The New York Herald Newspaper, March 12, 1843, Page 2

NEW YORK HERALD. cw York, Sunday, March 1%, 1643. = To Newspaper and Literary Agents—and the Public generally. The “New Yorx Antu monthly magazine of literature, fashion, and the fine arts, will be published re- gulerly frem this office, on the first ofeach month. oder its new management, this Magazine will be made ual, if not superior, to any other in the country, riginal literature, , engravings, and everythin interesting to the fashionable and intellectual portion 6! the public. The number for April will contain 9 most beautiful engraving, accompanied with a description of the FOUNTAIN IN THE PARK. Hae Other engravings, colored and plain, with anew and ° 1 plate of the latest Ladies’ Fashions, will also en: rich this number ; From these and other arrangements, it ive to the Anrist one of ti te hiscery m! vs in the country, whether it be in poetry, i c iety and fashion—elevated cri- and original sketches of society and fashion—“elevtted ort ticism—elegant writing, or speci rt Weaieese ail bospered—m0 mode of right enterprise overlooked, in or effect this object. Our present com- petitors are * Graham’s Magazine,” with a supposed cir culation of 40,000 cop Godey’s Book” with a circu- Jation of 25,000 copies—both published at Philadelphia, with two or three magazines here, of less cireulation. Our urpose is to make the “ New York Artist,” reach a popu- farity a character, an hein, sage and a circulation equal to any of these ve popul magazines. New York. is the great centre and soul of genius, literature, fashion and the fine arts on this continent. Our easy and rapid access to Londen and to Paris (particularly with the latter when their steam lines shall be established,) to procure the ear- liest fashions, is better than that of any other city on this continent. Also, a variety of new and interesting features will be added to the Artist ia the course ef its future pub- lication NEWSMEN and PERIODICAL AGENTS, through- out the country, will please to transmi it paid, their orders to the undersigned at as Subscribers in the country, remitti receive the Artist for one year by mi JAMES GORDO! PUBLISHER oF THE “ ARTIST Henatv Orriog, North West corner of Fulton and Nassau street. NNETT, Macazine. March 10, 1843. Tue Somers Tracepy.—The legal proceedings in this case are the subject of universal interest and attention. And they should be so. Questions of the greatest magnitude, and in which the rights of every American citizen 1s involved, enter deeply into this affair in the new aspect which it now pre- sents. Jt is matter of rejoicing to every friend of justice and the fundamental principles of our glo- rious constitution, that these questions are under- going discussion before an honorable and impartial tribunal, in whose equity and competency the whole nation must repose with cenfidence. A great ques- tion has now come up, antl it cannot be settled too 800n, nor too definitely. Whatit that great question? It is simply whether the grand birthright of a free people—the very cope- stone of the temple of liberty—the right to trial by jury, 18 to be sacrificed, at the behest of a naval commander. This is the all important principle in- volved in the discussion now pending before the Cir- cuit Court of this District. And this must not be lost sight of. The whole argument is narrowed down to this simple and iatelligible point. Can Na- yal Courts Martial take out of the hands of the civil tribunalsthe trial and punishment of offences which do not grow out of the naval code, and for which no provision has been made in the rules and regula- tions for the government of the navy, but which has been, on the contrary,placed by the express pro- visions ef the Constitution, as carried out by Con- gress, under the jurisdiction of the civil Courts? Thisis the question,divested of all technicalities and legal obscurity, although indeed it is hardly possible for legal ingenuity to surround it with any diffi- culty. The argument of Mr. Butler, was elaborate, com- prehensive, and characterized by all the clear- ness and sound legal logic which distin- guish the forensic labors of this talented member of the bar. Itis one of the most important speeches ever delivered before any Court in our city, and we have determined to present it in full before the public. We have given the first portion of it in yesterday’s paper, and frem the manner in which that has een reported, our readers will need no as- surance that the whole argument will be published by us, with literal accuracy and completeness. In to-morrow’s paper the concluding portion of gthe ar- gument will be given. The bullying manner in which the defenders of Commander McKenzie, the Courier and American, have attempted to browbeat the Court and Grand Jury, has excited agreat deal of disapprobation, and very properly alarmed and annoyed such of the friends of the gentleman placed in such a difficult and trying situation, as have the use of a sound judgment,and can estimate the eflect of such intem- perate and irrational conduct, on the public mind. The course pursued by the Courier in particular, in relation to this case, has been most unreasonable and foolish. It has attacked, with characteristic Juror, every one who has expressed a different opin- ion from that entertained by it, respecting the con- duct of Commander McKenzie; and with even more than its accustomed disdain of reasoning or argu- ment, it has pronounced the most positive opinion on every question which the case presented. Does the Courier really imagine that people are unable to treat such conduct exactly as it merits? We shall give the whole of the arguments in this case, and in the meantime the most careful atten- tion of the public to them, although that finvitation can hardly be necessary. No man who values con- stitutional liberty, or the {settlement, on legal and equitable principles, of a question which involves such momentous considerations, can surely [need to have his attention formally called to this discussion. The question simply is this—and it cannot be too often repeated, too strongly impressed on the public mind—is the great constitutional right to trial by jury, to be abrogated in the case of military and naval men? Is this sacred right to be trampled un- der foot? Are the rights and lives of our seamen to be deprived of those safeguards, which the wisdom and philanthropy of the framers of our constitution have thrown around them ? It is altogether impossible to avoid reference to the reflections which are excited by the extraordi- nary spectacle presented at this moment by Com- mander McKenzie. We have in his case, the unpre- cedented instances in one day, of a mancontending with his utmost might, to be deprived of his most sacred rights. Why does he thus fearfully shrink from a fair trial by a jury of his peers ? ‘Tae New York Hoteus.—As the winter passes away and the spring begins to open, the hotels be. gin to thaw out and put on their spring attires like the trees of the forest. Several of them, as the City Hotel, the United States Hotel and others, have not only changed handeand passed under other manage ment, but they have also undergone an entire in- ternal renovation, with extensive alterations and im provements. We believe the prices too have been in several cases reduced to accerd with the general depression of the times; certainly this is the case at Howard’s Hotel, and if the others have not made 4 similar reduction, they will be compelled to do it or lose custom. Boarpinc House Kerrers.—This class of the community should be on their guard against a set of swindlers and thieves, under the garb of gentle- men, who go about from boarding house tojboard- ing house, stay a day or two, or a week or two, as the case may be, and then decamp, and not only cheat the house-keeper out of his board bill, but very likeiy seize whatever they can lay their hands on, clothing, spoons, &c., oriperhaps borrow, if they can get credit, and then clear out with their ill got- ten plunder. No person should ever be admitted to board without first giving satisfactory references. ‘This practice in most cases would prove a sufficient protection “Tas New Yore Wasutxoronian Rerormer ano Oxive Puane” came out last week in a quarto orm with splendid engravings and music. The elebrated orator, Mr. Wallace, is the editor, and ere are a large number of first rate correspon- dents. The Reformer is decidedly the most beauti- ful and able temperance paper in the world. Price cents per number. Office 123 Fulton street, up ire The Hon. Levi Wi An authority to_ one te prohibit it. r form and equal, rather than partial or exclusive; and their design should confessedly be to encourage instead of lessen trade, and to impose only such rules on intercourse as are necessa) health, public morals, and the safe collection of the public revenue. I do not deny to any Go vernment powers like these, and if fairly exercised, they may, without injury, be extended in almost every country to the exclusion of the impert of ae sonous ts like that in China of opium, dan- gerous to heal obscene prints or works polluting the imagination, and dangerousto morals. But too much regulation, like too much legislation, and too much governing, is officious, intrusive, odious, and ill advised, no less than vexatious to the community. The exact li- mits, however, in such cases, under our system of expressly delegated powers, is more difficult to de- fine, and is hardly necessa: practical purpose of free tra a few plain simple rules, like those in the great law of nature, accord best with the Seiegnie of man, and the interests of society. But the Tity to impose taxes is one that is necessary in all governments, and is, trom the wide generality of its use, more likely to be perverted. fact, and repeatedly, which have impaired free trade both athome ant abroad. It therefore requires greater watch fulness. The usual method of applying it so as to trench on the established principles of free trade, is by im- posiny chandize; the power to collect taxes from lands, or excise, stamps, and the post office, have so seldom been used by th ercise, as bearing on freedom in commerce, hassel- dom been muchscrutinized. But the power to col- lect taxes by imposts has been exercised constantly by it. Itcomes directly into operation on our to- reign commerce, and as those imposts reach and burthen indirectly ts our domestic as well as foreign trade. f going here into the examination of this in detail, and seeing how far the theory be sound, that all this tax falls on exports, it is certain that much of it falls on them merely by falling in common on all who cen- sume, as the producers of the exports are the most numerous consumers, &c. duties is not questioned by them. 3 granted in the constitution, but the expediency of exercising it at all has been doubted by many, be- cause the tax being felt only indirectly and circui- tously by the community at large, it becomes less visible, and is therefore less opposed, and the extra- vagance in expenses leading to it 18, for a like rea- son, less noticed and less checked. But the burthen on the people in the end is quite as great as in other forms of taxation, and falls in larger proportions on the middling classes, who consume nearly as much per head as the rich. I poll tax; and the power is one very open to partiality and abuse, by means of the discriminations intro- duced between duties on different articles. consideratioas certainly possess much weight against its expediency. But as the States exercise power before they parted with it entirely to the general government, and as the latter ways since used i f must be, that a tax on imports is not only a Sonen oie mode of collecting revenue, but, under Adam Smith, the great champion of the free trade system, did not deema moderate and equal tariff on is just, free trade ought not, as a general rule, to exceed much the tax imposed on other kinds. fe does not prevent trade from being free equally with all other incident to the enjoyment and protection of all the labours fof society, and when equal, allows equal favour and participation to all, and merely makes all pay in a just ratio for the ordinary protection of lite, liberty and_ property. then, in my opinion, is not free trade and ne duties, when taxation becomes indispensable for revenue to maintain an economical administration of lgovern- ment—but “ free trade and /ow duties”—a tariff for revenue alone—and that to meet only a frugal rate of expense, und imposed so as to render our mixed forms of government to bear only in due proportion with taxation generally on other Property in county usual stroy the barrass or interrupt free trade rated, therefore, when it takes place, in order to enforce some great and legitimate object of taxation itself—such as burthening highest i than necessaries, or burthening highest what is consumed by the wealthiest, rather than the poor and middling classes, or when it takes place to en- force some other great and clear dut, e ment, such as the discouragement of what is plainly injurious to public health or public morals. ordinary rate of taxation on most other property in the States, is not over five per cent. on its value, and in most cases is less than one; while by the existing tariff, the tax on imports is seldom less than twenty percent. (or more than four times the high- est ratio.) And it fis in some cases forty. eighty, and even ata cent. All this is still disproportionate and fu es, as it is usually imposed not on either luxuries or articles prejudicial to health and morals, great necessaries of life, consumed by most alike, as sugar, salt, iron, cottons and woollens. The tax imposed on imports before the constitu. tion was formed, never exceeded ten per cent., and was generally less—and for many years after, it seldom, if ever, equalled twenty per cent. not theory but recorded legislative truth. Yet now. atamoment when we had deliberately returned from high excesses to something like that rate, and other nations under our example and their own ex- perience were en by reductions, the same rate, it is calcu trade all the world over, to see so sudden a revival ofa tax onimports more than quadruple that on other pro y 1789—and vindicated only by practices of darker ages and darker countries in the science of political economy. t! mercantile system a century or two ago, and which was then abandoned under the increased hghts of reason and experience. The manufacturers now are thus receiving the cast-off clothing of the merchants. The last clase i mer in liberal ideas, however equal both may be in patriotic designs ; and though less active than either of the others, has ever been the least jealous of the three as to compe- tition or new improvements. _ | taxes on imports should be light and cautious, as they operate in general like burthens on consump- tion, and hence on income. n some source or other, pays for consumption, this mode of taxing necessaries high as well as lux: uries, consumption cannot be avoided by and middling classes, and they are oblij their small incomes to pay almost as much as those with the largest. Such taxes should be light, since they operate like a poll tax in to ee because salt, sugar, iron and woollens, so highly present tariff,are consumed almost in per head throughout pone tion, which is put forward for such an outrage on all fair principles of taxation—and one so injurious to free trade in such vital articles, 1s the pretence, that thereby peculiar manufacture of t I tactorily vindicated under a constitution which em- powers a tax by atariff, only inorderto pay the ae lic expenses and public debt—and which no where fives authority to protect manufactures or any other ect. ‘ercived elsewhere, it alwa' J \ of evils in a territory so large and with such diver- sified pursuits. ciousin practice here, as to be renounced—and it has been resumed again only under auspices most ominous and destructlve to the whole navigating as well as agricultural interests of the country. no apoloy r be asked only for a few years. not be asked at all—and experience shows, that in- stead of being desired temporarily, it is urged as importunately now as it was twenty years ago — Again, beside being forced by it te pay an increas- ee for all foreign products, the people are com- pel of domestic ongin, else the tariff yields no pro- tection or aid. They are thus doubly fleeced— indeed the present tariff is so hostile to free trade abroad, that it avowedly seeks to’diminish those very jury's Lecture upon Frée Trade. Passing over the introductory part of this lecture, we proceed to that portion of it which commences with the powers of Congress to regulate Commerce, The power to regulate is not a power to destroy. to regulate commerce is clearly not Regulations must be uni- to secure the public Ith, as well as that of vulgar and at this moment for any je, though it is clear that other autho- It has been in more subjected to abuses, unequal duties onthe imports of foreign mer- e general government, that their ex- the exports, the duty bears on Witheut The right to assess such It is expressly It thus operates as a masked These the has al- I think the fair inference certain circumstances, is expedient. imports as conflicting with its general prin- But what is the extent to which such a tax as well as consistent with!the principles of 2 The tariff in that kind of property Such an amount of import usiness, because taxation jis a necessary The practical motto, the A departure from this would de- reat principle of equal taxation, and em- It can only be tole- juxuries rather of the govern- jut th fifty, more ler of oppression to the mase- but on such all classes al- This is lated to alarm the friends of free rty—much beyond any precedent in It is resuming what was called the in this respect far ahead of the for- the agricultural interests It is proper, also, that Because income from and in the iged from burthened by the ual quantities The chief justifica- eer is given to the domestic em. But thiscan never be satis- rench of domestic industry, by atax for that ob- It leaves such protection to the States. Ex- opens a Pandora’s box It has been once found so injudi- it is to argue, that this kind of protection will It wrong, it should led topay a larger one en all the principal articles imperts and exports which chiefly give employment to our foreign tonnage. That, {Adam Smith de- nounced near a century ago, to be “evidently as destructive to the revenue ef the customs as of free- dom in trade,” and on both accounts deserving strenuous opposition. Again, while some nations are lowering duties on many imports, and especially Tain, So as not only to make am additional market ‘or ours, but to throw the transportation of it more into American vessels directly, instead of losing it all, as before, by the indirect carriage of it through the colonies and in foreign} bottoms, we repel such liberal advances—we rashly impede a more liberal direct intercourse ‘by raising the tariff much higher on almost every article to be received thence in return. In that very law, also, we have taxed higher aimost every article which enters into our ship building, and have thus radically impaired our ability to build ae cheap and compete success- fully for the carrying trade of other natio In the same way we have vitally injured the fisheries, that noble nursery of naval as well as commercia strength, because without increasing,the drawback -trade attempts this kind of relief, the foreign vessels or bounty, we have increased the cost of their ves- sels by duties on the iron, duck and cordage used in them and on salt consumed, all much higher than Sioee originally imposed, and on which the bounty originally was computed. Thisis a specimen of the kindness shown by the late tariff to those de- pressed interests of navies and the fisheries, whose great motto as well as glory and encourage- ment have been heretofore—tree trade and sailors’ rights. Indeed by this policy we have imposed a new tax on the very tools of their occupation. We thus overburthen the means by which they earn their daily bread. The few articles left free are also left 0, not with a view to aid commerce usually, but manufacturers, by letting in without any duty their raw materials and some other articles which are not produced here, but consumed by them in common with others. On the contrary, ship building and navigation in all their varieties and ramifications are highly burthened, not only by the increased duties on most of the articles used in building, but on most of those eaten and worn by the mechanics and seamen employed. Indeed the greatest neces- saries of life, by this system’ of legislation, are the favorite objects of taxation, while man juxuries are free, or ata low duty, andithe very highest duties in the last tariff, instead of falling on the wines, the silks and laces of the rich, fasten themselves like harpies on the tools, food and clothing of the poorer classes. The unfavorable bearing of ‘this tariffon our tonnage, whether domestic or foreign, will be more manifest from two or three other considerations. If the increased duties on the articlesequal near five dollars aton yearly—as is the computation, then all our vessels in the foreign trade are virtually taxed y the new tariff at that rate—more than the vessels other nations engaged in the same trade. and who have not at the same time raised their tariffs. How can ours then eompete so well as before? and how oppressive is this tax, equalling near ten millions a Fest placed om our own, but not on forcign tonnage! ur demestic navigation feels it the least, although a new burthen to the same extent is placed on that; yet that is not obliged to compete with foreign ves- sels, and hence can raise the price of freight and get some, indemnity, unfortunately, however, from our own citizens. But if our tonnage in the foreign stand{ready to carry at the old price and can afford it, and the American vessels thus remain unem- ployed—or carry freight at Bunoone low rates, in consequence of so gross a violation of free trade prin- ciples towards them. Still other pretences for these partial’distinctiens in legislation have at times been thrust forward, beside protection to manufactures, but they are equally untenable. Of this character are discriminating Jaws made witha view to change the balance ef foreign trade, 80 to keep more mo- ney in agountry secure from exportation, so to in- terrupt and lessen the intercourse with those partic- ular nations, who take least directly of our own pro- duce, so to alter the rates of toreignexchange,which are fixed. from time to time by the great laws of trade as surely as the ebb and flow of the tides are fixed bythe great laws of nature. These are alla litter of the same ieotent character, from the same obsolete school. Governments might as wisely attempt to regulate, by law, the quantity of corn or hay to be grown peracre by the farmer. Equally futile is, also, the officious, intermeddling legisla- tion, thataeeks to fix by law what shall be the only currency or only circulating medium of commerce or of the people at large. Governments may properly fix just standards of value, and prescribe the kind of receipts it prefers for its own dues; and it may even manufacture such a circulation as it deems useful.— But trade regards everything asa matter of exchange of value against value. Its prices cannot be affect- ed by arbitrary legislation. Laws may fix the stan- dard for adjustment and enforcement of its contracts —but the exchanges of trade are in themselves be- yond any salutary control except the agreements of parties. Any attempt at interference by positive le- gislation in those operations, which must be govern- ed by the instinct of individual interest,have always proved positively injurious,by either shackling trans- tions or by promoting fraud. The attempt, a few years ago, to dispense with the sound constitutional standard of value, both in government business and private contracts, as well as in exchanges, was fortunately resisted with success. The inviolability of contracts—the public faith and the financial credit of the general government, were thus preserved amidst a pressure unexampled in its pow- er, and with advantages to the eventual soundness and stability of the currency, which all parts ef the country deem now necessary, and which we other- wise were not likely to have realised fora quarter of acontury. One of the strongest proofs of thisis that the rates of exchange, foreign and domestic,have never,for a quarter of a century past, been lower be- tween all important places than at the present mo- ment. It accords with the experience of all ages,that governments are not so wise in regulating either the trade or the industry, pursuits and habits of the peo- ple at large, as private individuals are, left to them- selves. Both the interest and skill of governments in those are less—nor can they act or judge so well either as to production, exchanges or prices. To re- gulate the last by law has for some time been explo- ded,as a relic of despotic folly,though once as popu- lar asit isnow with some classes of politicians to re- eels the others. If unmolested, people will general- ly buy where they can get the same article cheapest and sell where they can get most ; and this instinct of trade—this impulse of self interest, net only lies at the bottom of all free commerce and justifies as well,as prompts it; but aids national wealth as much as it does individual profit. The more each thus gains, the more the whole thus gain; and if free- dom is interrupted so that yor cannot buy where cheapest, it is usually pushed se that you cannot sell where yon are able to get most; and hence much is Jost both ways, beside interruptions and delays. The free trade doctrine would enable usto profit as much by int cheaper sugare, salt, woollen and iron abroad,as by selling higher there our grain, tobacco, cotton and pork, and even some of our manufac- tured goods. Nor is this kind of business, thus con- ducted, overreaching or disadvantageous to either party; but it is a system of mutual benefits,as the ex- change consists often of surplusses, which would otherwise not be prctaned, orif produced, would be much less valuable. The articles bought abroad in England ard paid for by our exports, are likewise the fruits of American labor, as much as if bought in the United States. So it matters not whether the articles are Lahey in exchange for others, or with money procured by the sale of others. In either. case, they are the fruits—the legitimate fruits of American industry. In either case, alse, if more is obtained abroad for our exports than could be had at home, or if the articles of ean we need are bought'abroad tor a less price than like articles would cost at home, the sale and the purchase abroad are both economical as well as advantageous to our country and the rest of the world. Nor is such a course of business unfavourable to the inde- pendence, peace, and prosperity of nations. On the contrary, it removes the temptation to aggressions and war by opening access to all, quietly to the mu- tual products and excellencies of each. It also fur- nishes necessaries and comforts to each from the rest, which hostilities would endanger, if not destroy ; and thus makes the free interchange of them a pledge and bond of peace. Igo as far as the tarthest for national independence. But a plausible, and indeed the most plausible argument for the re- strictive system, is, that it promotes independence— but it overlooks and confounds the distinction be- tween political independence so very desirable, and that independence of all others in society not so de- sirable—which can exist in perfection only with the hermit or the savage. Enlightened, civilised, social man should not seek to imitate the solitary oyster in his mud, or the grub in his vegetable blanket—both independent of the rest of the world—butdraw com- forts and happiness trom all around him, and derive frem society the mutual benefits for which society was made ; and each nation, belonging in a like manner to the great family of nations, should inter- mingle the advantages of each for the good of the whole. Another prominent view of the high discri- ons in the tariff, seems to be inequality and partiality. It seeks to interfere with the private bu- siness of the people, and to encourage ene class— such as manufacturerea—and to do this at the ex- pense ot others—agriculture and commerce. Such a narrow policy looks more in keeping with the monkish bigotry of the eighth century, than the light and statesmanship of the nineteenth ; and | am happy to admit is disavowed in theory by many of our opponents, though inevitably introduced in ractice by their system —as a system. hen such principles as are disguised in a high tariff, imposed in times like|these, are avowed in Egypt or in the Celestial Empire of China, or in such s place as the Fegee Islands, little surprise is excited. But this enlightened republic ought hard- ly to be the theatre for such inconsistencies as to in- crease taxes to relieve those embarrassed! To close some of our existing markets when prices are already ruinously low! ‘To aasist our navigation to compete with other nations by taxing it higher! In an age boastful as an age of progress,and in a country proud, as among the most advancing, and under rulers promising enlightened reforms, and amidst taunts against other nations as illiberal, intolerant and monopolising, ought we to be summoned to witness a measure of inequality among classes seldom sur- passed, and one subversive in its consequences, not only of all constitutional barriers, but of those great rinciples of free trade of which we have heretofore Reid ourselves out to be the champions? It is diffi- cult to characterize such steps, however well ineant in plain and truthful language without making it of fensive, beside their conflict with the just principles of freetrade. Let usgo on a littlefurther and con- sider some of the signal examples and features of is high protective system sta! One of them, inthe,case of Spai | commercial advantages were so very conspicuous. She had some of the finest harbors in the world—her borders washed by two oceans—her colonies in every latitude, almost, from equator to the poles, yet resorting most unad visedly to prohibitory laws, and madly per- sisting in them, have sunk her to a third. reduced her population more than hal © eotireereeienereredeetenrelreeeerer ae tered erie geeettecasteed erence meeegpereenepeereger eget eee ere eee eae Seo eSSSP SES === nn cts grass to grow over the atreets of her great commer- cial marts, lave robbed her of the richest colonies ever shone on by the sun in its whole career—filled up her numerous seaports with sediment, rubbish, and decaying wharves, rotted her navies, lined her borders with armies of brigand smugglers, and ruin ed almost the whole of her vast internal trade and manutactories quite as effectually as her toreign commerce. The only striking exception to all this in her possessions, is Cuba, and that is still illustra- tive of the principle, by being indebted for its great prosperity and exports to the opposite policy of low duties and free ingress and egress to all natiens, in- stead of the exclusion of all formerly indulged in by Spain. By returning ourselves to the prohibitory scale a duties, we disturb the natural employment of both capital and labor at home. We seek to give more encouragement to it in one branch of business than another. We destroy the use of much of the ton- nage of this countryfin the foreign trade, by depriv- ing it of freights e crush all of the industry and funds devoted to a large branch of ship building — We provoke retaliations from abroad. We lessen the meansof maritime defence. For itis commerce that supports navigation and a pet rather than the reverse. In fine we retard and impede—if not destroy our attainment of those high commercial and naval destinies, which have just been within our grasp, asthe second power in the world on the ocean. We alienate large classes and sections of the country by this favoritism on the one hand and oppression on the other. Yes, we throw again an apple of discord among the sister States of the Un- ion. And allfor what? To yield a high protec- tion to onebranch of industry, no more depressed than others, and no more entitled, as well as no more important than others—to manufacture a few more yards of calico here, ratner than buy them cheaper elsewhere ; or to raise a few more pounds of sugar in Louisiana rather than in Cuba er Brazil, where the cane ripens two thirds larger, and the can be made cheaper in a similar proportion. em of legislation is as much at war with the principles of common sense and common econo- my, as it 1s of free trade, and of a constitutional ad- herence to a system of equal rights—equal legisla- tion, and equal protection ; all so indispensable to the prosperity of the whole, and the preservation of the essence as well as form ot a Republican govern- ment. Tue Mitter Case.—Justice Stevens, yesterday afternoon, delivered the following opinion relative to the charge against Cuartes F, Mn.wer for ab- ducting his own wife :— Police office.—{n the matter of Charles F. Miller. —Charles F. Miller is accused of having kidnap- ped and forcibly brought Martha E. Miller into the city of New York against her will. The testimony is very voluminous and much of it contradictory, but it appears that in November last, in consequence of certain complaints made to the proper authorities in Westchester county, Judge Ruggles, the circuit ane of the second circuit fin this State, ordered “That Charles F. Miller be held to bail with two sureties, in a dares amount, to be of good behavior to the people of this State and particularly to his wife Martha E. Miller, not to interfere with or molest her, she being under the protection of the law, until a further order of that court in the premises.” If this order is supposed not to agree with the rules of equity, or that it is illegal, this is not the place to test it, and I feel bound to respect it. Under these circumstances, Martha E. Miller being under the frotection of the law, and living separately and eae trom her husband, was to him as a stranger. he question then arises, Did Charles F. Miller, un- lawfully and forcibly seize Martha E. Miller, and bring her against her will into this city and county, c. &e.% Here it is proper to remark, that the statute is perfectly silent, as it respects the place or State where a person shall be unlawfully and against his will forcibly seized and taken from, but itis perfectly plain that one shall not be unlawfully and against his will, forcibly seized and breught in- to any :county of tthi &c.,2R.S p 553. Itis proven, and also confessed by Charles F. Mil- ler, in his examination, that he forcibly brought Martha E. Miller into this city and county against her will and carried her into the house of his father, in the same manner. There is in the testimony al- 80, sufficient probable cause to believe that she was taken out of this State against her will. Under these circumstances, unpleasant as the case ney be, I feel compelled to decide, that Charles F. Miller be held to bail, or ‘remain in cus- tody, to answer the charge preferred agains: him. New York, March 11th, 1843. E, Stevens, « Special Justice.” The bail previously entered was received as sure- ty for his appearance to answer. is State, under the penalty, &c. Twe Cask or Youno Mercer.—The following is an extract of a letter from a distinguished ger- tleman of Woodbury, N. J., where yourg Mercer, who shot Heberton for seducing his sister, is now confined:— “We have young Mercer with us. The Court meetson the 3d week of March, say 3lst, but he will net be tried before the week after. Judges Elmer and White will probably sit upon the trial. George P. Molleson, the Attorney General of the State, and Themas B. Carpenter, Prosecutor of the Pleas for Gleucester, will conduct the prosecution. The defence will be made by Peter A. Browne Philadelphia, Win. N. Jeffers, R.R. Matlack, and perhaps Garrett D. Wall. You know something about New Jersey, and of course have your opinion about this case. Many people believe that Mercer will be convicted, and that he wiil be pardoned, but I do not knew of an instance of a pardon being pas to any one in Jersey who had been convicted of murder. The young man 1s in good spirits; I think his friends generally encourage him in the belief that he will be cleared. His room 1s well furnished (but not, however, by the ladies of Woodbury). He is visited erety day by the young men of the town, and passes his time as comfortably as could be expected in a prison. We have in the jail beside him three men, charged with effecting a premature resurrection, at Camden, and two charged with burglary.” , City Intelligence. Tue Man THAT suoT THE CurpREN from on board the schooner Wm _ B. Marsh, several months since, while they were playing on a wood pile, wes arrest- ed yesterday after considerable ingenuity and tact evinced by officers Low and Stevens, and fully com- mitted for trial. Cavent in THE Aot.—Charley Waterman and George Wilson were caught in the act of attempting to steal the cabin furniture of the schr. David Smith on Friday night, and fully committed for trial. S:neutar Deatu.—Thoreas Calton, a native of England, aged 35 years, who has been recently en- gece as engineer inthe sugar house of Tylee & apes, 28 Leonard street, was taken sick on Thurs- day morning with violent spasms and died on Fri- day ina sudden manner. The coroner held an ine quest yesterday afternoon, and the jury returned a verdict of death trom “effusion of the brain.” Attempt at Hichway Rossery.—Wm. F. Wat- son, of Beekman street, while passing through Spruce street, on Friday evening, in possession of a box containing considerable valuable property, was knocked down by some ruffian, with an intent, as is supposed, to rob him of the box, but being unsuc- cessful ran off; and the darkness of the night pre- vented his recognition. Attemrt to Smoot.—J. H. Colton was arrested on Friday evening, on a charge of attempting to kill Charles G. Corliss, by firing a pistol at him, which did not explode. Extenuating and peculiar circum- stances induced the act. Colton was held to bail to answer, and discharged from custody. Tur British ConsuiaTe.—We perceive from “the Albion” of yesterday, that the British Consul will receive visits at his dwelling, No. 1 College Place, on Monday the 13th inst. from 1to5 P.M. From Pernamnuco.— We have intelligence to the $d ult. American produce was dull of sale; sugars high; a large number of vessels in port, weighting freight; and the country tranquil. Governor or Matne.—The Hon. Edward Kava- nagh is now Governor of Maine. Cuarnam Turarre.—The engagement of Mr. Charles Eaton, the eminent American tragedian, promises to be an unusually brilliant one. In some characters he has but few equals, and our greatest and mest popular actors must look to their laurels, for Mr. Eaton is a young man of great talent and untiring industry, and will, ere long, eclipse the brightest luminaries in the profession. He appears to-morrow evening in a prize play written expressly for himself, entitled the “ Parricide,” which is re- presented as a piece of uncommon interest. {> The Great Earthquake in the West Indies scarcely made a greater sensation than will the performances at the American Museum, and we have seen no better rea- son for the world’s coming to an end, for Barnum will keep them up while it stands. This week is one of bene- fits to the deserving artists of the establishment, the per- formers, who for months bave given such delight to thou ‘ands. Barnum, with his accustomed liberality, ha, thrown together his most powertul attractions, while each beneficiary will be aided by the voluntary asmst- ance of his professional friends. For example, no less than eighteen performers of high talent have volunteered to-morrow evening ‘Trial of Commander McKenzie, Tuiaty Taiap Dav—March 11. ‘rhe journal nering been read, Dan’l. McKinley was recalled and examined. - By the Juvce Apvocars.—Witness depesed as follows: I was washing up my mess things inthe forecastle at the time the orders to huulon the brace was given. Mr. O. H. Perry was on the forecastle at the time and I think he said “half a dozenfif you clap on the brace.” The most then wentand Mr. Perry was sent for aft. On the voyage home Mr. Gansevoort oneday asked me if I had a pea jacket, shoes and stockings, and ifthere “was nothing I wanted;” I told him | wanted nothing but leave of absence when l'got to New York, te go home and see my friends. He said I should have it if they would take him for securi- ty. He askedif there was nothing else { wanted; [told him no;and he said “then I was a da—d sight better off than he was.” The Doctor and Purser were present; I continued cat-boy until after the arrest of Spencer, Crom- well and Small; two days after that Mr. G. told me he did not want me to be com into his room any more; Mr. Perry has olten given me cigars and occasionally sent me to his lecker to get some. Mr. Spencer was pretty famil- iar with the crew, and withthe exception ot Mr. e- voort, was more so than any other officer; Mr. Spencer was as familiar with Stewart as with any other officer on board the brig; he would often give him cigars; Mr. Spen. cer was not more familiar with the petty efficers than is natural for a midshipman to be with old seamen. Mr. Sepoewiex said, “we donet want what is natural, but what Mr. Spencer actually did.” Thave often seen him talking to Anderson, Stewart, and Browning. Q—Was he familiar with Cromwell? y; [have seen him talking with Crom- could not I think I e. Q—Have you known Mr. Gansevoort to give brandy to the crew. A , to Cromwell and Brewning. Q—When was yeu arrested and what occurred? A—On the 30th of Nov. at morning quarters. ‘The Com- mander put Wilson into irons; the Commander then cried send McKinley aft; 1 went aft to Commander,and 1stLieut. nant held pistols to my head, and told me to sit down; the Lieutenant told King, the gunner, to stand by and knock out their brains if they should make a false motion; I was put in irons; Green and McKee were then ironed and or- lered to get on all fours, and creep over to the starboard side. The Commander said nothing tome ; Green sald “I am very sorry for this, sir.” The Commaader said “so am{, and I hopel willnot have totouch any of you ap- Prentices.” Q—Begin, and give all that occurred on the day of exe- eution. A—It was the day after I was put in irons, about 2 P.M., the Commander came out of the cabin, in full uniform, and went to Mr. Spencer, and told him he had ten mi- nutes tolive. He then told them something; I did not hear what he said, but Iwas near enough to hear what he saidto Spencer. He came back to Spencer, and ask- ed ifhe had a prayer-book. 1 do not knew what answer was made, but I heard the Commander order three prayer books. Mr. Spencer, I should think, read a few prayers, and then the Commander asked if he wished to write Mr. Spencer saidthat ke did. The Commander ordered Dunn to fetch paper and a camp:stool out of the cabin. Spencer took a pen in his hands, and said, I cannot write. The Commander spoke to him in a low ftone, and I don’t know what he said; I saw the Commander writing, but whether Spencer asked him to write I cannot say. The Commander told Mr. Thompson. before he began to write to tell him when the time was up. He did 80, but the Commander kept on writing. When he got through writing, he went to Mr. Gansevoort, who was standing, forward of me. The next I saw was Mr. Gansevoort come and support Mr. Spencer, as he was going forward. I don’t know who supported Small and Cromwell. The next order! heard was “stand by—fire.” Mr. Gansevoort at the same moment cried “whip.” Q—Did Mr. Spencer say any thing when the Com- mander told him he should die in ten minutes ? x A—He said he was not fit to die, and wished to live longer to get ready. The Commander said, I know you are not, but I cannot helpit. At the time the Commander went to Cromwell he was reading a book; I think the Penny Magazine; I don’t know what the Commander said, but Cromwell dropt the book, fell on his knecs, and cried God of the Universe ! look down on my poor wife. Tam innocent” Iheard Spencer say, a8 the Commander stood in the cabin gangway— as these are about the last words 'm going to say,| trust they will be believed.” The Commander, what isthat 7” He said “ Cromwell is innocent.* The Commander said something in ¢ low tone, and then the Commander went forward, and the Lieutenant came and supported Spencer to the gang’ Iw e quarter deck, abaft of No 5 quarter gun; I had my face aft, and was told not to look forward; 1could not see who the Commander spoke to, because if I look- ed forward my brains were to be blowed out. Spencer at the time he was talking to the Captain, was on the arm chest, and the Captain on a camp stool in front of him. Q the writing coutinue? A—I could not say how long the writing continued, but I can say that the Captain staid there 20 minutes or halfan hour; Icould not see Spencer's face, his back was towards my face. Q—Givethe wordsof the Commander when he asked Spencer about writing ? A—He said, “Do you wish to write ?” whether Spen- cer said yes or no I donot know ; but the paper and camp stool came up immediately. Q—What was your state of mind when you heard Mr. Spencer's doom—was you doing any thing ? A—I was doing nothing ; but I might have been crying after I heard it, when he came out of the cabin. Q—Did you anticipate what was going to be done when you saw the Commander in full uniform ? A-—I did not ; 1 supposed that some vessel was in sight and that he was going to board her ; after the men were hanging atthe yard arm he told me that I was not to be hung ; Mr. Thompson was the only one that I saw take leave of Mr. Spencer ; the former was in tears when he shook hands with Spencer. Q—What was the manner of Spencer whenj his doom was announced ? A—He was leaning with his head on his hands when the Commander came up ; he turned half round and told the Commander he was not fit to die, &c. After the exe. cution the Captain told me that it was the general opin- ion that I was apretty good boy. but that he should have to take me home in irons, and that it was only my risking my life for others that saved me; I asked Mr. G. ifthe Captain thought I was guilty of ay thing ; he said “no, ifhedid he would string you up. [The witness here re- lated two conversations between himself and Willson which wereimmaterial.] During the last voyage I was punished for squabbling or fighting on the berth deck, and 1 broke my liberty at Santa Cruz. The first night I was put inthe bag it was tied over my head ; Se! Garty was always present when we were put in the after atime the bag get very hot and I told the offic was smothering, and asked to be relieved, for I could not breathe ; he came back with the orders, that I could not have it untied, I turned myself round as well as I could and get my mouth to the mouth of the bag and,lay so until the morning. “Mr. Sepawicx.—Is this testimony intended to support the fifth charge? Jupar Avvocatr.—No, indeed! I’ve no idea Capt. Mc- Kenzie knew of it; it is to contradict Sergt. Garty. At the request of the accused the examination was sus- pended and the testimony introduced, of Capt. Ramsay as to the probability of the U. 8. ship Vandalia being at St. Thomas when the Somers touched there. » McKintey recalled.—I think it wi Sorgt. Garty who was standing by me when the bag was undone the next day. Inever heard of any attempt at rescue nor of any mutiny until the Commander flogged Waltham. By the Covrr.—I was born in Boston—have lived there and in the city of New York; before I entered the service 1 was a waiter at Howard’s Hotel—I have been spoken to by the Judge Advocate once in relation to my testi mony. Cross-examined.—Never said before the departure of the Somers nor at any other time, that there would be a mu- tuny on board the Somers before she got back—I never said 1 would be revenged on the Commander. On the night of Spencer’s arrest J had a conversation with Chas. Abra- hams—he asked me what Spencer was put in irons for— I did not say for trying to reine a mutiny,but that {thought it was for fighting with Mr. Thompson. He said | womer who would be so mean as to tell of the fight out of the steerage. Atfterthe arrest of Smal] and Cromwell, I said to By eaten T expect to be put in irons myself before a week. After some further questions which did not elicit any- thing material,the testimony was read over to the witness, and the Court adjourned. Albany. I Correspondence of the Herald. | Avsany, Friday, March 10, 1843. The weather—Locofoco Triumph in Buffalo—Legia- lative Proceedings—Religion, §c. Sec This has been a most disagreeable day—snowing from about ten in the morning, until about six in the evening, when it turned to rain, and such walk- ing you can form no idea of. By the weetern cars this afternoon we have the result of the election in Buffalo on Friday last. It is acomplete locofoco triumph. Joseph G. Masten is elected Mayor by a majority of 462, and the Com- mon (ouncil tied. The contest is said tohave been most spirited and party lines were strictly drawn. ‘Thisis the first time the democrats have carried the city at a charter election. the Senate to-day, noless than eleven memo- rials were presented from citizens of New York praying for a-reduction of taxes, and amendment of the assessment law. : Mr. Strong reported a bill in relation to the col- lection of fines in the city of New York; also one in relation to the collection of taxes in said city. — The bill from the Assembly to reduce the capital of the Mechanics’ and Farmers’ Bank of the city of New York was also reported favorably on. After which the committee of the whole took up the bill for the payment of contractors on the public works; on this subject a al ensued; when without taking the question,’ ie committee rose and reported progress. The bill vo erect the county of Schuyler was disposed of ina similar manner, and the Senate Scones. a In the House, a€cording to a previous regolution, Friduys being set apart for the hearing of private claims, the day wasspenton these bills,and a number of them were disposed of in committee of the whole. The appointments for this city and county, were made yesterday, and as far as I have observed, give general satisfaction—the disappointed appiicanta ex- cepted. In regard to the flour inspector, particular. ly, one of the rejected is most furious indeed; but he should certainly have no cause to gramble; he has held the office before, and long enough, too, in all conscience. Strong efforts are being made to smother any fur- ther of the violent and quarrelsome debate that has occurred on the subject of the Bank Commission- ers’ bill. There’ has been too many most unwel come and impalateable traths told during its pro- gress, Ishould not be surprised if the result was that the office would be abolished Tk Indeed Mr. Lee offered a resolution to that effect yester- Lider Swan took hie departure for his home in Norwich, Chi ye, escorted in triumyle be sien of converts, in ounty, hid morning. He was nia the cars, bi ae e gre o ation, undoubte. of the Evangelists of oid. In the depot a most affecting scene wes Pacey at least it seemed so. Prayers were offered up by beautiful women, and converted scoundrels, and several “revival melodies” sung.— As the cars left the Elder struck up F “Oh Canaan, bright C V'mbound for the land of Cannan tP¥? Mappy Canaan, In which the assemblage joined i then the farce ended. ? oe shgrunand Albany. (Correspondence of the Herald.} Axzany, March 10, 1843, Adjournment—Excitement at the Capital—Richarad M. Johnson nominated in Chemung County— Van Buren’s Friends opposing the District’ System —No Legislatwe :Nomination—Dr. Ely and Re- trenchment. My Dear Sm :— Since the vote in the Senate to adjourn on the 25th instant, there appears to Le a disposition mani- fested by the members to apply themselves to busi- ness. The question has not yet been taken in the House, and it is supposed it will then be amended by extending the session into the month of April. Although his Excelleney recommended a short ses- sion, he does not wish an adjournment until he shall have sufficient time to make his appointments. And it he does not spur up the old white nag, the deg days, or Miller’s destruction of the world will over- take him. I am partially inclined to the belief that his agricultura'cy is leaning towards Millerism, and that he is waiting to see what the ides of April will develope, before he makes any more appointments. For my own part, I am heartily weary of his eva- sions, equivocations, and non-commiitalisms ; and although the favor which I have been asking for is polling more than an inferior legal station connect- ed with my profession, and would probably be worth to me something like a thousand dollars a year;‘still, unimportant as the office is, 1 have no More positive assurance, one way or the other, than I had when I arrived at Albany on the 10th of Janu. ary, two months ago. He is the most singular man 1 ever saw; he stands teasing, importuning, 1m- ploring, entreating, to a greater extent than any other living man. Among the exciterents at the Capital, the late Chemung county convention absorbs all others. The democrats recommended Richard M. Johnson for President. They also resolved to adhere to the principle of district delegations to the national con- vention, as first proposed by Mr. Rhett, and which was published in the Herald. A great sensation has already been produced. The friends of Mr. Van Buren are determined to appoint delegates at a State convention, so as to be able to give that gentleman the undivided vote. No other candidate can obtain the New York delegation, if appointed in that man- ner; whereas the friends of Johnson and Calhoun are desirous of adopting the district system. It is undoubtedly the most democratic, and if persisted in must evidently prevail. And I verily believe, that Mr. Van Buren’s friends will ultimately come into the measure, although they are now enieavore ing to suppress the excitement on the subject. I be- heve it 1s the right method, because then there could be no possibility of packing a delegation for any par- ticular candidate. The electors of each district sending their own delegates directly from the peo- ple, would carry their wishes and views directly into the convention. It will be the death blow to any man whose friends shall attempt to enforce a nomination, by packing State delegations against the wishes of the people, whenever they desire a more immediate representation. Mr. Van Buren undoubtedly came to the capital forthe express purpose of setting the wires in mo tion for a legislative nomination; but that idea he hasabandoned. He has ascertained that the Legis- lature does not feel disposed to do so; the subject will be left with the peoRle, to whom it legitimately belongs. Mr. Van Buren is in excellent health, and elthough nearly sixty, moves as erect and elastic as any of his sons He has improved in appearance, — and something like twenty five pounds fits been added to his weightsince I'saw himat the City Hall, upon hisretirement from Washington. He remains in the city, and visits the Capitol frequently, but does not seem to take much interest in the debates. The retrenchment economists made a wonderful flourish a week or two ago, and the chairman, Dr. Ely, reported several reductions. But I imagine that it will allend in smoke, as many of the mem- bers of both houses have their particular favorites among the mes salaried men. If the Doctor had continued as he commenced, something might have been effected; but I fear that his courage failed him when coming into contact with so many interested gentlemen, who only ask for grace another year. Our new tobacco inspector is one of these. Yesterday was’ day of great exeitement-among the Albanians. Early in the morning tit'was an- nounced that the Albany appointments would be sent tothe Senate forconfirmation. That of flour in- spector created the greatest sensation. The applicants on the slate had dwindled down to three, as it was thought, and the friends of each monopolized the Executive Chamber by turns. All was anxiety—the counte- nancesof the several candidates depicted ultimate hopes and fears, their triends running to and fro, catching every syllable which was dropped, by those who came out of the Chamber. Being a stranger, T could not enter into the sport, but calmly viewed the interesting scene. At length the announcement was made that Morgan L. Smith was the conquer or, and that hisname would be sent up by the Go’ vernor. ‘ It was.a thundering blow! A new name— who is this Smith ? exciaimeda dozen voices. How do you know that he is the lucky man? ‘ Wh Jim Wasson just told me,” responded a good loo! ing man with an Irish brogue. ‘The devil! is he in the secret?—the T'yler postmaster that is to be—i he possessed of the Governor’s confidence, in pre- ference to the democrats %” inquired a tall, disap pointed applicant, whom I have discovered count ing the marble blocks in the floor ever since I have been here. ‘I'll go and demand my papers,” saic another, and in he went, and as I thought, in the ac of shedding tears. u I beeame somewhat interested seeing so many er gaged, and stepping up to one of the disappointe. is M: ones as I imagined, enquired of him who thi Smith was. “Who he is, why he is a_blacksmit!’ served a regular sien tietelily at the business, br couid not command much wages as a journeymar quit the business, and engaged with the wido* Van Benthuysen to drive her bread wagon. Th Governor has appointed him, thinking that he was baker! ae the fellow is nothing but ck smit! and scarcely that, and pretends to be a judge « flour.” Thus discoursed his adversaries. j Friend Bennett, I see that my old friend Paj Grout has denied that his new office 1s a lucrati one. Iam sorry thatit is not a better one, for there is a democrat in our city who deserves an thing handsome, that man is my friend Paul. man has wrestled with whiggery more earnest both in the city and in the State legislature, and 1 man_ regretted more than myself that he was n/ nominated for the oy Jast fall. He kno why the delegation from the 13th ward 0} d hii though I exerted all my influence to change the determination. But Lam eee to aee that friend attempts to eschew ounism! His conv: sation must have been widely misunderstood others besides myself, when conversing about t, Morning Post. But if he is a Van Buren man, w. so aml, and I hope to meet him in many a contest { the election of that distinguished democrat bef¢ 1844. Yours, &c. Jor Surra ’ Norturrn Parsrs.—Pomeroy & Co. arriv, about cight o’clock last mght, in eleven hours fr: Albany. They came over the Housatonic R¢ road, and supplied us with plenty of northern a western papers. ‘ og THE NEW YORK MEDICAL AND gt cal Institute, No. 75 Chambers street. Established der to the afflicted sound and scientific medical aid. kind of diseases will be treated, and surgical operation every description performed inthe most careful and sc; tific manner. One of the first oculists in the city wi tend to the treatment of all diseases of the nye ond Particular attention is paid to the tre nt of all fe complaints. Very great success has attended the t ment of disenses of the skin. Patients w! ire it be visited at their houses. ‘Those whose means are li will only be ‘required to pay for their medicines. T! or four rooms are provided for private consultation. drug department is attended by un apothecary of great, perience, and all our medicines may be relied on a8 ye and genuine. Cupping, and leeching will be done ati shortest notice. 4 og day ani night. e DR. HOWER BOSTWICK, 4 Attending Physician and Surgeon, 75 Chambers st. 2d house west of Broadgg This Eaaiiration ia tacks the patronage and comme F ‘of the following gentlemen :— ae fev: DR. ED. Y. ROWNLEH; REV. DR. W. C. BROWNL| REV. DR. GEO. POTTS, REV. DR. G. SPRING, REV. DR. SCHROEDER. og SARSAPARILLA.—An immense effort has lately made to introduce various compounds called tract of Sarsaparillo,” as positive specific we were te believe the extravagant assertion venturers who are pushing them, all disease tl heir to,” can be governed and removed by these wor’ ful “extracts.” Now, we want no custemers to our cles, but persons of common sense at least; and those; have that, will find it impossible to believe these ext gant and ridioulous assertions. Depend upon it, ot you get Comstock’s true extract of the real Sarsapal every diseree that can be cured by this and various roots that form the compound, will he cured by i particularly a scrofula, rheumatiem, and all diseawe the blood, and particularly disense and aufferin, trys abuse of mercury, Thisor the other kinds, if pre! may be hed et71 Maiden lane, Price 60 cents pert