The New York Herald Newspaper, December 9, 1844, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. w Xuork, Monday, Decemver 9, Isa. Steamer Caleconta. This packet has now been out nineteen days. ‘We expect her hourly, and will issue an Eztra Herald immediately on the receipt of her news. The Relations bitween Mexico and the Unt- ted States—the Crisis of the ‘iexas Ques- ten. ‘We are ia the very crisis of the Texas question. Daring the last few days events have thickened upon us, and developments have been made which show the position of this country to be more cri cieal as regards the probabilities of peace and war, than any which it has sustained during the last quarter of a century. We refer particularly to the highly important correspondence of the State De- partment, which we published exclusively last Sa- turday, and which created a great sensation amongst all political and commercial circles. In addition to that,and furniehing fresh matter of the deepest importance, was the news which we pub- lished yesterday, received by the way of New Or. leans from Mexico, aod the additional intelligence trom that capital ia relation to the correspondence of the Mexican Secretary of State, to be found in our coiumus to-day: 1c is very evident from ail this correspondence, aud al! the recut invelligence, that the question of (he auwexation of Texcs wiil, un a very few weels, be Oug Of most adsorbing iuterest, HOt ouly in this | Couyiry, but throughout ihe whoie of this coutiwent aud amoaget the putentates of Europe. Tustigated no douot by the intrigues of the British government, Mexico appears to be determi d to make a reso- lute stand against the annextion of Texas tg this couatry, aud to oppose it at all hazards, even at the risk of creating a war between the two republics. Nothing would appear to prevent this course of action on the part of the Mexican govern- ment, unless it should spring from her in- ternal troubles and difficulties. At the date of the last accounts which we have received, a revolution appearsto have been under way in some of the provinces in the interior, which demanded all the energy of Santa Anna for ita suppression. But should this revolution be suc- cessfully subdued, aad the present rulers of Mexico exil maintain their conirol of the government, we may expect in a Very short time to see belligerent movements on the part of Mexico towards this couatry ; and indeed the rumor, that Mr. Shanon, our minister there, has demanded his passports, would seem not to be without some foundation. Were the opposition to the annexation of Texas contiaed to Mexico alone, the subject could be very easily handled by the United States govern- ment; but it happens that Mexico is stimulated and instigated to that movement by British policy and British intrignes. And considering that the United States 1s now one of the most formidable rivals of the British power, not only on this coati- nent, but even in China and the East, we should not be at all surprised if every effort was made to involve the two republics on this continent in along and bloody war with each other on this very ques- tion. Whatever may be the issue of the present relations of the two governments, we have no doubt, judging from the recent elections and from the course of public opinion, that the position as- sumed by our President und Mr. Cajhoun in the published correspondence, will be ba :ked and sup- ported by the great bulk and body of the American people. There may be a small party opposed to the annexation of Texas on abstract grounds, but all practical men—all devoted friends of their couatry—all those who wish to see this great republic grow with the natural growth of time—will be in favor of the anoexation, will support that measure with all their strength, and will go all lengths and meet every hazard in the accomplishment of that purpose. This subject is only in its commencement. The movement has only begun. But whether it is to end in peace or in war seems to be an even ques- tion—almost a tie—in a great measure depending on the toss of a copper. One thing is certain, that this country wiil never recede from her position on this question, either uader the present or any future admunistration. Geanp Literary Movement —A literary move- meant of a novel and interesting character, has just been made by a highly respectable body of practi- cal philosophers in this city. Tuis movement has, in fact, originated with those useful laborers in literature, the carriers of the Herald -whose phi- loa»phy, very different from that of the lvafer literati, recognizes as its first principles, industry, sobriety, and the necessity of earning an honest living. They offer a prize of twenty.five dollars for the best ‘New Year's Address,” or poetica) resumé of the events of the year now rapidly draw ing w aclese. Fourteen days are allowed for the completion of the work, which is a very reasona- bie allowance when it is considered that it is aut Tequired that the poem should be ae long ae the Iliad, nor even so tengthy aa Pafk Benjamiu’s last Great workethe terrific satize of the nineteenth ceatury. The competition is open to all connected with the editorial department of the Herald, who have the gift of poetic geniue, and the compositors are also permitted to engage 10 this struggie tor immortality. The addresses are to be sent in anonymously to the board of carriers, who will, as asolemn literary conclave, sit in judgment upon the respective merits of the several productions. Thisis altogether an iateresting literary movement, and we have no doubt thata great deal of curiosity will be excited amongst the public to examine the address, to the author of which the prize will be adjudged. Newspaper Entenvaize.—The highly interesting correspondence of the Siate Department, relative to Texas and Mexico,—the most important docu- ment laid before the public for some time past— was published exclusively in this journal on Satur. day morning last. 1t wus really amusing to «b- serve tne maooer ia which the evening papers of that day availed themselves of this early publica, tion, Only one—the American—had the manliness to acknowledge the source trom whence the inie- resting aad important document was obtained ! But this was not all. We also gave exclusively on Saturday, in our money article, a statement of the state of trade, between China and the nations of Europe; and probably no other newspaper, or any other office in this country, could furnish the same facts. But we happened to have procured from Paris, to the latest dates, all the documents which are furnished by all the consuls ot the French government, and published under its patronage.— Such statements as are found in these documents cannot be obtained from any British or American sources, and we had to ransack the whole of our valuable Freneh documents in order to obtain the intelligence which we gave on Saturday, and which is of such great interest and value, now that the United States are about to enter into a new com- mercial intercourse with China. Itroatant ApoLition Movements.— We give in this day’s paper un interesting report of the “ say- ings and doings” of the Abelition Convention held at Albany last week. It is taken from the Albany Evening Journal, and is quite amusing, at least. The important feature of the Convention is the bold ground the abolitionists take against the na- tive party. The abolitionists declare themselves in favor of political freedom to all colors, all races, white, black, native, or foreign. There is every ap- pearance of a pretty war coming off between the natives and abolitionists, Excettent Movement —A bill has been intro. duced into the South Carolina Legisla.ure, for the repeal of the present law of that State, relative to the choiee of Presidential Electors, and to provide tor their election by the people It is to be hoped hat it will pass Tue Porutar Vors in tae Recent Prestven- Tia Exzetion.—Ekxors Comrectsp.—Some time ago we stated, from returns then received, that Mr. Polk, the President elect, although elected President of the United States by a large majori- ty of the electoral votes throughout the country, would yet be in a minority of the popular vote. We fisd now, from the full returns from the twen- ty-cix States, which are nearly complete, that we were in error, and we hasten to correct our former ‘statement as soon as possible. Jt now appears that James K. Polk has @ mjority—a small one to be sure—but still a majority of ihe popular vote over both Mr. Cluy and Mr. Birney. This is a most important fact, and ought to be made koown es soon and as generally as possible throughout the country. Here isthe statement made out by our reporter, with such notes and illustrations as may be necessary to explain it to our readers :— PResmentiat Eugction 1m 104. omular Vote. Electoral. Poik. Clay Losalonereset 1151 IBIBII les 3 SLs este t test wut atone 1,3.0,611 UL 53 ial Birmey’s vow, Polk over all...... 481 inthe twenty-six States, * There is no election, by the people, of Presidential Electors; we re therefure estimated the popula: ‘vote. In giving Puik a majority of 25 000, we are probably below the wak. The prevent Leginlaare ‘was elected expressly to vote for Polk,and there is not a single whig in that assem bly. At the last election in the State, the whigs attempt- eda contestonly in one Congressional district, and they there polled but 3,064 votos. In Charleston they attempted to elect members to the Legulature, and wer defeated. inthe ag ute popular vote we al we are on the safe by giving a low estimate. Io tion excitement was at its highest int in the St whole vote polled reached 39,066 Fheretore, in giving an increase of 16 000 in twelve y vars, weare certainly within bounds, when we take the in: Crease in other States into consideration. + The aggregate vote is estimated the mojority; is taken from the returns received. { [tis claimed by the whigs that the frauds in Pleque- ‘mines, on the part of the democrats, defeated them in the State. They contend, that were the fraudulent votes ip that pari trown out, the State would show a whig majority of 300 The majority for Polk, with the Plaque mines returns, is 690, «nd the increased democratic vote in that perish is 757. Throw out the whole in- crease, therefore, and the whigs would havea enorty, of only 67. The democrats, however,will not admit that there have been any frauds; they state in conse- uence of the whigs prematurely closing the polls in New Orleans, those who did vote there had a right to vote in any pert ot the county; end hence ‘the increase in ines. rb Plaquemines. They have no objections to an investigation; and if one is hadsit will undoubtedly be seen that Polk has a majority. Aoonxoate Vote in THE Union. Aggregate vote na 1844,.. . «ink Increase in four years,,.,.. 341,383 It will be seen from these returns, which cannot vary much from the official statements, that Mr Polk is indeed a majority President. although the mejority is a small one in the popular vote ; and that the influence which necessarily belongs to such an election ought not te be withheld from it. The extraordinary extent of the vote taken 1s very nearly--within a few hundreds—that which we stated it would be, and the absolute result of the whole, has come out precisely as we predicted se- veral weeks before the election, and for the an- nouncement of which we were so furiously de- nounced by the whigs as having been purchased by the locofocos. The truth is, a clear-headed man, without any party bias can almostin every instance in the elections of this country, predict the actual result, or very nearly so. Political philosophy is growing into an exact science; and hereafter no person need be in doubt about what the absolute result of elections will be, if they read the co- Jumns of this or any other independent joufnal. In this election, the principal issue before the people undoubtedly was the Texas question and the Uregon. The old issues of bank, distribuuon, and tariff, had been decided years before, and the new issues have defeated not only Mr. Van Buren and his own party, but also Mr. Clay. It would be well, therefore, for ali those Senators who represeut States that have given popular ma- jorities for Mr. Polk, and who believe in the doc. trine of instruction, to take warning from the re- cent result, and act accordingly. How can Messrs Archer aud Rives, of Virginia, with the popular majority of five thousand in favor of the annexa- tion of Texas, dare to. vote against that measure before the Senate now? How can any other Senator from a State voting in that way oppose this mea- sure 1 ‘How dare Mr. Benton vote against it? Has not Missouri given a large popular vote for Mr. Polk 1 Let those questions be pondered upon and examined. Spercu or THe Presipent Evect.—His Recer- rion aT Nasuvitux.—According to the Nashviile Union of the 80:h ult., Mr. Polk, the President elect, was received ia that city on the 28:h, ina very enthusiastic manner. Alter a procession of cousiderable length, he made the following brief speech in reply to an address offered to him:— I retarn to you, sir, and to my feilow-citizens, whose organ you are, my sincere and unteigoed thanks for this Mauitestation of the popular regard aud confidence, ond for the congratulations which you have bern pls ex to me, upon the termination und result of the political contest. 1 am fuily sensible, that theae con: gratulations are not. and cannot be personal to ywel!. {t ig the eminent success of our common principles which hasepread such general joy over the ‘and. The political bei g bode 3 which the country has just ke been deeply ere B Extraordinary causes ted tem ke itso. It has terminated ~it is now over—and Isincerely hope and bel:eve,has been decided by the sober and seitied jadgment of the American people. In ex- wing mutual congratulations with each other upon the result o: the lute election, the democratic purty should rewember, in calmly reviewing the contest, that the portion of our fellow citizens who have diff-red with us in opinion have equal political rights with ourselves ; that minvrl ies as weil ws majorities are entitled to the fali and free exercis their opinions and judgments, that -the rights «f all, whether of minorities or ma such, are entitled to equal respect and regard. 1S, (herwiore, over the success ut the democratic of their princip es, in the Jate election, it should pirit of exultation over th it of our oppo- neats ; but it should be because, as honestly believe, our principles and policy are better calculated than theirs to promote the true interests of the whole country. In the position in which I have been placed, by the yolon- tary and unsought suffroges of my fellow citizens, it will become my duty, as it will be my pleasure, faithfully and truly to represent, in the Executive department of the , the principles and policy of the great party ry who have elevated meto it ; but at the same proper that I should declare. hat I shall not regard im tf the representative af a party only. but of the whole people of the United States ; T trust, that the future policy of the Government may be auch as ta secure the happi- negs and prosperity of all without distinction of party. This little speech was made after a visit of seve. ral days to the Hermitage, where Old Hickory and Young Hickory had talked over the whole policy of the new administration, and arranged the new Cabinet. It appears that in acknowledging his indebtedness to the great party that elected him, he deems it his duty to go for the whole country and be independent of all party cliques. With the intention of remaining in office but four years, he can act without any reference to party orgeniza- tion and yet keep in the path of democracy. The arrangements he made for his administration while at the Hermitage, were undoubtedly of such a character as will command the attention and ree pect not only of the party that placed him in powers but of the whigs also. It is now supported that he will cut himself adrift from all the old ¢’igues tha: sufrounded Van Buren, and take an independent and novel position in the policy of the government, Lét all this, however, be as it may, the announce. menthe made that he should act for the whole country, and not for any particular cligue, will pro- duce « flattering among the office seekers that will very likely be unpleasant to their feelings. In a day or two we shall receive further impor tant intelligence from Nashville POSTSCRIPT. FIVE O'CLOCK, A.M. HALF A MONTH LATER FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMER CALEDONIA, AT BOSTON. The royal packet steam ship Caledonia, Captain Lott, arrived at Boston harbor on Friday night, about 8 o’clock, but, owing to a dense fog, was un- able to get upto the city till Saturday forenoon. She briogs London and Liverpoo! papers to the 19:h inst., the day of sailing. She has brought a large mail, and her usual number of passengers. The advices by this arrival are neither important nor interesting. Money seems to be increasing in value, and the cotton market continues in a quiet, healthy state. The steamship Acadia, Capt. Harrison, reached Liverpool! on the 14:h ult. Mr. White, the newly appointed Consul at Liver- pool, has errived there, and having been approved of by the Queen, has commenced his official duties at the port of Liverpool. ‘ Ata large meeting of the Manchester Chamber ot Commerce, strong resolutions were adopted fos securing the repeal of the duty on raw cotton, The amount of the duty 1s three quarters of a million aterling—a large eum, forming no inconsiderable item in the Chancellor of the Exchequer’s annual budget. But the tax is found to be so oppressive, 80 injurious to the operations of the English manu- facturer, crippling his power, and preventing him from competing with his foreign rival, that it 16 thought probable Ministers, during the ensuing meeting of Parliament, will consent to give it up. Queen Victoria and her husband appear to be in the enjoyment of excellent health, and but little oppressed or burdened with the cares of govern- ment. Accompanied by her consort, she has re- cently been ona visit to the Marquis of Exeter, at his splendid seat, called Burghley House---where according to the papers, they were having a glori- ous time. There have been more severe gales in Liverpool, attended with unusual high tides. Several vessels were driven ashore, and met with other disasters. Incendiary fires continue to be trequent in differ- ent parts of the country. The packet sips England, Capt. Bartlett, ar- rived out on the 9h; the Rochester, Capt. Britton, on the 13th, and the Garrick, Capt. Trask, on the 18th. , Steam Suir Great Brrratn.—It was generally supposed that this veesel would have left Cumber- land basin on the high tides of the early part of the week ending 19th. She could not, however, be got ready in time, and her departure was poat- poned to the corresponding period of next month, when it was confidently expected she would pro- ceed to sea. No doubt was entertained of there being a sufficient rise of water to carry her out with safety. Enormous Raiway Spgcunations.—The follow- ing statement appears in the circular of a@ snare- broker, published a few days back:—\‘ Since ovr last monthly circular, there have been put forth 41 new prospectuses of railway schemes, and the shares applied for in each have far exceeded the number to be issued. Taking the above 41 lines into the account, the following will result:—Oo the 14th of Atgust upwards of 90 new lines, re- quiring more than £60,000,000 of subscribed capi- tal to complete them, were put forward, to which add the above 4l, stating a requirement of £35,265,000, together upwards of 181, needing an inveatinent of £95,266,000, with the power of bor- rowing one-third more, devoted to the same object; making a grand total ot £127,020,000 Ministgrtat Cuanazs —Rumors of ministerial changeeare rife. It is-very generally believed that three offices, all held at present by peers, namely, the offices of Firat Lord ot the Adimiralty, President of the Board of Control, and Postmasier General, will be vacated by their present occupants before the meeting of Parlament. The firet-named office, it 1s eaid, will be filed by Lord E.lenborough, ana the second by Lord Stanley ; in which case Mr. Glaastone would have the management ot the Co- lonies, and the Board of Trade will fall to Lord Vathousie. The rumors originate with the Morn- ing Post. Ste Ropert anp Lapy Sate at Winpsor —Sir Robert aud Lady Sale have been paying a visit to Windsor Castle, where they were received with the most marked kindness by the Queen ana Prince Albert The Quéen manilested the mos: intense interest to hear from the lips of Lu- dy Sule a narrative of thcese extrordinary privations and dangers to which her Jadyship huo been exposed in the east. The Queen listened with the deepest attention, aod expressed herseit in the warmest terms of congratulation at LadySule’s hap- v and providential return to her native land. Su obert Sale, in addition to being eppuinted to the commaud of a regiment, has received the lucra- tive pp rintment of Quarter-master-General to her Majemy’s forces in india, for which couatry be wil preeeed in December. Fuictrru, StzamBuat Accipext.—A lamenta- ble accivent occurred at Blackwall, on the Thames on the eveniog of Tuesday last* produced by av expiosion on board @ steamer culled jhe Gipeay Queen, a new iron vessel, of 600 tons, and 300 rae power, by whibh seven persons lost thei aes, and fiae more were seriously injured.— Amongst the sufferers is Mr. Samda, one ot the partners en the_estal bment where the engines were made. The engines differed in some re spects from the marine engines generally in nee and they were regarded as improvements. Belore the accident, the vessel had mude her first trip down the river with the greatest satis‘action. The vessel hus been built for the Waterford Navigation Shay Three more of those whe were car- ried to ‘he hospital have since died of the isjurier they received. Mr Samuda was the patentee of the Atmospheric ' Railw: in carrying out the principles of which he has beeu enguged for some years past. ; i Mr, Dan Marble, the American comedian, after delighting the cockneys with his amusing persona- tions ot Yankee lite, is now in Liverpool, tulfilling an engagement of twelve nights. He isa creat fa- vorite. He appeared last might in the “Vermont Wool Deuler,” and experienced an enthusiastic Teception, which he increased by the fun and and drollery ot his acting. Mr. Marbie has two popular writers enguged in the production of a brace of new tarces, in which his pecu- liar talents will be shown to the highest advantage These farces wili prove arich treat to his country- men on his return home. Reovction or Dock Rates at Livenroou..—A sub Committee of the dock committee, to whom was lately referred the revision of the dock and light duties on ton- dock rates, on goods, ‘8 recommended in a report (which was adopted), that the rates to be charged upon the seventh ciass of voyages be, on ton- nage, Is 61, and on lights 14d per ton, making is 7; ton. The “seventh class ot voyages” relates in South America to the southward of Rio the Pacific Ocean, in Africa and Asia tu th the Cape of God Hope. P tonnage, 2s 3d and for lights 2d. The loss to the estate from the reduction, is calealated to be only about £4000 perannum. The reduction isto take place on the 10th of December next. The sub-committee, in their report, say, that they consider it desirable to ascertain whether the whole question of dock rates should not be revised. The Hop Duty.—The return of the hop duty, on this year’s growth, was issued on Saturday. The total is £266 240 163. 2}d, of which the old duty amounts to £140,- 322, 174, gd, the new duty to £103,716 17¢. 11d, and the additional dnty of 6 percent, per Act 3d Victoria, c. 17, to £12,201, Os, Od. Ireland, % O'Connell, after a long re it Derrpnane, is + about returning to Dublin. Jt is said that he hae abyndoned the ‘ Federal” project, and is more urgent in favor of the ‘ repeal” movement than ever, Tae rai e been as heavy, recently, tn come parts of Irel hat the rivers have overflowed, aud great damage hasbeen done by floods. In Kilkenny, Tipperary, and other places the devas- tation has been extensive, bridges having beew swept away, houses flooded, and in some instances submerged, and roads rendered im ble. Mr. S Crawford has commenced the pu of aseries of letters, in favor of locel legi for Ireland, retaining the imperial connection, Orance Outraces In |T'ynong —A letter from Dungannon gives an account of some outrages by incendiaries, The vi 8 are Roman Catholics, who had taken land from which Ocangemen had been evicted. Some persons are in custody, charged.on suspicion. otice had been ited, teat ‘No Papist would be allowed to take the lands.” These oatrages have occurred in the rish of Killyman, rendered notorious by the louver proceedings of the * Killyman Wreckers ht Fathes Mathew, the great apostle of temperance, has become involved in embarrasements arising out of his philanthropic exertions. A movement 2 is now going on, and that it will prove successful there is little doubt, jor not merely discharging his Satsiines. bet nena hima pos which will place im beyou cuniary need hereafter. Mee! have been held in England, as well as in ila scriptions, the required sum—£20,000—-will be. forthcoming. France, _ ¥ The Duc d’Amale left_ Paris, with the Prince de Joinville, on Tuesday, for Nuples; where he is expected to arrive onthe 20th or 21st. Qa the 25th, he 18 to be married to the Princess Caroliue Au- gusta, daughter of the Prince of Salerno, and cousin of the King of the Two Sicilies. *s Poland The Silesian Gazette states that in the course of August last a secret association tor political pay. poses was discovered in the kingdom ef Peland, and many arrests were made at Warsaw and at other places. A committee appointed to inquire into the matter have liberated twenty persons, and have condemned three lawyers to hard labor for life in Siberia, and eighteen others to the like punishment tor ten yeare; all the property of the condemned to be confiscated. The Spanish papersare filled with details of the conspiracies alleged to have been discovered at Madrid and Barcelona, to murder Narvaez and others, tnd to overthrow the governmem). Many persons have been arrested, and will probably be shot. Among them are several officers and noble- men of distinctio.—General Prim, Court ot Reuss, ts oue of them. He was the leader of that revolu tion in Catalonia which resulied in the exile ot Espartero, and the elevation of Narvaez. Thi Yaris Presse represents him asa young map, in- lated with the eclat of recent career, involved pecuniary embari: penis, and disgusted with receiving more aid trom goverament. From the turn which the debate in the Chamber ot De puties at Madrid has taken, it is tolerably c'e ir that the new codstitution, which has been propuundec » ministers, will not receive even the semblance of a medifcation. One of the ministers, indeed, has unblushingly deci: rior to any constitution he, * overruled eve: the government of that the crown is supe ‘he crown,” exclaimed thing, and that was the form pain always had.” Italy: _ An unsuccessful attempt has been made to aesas- sinate the Grand Duke of Tuscany. This country has been visited by destructive inundations. The Adige had been and the streets of Trent were overflowed. Tie whole lower parts of Florence were flooded. A suspension bridge above the gate of St. Nicholas, without the city, has been carried away. The road between Leghorn and Pisa was stopped. Agricultural implements, cattle and fur niture, strewed on the watera, attested the ruin in- flieted in the country districts. India. * The Bombay mail of the first of October, arri ved in London on the 4th instant. aud brings ac- counts of some disturbance in Southern Mahratta country, which has been in a disturbed state. The malcontents consist chiefiy of Arab troops, who placed themselves under some bold leaders, and bade defiance tothe Rajah and his allies. They seized two of the strong hill forts, where they hois- ted the standard of revolt against the Rajah of Kholapore. A force was sent by the British au- thorities to dibestes them. It consisted of fifty ar- tillerymen and troops, amounting to about 1,200 men, under the command of Colonel Wallace of the Madras Army. An attack issaid to have taken place at one of the forts, in which the rebels de- fended themselves stoutly with their long guns.— Some soldiers on the side of the British were wounded ; for the hill-forts from their position are difficult ot access. The British were subsequent. ly firing and throwing shells into the first fort, which is about twenty-five miles trom Belgaum.— The other is eighteen miles further off. The Bom- bay Government was on the alert in making ar- rangements for having its disposable regiments ea for any emergency that might arise. Lieut Col. Wyllie, of the 21st Bombay Native Infantry, who had taken his passage by the mail-steamer, wes ordered to stop and join his regiment. Steam- ers were in Bombay harbot under orpers to be ready to remove troops at a moment’s notice. Serious riots took place at Surat on the 29th of August, in consequence ot popular dissatistuction at the increase of the salt tax from half a rupee to one rupee, (2s.) per maund of 80 pounds. ‘roops were promptly sent there by the Government, ano the disturbance ceased The Supreme Court sub- sequentiy ordered, by virtue of instructions from the Court of Directors, that the increased duty should be in the Bombay Presidency only one quar ter of a rupee per maund. This arrangement ap- parently pacified the people, although there were petitions made against the tax. A real advance seems at length to have been made in the pacification of Buudelcund—two of the fomentere of disturbance had surrendered, ano the chief had expressed a desire to do so, if his life could bespared. Scinde was tranquil, and upon the whole healthy Capt. M’Kenzie is charged in these accounts with having committed a sad blunder, having attacked with his irregulers some agricultural Ryots, taking them for Beloochees. The Punjaub was in astate of undiminished con- fusion; aud the journals renew with confidence the discussion about the unavoidable necessity of British intervention. i Sir_George Pollock arrived at Calcutta on the 18th September, and took his seat at the Council, in the place of the Hon. W. W. Bird. ; Mr Frederick Hutchinson had been made a jus tce of Bomboy; and the appointment is hailed ar the first of the kind conferred on an “ Indo-Brit ton The crop of Indigo is now estimated ai 140,000 maunds. Markets. Loxpen Money Marxet, Nov. 18—The Governmen Securities have undergone little alteration recestly, no has much business been transacted in them Money » becoming scarcer, and the rate for discounting first rat: Commercial Bills 1s now 2} to 3 percent. A proofof th: one vhocedud mon:y is the decline in pope bed illa—not from any tempora: ure on t rt « sellers, but from the nesleone other channels in whic. che funds of capitalists are now flowing The amount ofthe new French loua is one-third les: Fin nce Minister, although un lature to contract {yr 300, auing bimeelf of his power to th ‘The biddings will be received, by sealec «anders, on the 9th December. The contracters to pa: an immediate deposit ot 10 000,000, — 5 per cent 1 por the whole; aed to give to the paymen: of alike monthly deposit until the whole loan is paid up, which will no be till August, 1840. The Stock market closes firm, though quiet. Consolr for Money and the Account left’ off at 100} to %; Thret per Cents., Reduced, 99} to 4; Thre ‘@ Quarter per Cents, 192'to 4; Long Annuities, 12 1-16; Buak Stock 204 to 205; and India Stock, 286 to 288. Inthe Foreign Market Spanish Bonds are lower, owine to the egain un -avorable aspect of sftairs in the Peninsula, bats is also depressed; Mexicans are steady. The New Belgian Scrip, alter receding somewhat, has rallied, and closes at 3 prem. The final prices were—Spanisb Five per Cents, 23} to 24; the Three per Cente, 35} to 4. Portugnese, 62} to 634; Russian, 11+ to 119; Mexican, 35, to 33]; the D. ferred, 154 to J; Dutch Two-and-e-Half pe: Cents, 63} to 3; the Five per Cents, 99 to }; Danish, 89 to olumbian, 13f to 14}; Chilian, 101 to 103; Buenos yres, 35 to 37; and Braz , 87h to ha a ‘The totlowing prices are the latest obtained for the fol lowing United Stutes stoc! Alabama Fives (Stg. Bnds,)1 Kentucky Sixes, New York Fives. Incorpore United States, 8 perct..... 268 “ « 6 * debentures, 1841-2,.....— — Livenroot Corton Manxet—Repurt for the Week end» ing Nov 8.—The market has been flat throughout the we ju. ata also have been a little easier to buy, "Egy, and Brazils barely support rates, Sea Islands without There was more doing by the trade during the . The sales of this week are 86,130, the during the same period are 1,016 from Egypt. Taken on speculetion—3.000 American and 2,000 Surat; and for exportation, 200 American and 300 Surat.— The prices declared by the committee of brokers this week tor fair cotton, are—Bowed, 4§4; lle, 44d; Or- leans, 444. Re for the Week ending Nov. 16.—In consequence of i Senelocroie increase in the demand in the carly part of the week, holders were ennbled, in many instan- ces, to obtain an advance of 41 per lb on American des- criptions; but since the arrival of the Boston steam pack ot, there bas been more disposition to rell, and the market closes without change from the seueres of Friday last The sales of the werk are 41 840 bales Speculators have and 8,200 Surat, and 200 American and 60 Pernambuco are sold for exportation. Ampl+ tabular details relative to the Cotton trade will be found below. Nov, 16 —The transactions in Cotton since the close of 'y’ iness have been on a moderate scale only. bat begs 4 ive re with bu: Paty bf pinead eek sold to-day, viz: arat at 25d to jan to 74; 60 Pernam at 6)1, and th e rewoloder American $¢1 to @1_ 0 prices there is no variation whatever to notre State or Traps —Io Manchester there is a good bust- ness doing ia cloth, especially in Printing Cloths, though still there isan active demand for Shirtings ard Long Cloths, for China and India Shirtings are iece lowi rr in price ; Twist is inready sale. In Li ind Hudders- fieid the mild weather ‘prevents an active sale of winter goods, Yarns are much d, and the prospect be fore spinners is very gloomy. In Nottingham every branch of hosiery trade is becoming worne ; cotton gloves feel the general depr@sion, and the bobbin net trade is also exttenrly duly the silk warp trade is also tvery slack, At Leicester, the wool trade is inictive, as also oe in Plain| and fanoy ; manufacturers talk of re- Rochdale pleoe market is some inde fapeorcment on the subject, anp from the liberality of the sub: | THE PHILOSOPHY OF FAITH. A BROADSIDE AT ROME, Voltaire, Hume, and Baxter. PROTESTANTISM AS OPPOSED TO INFIDELITY AND CATHOLICITY. A Lecture delivered in the Chapel of the University, New York, Sunday Morning, Dee. 8, 1844, by the Rev. John Potts, D.D. What think you of Christ ?—Mat. c. 22, v 42. On entering on the examination of which the Scriptures teach respecting him, of which it ie written that no other name nas been given under heaven, or on earth, whereby men can be saved, it is‘ necessary to premise that my argument will be addressed to those who admit the plenary in- spiration of the sacred writings. Iam thus expli cit, because to prove to those who reject the Scriptures, that it contained such and such a doctrine, would be merely wasting time. The doctrines revealed in the Scripture, we receive by an act of faith ;' that is, we believe them to be proved. Yet we are very far from wishing to be anderstood in these remarks, as precluding the presenting of the various parts of our subject to those whese present state of mind may be scep- teal, Even to that class of objectors who refusr their aseent to these doctrines, because, as they allege, they ure in the nature ot things impossibie, (do not despair of furnishing such answers as may ilence, and still better, satisty the objectors. This ieads me to the second general remark, in which [ ill occupy the remainder of your time this morning It is this—that while we do not dieguise the fact thut difficulty, and difficulty altogether insuperable te our reason, is to be found connected, not acciden- tally, but necessarily as it were with many of the truths of scripture. And yet we do not call for the exercise ot implicit faith. With respect to every article of our belief, we desire to be able to give a reason for the hope that is in us. However it may answer that system of error, which sits on the city of the “seven hills,” andatretches forth its gigan- tie arms to crush in every quarter of the earth the spirit of free inquiry, to reat the claims of religion on an unquestioning faith, it does not suit the genius of christianity to resort to any such mon- strous fiction as a security against the pride and cu- riosity of the human mind, even though that curi- osity has often proved itselt to be exceedingly rash and hurtful from want of right principle and gui- dance. If tenets like of the celebrated doctrine of transubstantiation,involving not merely a difficulty, but a contradiction—not merely a mystery, but an absurdity— were not only above our powers of conception, but con- to our very senses—if such tenets: are adopted without any authority from the word of God, then it is{no wonder that some such principle of belief as that de. scribed in oy infidel sneer, es hag ha been Soasee ented as proper mn amet more Impossible the thing the mare is it to be believed.” It ts not'et all strange, in- deed, that in the nition of such tenets, a pretext should have been found by the infidel, Voltaire, to falsify the Christian doctrine of faith, by putting into the mout of a christian such words as these—'* We believe by faith, not by our reason, which we take good care never to lis. ten to, for when faith speaks it is well known that reason must not say a word?” And another as bitter and unre lenting an ant: ist as, Voltaire—Hume—with similar disingenuous ar » proving by the way that all hypocri- sy and artfuluess is not to be found in the church, says : Our most holy religion ”—(he 8 of “ our most holy n |”) —“* is founded on faith, not on reason. and mere reason is insufficient to convince us of its veracity.” But whatever absurdities superstition may . have sought to impose upon the credulity of men in the name of religion ; and whatever unguarded language the sin- cere friend of scripture may have employed at times in combating with licentious, rash sad petulent scof fag, hiding itself under the name of philosophy and season, still the most intelligent advocates of what are called the \ mysteries of religion,” hold that de finition which has been aptly given in the brief but fre- quent sentence of Richard Baxter—“Faith is an acto’ reason.” Fuith, then, in its primary sense is the assent of the mird to any statement of fact, not a matter of sense— not one to be handled, tested, felt, a matter of mathe. matical science of demonstration, but is declared to us on what we conceive to be cient testimony. We believe in a case where we are fied that the testimony is suf- ficient, overbalancing any thing to the oppesite. The act of the mind by which such a statement is received as true, and Jaid up amongst the deposites of our know tedge—the act of the mind that does this, is properly called faith in the primary sense of th word. low, by this definition, it ia bi bh to achild that there is an indispensable necessity for the exercise af reason, for, on the other hand, we define reason to be that faculty, or rather that combination of mental fecul ties, by the right us+of which,we receive, compare and lecide upon evidence, for egeinst any proposition. This is the proper sense of that?much abused word “ res. son.” It is, in tect, the mind itself da receivin: explainin, \d confirming truth. It asks for argume: m other words, for evidence, and evidence forms the date on which it builds its conclusions. You come to me, an- aounce something fin the shape of a principle—at firs tight it is new and ‘haps contradicts my previous no. tions. . I ask for proof, and when the proofs are given, my reason is employ edjin examioing th-m and unles#,as is often he case, come existing prejudice interferes with the seas of investigation,my decision is according to the weight € theevidence The process is celled reasoning, and it is more or Jess close end active,according to the discipline which the mind has previously undergone. if the proo! consists in the testimony of witnesses, the improbabili- ties of the thing itself,ind the. pene men te deceive, must be put on one side, and the credibility of the circum: stances onthe other. If I am satisfied of the latter I must accept the s‘atemevt There is a wide distinction between what is above and what is contrary to our reason. Thia is nebitually disregarded by the opponents of christianity I it be asked what srethe causes of all the confusion ato which the relations between faith and reason rave been thrown, I onswer that ne. are two— First, the terms themselves are not distinctly defined ind kept in view. Thus, for instance, bh har been employed ina sense of blind assent of the mind o statements of whose truth no sutficient evidence hes veen advanced. On the one hand, the enemies of religion ‘ave very generally imposed this mening on the world ; on the other, fanatics and enthusiasts have sought to ver over their extravagant statements by decrying rea- on, and calling for unqualified submission to what they shoose to call faith, but which is mere credulity. Again. 4n equally false sense has been given to the term reason Chat is often confounded with what are celled “resson- ngs.” Many etruth is rejected ns contrary to reason, vi nly contrary to some of the notions and senti ndgmente, and fancies which have been recog tized as incontestible first principles, whereas, they may wall utterly erroneous. We know this to be the faut ‘very day—the notions of yesterday are to morrowscatter «d to the winds as absurdities. To make this distinction o'ainer, reason is simply tothe mind what the eye is to the bed Judgment is not intuitive, To the eye of the mind uch evitence must first be submitted and recognized But the second cause of the confusion of the relation netween reason and faith, is to be found in the very sommon forgettulness of the proper limits, both of vur knowledge, our own powers to acquire knowledge—in other words, a forgetfulness of the one limits fof the human mind. ere is much of which we have no conception, because of it we ne- verjhesrd. This applies to ou: knowlejge of science— of ten theusand of investigation. With regard to religious truths, there is much thet is entirely above our reason—it cannot be described in human language.— The very nature of God—his essence—his le of ex. istence—his attributes—the relations of his attributes t6 created things—on allthese subjects there are insuperabl »bstacles to the conception of human reason. But shall we refuse to know any thing because we cannot know eve! thing? Shell we deny the existence of God because we cannot comprehend him ? As God alone can comprehend a God. Those who deny religions truth, because —_ a aor ti y cannot comand it, though all their lives gi cal denial of their principles, for they believe avery da doctrines which are equally above the resch of their rea son. Howcan they explain the connexion of the soul and the body ? orthe mysterious nature of light” There inno halting place between a rejection of faith in doc trines beyond the reach of finite reason, and universal pticism. We do not dethrone reason. Bnt what our reason cannot fully comprehend faith is to receive, and thus, hand in hand, they will explore the wonders of di vine grace, in the same harmony as they ex-lore the won- ders of his works; oftén with a baffied curiosity ;msrvelling at most that we see but cannot bee Pee aitir g pationtly’until greater light is given, additional data given re nr Got that he has shown us so much that is radiant and beantiful to’ the eye, so useful for all the im. portant pursuits of life, and so necessary for our eternal salvation, which is made to depen hat we reason God has declared ae truth. Thus we Bnd eora to investi gate divine truth. We prepose in other words to keep our eyes open—not to receive any thing because the church has received it—not to receive it becanse it is contained in a creed which we have framed and adoy and pledged ourselves to maintain— but when a difficulty oecurs to inquire how far it can be aolved—how far it involves « doubt or only an arent inconsistency. With this announcement and vindication of the general principles which are to guide us in our investigations, 1 now propose, in succeeding lectures, to examine the scriptural doctrines regarding the character and offices of the Savior. We have a glorious orrey of topics before us. Let ushe warned by o sober reason, as well as inspired by a devout faith, whilst we examine ‘the Scriptures whether these things be so. Tue Misses Suomane’ Concert. To the atten- tion of those who enjoy a concert of vocal and instrumental music, select and varied, the Misses Sloman present, in another column, a programme of their performancesto-night at the Apoilo Rooms, Broadway. A glance at it serve to show that the inducement to attend is strong. The young la- dies, who give this Concert, were great favorites, and liberally encouraged at Boston and other places visited by them; and all accounts we heard epeak highly of them, both ar vocalists and performers on the piano and harp — An efficient orehestra will attend, and as we are persuaded that the attendance of the public will be what it should, we need not prolong our remarks. eens Naviaation.—The river continued. open at the last accounts. Yesterday, however, the weather heing very cold, it probably {roxe over at Albany, RELIGION OF ‘HE FINE ARTS. | IMAGE WORSHIP! ANCIENT ICONOCLASM and MODERN CHURCH-BURNING. A LECTURE, Delivered in St. Peter’s Church, New York, Sunday Evening, Dec. 8, 1844. By the Bev. C. Pise, D.D. Exodus, 20 chapter, 1, 2, 3, 4, and of the 5th verees. seoeded epee all thase aed st aet ahd Tam the Lord thy God, who brought thee out of the bal tar ng house of ‘Thou shalt not have Gods before me. Thou shalt not make to thyself any graven things, nor the likeness of any thing in the heavens above, nor in the earth beneath, nor of any thing in waters under the ‘Thou shalt not adore them nor serve them. Iatimately connected with the subject which [ have just concluded—the veneration of Sainte—is that upon which it is my purpose to enter this even- ing, namely, the respect which the church teaches her members to pay to sacred images. But on this subject Ido not mean to defend the usage, as mis- represented either by prejudice or -by ignorance. {n defending the usage of venerating sacred pice tures and images, Ido not mean to defend the vul- gar notions entertained by many of those sects of christians opposed to our church—that in them we believe to be contained any inherent or intrinsic wirtue—that we are accustomed to kneel be- fore them as before so many deities. These are the prejudiced notions and misrepresenta- tions which have been and are circulated about from one end ot this country to the other; as much as to say that we Catholics are 80 lost.to all sense of shame and propriety, so per- fectly inconsistent with the first principles of Chrie- tianity, asto tranefer the homage we owe to the Supreme Being to sticks and stoner, or any other materials by which those sacred images may be represented, In vindicating the usuage of the Church with regard to the veneration paid to sa- i Ipshall confine myself exclusively to e ines which have been taught, andare to this day, in every part of the Catholic world,taught on the subject. ‘There has just occurred to me an idea, and one which I have often heard repeated in society by persons utterly unacquainted with our doctrines—| Pes rd who have never given themselves the trouble to investigate our doc:rines or our Bible, that we suppress the second com- mandment, in order that we may blind the eyes of our eee ople to the idolatry inculcated by our Church. Now, ] have read for you the text as contained in the Catholic version of the Ancient Testament, where ze find we incalcate that there is but oneGod; that it is uolawful to make any peg epee | Hee thing, either in the heaven: Be 6 ear! Patera rath were tye ol be the purpose 101 lose imi ve things. In order, therefore, that we ness prea ‘witha understanding of this subject, that we ma inthe commencement thoroughly understand the reel nature of this coctrit will not undertake to define it, but as usual will have recourse to our standard Cete- chism, the doctrines held by the Council of Trent. The catechism of the Council of Trent,on “the honor and veneration of the Saints,” pege 332, sa; mandment (the one I have just Senge ot prohibit the arts of painting or sculpture.” The conclusion, there. fore, at which we must arrive, is that images are prohibited only because they may be instrnments of transferring the worship of God to so many other gods ; and in the 26th session of the same council, we read the following decision :—‘ The images of Christ, the Virgin hg Se) Apostles and Saints, are kept and retained, par- ticularly in our churches—not that we believe in the di- aes or power of them, or that ie 4 thing is to beesked of to be placed in » or that any virt them, as did the heathens of oli.” This passage is di- rect and positive, and a manifestrefutation of the vulgar prejudices and misrepresentations, which have gone abroad on this point of our doctrine. If I may be plowed before I Pica ane speak—perhaps es may be consider some egotisti- Calg ceitorshow how prevalent isthe absurd notion that we pay undue respect to ima; even in the w ave never extmined classes of society, among those w! leave to say from this place, our doctrines—I will that when [had the honour of officiating as Cheplain in Washington, this question was put to me by a member of Congress :—" Jo you pretend to vindicate Image Worship 7” 1 answi , * according to your af the term I do not.” « What, do you not adore images ? Why in some pate of the world I have visited I have seen statues of the Virgin Mary, which appeared white m the morning, brown in the afternoon and black at night, and ses ne gr it like idolaters.” Caaid, “ in what pa the world did you see this, and who are the witnesses? Again, if it were possi for such to take place, [asa minister of the true religion, instead of tolerating such superstition, would be bound oy my religion to condemn them; for while we are always willing to defend the doctrine of our faith, we are. she first to reform any abuses which may have existed.” And where have abuses not existed? The Christian religion has often served as cloak, but is the Christian celigion therefore idolatrous? Therefore, I say, that though itself has been abused, I's and by the dog- mas as taught by the holy Catholic Church. It hasatruck me as extrsordinary. that enlightened men object to our paying a meed of religious respect to imeges, whilst they themselves do not hes tate to pay almost an unbounded respect to images of another kind. And yet if we besu- perstitious for entertaining a respect for images of dis in- guished champians 1 faith, or some illustrious mar- tyrs, must not the same blame fall on the who honors the pictures of Washington or any of the many personages whose names shine so bright on he rolls of our country 7 What you blame me for, you commit before the image of Washipgt.n I venerate the images of saiats, not that I have a regard for the cold mar- ble, or the litelees canvass. or the materials of which they may be composed, but because it represents ay good men. It is the same feeling as that which prompts me to fall on my knees Feforo thet imoge which represents our Lord und Savior, who died an ignominious An for eur salvation We enter. tain a just, and, ay T not say, an almost sacred ven oration for the flag of our couutry ; and whenever we behold it fluttering in the breeze, we hail it with raver. nce; and he who would layhands upon it would be certain © suffer, Now, is it the materials of which that flag is composed which ts respected? It is not; but it is res- pected because it represents our country, and the fathers four country, and all the and excellent virtues hat he exist, notwithstanding the perversity of the times, this great commonwealth. But the ignorant do not understand it ; children are ept to he led into superstitious notions on the sulyect. Now, whem the most ign-rant Catholic, or the most simple child, enters this church, if! ask him would he be willing to adore that picture, what would be the answer? “ No, by no means,” seys the cate. chism,"' because it has no life, nor sense, nor feeling.” But if I osk the most ignorant person in the church why he kreels before it, he will answer because it represents ‘Him who died for ali, and through whom he hopes for life ever- lasting ; and there is not an individual here, whatever may be his belief, but would resent an insult offered to the representative ot Jesus Christ whoever it came from. Now, taking this view of the subject, is it not extraor- dinary—almost incredible—that there should exist such strange and virulent prejudices against this beautiful and inspiring usage of bays tomie digg ny pictures so far as to posseva them in our churches, and onr parlors, if you please, And yet against this usege there has existed from the eighth century, with some alterations, the most unfounded Prejudice, and which is kept up now on the partof men whonever investigated the matter, or else I muat be allowedto say eet iticians, or na- tional prejudices. It England, for the first time, where, after the lation, they os merge this doc- trine as superstitious and idolatrous, The first persons to rise egeinst the general usoge of the Church were the {conoclasts, and any classical scholar will easil ive the meaning and etymology of the term, whic means “waging war against i ” But thore Iconclasta derived their notions from the Mahometans, end cer- tainly it is in favor of any Catholic doctrine to be first attacked by the of the Mahometans, ‘The Emperor Leo was the first to ute those who clung to the usage of the Church i venerating sacred images. A grest number of Bi ‘were compelled to a-semble in conventicle, and under the influence of in- timidation and threats they drew up a declaration, that ‘to venerate sacred images was on error, and no better than idolatry.” ‘The seme spirit of opposition to this sa- cred usege was bol up fantine ; but if we have recourse to Ecclesiastical etre ‘we will find that they did not stop at venerating, hut forbid the making of s»cred images at all ; and if this counsel had been dirccted—os the enemies of the Church will have it, by the spirit of God—then the + oe of God has ined the beautiful art painting. Immediately they begon the work of destruction under the pretext of vindicating the purity ofthe faith, and we find that the first image So be Nang to the waco of ~ “ Hens, wees eautifal image representing the crucifix of Cog hoyel to be executed by the command of Con- stantine the Great. If, then, Constantine the Great or- dered to be made and venerated an image of Christ, which was continued downto thi of Constantine: it lhe latter, drawing his ‘and causing , or Constantine the Great, who instructed in the truths of Ch » Caused it to be made and venerated. Immediately the Pope addressed a letter to eal fenton he Dna eg ies — boop sath fol- owing lan is select hod, ve the Fett dostrine of the church, and shows how the gove- poet Bir yeti de sees Mage arts ond of the truth. “ Dhe chu ee ae cle who would accuse her of idolatry 1~since thet only is idolatry which offers adoration to thi without existence, and bey igen ye ho ” From this letter of the Pope, it cl ly appears ig ib sacred 1 , and bowing before habit of wore! mages, them as #0 many On the authority of Spandenus, we are informed of some of the excesses of which these men were guilty, under the ext of defending the pu- rity,of the faith. They proclaim the ct paid to sa. cred images og idolatrous; and in order to sustain this, they have recourse to acts of Vandalism which cortptaly every lover of thi @ arts, whether Protestant or Catholic, will condemn, and feel grateful to the So. vereign Pontiff for protecting. To the decree of the conventicle of the Iconoclasts, and the excesses to which they went in their oj ition to the doctrine I am + now explaining, the following resolution was feed by them ‘That painting is an abominable and be reed a Laetaeead tee Lyte! hal hk eee 4 diabolical spirit, shoul exterm! doctrine of those ipraended morely to rindicate the vary ot warts