The New York Herald Newspaper, June 29, 1844, Page 1

* Vel, X., No. 180—Whele Ne. 3760. / ="ER oLays - Delivered in the City of Baleiah, April 13th, 1544. Friends and Fillow Citizens, Ladies and Gentle- men ef North Carolina : A long cherished object ef my heart is accom. plished. Iam at your Capttal and in the midst of ou. | have looked forward to this my first visit to Jorth Carolina, with anxious wishes, and with high expectations of gre gi tification ; and | am > happy to say that my foadest anticyations have { been more than realized. Wherever {have passed on my way to your city, wherever I have stopped at. the depot of railroads, in couutry, towa pope: d lage, it has been my g fortaue to receive the warmest demonstrations of respect and kindness, from all parties, trom both sexes, and trom every age; bul no where have I met, oo where had | ex- pected such a distinguished reception, and such en- 4. thusiastic greetings as those with which my arrival ¢ here has been atiended. I am rejoiced to be with > you this day, to stand surrounded by you im the bhade of this magnificent Capitol oble monu- ment of your public liberal:ty and taste ; and while Toy grateful hearthas been warmed, by the thril- ling grasp of each outstretched hand, and my eye cheered by the amiles and beanty of the fair daugh- ters of North Caro'ina, who have honored the oc. casioa by their presence, | cannot but rejoice, and I do rejoice, that { aman American citizen; and feel that, though far removed from m home and friends, yet I tread here « my own country, am in the midst of my friends,and spony men, and can exclaim in the la of the Scottish bard, that this, “this is indeed! ty t own, my native land.” Town that I have been truly and greatly, but agreeably surprised. I had expected to find some » hundreds, perhaps a few thousands assembled here to meet and greet me. 1 did not expect to witness such an outpouring. I did ot expect to see the whole State congregated tog 3 but here it is! + From the mountains and from the seaboard—from the extremities and from the centre, I see around ge the sons and the daughters of the good old forth State! A State which has earned this esti- mable title by the pay mplicity, and efficiency Of its institutions—by 118 uniform patriotism and in- | flexiple virtue ; by its quiet, unobtrusive, and un- ambitious demeanor, aud by its steady and firm ut- tachment to the Union, of which itis one of the + surest props and pillars—a noble title, of whic, al- though it is not proud, its sister States may weil envy and eriulate her. For these hearty mani- festations of your respect and eateem, I thank you all. Lthank my fair couutrywomen for gracing uf meeting by their countenance and presence. -- Tthank your worthy Chief Magistrate for the ge Tous manner in which he has represented your hos- pias I thank the various Committees for the ii he dnezs and attention which I have received at their hunds, and particularly the Committee who did me the honor to meet me on. the borders of yon: State, and escort me to this city. — Tam here, fellow-citizens, in complianee with Py ur own summons. Warm and repeated invita- 4 tions to visit this State, aad my own ardent de- e to visit it, to form the acquaintance and share the hospitalities of its citizens, have brought me in your presence. I have come with objects, exclu- sively socialand friendly. 1 have come upon no political errand. I have not come as a propagan- d I seek to change no man’s opinion, to shake Ao man’s allegiance to his party. Satisfied and con- _ tented with the opinions which I have formed upon public aflairs, afier thorough investigation and full deliberation, I am willing to leave every other man ) in the undisturbed possession of his opinions. Itis » one of our great privileges, in a free country, to © form our own opiniona upon all matters of public concern, Claiming the exercise of it for myself, I am ever ready to accord to others equal freedom in exercising it for themselves. But, inasmuch as the manner in which we may exercise the rights apper- taining to us, may exert, “fies fe an influence upon each other, tor good or for evil, we owe the » mutual duty of considering fairly, fully, and disin- ‘o> tereatedly, all measures ot public policy which ; be for adoption. i Although, fellow-citizens, I have truly said that Ihave not come to your State with any political aims or purposes, 1am aware of the general ex- pectation, entertained here, that I should embrace the oceasion to make some exposition of my sen- ~ timents and views 1n respect to public affairs. I do not feel at liberty to disappoint this expectation.— And yet I must declare, with perfect truth, that 1 have not and never had au taste fer these public addresses. 1 have always found them irksome and unpleasant. I havg not disliked publie speaking, but it has been pub§e speaking, in legislative halls, on public: measures affecting the weltare of my country, or before the tribunals of justice. It has been public speaking, in which there was a precise and well defined object to be pursued, by a train of thought and argument, adapted to its ettainment. ‘Without presuming to patie to ayy body else the course which he ought to pursue in forining his j nent wpow Rene parties, public measures, the principles which ought to guide us, 1 wali e my own. In respect to political parties, of which I have seen many, in this country, during a life which is now considerably protracted,I believe in the main, most of them think, or have persuaded | themselves to believe, that they are aiming at the happiness of their c Lael Their duties and their interests, well understood, must necessarily urge them to premote its welfare. They are, it is true, often deceived, deceived by their own passions an prejudices, and still more b tinterested demago- Be who cloak and conceal their sinister designe. ' olitical parties, according to my humble opivion of their legitimate sphere of action, ought to be re- .@arded as nothing more than instruments, or means subordinate, but important instruments or means in effecting the great purposes of a wise adminis tration of government; highly useful when not fac- tious and controlled by public virtue and patriot } ism; ae when country ia lost eight of, and the in- terests of the party become paramount to the inter- ests ot the country, when the governments seized by a party and is not administered for the benefit of the people, and the whole people, but to advance the bape and selfish aims of itself, or rather of its leaders, then 1s such a party, whatever may be the aie name it may assume, highly detrimen- tal and dangerous. I ama whig, warmly attached to the party which bears vhat respected name, from a thorough persuasion that its principles and policy are best calculated to secure the happiness and roeperity of our common country; but, if T be- fi otherwise, it I were convinced that it sought or individual aggrandizement, and nojt the public goo :, 1 would instantly and forever abandon it, whatever might be the consequences to mysell, or whatever the regrets which I might teel in se; rating from veteran friends. 3 My opinions upon great and leading measures of ublic policy have become settled convictions, and + Tam a whig because that party seeks the establish- ment of those measures. In determining with which of the two great parties of the country, I ought to be conuected, J have been governed by a full con sid-ration, aud fair comparison, of the tendgney o! ther respective principles, meusures, conduct ano vieys. There is one prothisent and characteristic iMférence between the two parties, which eminent- Hy distinguishes them, and which, if there were no other, would be sufficient to decide my judgment. And that ia, the reapect deference uniformly displayed by the ons, and the disregard and con- tempt exhibited by the other, to the constitution,to & _ the Jaws and to public authority. In a country, wi a free and self-governinent is established, it should be the pleasure, as it is the bounden duty,of every citisento siand by and uphold the constitu- tioa and laws, and support the public authority; be- cause they are his coustitution—his laws, and the publie authority emanates from his will. Having concurred, by the exercise of his privileges, in the in of the censtiution, and in the passage of @,Any Outrage or Violation attempted of either “foughtto be regarded as an oflence against himeelt, an offence A pp the majesty of the peuple. In an «rbitrary and absolute government, the subject may tave aoine excuse for evading the edicts and ukases of tne monarch, because they are not only promul- ated, without consulting his will, but sometimes sgainst the wishes and the interests of the people. a that-species of goverament, the power of the onet enforces a reluctant obedience to the law th a free people, the fact that the laws are their ‘awa, ought to supply, in @ prompt and voluntary ly to the support of the yablis authority, a force peacefu pore powerful, and more reasonable any derivable from a mercenary soldiery. qt ceric A e4 intention or desire to do the justice to the party to which I am opposed; think that in asserting the characteristic differ” between the ee which I have done, | borne out by facts, to some ef whieh,only, ‘occasion, can | refer, and these shall all be recent nature. first, to which I shall call your attention, occurred during the present session of Congress, variety in themode of nen, members to House of Representatives of the United States, some being chosen by whole States, and others by separete districts, waa long a subject of deep and eral complaint. It gave to the States uneqnal iu. ik og ld ot bag hg hw crm or w Ham , for example, by a general ticket, the,elee 5 -s securing tion of ite members to the House Price Two Cents. NEW YORK, SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 29, 184 nd prosperity, and encouraging nation, ought it net to be done * We are invited, by the partizans of the doctrine of free trade, to imitate the liberal exemple of some g, of the great European powers. told, is abandoning her restrictive polie adopting the principles of tree adoptieg the pri are her corn law article of pnime neceseity nan lile—in order to eflord protec Andon the sirgle pe ‘The whole power of government is distributed in the Vaited States between the States und t is general and overnmen', all that i ‘The States cannot perform the du- Goverument, vor cught that to a pt PerlOIm, HOF Can it so Weil Execute, he trusts Confived We veut # National Army, @ National Novy, « National Post Office establishment, Na 1 Lowe leguisnng our foreign commerce #nd our tog trade; eteve wil, periaps, we want & National ‘The duty of supplying there National an OF sulety, Conve: IeLee wd pros eral govertment. or at 1 States con ne mere in consequence of the existence of manufacture: the labor of the| They create a demand for labor, which would not exist without them, and the employment of labor creates an ability to consume, which would not exist without it. can labor, employed in manufactures at home, sup- ply its consumption of European commodities, if it were deprived of that employment? of purchase would it possess? Itis in vain to point to agriculture; for every department of that is al- ready producing super-abundantly. questioned that the chief cause of the red price of cotton is the exces» of production. The price of it would rise, if leas were produced, by di- verting a portion of the labor employe tivation to some other branch of 1 t would fumish vew subjects of ex- ehange, and those who might embark aa those who would continue in the growth of cot- ton, would be both benefitted by mutual exchanges. The day will come, and is not for distant, when the Sou'h will feel an imperative necessity volunta- rily to make such a diversion of a portion of its la- bi Considering the vast water power, and other ities of manufacturing, pow was ing and u employed, at the South, and its possession, at home, of the choice of the, raw material, L believe the day will come when the cotton region will be the greatest manufacturing region of cotton in the and thus securing a heterogeneous m proceeded to form a new constitution, and to set Inthe mean time, the legi- timate and regular government proceeded in opera- tion, and prepared to sustain itself and put down the i proceeding. Dorr flew to arms and collected a military force, as irregular and hetero- geneous as his civil majority had been. But on she first approach of military force, on the part of the legitimate and regular government, Dorr took to his heels and ignominiously fled, leaviug his mot- ley confederates to tare as they might. Now, fellow citizens, what has been the conduct of the two parties in respect to this insurrection, one time, seemed to be so threatening ? believe, to a man, have disapproved and condernned the movement of Dorr, 1 has been far otherwise with our op) Without meaning to assert that the whole of them countenanced and supported Dorr, every body knows that all the sympathy and encouragement political party, might House, than ow Yerk, which, electing its members by dis " oo equal or nearly a members of both the parties ing to the general ticket system, it is impossible that the elective framehise can be exercised with the judgment as under the district system. ‘The elector cannot possess the same op- portucity, wader the one evetem as under the other, ted with and ascertaining the fideluly of the candidate for hi ing in one extreme of the to know a candidate -—- more powe: up @ new government. How could the Ameri- iInsurrectiona: © KOVErDMeDts Why, where vle- of free trade ! Those laws which exciude an bread which What means same discretion a It cannot be to English agriculture must be executed of American tobacco, Eoglaod levies apnuel y an amouat ef revenue equal to the whole amount of duties, levied annually by the United Sv ort trom all the foreign tw State, cannot be presume ng ata distenge trom him, perhaye at the other . By the general neket, the minority in « From these, ano other views of the sulyect, ut has been long a pa that there should be some uniform mode, beth of electing members to the ives and choosing electors et Vice Bepeutome- - well, some twenty years ago, when be “alinost unanimous last Whig Congress, #, and to correct the ba cem HY He dustry. This] ail the articles of 4 i rt Hens of the world, in her free trade ! ly seen a State paper trom one of ining in bitter termael Ue Any 1842, and ending wiih formally « id that Franee steadily adhered to the system of protecting French industry t Buy, fellow citizens, Lhave already cetuined you athis interesting topic, and yet Ll heve For near thirty years it hes ‘The subject has been ergued od debated 4 thy usand times, i every Concer Iva This time thet the pohey ot the country should become settled and fixed justment of it, Whatever ittimey be, will be far pre ferable to perpetual vacillation ned, Inbor, enterprise and commerce can ac vommodate themselves wecordi gly settling it, the interests of the whole Union, ae well as allits parts, sheuld be duly weighed ond cones a paternal wud trate: y consists of 26 States, embracing every Variety Of pursuit, ev of human industry. #, every where, I itwrives also out of the feet that er) neticns ot the world Lave their Erglend France, Austria, Russie, Wil the greet power of Fur pe bave their pauenat beaks. Mim sind thet money ie power ond thet 10 embocy and concentrate it ine bark a to crete w great ond der ger. But We may senrch the records of iste nee since the first intreduction of barking Insututions, of ay one of them baying « ly smothered In it, as well totic wieh enteriaine, heuneing to ihe wo and we shall fiud vo c And they have imroduced the subject into the pre sent House of Repres:ntatives. what they will do with it. rehend and teel what would be the effects and ces of Dorrsm here at the South, if redominant, Any unprineipled ad- have nothing to do but to collect around him a mosaic majority, black and whit aliens and citizens, young and old, male and f mae, overturn existing goveraments and set up new ones at his plea.ure or caprice! weurity for life, liberty or property, would remain, of a proceeding so fraught with contusion, disorder sod insubordinaion, were We shall see public cpinion appeared’ « You can readily com- upon this subject. 1 order to prevent the al inequality, arising oat of the diverse modes of electing members of the Louse of Representatives. wet requiriag that i shoult be unitorm This act was in ce ned in the consti- ch deelares thar searcely touched ut. agitated the nation. + guler aOmunistra reation of @ burk is tocmbed: venturer woul pied power, is net euch # power in the bards ot the Any stable ad- wed power in the Jorm of banking institu tons in the eeverel States, und in the hands of foreign gor ut it how can the commerce cf the d Stater cope aud Compete with the commerce of to- powers having national banks? strugeles whic The power of cotsuming manufactured articles being increased, in consequence of the domestic establishment of manutactures, by the wagrs of lubor which they employ, und by the wealth which they create, there is an increave uleo in the use anu consumption of cotton and other raw materials. To the extent of that increase the cotton grower is directly and positively benefitted by the location of manufactures at home instead of abroad. But suppose it were true that the shifting to a cer- tain extent, of the theatre of manufactures, fi foreign countries to our own, did wot increase con- sumption at all, aad did not augment the demand for cotton, there would be no just ground of com- plaint with the cotton planter, and the most that he bea matter of indifter All that would happen to him would # substitution of a certain number of American comers for an equal number of European cu 0 But oughtit to be, can it be, a matter indifference to him, whether any portion ot his f low-ertizens in the United ¢ prosperity or adversity? Ii, without prejudice to him, his own countrymen can acquire a part of the wealth which arises out of the prosecution of manu- faciuring industry, instead of the foreigner, ought he not to rejoice at it? Is itto him a matter of no ce that a certam amount of wealth, created by manufactures, shall be in his own coun- try, instead of being in foreign countries? If here, its influence and eflects will be tell, directly or in- directly, in all the departments of human business, and in’a greater or less degree in all parts of the country. It becomesa clear addition to the aggre- te weaith of the nation, increasing in resources, ud forming a basis of taxation and reveaue in seasons of war or peace, if necessary. But the advantage resulting from domestic manu- factures, in producing an American competition h the European competition, augmenting the supply of manufactured articles, and tending conse- quently to a reduction of prices, is not the sole ad- is. A double market is pro- yur chase of fabrics for consump- le of productions ot agriculture v superior is the home to any other market rditions of ita proximity, its being und our own control, and its exemption trom the con- n It has been argued, however, that we sell no more than we should do if we were deprived of the home market. I have shown that to be otherwise, The importance of opening new universally admitted. It is an object of i Tt we could open a new an express grant of United Sates, whi nes, places, and manner of hulding elections b ors, aod Kepreseatativer, shall be pre- scribed ia each State by the Legislature there: » at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as te the plices of With that reasonable, equal, ress, every Whig State, whose ture assembled in time after complied, and laid off their respective States Bat the teur States, tures, of Georgia, Whateaithly But in finally In the commercial tolerated und sanc- but, the Congress ma’ pot Isbor under greut 1 we had no bank We ali recolicct, a tew years ay be the policy of the Henk of England to reduce the price of our great southern staple, a order to accomplish That cbjret, He pobey of refusing te decount the notes one biis of any English houses ev gaged i the Americen Mo Bauk of the United States had been in exis t could beve adopted some measure of there wes none, and the Bunk of Eog- Then there is Repudiation—that dark and foul peoides Lerritorier, spot upon the American name and character— how came it there? The stain has been put there the democratic majority of the Legislature of Under special pleas and colorable prevexte, which any private man of honor and pro- bity would scorn to employ, they have refuse pay the debts of that State—debts contracted by the receipt of an equivalent expended wirhin the he whigs of that State, who are the prin- cipal tax-paying portion of the population, with remarkable uoanimity, are in favor of preserving ute honor and good faith by a re-imbursement of he debt ; bet the domocratic mujonty persists in refusing to provide for it. Lam far trom charging the whole of the demoeratic party with this sha vetul wublie fraud, perpetrated by their brethren in the Without the State, to their nooor be it said, most of them disapprove it, and within the State there are many honorable excep tone among the democrats. Other examples might be cited to prove the de- structive and disorganizing tendency of the char- acter, tendency and principles of the democratic party, but these will suffice tor this occasion. the systems and measures of public policy of the two parties are contrasted and compared, the re- sult will not be less favorable to the whig party. With the whig party there prevails entire concur- rence as to the principles and measures of public policy which it espouses. behold nothing but division and jes varying at different tim lind In respect to the tariff, while in some places they are proclaiming that free trade is the true democratic doctrine, and the encouragement of domestic industry federal heresy, in other parts insist that the democrats upon to protect when it was alleged to There may be an appare there is no real conflict’ between these dive reat istricts accordingly. with Democratic Legis sippt, Missouri, and New Hampshire, W, treated it with con neglect, and suffered the ciections for members ot the House of Representatives to proceed, in total rd of its provisions. This was a new spe jon, pot less reprehensible than atempted formerly im apoth + State, though admitting of a more easy and ‘That remedy waste retuse to allow the members, returned trom the four States to take their seats in the House of Representatives, which had no constitutional or legal nght to occupy at question the present House of Representa But it was new predicted. long before they assembled, coutidently predicte: that the members trom the four refractory States, would be allowed to take their seal tion and the law notwithstanding, Why was 1 so predicted? Was it not becaw trom the general character an nant party, in the House, that it would not hesitat, to trample under foot both law and _conatitution, if necessary to the accompliehment of @ party object? Accordingly, the question recently the members from the four And what, fellow citizens, process of reasoning by sonably expect or desire thar the ¢ mentof the whole should be administered, exclu. sively according to its own peeulinr opine as to advance only its particular interes regard to the opiaion or the interests of ell other hon govern land affected its 4 conform to the *, will you have bonks, merely is, that it would bi fk 4 » of Engiand In respect to the Tariff, there are two school» holding opposite and extreme doctrines. d ing to one, perlecttreedom in our toreign t with no or very low duties, ought to prevail cording to the other, the restrictive policy ought, on many articles, to be pushed, by a high and ex orbitant Tariff, to the point of absolute prohibition Neuher party can hold itself up a8 an unernog standard of nght and wisdom, Fuallibility is the lot of all men, and the wisest Know how litle they do ‘The doctrine of tree trade is a concession to foreign powers, without an equivalent, prejudice of native industry. equivalent, but in the face of their high duues, re- strictions and prohibitions applied to American pro- ducts, to foreign. powers, our rivais, jealous of our and anxious to impede our onward pro- jomestic industry 16 @ concession to our own fellow citizens, to those, whose ancestors shared in common with our ances- tors, in the toils of the revowution; to those who have shared with us in tbe toils and suflerings of our day ; to those whose posterity are destined te share with our posterity in the trials, inthe and the glories that await them. to those who are bone of our bone and fiesh of 0 1 flesh, and who in some other benefi e and are ready to make equivalent concession It is still more ; it is a concession by the whole to the whole ; for every part of the country possesses a capacity to manufacture, and every part of the country more or less does manufacture some pars have advanced further than others, but the progress of allis forward and onward. Again, I ask what is to be done in this conflict of opinion between the two extremes which! have stated 7 Euch believes, with quite as muck confi dence as the other, that the policy which he espouses is the beet for the country. right to demand that other national mati hies of the old world bave ink, clothe or house oursulves. be- monarchies pertorm these operations? my self the course of true wisdom, and of cammon sense, aw from ther arte | institutions, Whatever is good, wna ave whatever i bad. lawe regulaung trade, or an fe the monare rs are in a state of end civilzation, State of Mississi ited States upon cor eatest opposition to it? You a yesceeed of in formation, ed ‘The greatest op] os of the United States will be found to out of a foreign influence, end may be traced to the ank- «is avd brokers of Wall street in New York, who are wielding @ foreign capital, capital see, with growth, checks the prosperity, or arrests the progress of "Those who wield that foreign cepital, find that they can employ it to the b rdered state of the currency, and when uctuating und irre of the Union which need a uF sound and every where convertible in mand, 9 mych @@ you at the South end we in the West. It is indispensuble to our prosperity. And, if our brethren at the North and the bast, aid not feel the want of it themselves, aince it will do them no prejudice, they ought, upon principles ot sympathy and mutnal sccom- modation, to concur in supplying What is so essential to sand industry of other sections of (he Union said that the currency and exchanges have im- . apd eo they buve end a ly attriburatie to the salu ery ft of 1642, which turned th: But such is the en the constitu. tellow-citizens, perhops not which I happen to buve wequ was known, Foreign powers end fore whatever retards neouragement ot me up in the Nhe Dade. other party we traction—their and in different trom experienc: admitted to their seats. do you suppose was th which this most extraordinary result was brought about? Congress you have seen is invested with unlimited power to make regulations as to the times, places, aud manner of holding elections for representatives, or to alter those which might have been previously made by the State Legislatures There is nothing in the grant of the power, enjoins upon Congress to exercise the whol . Considerations ot ebvious convenience concur in leaving to the several States themselves, the fixation of the times and places of holding those 1 ate may be governed by senee of its own convenience, without tpjurious. cting other States. But it is different with the manner of holding ther it be by general ticket, If some States elect by wachanges are Ii is a concession vantage, great as that is i of the Union the ficial form, do alone to be relie: the country, and that the whig _ That is a great practicaland adm tion, in respect to which there is vailing among the Whigs throug Union, a degree of unanimity as ard are improvin Chis improvement 1 ma operation of thet of foreign trade in our favor and bucyancy of our populuti ty for the coutmuation ot this s lance of trade may take another direction, new revulsioLe trade may take place, seasons of distre raasment we must expect to this place, Ta that, each 1 have conversed with hundreds o notmet with a solitary one, Who dows not assent to the justice and expediency of the principle of a ta- efffor revenue, with discriminations for protection ion, fellow citizens, it is iny with the utmost freedom and sincerity, and with as little reserve as if I were ience in the State of Kentucky. | ea to this Subject the most impartial rate consideration, of which my mind is je eat nation ever hae existed, or can exist, which does not der ve withiv itself, essential supplies ot food and raiment and the I recollect no example to the t or modern time: ly did not itself afford all those supplies to ancient Nome, the deficiency was drawn gated provinces. merce encompasses mainly from the little the policy of all nations. market for 400,000 bales of cetton with eny foreign power, should we not gladly embrace it? Every one owns the benefit which arises out of various mark- All who reside in the neighborhood of large cities or market towns, are sensible of the advan- It is said that our manufactures absorb onl about 400,000 bales of cotton, which is a very sma part of the total crop. thrown upon the market of Liverpool, already over- ocked and glutted? It would sink the price far ia, France consumes also about It the market of Havre were closed, antity were crowded into the market of Liverpool, would not the effect be ruinous to the cotten grower? Our American market is growing, anoually increasing ; and, if the policy of the coun- "ty can orly become firmly fixed, the time wil! t, when the manufacture of tates will exceed that of I do not desire to see any market closed, I think it our true interest to But I believe it to be our indispensible duty to afford proper and reasonable peouragement to our own. But it must be borne in mind that, although cot- ‘on is by far the most important of our agricultural oreducts, it is not the only one. find « market for our Indian corn, it it were not tor the existence of our manufactures? We should My friend, Mr. Pettigrew, who sits before me, can find no market for his cort » because his neighbors, like him- elf, are occupied in producing it. with a good, sure and convenient marketin Boston ind Providence, and other northern capitule.— Where should we seek « market tor the flour, pro- vievons and other raw agricultural by our manufacturers? were destroyed, they would be employes hemeelves in producing cotton elections, that is, w! or by the district system. a general ticket, it gives to them an undue advan. tates which elect by The manner, therefore, of tions was a fit subject, and the only fit subject con- fer Congressional ie- ongtees had legislated beyond that, it would have overreached the convenience and But the dom Neither has his judgment shall excln sively prevail. What, again, 1 ask, is to be done? Ts compromise or reconciliation impossible 7 Is this glorious Union to be broken up and dissolved, ano the hopes of the world, which ave concentrated in its fate, to be blasted and destroyed foreve itizens, no! The Union must be preserved name of the people of this noble old state, the first to announce the independence of the Uni- ted States by the memorable declaration of Meck lenburg, and which has ever since been among the most devoted and faithful to the preservation of this Union; in the name of the people of my own gal lant state—and in the aame of the whole people of he United States, Lteel authorized to say, that this Union will not, must not, ehall not be dissolved {ow then can this unhappy conflict of opimon be imicubly adjusted and accommodated 2 Extremes, tellow-citizens, are ever wrong. Truth and i sound policy and » isdom, always abide int ile eround—always are to be found inthe juste miliew. Ultraisin is ever baneful, and, it followed, never fails to lead te fatal consequences. We mutt reject both the doctrines of and of a high and exorbitant tariff ofeach must make some sacrifices of their peculiar opinions. They must find some common grounc on which both can stand, and reflect that, if nenher has obtained all that it desires, it has securec something, and what it does not retain has been gotten by its friends and countrymen. very few whodissent from the opinion that, in time of peace, the federal revenue ought to be drawn without resorting to interna! basis for accommoda’ jon, and Let the amount, which is re quisite tor an economical administration of the yovernment, when we are not engaged in war, be raised exclusively on foreign imports, and in ad justing a tariff, for that purpose, let such discrimi nations be made as will foster and encournge ou own domesue industry, All parties ought to ve se nstied with a tariff tor revenue and discriminatic In thus settling this great and d turbing question, in aspirit cf mutual concessio. ind of amicable compromise, we do but totlow the noble example of our illustrious ancestor mation acd adoption of our present happy consutu: Tt was that benign spirit that presided ove iltheir deliberations, and it has been inthe sam pirit that all the threatening crises, that hi cen during the progrees of the administration of the ‘onstutation, have been happily quieted and ac- commodated. Nex!, if not superior, in importance to the que: ion of encouraging the national industry, 18 that o! i I do not purpore to discus the point, whether a paper rpresentative of the precious metals, in the other forms, convertible into those metals, on d: mand, at the will of the holder, be or be not desir- i I believe it could be easily shown, that inthe actual stare of the commercia world, and considering the amount and distributior of the precious metals througnout the world, suct aconvertible paper is indispensably necessary — Gut that 1s not an open question ole that no such paper should exist, itis not in the power of the General Government, under its pres ent Constitution, to put it down, or prevent its cre Such a convertible pape) bas existed, does exist, and ;robably will alway exist, in_ spite of the General Government. The twenty-six States which compose the Union, clain the ri. ht and exercise the right, now not to be con troverted, to autherize and putforth such a conver uble paper, according to therr own sense of thei If even a large majority of yntinue the use the paper woul: Does any body believe the lo- cal banking system of the United States is competent to meet ond previde for these exigenci wise government to anticipate and provide, as tar as pos- sible, for all these contingencies. It On thisinteresting ques purpose to address yo! It is the partof a tage over those olding elec. | before an au dishonesty adm: od, and frequently break, to the of the community. attended with michiet and some is the Jot of all buman institutions. steom is often attended with mort disastrous ces, of which we have hud recent melapeboly exwmp! But does any body, on that ace (0 discontinue the sgency of siesm power either tand or the water? -tbecomes our duty to merease vigila t the recurrence of sccidents question is, Whether the sum of the in-+ convenience of dispenting With them would not be great: er than any amouutol waich they a nany Dew charters that endeavor to provide tamed in the ‘ant of power, gislation. If But suppose that were 1 believe that no 1 am tar from 6 sconvenience, but thet The employ ment of necessity of the case. the present House of Representativee, ly aesumed, that Congrees could not execute a part of the granted power without the whole. cording to their logic, the major does not include the minor. In their view Government cannot exe- cute a part of a power with which it js entrusted, without itexecutes the whole of a power vested If this principle be true, when applied to ® rt ef the Constitution, it would be equally true ir its application to the whole conetitution ; but there are many paris of the constitution that never have never will be executed. Aud, rty, in the House he laws enacted below what it now is. means ot defence. contrary in ane: int, think of prope sing ‘ rom her subju Great Britaia, although hercom i, euppies hersell and under her mumediate Limited and contracted as it 1 nishes her with bread and provieons tor the whole year with the excepuon only of a few days; and her manuiactures, not only supply raiment and means of defence surplus for exportation to foreign countries in considering the policy of introduc: tablishing manulactures in our country, it has al ppeared to me that we should take # browse ing to seesons of war, well as peace, and regarding the future, as we the past aod the present o be measured by the st Bur it ws equally trae, both ot viduals, that, When It is Decemary, We Hust sub- mit to temporary and present priva ions, stor the sake of future and were true, #6 [ then not, that the encouragement of domestic me ‘oduce some sacrifices, they would and more than counterbainnerd , ‘The most thar is thought of i, that eo and multiply come, I have no dow cotton in the United ay be granted, we should @ ] possible restrictions, 6 nities oud gharanties againet then mismanagement, «hich Ce May stiggest jews of the question of establishing a ‘bey have been long, and honestly, and sincerely entertuiied ty me; but did not seek to enforce them Upon any others. not desire any Bank of the United States estabuisbed, tntes domestic or foreiga. sherteh and cultivate all been, and, probubl but afford «vast teuson oF exper if the doctrine of 1 of Representatives, be sound, a by Congress since the commencement of the go vernment are null and void, because Congress hus not executed all the powers of government with which it isentrusted. The doctrine, applied to the +pjoyment of private property, would restrain man from using any part of his property, unless he used the whole of it F The case of the New Jersey election with everybody. There, presented themselves at Bunk of the United States. exiensive view, le Where should we ‘The partizan: @od until, iti mperatively d+ mand- Ubelieve demanded it wii be, by the opinion of the National eaistenee is pot i 4 of sudividea! life sbeolutely have none. been glad, fellow citizens, if I bad ti rength, to make wiuli exporitio. of wy views »pinions Upon all the great measur divide us, und agitate our country. sappy to have been able to meke w full exemmation of the principles and mea ures of our of ponenta, if we could find out what they are, and contrast them with our own. nthem no sdisresy wound the teeli: id unaffectealy y which they a know what they oj po opposition to every measure which the Wh gs «spouse; out what are (heir substituies! he Executive power has, curmg the two lust and the present Admunistrations, t distus bed the balan 1m North Carolin But he meete Isbould hove been permanent bene fi ‘ashington, to take thei sp tgess seats, bore with them the highestcredentia s,under the great seal of tacir State, demonstr right to occupy them. declared an from foreign imports, roduce now con- If their present bu- t; would not us twctures would They had been regularly returned elected members of thr House of Representatives, by the regular author ties, and accordirg to the law of the State of New Jersey. Agreeably to the uniform usage,whieh had prevailed in that House fro the Government, and according to the usege which prevails in every representative body, they had + right to demand to be admitted to their seats, anc to hold and occupy them. which might exist against them, sheuld quently investigated. In the case of the four States ilready noticed, it was important to the interests of ‘he dominant party, in order to swell their majo: rity, that the members returned should be allowec to take their seats, although elected contrary t In the New Jersey case, it was important t« the dominant party to enable it to retain !t6 majo rit to exelude the whig members, although return. The decision, in both ency of party interest, iv constitution and law mutua! gatistaction. norant of the m wnxwus to pro} corn, provision-, woduce, thus augmenting the 'y leading to a further decline or seasone of peace Hit were true th whey of protection enhanced ‘he price of tities, it would be found that their cheapness, pre vailiog ina time of peace, whee the foreign supply might be open to us, would be no equivalent War, When that supply they tend in di he commencement ot The Whigs televe that {t has been contended that the effect of afloraing egal encouragement to domestic manufactures ts, © enhance the price of commodities, and to + tax upon the cou « thoasand times refuted lt has been shown again and again article, on which t as eflectually operated, hw: And this was the wence of that law of supply anc jemand, and that principle of com whch | have before adverted. ogo by myself end othertriends of the sis ym Vaio that we appeal to fact ke up article by article, and present with former prices, show the actual and he free trader has mountea hus hobby, and he has determined to spur and whi; nm on, rough shod, over all facie, obstacles anc mpediments that he in his way r day, | heard of nintelerably whe Of the Constitution, by its encroachments upen the coordinate bee 3 scome alarming ad ¢'therelore desirous to restrai nal and proper himits But our opponents, who assume to be riends of the peuple, snstain the Exec wildest and most extravagant excesses. vetoes, in all theie variety ; for aub-treanuries umies treasury circulurs Ooc uy) ying the similar gr und with the tories of England they stand up for power and srerogutive against pavilege and femocrats or republic xamples of all history Executive power. ’ ars were excited, and against that their ‘The tederalists of that on from the founders of the (tbe Executive w Government, rud hence they were cixpored to support But experience bad demonstrated heir error, and the best partof them have woted with And the whigs are now in the exact position f the republicans of jarger part of the ind they are now in the exe with this differ jearness in @ vould be cut o recollect the sufferings ot the soldvery and poyule wa ol the Uunted States vendence;: but history aad tradition wll us whe they were ; they inform as what ced, what discomtorts exvsted, what hardships inclad and unshod soldiers bore, were retarded or paralyzed. war, all of us, who are old env: snow ~~ aod wecessary clothing & me tained. And who does not feel conkeiour pride snd patriotic satisfaction that these sufferings, 1 any future wor, will be prevented, or gr by the progress which our in! already made. them wisely, moderately, « vered in, the day ternal resource: or pro ection, until any objection» This argument has beer during the war ot lade mphatically the nice ot almost ever 4 encouragement neen reduced to the consumer ves were sacrifi hat enterprive: Even, duri. g the lari h to remember it, t great cost, the of detence were ob arcemary co ! popular rights , taught by the fi 1s and distiustfal of artment that their It was foretold jong d according to law. was adapted to the ex utter contempt, beth o it is worthy of obzervation that, in the decision against the whig members of New Jersey, members who boast of being emphatically the patrons and hts, concurred in trampling under foot the laws and authorities of that State. Io connexion with the subject on which I am now addressing you, the manner of admission 0} Michigan into the Union is worthy of notice. cording to the usage which had uniformly prevailed prior to the admission of the states of Michigan ane 8 revious act of Congress was passed, authorizing the sense of the people of the territory to be taken, in convention, and regulating the elee tion of members to that bod: to citizens of the United States residing in the ter ritory. Michigan, without the sanction of a pre vious act of Congress, undertook, w thority, to form a constivution, an mission into the Union. In a that convention, a great number of aliens, aa wel nited States, were allowed t ices of many re- meatances, she It was of thet ¢ gradual reduction he national currency. he weakest bre orm of bank raging certainly, be perse We HOt distant Whea, resting upor we may be perfectly | oar Re ceseaty ign powers an know that, from ex defenders of State ri tnd atrengthen it It was but the oth ne of these free trade dealer: sddressing an audience, and depicting, in the most dawove aod doleful terms, the extreme burden out of the abom- mys he, fellow-citizens, every that wearsa shirt, is compelled to pay ix centea yatd more for it than you otherwise order to merease the enormous wealth Ao old man in the crowd, hebtaty dressed, and with searcely any thing bu «chert om, stopped the eloquent oretor, and asked tim how that could be? 1 good short om, that cost me only 64 cents per yard, sad Lehould lke to know how i paid a duty of 6 able and expedient ederaiista joiued owr opponents, wanta, and in this respect, put toreian wars at defiance treme suffering and the necessity of the case, ma aulactures, ia the long run, would ar hemaelven, « ithout an unaided intant and to walk ; but, in beth iw may be avoided from the kindoess of the pareutal b ‘The advantages armung from ¢ labor of the popalation of « eo much dwelt upon If it were desira of that doy far beyond th which they were ever carried by their pre But 1 am treepnesi must basten to ac! y he federal doctri hild would learn to rier, to stand. ork, BTEat distress too long on your patience, od . Dregret that | em much + xhauste ind have not time to discuss other ste engage the public attention xpress to you my vie y, limiting their choice ation and circulation. ld he very glad ws onthe public domain ; soften, on the oor of tie Senate and on other puble I cov aider it the commen nm her sole au sayshe, “IL havea demanded ad- ry are low man casions, Lully expored then ty of the nauon. Lerential to its preservation and of the funds which may eee ue from 4 Should be withdrawn from the theatre of party poli ;piations and abtse, inetient to it, w | think that fund onght to be distrib al princyples, among nil the States, If that be pot done, there # much at no very distant pe Considering the other al janstless resources of the General Govern solve of the public se equally manitest ly be produced by diversiied pursuse, cveatang suly 0, at home as well ae ebtoed ‘one portion of the population of a county be daged in the bueinem of Manaincturing, | mast de rive ite means of submeteoce from (he agrealiural ry menchange for them tal of thee mutue! (achangee ts ben. eficial to both parties aad Loe whele coamuy law, which regulars the prere of commodities, 19 that ot eup ly aod demend pply exceeds he demand, the proce felis, ithe jemand exceed the supply, the price tare aw will be found © mentation cf supply is beneficial to the customer lishing manufactures al supply ie created really aumitiad to be ctial to Consumption, i# the principle ef competion If Europe alone supply the Amerncan consarprion ot manatactures, Lurépe will enjoy @ mowepely io That monopoly, ies which ma be still restrete By the ease ence of manufactures im thr oited States, an additional competition mcreated, aud thisnew competitor en ket, contendi competitors. These ingemous and indefatigable theoris! only bold all fects and experience in contempt, but atterly veconm stent with themselves. 0 rave the alarm that the Tenfl would oat en end to all foreign commerce, aed thee dryveg up oer principal source of revenue ‘a importa, it would become necensar fect tases and jnterna! taxa thew predictions were falsified, and word to produce an abaadantreve- ground ; the Trew. the Tariff is the as citizens of the vote, against the earnest remo: : respective interests. sident citizens. ee the States were to resolve to disce of a paper representative of specie nevertheless be created and cireuated, unless every State in the Union ubandoned its ure ; which no body believes is ever like y to happen. the States ehould continue to employ and circulate such a paper, it would flow into, and be current in ther States that might have retused to eetablisl: And, inthe end, the Stetes which bad them not, would find themselves, in selt defence, compelled to charter them, I recollect, perhaps my friend near mo, Leigh,) it he be old enough, may also recoilect (roduction of banks 1m our native State. ved slowly and reluctantly the boy, to have been when a debate occur proposition, | think it was to renew (hi he first that ever w State—end it was warm) jects of excha i Under these ci applied to Congress to be admitted into the Union. No one questioned or doubted that she was entitled to be received, whenever she herself regularly and acco objected again: sumed te act agi it remains there wr time, they cade: ed, upon juat and liber products of the © her admiseion, that she had as- inst all usage, without the author- and that contrary to the Constitu- the United States, she had mitted aliens to partake of the elective franchise The danger was pointed out, of allowing aliens wo- naturalized, and without reuouncing their alle- giance to foreign sovereigns and potentates, tu share in that great and jn all objections were unavaili ty, under the hope of strengt) in spite of all irregularity, an law, admitted Michi nent, Fthink thet the pt lands may be wel pled by them to beneficent local jonaly managed, they will lighten the ation, the only form of raising rev ) resort, wid assist in the pey ment of their tebta, or hasten the completion of important objects, in Union, as well as themselves, are inter= i overflowing systein mast be had have taken the trow ary, eave they be iavanably ive te mequire, they inight England is the i the world, iw she nevertheless «hich the who! m the Uenee ot manutectanag imable privilege. —the dominant par- ning their interests, in contravention of nas a State into the Union In intimate connexion with this case, the subject of Dorriam may be noticed. Rhode Island had av existing government of long dutation, under which tion had lived happily and prosperousiy It had carried her triumphantly through the war oi the revolution, and borne her into the ot the original thirteen independent sovereign states Under the operation of it, the people of no State ir the Union, in proportion to her population, had dis ed more valor, patriotism and enterpri not find his ambitious aspirations sufficiently gratified under this venerable government, and he andertook to subvert if. that every people have a right to alter, modity and change their government whenever they think pro- pet—an abstract principle which, with caudous li mvations, may be true—without consulting the ee tablished government and the public authorities, he undertook to beat up for recruits, to hold irregular elections, at which persons qualified and unquali and living, were pretended to have voted, banking system On theaubject of abolition, Tem peranaded it a not ne ve word te this enlightened essembiage. s fully expressed in the Senate of the Uni go, andthe expr not receiving the nomd- esidency in De ates, an addity other principle, wt revenue from A‘low me te present you, fellow citizens, with thom ince resting subject eTameat Wishes to derive «certain amount of reve- nue from ferega imports Legislature on charver of a bank stabiiehed in that another view & 1 vation aa A candidate for the 1899, But, it there be any one who doubts, or desir: “brain farther iaformation about my views, in respect 'o inate question, Ireter him to Mr. Mendenbell, ut Richmend, Indian ve, fellow citizens, that brighter day "All the exhibitions of ations of the public winblace deceive 4, hernell surroun 4 that she was sulject te eh wer, will be Let us suppote the total of emperte to be $100,000,000, wad the total senna! amownt of reveaue to be ramed trom be 92, le et at all matenal whether that $20,008,000 be spread. on the form of duties, equally over the © bole 100,000,000, of that it be drawn trom ome 50,090,008 of more of the imports, leaving the lo pownt of fact, euch subject to the con rope ; bat it weal ded by States that had banks, all their inconveniences, whatever they ed to establish banks upon @ mo cordingly did esta ing powers, to #e 0 from auch mpted, at thut per cipal banks with branch re to hersell whatever ber The same necessity thar tod, the legislation of Virginie ¢ States having no banks. but ad therefore, tha lish two prin tor it with the previews Keropean he resuit is, aM increane in the ag te of supply, and a consequent reduction of Wwishes—this spontaneous and vast and the memorable event® of (S40 are ing to be renewed and reenger rent tree of duty! the case (or several years towed, for the duty pard apen one ariicle, by the raemption trom duty ot another arucle * apperel et « snaie ied. vidual, and suppose compensation always will b re often rivals, not only octing with out concert, bat in collision with each other, sertect knowledge of the general condition of the rculation of the United States, or the state of our monetary relations with foreign powers. consequence must be, irregularity in their movements #inthe currency, and frequent co of local banke, under the au ol ot the resp: Bank, under the employed to briny They attribute, their lons of Jar mectings aud p he use of log cabins, the whig rong ich preceded the event of deceive themselves play of buman nature, All of the campaign. general convie- Aby adear bought measures and men wee vr But it has been a |, thet the fabrics manulec in America take the place only of so many had been before manufactured that there i# no greater Consamplion In consequence the home maoufacture Asserting the principle ence to the popu xhibition of coons, wh y j out coarequence to hun whether you levy the whole $2 © «ih parte of hue wearmg apparel equally, or ¥ upon his cont aad his ehirt, lea The ineviteble thaa would disorder and uneoundn itself was produced by that a change of bot to the consemers, you an rane up, cherie tain domeste maaulactures, increasing the wealth [ think this is aa extremely ecoatracted aad falie- cious View of the subject.