The New York Herald Newspaper, April 8, 1844, Page 2

was—! ‘hatever 4 akg there for whatever! to in Lindebted—bt the very Fret pocothoe of this principle brot me into conflict with that dear one. There, methought, there was duplicity—1 asked myself, is there no Liberty in society, dreadful experience soon forced it upon me that there was no liberty—no liberty even for a boy, (great sensation.) fut yet T resolved to consecrate myself to the great cause of human freedom,(applause and “bravo”from Bris- bane.) But when | looked through the whole his- tory of the human race, I saw that my own ae ence was but a type of universal experience An never, uotil | met with the works of Charles Fourier, did I'meet with any explanation of this curious mystery of existence. And he explained it to me. He showed te that society universally did exist in this state of duplicity; that there was no harmon, betweem man and man—no true harmonic devel- ment of the passions, and that this passion fi liberty, se glorious and eautiful in itself, bag onl: ‘asserted in our present state of society by Sailor self-sacrifice. And he taught me how men could be brought into new relations with each ether, and how, with unity of interest, would come universal harmony and universal liberty, (cheers.) I will not detain you longer than is necessary mere- ly to refer to one personal illustration of the bless: ings of Association. Not long since, my friend Horace Greeley and I were engaged bip-and-thigh in a fierce battle at the Tabernacle on the subject of a tunff, Cinnabar.) But now here we are per- fectly reconciled, (cheering and laughter.) Thus m Association there is a perfect at-one-ment—no arrelling, no fighting, no differences of opinion. cheers.) Then came the next toast : The Hope of Universal Peace—Foretold in the oracles of Prophets, announced in the song of angels, illustrated in the life of Jesus—May it be speedily and triumphantly realised in the establishment of the Combined Order among the uutions of the earth. Air—" The Washing Day.” On this Mr. Cuanning made some remarks, addu- cing a» an instance of misdirected and blind enthu- siasm, the case of the Monk who planted a dry stick in the sand of Egypt and watered it every morning with a pail of water, in derision of all hu man labor; and related an anecdote of an aged Monk, of the order of the Trappists,who was much struck by the superior sanct'ty of a young brother, and strove to ‘catch the order of his sanctity;” he ‘was in the habit of following him about every- where. One day he missed him, and on going to the burial place of the order, found his name ona tombstone and made the discovery that the dead oung saint was his son. In Association there would be no such misdirected enthusiasm—all would be applied to produce the grand harmonies of the com- bined order. (Cheers ) Mr. Rievey—the man who had a thought— made sume remarks on this toast. At present there was no such thing as a ‘“‘whole man”—there were only hands, arms, legs, hearts, tongues, all develop- ed, and all jostling and fighting with each other. (Cheers.) If you went to a factory or workshop, the question was not,how many men have you got? but how many handy? (Cheers.) Cuanninc.—‘‘A man’s a man for a’ that!” (Cheers ) i Oe Riptey.—Yes, before God, if he retains his in- tegrity. (Chrering.) ‘The Owarrman here announced that volunteer toasts were in order. _ Mr. Magonceutt said he had proposed a toast, but Mr. Ripley had said all he wanted to say, and he therefore begged to be excused. A Mr. Cowxs was then introduced as the ‘‘Peace- maker” of the association. Mr. C. was formerly agent of the ‘Peace Society.” He is a_man of considerable talent and a good speaker He said— I saw not many days since a painting of Columbus applying for aid to prosecute his discovery. He was before his sovereign, and in the presence of the assembled nobles, was pleading for aid. could almost hear him speak. I could almost fancy that I heard him say—‘] know far away in the ‘ocean there lies another country—give me means to discover it. and enlarge the boundaries of the earth!” But whilst he spoke some folded their arms in perfect apathy—some smiled with scorn But the soul of Columbus was altar off. He saw this greatland—he saw the waves of the ocean beat upon its shores—he saw mighty rivers tumble over rocky barriers—he saw its mountains tower- ing to the sky—he saw its broad territories stretch- ing from pole to pole. (Cheers.) And with like faith did the good citizen of the world regard the future fortunes of his race. He saw that the hour ‘was on its way when all mankind would be knit in the bands of universal happiness and peace (Loud cheers.) Mr. Gopwin remarked that it was a curious co- incidence with the illustration of the last speaker, that Fourier bad in his last work compared himselftoColumbus. Mr. G. then went on to com- pare the prese at prospects of association to the tokens of approaching land which cheered the drooping spi- nits of the crew of Columbus. The friends from Brookfarm were the birds, and those from other places the flowers that floated on the waves (cheers) {Here Baispang, starting up as if from a dream, called out, ‘ Three cheers for the promised land!” ** Bravo ! bravo !’’ shouted one wild looking man. (4 Three cheers for the Canaan,” roared out ano- ther. “Three cheers for the New Jerusalem !” called out a third. i : “Take the time from me,” shouted Brisbane. “ Hip, hip—hurra-a-a—hip, hip—hurra-a-a—hip,hip —hurra-a-a.”” - Mr. Riri.zy—Our friend has compared us to a bird. Well, it is true we have a good deal of sing- ing, though not a great deal to eat, and we have very small nests (laighter.) Our most appropriate emblem is the not very beautiful—the not very magnificent, but very useful and respectable barn- door fowl—for we all have to scratch fur a living ' (roars of laughter.) Parke Gopwin—There are barn-docr fowls that crow a good deal (renewed laughter.) Here there was a short recess, a breathing time, but it was soon interrupted by P Avost.e Brissane, who started to his feet and said—The spirit moves me (sensation.) I will give a toast—* The love of our race above all other loves” (cheers.) We have duties—first to God then to Christ, then to Fourier. On this contineut, also, a noble soul who has worked nobly in this cause—I want to come to individuals—there is a man here amongst us—the son of a poor farmer, who worked and toiled in the rude pursuits of industry. But he was en- dowed by nature with a great and noble mind—a mind of heavenly friendship—a mind that loved heavenly truth. That man was first a printer's devil—(great cheering)—bound to set up types—he toiled in the foul swamps under the cursed honds of civilization—(Cheers.) He came to New York, and by superior industry, energy, and trust in man, he now stands at the head ot the American press— (tremendous chee1ing)—that man—(‘twho? Horace Greeley?”)—yes, Horace Greeley to be sure—we all know him—(Cheers.) That man to whom the American laborer looks for protection against pau- per labor, and against the, crushing capital of Eu- rope—that man to whom the greatest politicians look for support—that man admired for his coneci- entiousness and love of justice, by the United States, friend and foe—having known these grear truths,came forth and advocated them boldly, fear- lessly and nncompromisingly.— (Creat applause)— Opposed by his ew: friends more than by his ene- mies—self interest always counselling him other- wise—but no, he felt that wielding ‘hie immense publicity, he owed a duty to God and maa to pro- claim these great truths; and my friends, he has alone fought this great battle in the United States, whilst democrats, and whigs, and christians have opposed Him. But not party—not self-interest —not prejudiee—not calumny—not ridiule—no- thing could prevent him from_ spreading upon the worldthe great truths of association. (tremen- dous applanse.) And I do say that aswe should dove God, and Jesus Christ, and Fourier, we should love Horace Greeley! (rerritic applause.) He has done for us what we never could have done. He has created the cause on this continent. He has done the work of acentury, Well, then, [will give “The love of our all other loves,” and now I say, “ONE CONTINENT AND ONE MAN.” This was drank with indescribable eathusiasm, shouting and clapping of hands, till the com: vany appeared on the verge of frenzy y Horatk Greeiey rose to return thanks, and the applause was renewed with tenfold violeace. He said: Tam too anwell te-night, or rather too wea- ried by incessant tuil, night and day, to speak, and besides,I hive beea too much depressed by the ex- travagant ealogiam of my partial friead on iny right Yet f cannot help acknowledging, with grateful fevlings, this reception. know you will pardon whatever 1s extravagant in what he haa said, be- cause Lhave loved this cause and the human race in this cause,and labored, therefore,for it. (cheers.) Not so much as could wish—not so fully and heartily, for 1 have also been obliged to consider not how much good I might do by Saying nothing else, but by advocating what ap- ‘peared in other ways of duty also good and wise, and how much I might be able to commend this cause by exhibiting whatever industry and ability L could in other re works (cheers.) [believe ‘Yhis cause to be of the noblest and wisest, and in after time, wlion all this of to-day shall have perish- ed into nothingness, when even the antiquarian shall have ceased to dig into the lore of this geae- ration, in order to discover what we were quarrel- fing aboutin making this and th President, ldo believe that then the wise and great historians who will remember when the little band of Fourier- ites met in this city to celebrate the birth-day of this great man. J say this shall be an era in his- tory. When all these excited strifes shall have passed away, with the men who go about saving the eountry from year to year.—(Cheers and laughter.) I don’t mean to speak irreverently of my friends, for it is not right to speak Tey of any earnest human endeavor. Any action which elevates man above own little, personal, selfish interest, is in the true sense, a sub! ac- ton; and even if it be but the coming out of shies hundred poor Trish. A their pillelahs, hammering away and knocking every per down for the good of the people, all through a most provoking mistake in the application of demo- mocratic principles—(roars of laughter)—yet | see in it devotion to great and Loeit principlese—(great laughter)—and that, in id of selfishness,we cannot afford to treat with any thing but respect.— (great laughter and cheers.) A man enthusiastic in even a bad cause is good—in a righteous cause of course, vastly better. (Cheers.) Iam ispired by it When I see three or four hundred people geting sogather and lifting up a liberty-pole in onor of they know not what, a great many of them, and even some of them getting down to suck beer out of a hole in the ground in honor of some great public principle—(Shouts of laughter.)—al- though that is not my way, yet | am glad to see in ane way devotion to human liberty manilest itself. (Cheers.) It was actuated by these views then. that after getting through the great work of saving the country in 1840—(great laughter)~ 1 did sit down,*as { had promised to my friend here, and read his book. I said 1 would do so after {had saved the country, which Ithen did much to my satisfaction—(laaghter)—hoping that it would not need saving again for some years to come—(roars of laughter)—in which I found mayeale bitterly dis- appointed—(renewed laughter.) ell, alter read- ing three chapters, said this is just— there is a great deal to be seen which [ am either at a loss to understand (much laughter); he might have written a little plainer for a simple man like myself (roars of laughter); but still in this Ido see the uignity of labor. I see that the moment that man comes and takes his plough with such reve- rence as does the Emperor of China, when in the spring he goes out and turns the first furrow in the pessanice, of thousands of his people, that moment labor is as it ought tobe, invested with dignity— the act is then dignified and honorable, and must be attractive. I say then,that the moment I read the third chapter in that book, I was convinced of this. 1 saw that the right path must be here, although to my vision all the brambles and briers had not been yet cleared away. ad knowledge of some part of the way—faith for the rest. (Great applause.) Thad not time to study the whole science very closely, but L learned more than I can ever carry into practice in the world within one hundred years. But I said to myself, and so sayIto you all, follow out, as far as you can, what is made known to your own soul, and ina little while you will see a great deal more. When | took up this cause, J knew that] went in the teeth of many of my patrons—in the teeth of the prejudices of the reat mass—in the teeth of religious prejudices—for confess I had a great many more clergymen on my list before than | have now, as I am sorry to say, for had they kept on, I think I would havegdone them some good. (Langhter.) But in the face of all this—in the face of constant advices, ‘Don’t have any thing to do with that Mr. Brisbane”—I wenton. ‘Oh!’ said many of my friends, ‘‘con- sider your position—consider pour influence.” s Well” said I, ‘*1 shall try to do so, but I must try to doa little good in the meantime, or else what is the use of the influence.” (Cheers.) And thus I have gone on, pursuing a manly and at the same time a circumspect course, treading wantonly on ne man’s prejudice—telling,on the contrary ,univer- sal man, I will deter to your prejudices, as tar as I can consistently with duty, but when duty leads me, you mus; excuse my ‘stepping on your cornifit will be in the way. (Cheers.) Going on in this way, I have found this truth, which J think valua- ble to all, if any need it, as I trust none do here, that in the very fact of your being able to defy public opinion—1 mean to act independently of its dictates—in that particular is your power with public opinion; and when the world shall know that you dare do anything in spite of its opinion, provided that thing is Fight, that world, little as it suspects the motive, will re- spect the courage of the act, and will generally al- low you to go on in your own independent way (cheers.) I have lost some patrons—I know I have —more, perhaps, than ] have gained—but no such loss as 1 contemplated, and willingly risked,when I engaged in this cause, and this, it will be recollect- ed, in the face of conservatism, and that I, more- over, yet advocating such radicalism in its face, m: loss has been far less than I anticipated. (Lou cheering for some minutes.) Mr. Kipvey here remarked, that after Mr. Gree- ley had saved the country once more by putting Clay into the Presidency, he hoped he would then take to turning Clay into bricks (loud Jaughter.) Mr List then made a furious onset on the judges and constables of Philadelphia, whom, he said, he had to bribe in order to get some poor devils out of their clutches. ; E Hoaace GreELey again rose and said he had for- go to give his toast. It was, “The memory of the early American friends of Associ- ation—Manesca, Gauvin and Graham.” Drank in solemn silence. : The health of Parke Godwin was then proposed and drank with great applause. Mr. Macpanret, after some remarks, gave— The Chivalry of Peaceful Unity —Inspiring all men, ani- mating all nations, joining the human race ina solid “Phalanx” of Brotherbood—it will avon enter upon a cru- sade of Love, which will conquer false philosuphy, con- quer national indigence, conquer spurious civilization, triumph over evil, redeem “the promised land,” the land of Canaan, and transform the earth into the Kingdom of Heaver Dr. GRANGER gave— To Fourier—To him who has wished the haj the human race and given the means of realising same—l'o him who has wished Christian charity to be no longer an utopy, but rendered facile this divine precept— “Love thou thy neighbor as thyself” Ifthis banquet has charms for us, it is above all for its being an emblem of that more splendid feast to which all the world is invited by Fourier; for we do not ask luxury and pleasures; no!— but, like our master, pioneers of tuturity, we ought to re- aign ourselves to privations, sacrifices, long and_ teilaome 1 ill Fourier with his high intellect easily might large share of civilization’s precious gi as worn out his life for the benefit of p rity —posterity shall ever bless his name. To Fquner— —the benetactor of the human family. Letters of apology for non-attendance, were then read from Mr. Wikoff and the Rev. Mr_ Bellows. They politely apologized on account of prior en- gagements. A letter was read from the Rey. Dr. Dewey, declining because he ‘did not wish to have anything to do with Fouriensm.” This elicited a storm of groans and hisses. The following letter from Bishop Hughes, was then read :— New Yorx, April bth, 1944. Sin—Ihave to acknowledge the receipt of your kind invitation to attend the celebration of the birth day of Charles Fourier, to be held at the Apollo Saloon, und al- low me to return you my thanks fur the honor you have conferred on me, and which, owing to the muny engage- ments of this week, and pecially Of the eve of Easter, I obliged to decline. I yetfeeldeeply the necessity of melioration of the social condition of mankind, and whilst | cherish the > shes towards all who are de- votedly engaged in « flort for the attainment of an ob- ject so desirable, Lam sure th Liberality of your As- sociation will make all allowa for difference of opin- ion, with regard to the best mode of accomplishing it | remain, with respect, your obedient servant, JOHN HUGHES. Bishop of New York. ©. Macoaniet, Esq. ek letter was received with tremendous ap- plause Butssane—I propose the health of Bishop Hughes with three cheers.—Hip, hip, hurra—hip, hip, hur- Ta—a—a—a. Cuanninc—Hush, hush—do you know that at this moment in Europe the sun shineson the birth day of Fourier? (Great sensation.) (The 7h of April #8 the birth day of the great philosopher, and as it fell on the Sabbath, his disci- ples celebrated it on the 6th.) Cuannina— Yes, ic is now nearly to-morrow here. Tam about to state a remarkable coin- ce, which allmay not perhaps know. It is this—ihe birth day of oar master happens to be the very day on which took piace the resurrection from the dead of our blessed—— But here the hour of midnight strack—the lights went out—Godwin was struck dumb—a sort of earthquake shook the building—the company seem- ed ull annibilated—and how carried out we hardly know, bat we found ourselves in Canal street, some distance from the back entrance to the saloon, with a strong smell of brimstone still present to our ol- factories. A friend who had gone with us to the festival, was at our side, and though one notto be frightened by a trifle, he seemed as much aston- ised as ourselves at the mysterious scattering of that curious company. The whole seene appeared as we stood in the dark street, to have been some one of those strange adventures encountered in the land of dreams. But in our pocket we found a batch of Stenographic notes, to be written out for the “Sunday Herald—elaborate evidence of the reality of the toasts and speeches, although shed- ding no light on the sudden and’ startling denoue- ment, «hich cut short what sounded in our ears as something too daringly profane. From Vera Crvz.—The John Barr, Hollings. head, arrived here yesterday evening in 3k days from Vera Cruz, reports that the U 8 brig Somers suiled from thet port on the aad inst. for Pensacola Che brig Bainbridge was waiting the arrival of General Waddy Thompson. She was y Magi 2rd Hatant ry to sail for Pensaco- A rumor h n in ci ta nm Meir prisoners were released, but it was wllerwensecne tradicted We have no other news by this arrival ‘Two of the Mier prisoners, Major Murray and Donald Smith, arrived here yesterday in the schoone: from VeragCruz ‘hey report that they are indebted tor their release to the interference of the new Biitivh Minis- ter, Mr, Bankhead.—N. Orleans Tropic, March 30, Feurter Convention.— Attack upon the Fou. rierites. SATURDAY—THIRD DAY. There were present at the opening of this day’s Proceedings about thirty persons, in the lecture room at Clinton Hall. The Fourierites seemed evidently much chagrined at the apathy of the New Yorkers on the subject of Fourierism; and expreased their deep disappointment and d: faction, as will be perceived by some remarks that fell from Mr. Dana and Mr. Wrightman. A large file of a French journal, called the ‘ Democratic Pacifique,” dated 29th of February, was distributed through the room. This paper is published in the French Capital, and is exclusively devoted to the advocacy of Fourier’s doctrine. It is entitled “ Journal des Interests des Gouvernments ét des Peuple;” and has for its motto, in Latin, ** Ut om- ” (Matthew.) ‘ Ut omnes sit:” (Joannes;) with the French inscription, “Uni- te sociale—Religieuse et pelle cere, aw travail —libre examen—electione.” This journal is perieeile independent, and attacks the Chamber of Deputies without any regard to party. ; The Cuairman announced the hour of masta had arrived; and wished the gentlemen to procee with the business of the Convention. Mr. Cuannina came forward and offered the 4th resolution, which he took pleasure in reading for the meeting. It was as follows: That regarding association not as an invention of hu- man ingenuity, but as a discovery of the divine order of society, we solemnly protest against retarding this provi- dential and humane movement, by premature, ravh and fragmentary undertakings ; and foreseeing us we do that success in enterprises requires’ disinterestedness, sagacity and perseverance, we appeal to the friends of our race, with the request that they do not attempt to establish asseciations until,lst—they have secured the co- operation of a sufficient number of men and women of congenial tempers-@evotedtfrom generous impulse and conviction to this cause of God and man ; until, 2d, They have maturely deliberated upon, and distinctly compre- hended the laws ef order, and the arrangements which justice prescribes ; until, 3d, They have actually at their command such ample capital as io preserve them from anxietios and risks; “For only when these conditions are fulfilled can there be realised that uttractive industry and abundant wealth and beauty, which are the foundations upon which the higher social and religious harmonies must bereared. Only thus can associations be succe: fully established. But we rejoice inthe assurance that when once established, they will act with even increasing power thoronghly to redeem the tens of thousands op- pressed by want and temptation, from their present mise- ries, which no superficial character, but only radical jus- tice can relieve or cure. He (Mr. C.) wished to say a few words in rela- tion to the passage of the resolutions which were to be presented; and one of them in particular, em- badiad the whole principles of association, which covered the entire ground upon which they had met; and may, indeed be considered the chief one in connexion with their convention, and it stood the sixth in the series. When that came up he had afew remarks to offer in relation to it, as it was to Bacormpany the address which roar intended to forward to the people of the United States. That resoluton viewed the question from synthesis to analysis—from principles to details, and had refer- ence to the union of man with his God. _It was in- tended to adjourn the present convention to the Ist October, when they contemplated holding another. In relation to the’establishment of town- ships, much detail was required; but they would §0 on progressively, step by step, until they would make the United States one uniform association; 80 as to unite all in one common bond of union and love, and which would put away the demon Cain that was stalking abroad in the Jand, and covering the world with sin and wickedness. To carry out the objects of the Association to their tull extent it was contemplated to send their friend Mr, Brisbane, to Europe. His untiring zeal and activity, his vast services, gave hima strong claim upon the friends of association in the Uniteu States, and the deep confidence they had in his moral worth and high capabilities, the gratitude they felt for his services, and the sacrifices he had made to work out the great objects ot association, would insure him the respect and attention of their friends in Europe. d The Chairman here put the fourth resolution from the chair, which was carried nem. con. A short discussion here arose as to the locality for holding the next Convention. , “Mr. Dana was in favor of Boston. The people of New York were not alive to this movement, and Boston would be a better place, as the New Eng- landers were more intell'genton the subject of As- sociation, and the neglect and utter carelessness of the people of New York rendered it imperative to hold it eisewhere. : Mr. Wricutman was in favor of Boston. Though he was a native of New York, and the vey paving stones were familiar to him— (laughter —theugh the Aldermen ot the city did not pay muel attention to the sweeping—(roars of laughter) —though he loved his native city, he was in favor of Boston, or some other locality where the prin- ciples of Association may be better appreciated. Here they were neglected—here, where they, ex- pected to find the classes which they sought to enefit—but the domino box, the chequer board, and the card table, had greater charms for these persons than their meetings had. Mr. Watson offered some remarks in favor cf a locality more central than Boston—more to the West—and hoped tosee this grand conspiracy ex- tended all over the Universe. Such was his ambi- tion, and such way did he determine upon. Mr. J. R. Smitu (who is, we understand, the painter of the Park) here rose and said, the gen- tleman who has last sat down has spoken of a con- spiracy. I believe, sir, your Association is a con- spiracy, such as would take from the working-man the wages for his labor, and then range and classity and give him but the poor crise of eating at the third table. This is just what you mean to do—to establish a sort of kid-glove aristocracy in the land and swallow up the bese man’s wages. I tell you, sir, that this is anti-Republican and contrary to the spirit and letter of our Constitution, which gives perfect fieedom to man, uncontrolled—untram- melled. Mr. Cuanntnc was glad that this man had come forward. He mistook the ee applica- tion ot the word conspiracy as used by his friend, Mr. Watson. It was a conspiracy to retorm the thousand abuses that had existed in the world, and which this movement was calculated to remedy.— Mr. C. here replied to the remarks of Mr. Smith, and in the course of his remarks went over the ge- neral ground of the Fourier doctrine and princi- pies. 5 Mr, List said he was glad that his friend, the working-man, had said what he did, and felt him- self called upon to make some observations in reply. fle thought it proper that he should do it, because born of poor parents and of the humble classes— left an orphan and in poverty at two years of age, and having had a thousand difficulties to encounter as he grew up, without a patron—because he would not stoop to solicit one—having worked at many branches of industry, and even on the farm. Before starting for this convention, he had left off his work to do so. He felt he should make a remark in reply. (Applause.) In the first place he differed from hieftend, and their difference was precisely asto the same facts—but upon a comparison cf noteshe hoped they would be agreed, The work- ing men had no feelings against this movement. On the part of the working-men of New England, he disclaimed the assertion of their indifference to it. He knew they felt deeply interested in the en rere vere engaged in, and well they might, if like him they had to labour 17, 18, or 20 hours a day, to win from some imperious mono- olist as much as would preserve life and health rom day to day. He associated in some degree with those who had been called the ‘Kid-Glove Aristocracy,” and he thought some mistake exist- ed in the application of theterm. It did not apply to persons there; he for one would refuse it, that was certain. He was glad to see a disposition to labor on the part of his friend. He wished to see every person so disposed. It was important that there should be efforts made to make it attractive; and he wished to tell his friend that although at present disposed to gain knowledge from every per- son, he pledged his word that he preferred the in- struction of the working man. hen he spoke of labor becoming general, he did not admit that any should be deprived of the full benefits of his labor, from its universality. Every man wants labor to secure health; and al- though they might retain their lawyers and doctors, ety and men of all classes, society would not debar them by custom, from liberty to labor— they would, in the improved state of society, rise in rebellion every day against any man who should restrict them from laboring 2, 4, or 6 hours a ht as might be necessary for health (applause). He was glad his friend made those remarks, for it may stimulate those engaged in labor to join us. He hoped if they appointed committees at the next Convention, in this city or Boston, they will en- deavor to get men who work for their bread, to be members of those Conventions. It they be willing to join them, he hoped to live to see the sey when objections of this kind will not be made. He was sometimes subject to make remarks which, from their great freedom, sometimes were mistaken, and gave offence ; he was about to make one which he would preface by asking pardon, if any did not approve of it. Ithad reference to Mr. Channing. A certain blacksmith in Boston attended the con- vention, and heard the eloquent effusions of our friend Mr. Channing, which, notwithstanding the manner in which they were regarded by Mr C., were those of a man willing to make the greatest sacrifices for the cause, The blacksmith wished to join them, and wanted at the time a sledge man, and aman to blow the bellows. He said it did not require a man of great sire! and al ab’ ve and, in fact, he could, with a little teach- ing, train any man to dothe work. I asked him how he would like to have Mr. Channing, and, ve him to hope however unlikely it a ed, he shot that at some future d have Mr. C. 10 work by his side. He (Mr. L.) wished to see the day when he would work side by side by the ho- nest blacksmith—have the benefit of his instruc- tions—and teach him in return, everything of mechanics or of labor he might know. His friend’s allusions about the three tables might have been spared. For his part he did not see any reason why twelve or twenty tables should not do as well as three. There was no partiality for that particular number,and he could not explain the grounds of the choice The object of association was to meke every man ener. his minimum of gratification. What was that? by it was far greater than what was now considered his maximum, (laughter.) It would put every man in possession of the comforts of life, peace and plenty, an elegant and trangul home, such as many did not see even in this city. Instead of curtailing our choice to sit at any table, high or low, Association had for its object to give us the utmost amount of freedem combined with enjoyment. If that gentleman, who objected to the three tables and the kid glove aristocracy, thinks he can, asan American republican, defend his conduct, he may; but he thought it was a fallacy,so long as we were able to secure 1000, or 3 tubles, asthey were better than the old frail ones which we every day saw, that would hardly support a substantia! dish, and most of them were troubled with none—to sit disputing about words, whilst they might procure that which manywere dying for want of (applause. ) He did not think the difference great between them and the gentleman, ifthey would only compare facts. He was glad he made the suggestion, for it might urge them forward, and cause them to emerge from the control of fashion (applause.) ; Mr. Smiru (the workman) said he did not think the explanation satisfactory. The reasons for dis- tinction ot tables were pretty much like those as- signed by the rich man who sees his neighbors starving next door. The working-man should be supported (cries of he is, he is) He could com- re Fourier’s system to be nothing super or to a French boarding house (cries ef you don’t under- stand it.) He thought they dare not disc uss the question (excitement.) Mr. L. Brown rose and said, they believ. d that all men were born free and equal on the soi, and their movement was to realize that equality—not for this alone, but for future ages of the world.— They were anxious for discussion, and to be heard in defence of their principles and notions of justice. They valued freedom, but not farther than it was just; and justice permits to extend her freedom in all that belongsto man. They did not want to per- fect similarity between men in food and clothing, but each tosatisfy his taste. He believed that that levelling system adopted in this country impractica- ble—as if a man could thrust his head through one of his capillary tubes. A levelling system, indeed! as if God did not himself make men as different from each other as the blood in his veins from the nervons fluid in his brain. The only plan which can secure it ia this system, which although not understood, was just as true as human physiology, although that was not understood. He would show from the economy of nature that the system was analogous. The blood was the circulating medium for the support of the system. Yet the bones—the nerves—the brain, &c., each, from affinity, select- ed its part and rejected the rest. Why should the hand be called on to secrete the blood the brain requires, and why should the head call the foot in- ferior, which gives us locomotion. Each part had its functions—its immortal functions—yet the sym- pathizers with all the rest of the vital system. He wished to suggest that any one wishing to under- stand the system of Fourier, must study both phi- losophy_an chology—for the human body was a faithful emblem of society, where all should be equally free to choose, protected and happy (ap- plause.) Mr. Brisrane said the charge of seclusion which was brought against them could be easily replied to. Their aim was to secure the greatest amount of liberty in conjunction with the greatest variety of choice. He maintained the necessity of pro- viding for the great diversity of taste, arising from age, habit, circumstances of various kinds, and theirs was the system the human heart requires. He denounced that system of ultra-Radicalism, called Owenism, as against the syumelry of na- ture, and said he regarded it as Utopian. They were not tenacious aboutdetails, and would listen to reason ; they felt bound to submit a system and not wait longer. The day would come when the question instead ot being how men would get the means of life, would be how they could consume them. Mr. Greexey next addressed the convention. He showed tothose who objected to Fourier Asso- ciation in providing for diversity of taste, from his own case, that it was wise to do so. He was, as was well known, a Grahamite, objecting to the use of animal food, and there might be numbers of others who would think it hard to have no choice. He expressed his great confidence in the final suc- cess of association, and in alluding to one on which he said he had spent much thonght, he de- clared he would not hesitate to pledge the earnings of the next ten years to raise money for its support. This resolution was then put and adopted. bru. Resolved, That in view of the vastness of the change proposed by Association, the ignorance in regard to it which still so generally prevails, the unfitness for its relationships and duties,which talse ordefective educatin has rendered #0 nearly universal; the infidelity, if not hostility of the great nas of those who now possess capi- tal or wealth; the necessarily inadequate pecuniary re sources of the pioneer Associations already commenced, and the certainty that much of waste both of efforts and means must attend the commencement of a change so mighty, we earnestly advise the friends of Association every where to proceed with circumspection and deliber- ation in all practical move nents, and whenever circum- stances shall not imperatively dictate a different course, to concentrate their cokes and efforts in the experi ments already commenced, in preference to undertaking- new enterprises. Mr. Greecey again addressed the meeting, pointing out the obstacles likely to arise to the pro- gressof association. Selfishness was one likely to operate ; " misrepresentation was another. It was but a short time since the “Courier and Enquirer” came outwith an account of a Fourierite estab- lishment, which it said existed in Pennsylvania, al- though the whole wasfiction—for none had existed there ; aad therefore he would not be surprised if they got credit for all the failcres which might at- tend the effortsof every society—Shakere, Quakers, Owenites, et cum multis aliis. They were deter- mined, however, to go onand awaken public opin- ion, if’ they could not the pockets ati thoseswiie would be seen buttoning them when any scheme for the improvement of the world was mentioned. (Laughter avd applause-) 6th. Resolved, That the name which in this first annual convention of the friends of association, based upon the truths of social science. ered hy Charles Fonrier, commend to those who through- out our community would co-operate with us, and by which we desire to be always publicly derignated, is the Axsociationists of the United States of America Wedo not cail ourselves Fourierista for the two following rea- sons : Charles Fourier often and earnestly protested in advance against giving the name of an individual man to the social science which he humbly believed to be, and reverently taught as a discovery of evernal laws of divine justice, established and made known by the creator. 2nd. hile we honor the magnanimity, consummate ability, and devotedness of this good and Wise man, and grateful: ly acknowledge our belief that he hay been the means under Providence of giving to his fellow men a clue which se lead us out from our actual scientific and so- cial labyrinth, yet we do not receive allthe parts of his theories, which in the publications of the Fourier school are denominated “conjectural” because Fourier gives them as speculations—becanse we do not in all respects understand his meaning, and because there are parts which, individually, we reject ; and we hold ourselves notonly free, but bound to seek and obey truth, wherever revealed in the word of God, the reason of humanity, and the order of nature 7th. Resolved, That with a solemn sense of our respon- sibilities as advocates of the cause of universal unity, with an earnest desire to secure consistent co-operation among the associations of the United States, and to pre- vent in the outset all possibility of those disunions among associations which waste the retources and paralyze the energies of existing society, we hereby declare that in our opinion the time h ed when it becomes the im- perative duty of the several associations in our country, which are based upon the truths ial science ax an- nounced by Fourier, to take measures for the immediate formation of # ion of association: among others should be—Ist. A com indnstry in each and all such associat tablishment of a system of int securing of harmon: tween the associations , 4th. The using as far as practica- ble for the benefit of all, the peculiar advantages which sof soil, location, climate, &c. ; oth. niform aystem’ of finance an {such may make the property of indivi- duals most available forthe purposes of association ; and os these objects can be most successfully attained by the adoption of articles of confederation, we recommend to all existing aswociations, Ist. Carefully and thoroughly to consider what arranges and provisions will be ne- cessary to secure these ends : 2nd To elect from among their members such persons as are best fitted to corres: ond upon the subject with other associations ; and 3rd ‘0 appoint and empower delegates to attend a meeting which shall Se held at some place hereafter to be appoint- ed by the executive committee on the first Monday of Oc- tober, 1844, for the purpose of deliberating and determin. ing upon the above mentioned anion. Sth. Resolved, That secepting as “ Associationists” do the law of groups and series as the Divinely appointed or- der for the organization of the township, not merely of this Jand and time, but of all lands and times ; and believ- ing that the true organization of townships in every na tion is the sure nud direct mode of establishing peace and union among all nations, we desire in this first National Convention to manifest our desire of concerted action with our fellow associationists in Europe. For this end we hereby appoint Albert Brisbane as representative from this body to conter with them as to the bis: mode of mutual cooperation,and we assure our brethren inEurope,that the ; 3rd. The all respects be- disinterestedness, ay and with our be grey pone has devoted If to ulge- tion of the doctrine of association in the nine tates, en- title him to their most cordial confidence. Through him we extend to them with joy and trust the Right Hand of Fellowship ; and may Heaven soon bless all nations with a Compact of Perpetual Peace. 9th. Resolved, That this convention adjournsto meet again in the city of New York ut such time next Spring as the Executive Committee may designate. And mean- while, for the purpose of giving efficiency to the means of diffusing what we believe to be truth glad tidings of leve throughout our land, we do hereby appoint, Messrs. Horace Greeley, City of New Yor! Parke Godwin, ” ‘Win. H. whanning, Albert Brisbane, Osborne Macdaniel, Chas. J Heropel, Frederick Grain, James P. Decker, ye D.», Oliphant, “ P. Maroncelli, * Solyman Brown, ag George Ripley, of Brookfarm, West Roxbury, Aloase Bt Wilsn, Jefferson C 20 M. Watson. Jefferson Co. Industrial Association, } New York. E. P. Grant, Ohio Phalanx, Belment, Ohio. An Executive Committee duri the receas of this convention, whose duty shall be—Ist, To edit the “ Pha- lanx” as the organ of the Associationists of the United States. nd, To receive, record and diffuse information in relation to oes Associations, and others which may be organized within the year. 3rd, To communicate all possible intelligence to those who in any part of the country may wish to unite practically with any associa- tions. “4th, ‘To arrange a system of concerted action with associationists throughout the United States, for the most thorough and systematic diffusion of social aci- ence and a knowledge of the practical details of Associa tion. 5th, To attend to any business which Assuciations may empower them to transact. A the remaining resolutions being successivel adopted, Mr. Channing, before the meeting ad- journed, made a few eloquent and devout remarks, and then closed the meeting by prayer. The President then declared the meeting ad- journed sine die. The announcement by the Presi- dent that the great Fourierite Convention had ceased to exist, seemed to excite symptoms of gravity if not dejection, on the faces of the learned members of the Convention. Jt was pleasing, however, and instructive, too, to observe the hap- py transformation which took place, when he cour- teously informed them that thia evening, at 74 o’clock, at the “Apollo Suloon,” Broadway, (we forget the number) the memory of Charles Fourier would be aay honored by a magnificent festival, such as would not be unworthy of that great man; and he hoped all would be prepared to do justice to the occasion. [From the National Intelligencer.] National Inatitu’ onvention, Evenina Session or Tuurspay, Aprit 4. The increasing interest felt in the meetings of this learned and scientific Convention, was again made manifest on Thursday evening by the attend- ance of a large and highly respectable audience of both sexes, all anxious to listen to the werds of wisdom from the savans who were toaddress them. Among the ladies who attended we noticed the venerable Mrs. Maaison, in whom increase of years have not diminished the charm which has always surrounded her, andto whom a spontaneous manifestation of respect was offered by those who sat in her immediate neighborhood, as she rose to take her departure after the close of the able dis- course of Dr. Nott. The exercises of the evening were preceded by music from the Marine Band. Atabout eight o’clock, the Hon. J. C. Spencer took the chair, introduced Dr. E. Nott, President of the Union College, Schenectady, New York, to the Convention, and announced that the subject of his discourse would be the origin, duration, and end of the world. From the great excitement which had be-n produced by the visionary specula- tions and abortive prophesies of Miller on the im- mediate destruction of the world by fire, the sub- ject selected by Dr. Nott was one calculated to produce great interest in his hearers. Nor were they disappointed. The subject was treated with distinguished ability, learning, and eloquence.— Even a brief synopsis of this discourse, to which all listened with profound attention and improve- ment, would be too loxg for our paper, and we regret that we have not room to give more than a hasty notice of the prominent topics on which he commented at considerable length, and with great research and eloquence. He spoke of the temporal nature of all earthly things ; traced organi- zation from its origin to things unorganized ; and contended that all proved that God, their creator, was a self-existent and eternal Being. The Bible declared that God created the heaven and the earth —and Nature responds, God created the heaven and the earth. After all other formations were ended he created man, the most finished specimen of created beings. He Aaceed at the accounts of the origin of the world bythe Chineze, and showed that those accounts had been found to be fictitious, and that their antiquities do not reach beyond the age of Abraham, while the chronology of the Bible stands uncontradicted. Dr. Nort then spoke of the agreement between the Bible and geology. Geologists have ascertained that man was the last created being, and holds the last place in the order of creation ; that the Bible and geology were in harmony ; that both agree as to the convulsions which have occurred ; and, asto the destruction of the earth by fire and floud, both are recorded in the Book of Revelations and of Nature. He then spoke of the duration of the earth ;— alluded to Miller’s predictions; quoted passages from the Bible in opposition to Miller’s inter- pretation ; contended that the idea that Satan was to reign on earth for six thonsand years, while Christ was to reign but one thousand, was unrea- sonable, and that if a day meant a year, his reign would be thre hundred and sixty-five thousand years; but his reign would be eternal, and he sup- ported it by passages from Scripture. He said that the Scripture declared that the heaven and earth were to wax old, &c.; but that, though great changes have eee enaneaceg nothing yet indicated that it had grown old. These changes have taken place at long intervals, but man was promised that as long os the sun and moon endured he should dwell in it. That the Book of Nature spoke of an extended duration, which was manifested by the coal formations, and which have been going on for ages to provide for the future wants of man; and that man is, therefore, destined to occupy his pre- sent dwelling place for a great length of time. He agreed that it wouldat last, however, be brought to an end: the Bible declares that the world will have an end, and Nature confirms the truth of this de- claration in language not less impressive and awful. How long, he asked, would those eterna! fires, vol- canoes, %e., which have been so alarming and dreadful, but, which were in fact safety valves, be kept open? Should they be closed up, and the crust of the earth rent open, destruction would follow. La Place, and others, he said, had described the destruction of a planet, which lasted for six months. What has been may be again, and our sun, moon and stars will be destroyed; but the Bible assures us that our planet will be rebuilt in new splendor and beauty. Dr. Nott then briefly considered a single Rate te between the Bible and geology, but he thought the difference not real. It related to the time, as mentioned by Moses, for the for- mation of the world, which be examined at some length He referred to coal formations, and said, some geologists had asserted that it would require sixteen thousand yea to form a bed of coal of eighty feet in thickness; and yet it has been ascer- tained, he observed, that a very brief period is em- ployed in providing those vast mineral masses.— Geology has proved that rapid changes frequently take place in the laboratoryof nature,and that effects have been wrought i.. days and hours formerly that now requires ages to produce them. He spoke of the absence of human fossils, and thought that, though they had not been found, it did not follow that they will not be, when the crust of the earth is more fully explored; and believed that further examinations in Asia, the cradle of nations, would throw new light on the subject. He then entered into an examination of the Mosaic account of the creation, and explained the various interpretations which had been given to the six days, which Dr. N. contended were periods of indefinite length.— On this branch of the subject his explanations were at some length, and we have only leisure to remark that the religious tone of that admirable essay was above allpraise. He urged the, necessity of con- necting faith with science; that it wasidle to place the world on the back of a tortoise; that a striking agreement existed between geology aud religion, and that geology and revelation moved hand in hand to a certain extent; that when nature was fully understood, geology would speak truth; and an undevout geologist, like an undevout astrono- mer, was mad; and that a strong affinity existed between religion and geology. Wr Notts conclu- sion was classical, beautiful, and impressive, and afforded great improvement as well as high gratifi- cation to all who heard it. Dr. Nort was followed by Professor J. H. AGnEw. of New York, on the Glacier System, or Period of Agussez, a new and somewhat extraordinary theo- ry introduced by M. Agassez. Mr. A. explained very briefly this theory, which, however, we thought too deficient in facts to make many prose- lytes. The exercises of the evening were closed with this essay. ‘The interesting papers so far read before the In- stitute by its learned and ecientific friends, would furnish a valuable addition to American science, and we hope that funds enough may be raised to publish them. iL Fripay Mornina, April 5.—The seventh meet- ing of the National Ingttute, this morning, was attended by a large aNd select audience, among whom we were pleased (0 see ieey ladies. After the usual prayer by the Rev. Dr. Bacon, President of the otamb in College, the chair was occupied by the Hon, ‘Benjamin F. Butler, of which ia & corresponding member of the I: Professor Locke, o! Magnetism, t of Lake Superi lecturer began t tute in be- alf of the interests of the West, so that correct ht be collected at Washington for| e ers of Cengress and others, in re- lation to the navigation of the Western waters, and climate, Seograply, &c. of that grow-| t! tu le then went on to Give a very vivid and interesting description of hi A paper was then read, Ofaclonati, on the meter scene 0! ie vicinity. "The learned essay by urging in strong terms the nce of fostering the National information mi; the use of mem! the geology, ing section of the Republic voyage to the upper part wr of Lake Supe: topics! and geographical appearances of the sho by vet executed di biecare wigs genes | -exec: iagrams and paintii repares i, men of this inland sea and its nt pencil! wy the ele, of W. Fleischmann, place, » under the superintendance of Dr. Locke. by Professor W. A. Norton, of Newark, Delaware, Sith r on the deducen ihe " a jation the bodies of the system from his theory, and broached anew one in respect to the latter motion ; suggest- ed that the comets might encounter ‘the solar| system in its motions through space ; explained the zodiacal light, and gave a theory on the subject of| the aurora borealis, and a new explanation of the fact that the light of the stars is not obliterated in its passage through the tails of the comets. The ingenious leoturer concluded his essay by showin, ‘ ical structure ¢ the earth was in accordance with this theory. Dr. Locke was succeeded nebular hypothe motions © The lecturer the rotation and transl that the mineralogical and geol Capt. W. H. Swift deli d b] entitled “A description of the bese fine ‘i the coast of the United States,” which we cannot attempt, strictly mathematical and scientific. He was followed by Dr. Sewall, of this city, with an essay on the design and utility of the medical nal I We regret that the worthy and distinguished leeturer, owing and a wish togive plac upon Th } n the Doctor propoged as proper subjects for the inquiries of the. department, of which he isan active and useful member, precludes further note at eur hands. h t having arrived, the Chairman dismissed the assembly, to meet to-mor- y Grund will have an oppor- tunity of delivering the eseay, which, from the sub-| ject matter, and the high literary reputation of if author, we doubt not will be found attractive anw department of the National Institute. to the lateness of the hour, for his gifted successor, felt himself called to curtail and condense his interesting paper. number of the medical points wllige The hour for adjournment row morning, when Mr. interesting. The Blind Bride. ‘Thou seest me not, my own d: ar bride ; Yet bnght thy smile, my As when we sported side by Or mingled in our play ma ‘Thy step, as then, is light and free, yy stirrup firm and fearless still : Such power abides in constancy Of faith and hope, and steadfast’ will. 1low'd thee then, my heart’s first joy, I love thee now, and tenfold more Than when the sadden’d stripphing.- Left thee and thine, and England's shore. One lingering gaze behind I cast! Thy young eye watched me frem the hill ; oO deemed that look thy last ! But here thon art, and dearer still. Thy mind’sa kingdom in all my own ; d like the lark, a muorning air, Thy playtul veice whose minstrel tone Bi ana amy a) SVery. cere e peace which purehigh thoughts impart, Mleiseenta; tie povnd ig horns eth Are thine—and more than ail, a heart That beats for thee and feels thy worth. ‘What though alice unmark’d by thee The moonbeam ond the noontide ray, *Tis mind, and heart, and converse free, Turn gloom to joy, and night to day. Then cheer thee, love : where’er we go, My step, my thought, shall wait on thine : ay spirit, tried in weul and wo, ly Esperance, shall strengthen mine. Prophecy of the Twelve Tribes. The Patriarch sat upon his bed— His cheek was pale, his eye was dim ; Long years of woe hod bow'd his head, Aud feeble was the giant limb And his twelve mighty sons ‘stood nigh, In grief—to sve ther futher die! But, sudden as the thunder-roll, A new-born spirit fill’d his trame. His tainting visuge flash’d with soul— His lip was touch’d with living flame ; And burst, with more than prophet fre, The stream ot Judgment, Love, and Ire. “ Revnen, thou spearhead in my side, ‘Thy father’s first-born, and his shame ; Unstable as the rolling tide, A blight has fell’ upon thy name. Decay shall follow thee and thine s Go, outcast of a haltow'd line ! * Simzon and Levi, sons of blood ‘That still bangs beavy on the land ; Your flocks shail be the robbers 5 Your folus shall blaze beneath his brand, In ewamp and forest shall ye dwell : Be scatter’d among Israel { “Jupan! All hail, thou priest, thou king ¢ ‘The crown, the glory, shall be thine ; Thine, in the fight, the eagle's wing— Thine, on the hill, the oil and wine. Thou lion ! nations shall turn pale When swells thy roar upon the gale. “ Judah, my son, ascend the throne, Till comes from heaven the unborn king— The prophesizd; the mighty ono, ‘Whose heel shall crush the serpent’s sting = Till earth ix paradise again And sin is dead, and death is slain ! “ Wide as the surges, Zeau Thy daring keel shall plough the sea ; Before thee sink prond Sidon’s «un, And strong Issachar toll for thee, Thou, reaper of his corn ond oil, Lord ofthe giant and the soil ! “Whose banner flames in battle’s van ! ‘Whose mail is first in slaughter gored! ‘Thou, subtler than the serpent, Dam, Prince of the arrow and the sword Woeto the Syrian chartioteer When rings vi. rushing ot thy spear t “ Crush to the earth by war and woe, Gap, shall the Sup of bondage drain, Till bold revenge shall give the blow That pays the !ong arrear of pain. Thy cup shall glow with tyrant.gore, Thou be my son—and man once more ? Loved Narntati, thy snow-white hind Shall bask beneath the rose and vine. Proud Asuen, to the mountain wind Shall star like blaze, thy battle-vign. All bright to both, from birth to tomb, ‘y he heavens all sunshine, earth all bloom ! “ Josern, come near - my son, my sont Egyptian prince, Fey ption tage, Child of my first and best loved one— Great guardian of thy fativer’s age. Bring Eruram and Manassen uigh, And let me bless them ere | die, “ Hear me—Thou God of Israe! Thou, who hast been his living shield In the red desert’s lion dell, In Egynt's famine-stricken field, In the dark dungeon’s chilling stone, In Pharaoh’s chain—by Pharaoh's throne. “ My son, all blessings be on thee, Be blest abroad, be blest at home ; Thy nation’s strength—her living tree, ‘he well to which the thirsty come ; Blest be thy valley, blest thy hill, Thy father’s Gop be with thee still! “ Thou man of blood, thou man of might, ‘Thy soul shail ravin Bensamin. ‘Thou wolf by hou wolf by night, Rushing tlirough slaughter, spoil, and sia ‘Thine eagle’s beak and vulture’s wing Shail onrse thy nation with a king !” Then ceased the voice, and all was still ; The hand of death was on the frame; Yet gave the heart one final thrill, ‘And breathed the dying lip one name : “ Sons, let me rest by Leah’s sido!” He raised his eyes to heaven—and died. How ! gains “1 Clean out the hold— Holst up the merchandise, Heave out the gold ; There—lot the ingors fo— Launch thy bark, Mariner ! Chriat.an, God speed thee 5 Let loose the rudder bands— ‘Good angels speed thee ! Set thy Mis w arily 5 Tempests will come ; Steer thy course steadily Christian, steer home ! Look to the weather bow, Breskers are around thee ; Let fall the plummet now, Shallows may ground thee. Reet in the foresail, there t Hold the helm fast! 8o—let the versel wear— ‘There sweeps the blaat, “| What of the night, watchman @ ‘What of the night ? ‘ Cloudy—all quite— No land yet—all’s right,” Be wakeful, be vigilant— Danger may be At an hour when all seometh Securest to thee. Now the ship rights ; Hurrah | the harbor's near— Lo, the red lights ! Slveked not a sail ? et, At inlet or island ; Straight for the beacon steer, Straight for the high lend, Crowd ull thy canvurs on, Cut through the foam— Christian | cast anchor now— Heaven is thy home. e of Le 4 Island, measured in the year 1884, for the survey 01 an analysis of as the essay, was