The New York Herald Newspaper, January 26, 1843, Page 1

HE NEW YORK HERALD. Vel. 1X,—No. 26.— Whole No, 3239. FOR N LOUISIANA AND For the eo te etter mn thus mort ou the fat, sth, 10th, 1th, 20th the 16th Getober and. cor Shino each mouth, com oa rie Spon i Mne'the Gummer mouths. ‘The following ing wool May, when reguiar ieainderof the year, willbe yrevented daring Sty PRZUE cape wesniy VAZOO, Cay Ship OCONEE we Shp MISST wm Shi yu) PL, Cay merce a VALI Ee of light for packets, are tor pasengers unequalled bi arena an Ae the onticen co oat ithe ble for jewelry, bullion or for any letters, or on expressed, fy measured. NEW ORK ANE OF PACKETS. 3 i whb eS 3 a te eoeas r " EK COLLINS & CO. HULLIN & WOODRUF! who will promptly forwar 1 hips of this line are warranted to sail vertised, and great care will be taken to have tober in Cornell. 1, Captain iPr Cy Jackson. prain Hilliard. LL®. Captain Hunt. Captain Miver. in Latham. disappointmen s rd. ‘city of New York, express: tre af light draft of water, have. reeenily been c in splendid orde: Reiman ; pequiall {or comfort WPhey are commanded maste make ev Ftien to give They will at all mes be towed up and ‘accomm jips will be responsi- iver or plated ware kage, set by o rpat on beard of them, nuless reguier bills cf iading are taken for the same and 7 ‘South st., or Agent in New rd all goods to their address, tually as ad- goods correct me aud tin the re= lations: NEW LINE OF LIVERPOOL PACKET». ‘To silfrom New York on the 25th and; Liverpool on the 13th By ‘ each month. From New tes RICK, Captain Wm. Skiddy, 25th October. Ship GAR : Shit ROSCIUS, Captain Ship SINDONS: Captain ce nom Ship SIDDONS, Captain E. Ship SHERIDAN Ship GARRICK, shin ROSCIUS se» hi anthe city of New York, great speed with anus fiw been taken ip the ‘The price of passage be provided. There masters, whe will maki non ps aptain Captain Wi, Skid ‘C-tain John Co! are all of the frst class, ui ancl comfort for rrangement_o ¢ is $100, for which ample pmmanded by experienced very exertion to give gene John Coll 25th November. E. B. Cobb, 25th December. Liverroe.. F. A. De the are Capua} SHERIDAN, Captain F. A. Depeyster, 290: January. B. Cobb, 13th October. yyater, 13th Novem’r. y, 13th December. :igth January. ‘ards of 198¢ (ons, built nprovemants & scombinie . Every care auisfae- ‘Neither the captains or owners of the ships will be responsi- ble for ary letters, varcels or pack Inding are signed therefor. For treight or pas: al, apply to IR. COLLINS &' CO. 56 South st., New York, or to ee ob 5 boat &'CO., Liverpool. Lotters by the packets will ‘be charged 12 cents per ice. and newapaners Ieent each. 0 sularb''Is of . & JAS. aherr: 50 cents per es sent by them, unless re OLD LINE LIVERPOOL PACKETS. K of Pack T iiretchedin toe following order, day of smiling falls on Sunday, ets tor Liverpool wil cepting that when the ¢ ships will sail onthe suceeed- ‘ing day. peta For New York. For Liverpool. The SOUTH AMERICA, (June 1 July 18 toms, Oct 1 Nov 19 D.G.Bailey, (Feb 1 Mar ip The ENGLAND, Jane 19 ug 7 750 tons, r Oct 19 yee 1 B.L. Waite. (Feb 19 April 7 The OXFORD, July 1 Au 19 800 tons, Nov 1 Dec 19 J. Rathbone, (March 1 April 19 ‘The EUROPE, July 19 Sept 7 610 tons, Nor 19 = $ .G. shaN¢ Mar 19 lay = 7 ‘The NORTH AMERICA, (Aug 1 Bert 19 618 tons. Dec 1 Jan 19 ‘A.B. Lowber. April 1 May 19 ‘The NEW YORK, Aug 19 Oe 7 900 tons, Dec 19 Feb 7 T.B.Cropper.( April 19 Jane 7 ‘The CAMBRIDG! Sept 1 oa on tons, Jan 1 eb 17 W.C Barstow.(May 1 June 19 The COLUMBUS, Sept 19 Nov 9 700 5 Jan Is Mar 9 GA.Cole. (May 19 | Juy 7 Punctuality, as regards the day of sailing, will be observed as heretofore. ‘The price of outw: now fixed at One Hundred Dollars, for which ample stores of every description wil! be provided, with the exception of wines and liquors, cl furnished by thi which ibamirtatiy: rjne genes Tet Bo. Li. 38 ith st., H. MARSH A Busline-alip, N Y. BARING BROTHERS & CG., Lipa. je2s Ih ‘TAPSCOTT’S. GFNERAL PASSAGE OFFICE, 43 PECK SLIP, NEW YORK. ‘The subscribers beg to call ‘the attemtion of their friends The. publie a, red Sailme twice every { gen dirret ‘Also fom. Li ach, Charlesron, Philad Yario, s pors a British Kaved ou liheral terme, Perso the adv ence to tees to he derived ds Seoul the WrLIVERPOOL 1 tery month; ad with the" UNITED compa ie i eri@nt Aq 1 "Lore wiltmeke five ships to each mouth’ throoghout. the i every six divs) thereby. preveating the possi wishing to send for thei iL, generally, to their superior arrangements im, and remitting money to, any jand or Wales, in tne magnificent ERPOOL P ACKETS,” V1Z.:— Bid i UNITED LINE,” hout. the Bristol and Greenock to New ‘ol to New Orleans, Mobile, Savan » Bostou and Baltimore, and the ‘orth Amerie, can at all times be en- friends, will not fil to see i we this line in prefer- ny other, and they may rest assured that unusual care will be taken to make -he passage agreeable, the ships being Stied up with an eye solely to the comfort of passengers. Tu all cosex where the par money will be refanded wit! secured ax follows, viz w= To al of erect, mont:. 19h, and fi CoH from the vanous seaports of I. ay be hout any deduction, sent for dechae comi st, ‘New Orleans, Mobile, Savan- as usual. ireland and Scotland + regular por kets for which the subseribers are agent, sail Je vir So and from London ap the Lat, Othe and 20:h Toand from Liverpool oa the’! 25th of each month nd 20: yuh, '5ch, J hy ely ths hour th wah, an Charleston, ey throng! e season. Persons in the country wis dy enclosing the sum ig to send money to therr friends y. wish sent, with the name and ad- diess of the partes tereceive it, my rely on adraft for the amount being forwarded per firtt picket, after the receipt thereof, and an acknowledgement for the same returned per Drafts at sight, for apy amount, are any nercharge, at out disen dia in every p Farther pusticulars ma pest pard, to sy t Exchange au: pal town of Great Bi known op appli ern Bank ef Sect! ames Bult, Son & weount Bank, nd Ireland, tion, if by letter, W, & J. T. TAPSCOTT, 43 Peck Slip, N. York. aver ae. undermentioned RS! will be regularly dispatched from hence and shi trom Mar seilles on the Ist ofeach month during the year, thus aickev om New York. “Marseilles. : E an WRY THOM ¢ 1. eb COURLER, at jar 1 eLbEsro fl Marl Ayr GGHIOLANUS, Cap Api. jun | ‘They are ail coppere Ps or p: e price Of cabin passa and liquors, ers: will be $100, exclusive of wines ‘Goods addressed to BOYD & HINCKEN, the agents, will be forwarded free of other -harges than those actually paid. Vor Froight or passage aPPI> (> wROOM & CO,, orto over BOYD & HINCKEN, Agents SPRING ARRANGEMED FOR 1843. OLy Se ee: He... OFFICE. No. 61 SOUTH 8 PAssacEe to and from Great Britain and sular hive of prel te, ani, 25th of epch month, EET, N. Y. viug on the Ist, el-nd by the re- th, 13th, 19th and The old Biark Ball Jine of packets are an followss— Ship NEW YOR » SA RRIDOE, COLUMBUS, EV. ne OU OR \GLA! * OXFORD, Cay ¢ Commercial sailing ships, all commanded b; he despa’ che | willal o ies Sh ww One pool Vee . Captain Rathbone, Line is Capuin Cropper, Captsin Barstow, Cole ptain Baile in Low! composed of Lorty three u Insny years past; and ia all cases Whou parties decline coming the moury is refunded, as customary boats from the di be secured by st and § otlant to Liverpool Kemittanees av forthe jay satisfaction iment of his de 2 are pard hout Great Be lends residing in ADY novee on the rece addres of the party to ree Fate of $5 ner youu ater or by first pocket, ship, an jh the, turped thy (if by letter post paid) %, wo HN Ww. Del Hy t office “For farthey pa He a the: the baukiu part of the United Ki all be fe y, Este, Babi Mr. Wia. Cairns, Loudouderry in sume of £5. £10, £2 to any amount, for sale by 8. J, SILVES’ ray, Begg , Chik didee S “pit OF RRCHARGE) partnte at sight on All parts of Beadivey 82 Wall street and 130 houses on de mat free passage can also hffereat ports in Ireland ‘With regard to his arrangements are auch as to warrant ever: and Ireland. ‘Those persons, there- ql sliver pind United State, who wish to remit money a 4 w 15 and ed in saperior sty le, a1 Al BY THE BLACK BALL OR OLD i LIVERPOOL PACKETS. [Sailing from Liverpoo! ou the 7th ai Pe tosend to the Old Ce subse! superior ke of Packets, yo the 7th and [9h of every fA i Liverneot unctuall h ’, ‘merican trading s! ‘Tey will also have a first rate class of sailing every six days, thereby affording unica. tion from that port. One of im ( vir. e there, te see that they shall be forwarded with care and des mine j Should th i d for not come out, the money} will be returned to those “who paid it here, wichout any redue eTine Black Ball, or Old Line of Liverpool Packets, comprise eat Sh mt EPs NEW YORK, SOUTH AMERICA, EUROP! T Q CA, ENGLAND, NORTH AMERICA, With such superior and unequalled arangemeats, the sab- schbiin coutdently look forward tora continaanee of that up port which has been extended to them so many years, for which they are gratefal. Inose proceeding, or atall times obtain ing monev to their relatives, can ht for any ¥mouat, dawn direct ‘Dublin, also. om , GROTE, AMES & CO. Bankers, London. whieh will be paid on demand at any of the Banks, or their Branches, im all the principal towns throughout England, Ire- saa ey re (if by} id.) , oF udd.ess, (if by letter, post paid. rity ROCHE, BROTHERS & CO. 35 Fulton street, New Vork, next door to the Fulton Bank. N.B—The O'd Line of Liverpool Packets sail trom this port for Liverpoul on the Ist and i9h of each mouth, Parties Feturving to the old country will tind it to th-ir comfort and to select this tavonte Laue for their conveyance, tn fore TAs OLD ESTABLISnA>D ws IGnANT SAGE OFFI’, 61 South aveet, New York ular Line of Packets—The subscriber continues to bron out persons Com any part of Great Britain and Ireland who may be engaged oy their friends here, hy the regular line of packet shins, sailing every sv days ‘rom Liverpool. Per. sons sending for their friew ts, mav rely that just care will be them despateh-d without detay in Liverncol,and always endeavor to merit @ continua ice of the padlic uiage which has been so liberally bes towed (or past; and thove remitti the Banks and branche: For further particu j6r y Ty fitby sor p Ty City letter. post paid] to SoH ae RDMAN. 61S wh et. NEW LINE LIVERPOOL PAC ETS.—lick- et, 25th Jenvary—The splendid well known fast ling rackec SHERI Captain De- ill vely as akove, her regular day. is ling are ail 1000 tons bartheu, and apwarda, ;modations for cabin, second cabin and steerage jor to any other line of de-ths should not fail co ot of Wall street, ar to W.& J.T. TAPSCOTT, 43 Peck Slip, cor. South at. e fs for their friends can Rt out by the avove favorite ship, which leaves Li on 13th March, of any of the regular line, and those wishing to remit money can be supplied with drafts for any am. aut paya- ble on dem-nd, without siscount, in ail the priucipal towns of Grent Brivain aul Tretand, Apply 1s above. iver PASSAGE FROM LIVERPOUL—The very superior packet ship MEMPHIS. Capt Kaight, Wi ail from Liverpool early in March, Fasous wishing to send for their friends can have them brought out in her or auy of the reaular packets by applying persoually, or if by letter, post paid. to JOSEPH McMURRAY, 100 Pine street, corner ot South. P.8—Drafts for any amount parable at sieh: in, any vank, branch, or agency ofa bank, in England, Ireland and Scotland, given by applving as above. PACKET FOR HAVRE. —[Secind Lin Ship 8ST. NICOLAS, John B. Pell sail on the Jat of February. ix2te I—The master, will BOYD & HINCKEN, jyllr . No 9 Toni Wdine PACKET FOR MARSEILLES— biany —The ship TRESCOTT, Cort, Lawrence. Apply 0 OOM & 00. orto BOYD & HINCKEN jvise 9 To DKAFTS ON IRELA SD, &e—The subscribers continue togive drafts payable on demand, without ant, orany charge whatsoever. LAND—The National Bank of Ireland, the Provin- cial Bank of Ireland, and their branches in every county. IN ENGLAND AND WALES—Messrs. James Balt, Son & Co., bankers, Lendon, the Exchange aud Discoant Bank, Liverpoor, aud their branches throughout England and Wales, IN BCOTRAND—The Eastern’ Bank of. Seotiaud, the Greenock Banking Company, and branches inthe principal towns; Sir Win. Forbes, Hunter & Co. Persins in che country, wishing {9 remit money to their friends 1n any part of England, Ireland, Scotland, or Wales, by encloning the amount they wish to remit to the subsenbers with the name and address of the parties to whom it 1s to be sent. A draft for the amount will be forwarded the fi'st packet after the receipt thereof, and acknowledgement of the same re- tarned per first May We TR. TAPSCOTT. 43 Peckslin, New York REMIT LANCES LO IMELAND, &e., ke — ‘The subscriber continues to transmit money, in sams a large or small to persons land, in the sane manuer 1 he, and his predec: neas. have done for the last hirty years, and «0: part of Englond or Seotland. ‘ Money rewitted by letter (post paid) to the subscriber, or ~ersonally deposited witn him, with the name of the person or persons in Irelan land or'Scotland, to whem it is to deny, and nearest post town, will be immediately transmitted and paid accordingly, and a receipt to that effect given or for- warded tothe sender. In like mavuer money with or claims on persons in any part of treland, England or Scotland, can_ be collected by the subseri- ver, for'peraons residivy in any part of the United States, oF Canada, and will be paid to them accordingly. 12 ter TWORAR MRRIDE Tr a9 oder es VENTER ANGRS OR NQGUA ND. IRELAND SCOTLAND AND WALES.—Persone proceed ng OF remnifting money to any part of the old evantr cau at all times obtain rom the subscribers drafts at ht, for any mount oo the Royal Bank ‘and and on Messrs. Prescatt, Grote, Ames & Co, Bai c id free of discount or any charge wh re rimeipal towns of the U; sugdom. For terms, apply o1 ‘oddresee re f by letter, host haid, to ° ROCHE BROTHERS & CO., . 35 Fulton st, next door to the Fultow Bank. P. 8.—The subscribers will as here! vation of, frst class Ameri an shine ABI: curing the eomive year BRILISH AND NORTH AMBEIUUAN KOYAL MAiL STEAM SHIPS, ug weekly fre ‘Or passaxe, apply as dr OF 1200.tons and 440 i, Under contract with the Lords of the Admiralty. RITANNIA, witt, Commander. ALENONIA, Lott, do ACADIA, Ryrie do COLUMBIA, E. ©. Miller, RN do Will sail from Boston, via Habifax. FROM LIVERPOOL. Britannia, % Caledonts, Nine 1 Ff q lar eb 4 Cotambia, Milles, Api ‘ Mar 4 faseage ‘Money—From Boston to Liverpool, $135—Boston o Halifax $20. Thewe shics ‘carry experienood surgeons. No Berths secured anti fer. Norr. ler ize and Specie (except for per sonal ox ler the name of lagage will be charged a je to Custom Hoare bd. BHIGTLAM JIG. wo, ee STATEN ISLAND FERK eas Foot of Whitehall street ne ‘On and afer Dec. 34 amerSTATEN ISLANDER, nou . 3d, the will run as follows, anfil fa = CKAVE STATEN ISLAND. NEW VORK. i AM, a* 2P.M. P.M, d3r Ed ct REGULAR OPPOSITION TO CATS KILL, and intermediate landings, without tow barves'—Reyular days from Caitskill, M Jays, Wednesdays and Wridays. From New York, Thursdays and Saturdays.—Kare to or from Cattsnill —Berths 2 cents—Supper 25 cents. ; he new and fast steamer WAVE, Captain Vanderbilt, will pbinson at. pier Tharsday Nov. 17 five o'clock. For further particulars ingaire of the ca tain on board. B: ‘unuing oo the days'abeve named, there will be a daily com ion between Catskill and New York (and in termed for freight and passage at_redaced prices. nor RAIL ROAD LINE OF STAGES FROM NEW YORK TO BEDFORD — On and aft r Tuesday, January 34, 1843, the na line of stazes from Bedford to New York Bedford, every Monday, 4 o'cloes, oad Hotel, comes of Bowery anv, Broome sts, New York, every Tuesdey, Wednesday and Saturday mo , by the 9 o'clock cas, pessing Marble Mall, Kast Chestenand through’ White Flafas, Robbins’ Mills and’ Mile Square to Bedford: HIRAM DEFOREST, G.U. LEWIS, Ax MorniuR at 1 oprieto he Red Bird Line of Stages will eontione to ra piuter from Whien Posies srety dey at f ovcieek, Melock, P. Mu Stunday i bd lala TRAM Der OREST, j5 tm*r Provrictor, CITY HOTEL, NEW YORK —The sub cries nas axa taken the above house, which has been refittes! aod ' id will be opened on the ist of #: next. The whole exterior and interior have been paiuted thronchout. yy 0g the halls warmed by fur y ed in‘o several suits of rooms't tamilies, and a spacioas la jc dining room 18 greatly impro- to in rease light and veaulativu, mud ot the walls and ceilings “ton water is introduced oo have Morr or ihe qa site, U tothe most ibe ral manner, aud the subscriber, aud wir, Wire tard, who will be associated with him, veapectiully solicit the perouaxe Of thelr feuds abd the Haas Now York, Jun. 1943 © is : Ju 19 twrre Beguredy ae. TH A: WEL BKE AIH —The whole world eannot produce a bi ing the teeth, keepirg them tro ums aud sWeeteving the ore Pare. ‘Lhe only per ect a . tothe public, It ix x iveuin Amorien, and has recentiy bens wns of the nabil The house will be amp! business will be condnered cw € the fire faini- been introduced into the tam- id Haver. Dr. Castle Elliott, the oculist 5 tthe Ye Hen BB ‘ and nearly every Physieinn and reommends Sherman's Orris. Ty oA Gh ll preparations for the tee'h. Dr. Sherman's: wareh {06 , Agen ‘alton, street ton; 4 Biwa' Albauy ; dence, 3 Ledger Buitdiogs, Philade «treet, Cinemnaty. [PU PHE LOVERS (OF SUrKKIOK BLA Howgqna’s Mixtare—This emely delieras highly celebrated iu on Fey Bachchan Chats, Now x at. Ne packages. Phve Ed and $1, TEA~ any Aral leled and Karope, jast pany ® General ‘on 1a conus Important Political ‘Movement. AN APPEAL OF THE FRIENDS OF JOHN C. CALHOUN To rue Democratic Party, on THE Painci- pies oF A NATIONAL ConvENTION FOR THE Nomination ov Prestvent anv Vick Presi- DENT oF THE Unirep Srares. By the Hon, J. Barnwell Rhett, It seems to be the will of the Democratic party, that a national convention should be held, for the purpose of selecting and nominating the individuals who shall be supported by them, for the offices of President and Vice President of the United States. The benefit of such aconvention, consists in unit- lage party, and thus enabling them to present an unbroken front to their political adversaries. They were united at the last Presidential election, but were defeated. How much greater the necessity of union now, when the Government has passed out of their hands, and the party itself is divided, both in opinion and feeling, as to the individuals who, trom their ability, integrity, and patriotism, are best able to represent and carry out their principles in the administration of the Government? We take it for granted, therefore, that the general voice of the par- ty 18 correct, and that itis expedient that a national convention should be held. But although expedient we must not disguise from ourselves or the people the effect and character of the convention. It is clear, that it will make the Presidentand Vice Pre- sideot of the United States If the Democratic par- ty be in the ascendent in the United States, and it is understood that all other candidates of this party are to be placed aside after a nomination by the convention, (and it will he worse than useless if this is not its effect,) then, the nomination is omnipo- tent, and the subsequent voting by the people, and the action of the electoral colieges, are mere mat ters of form ; or, at best, but ratifications of the pro- ceedings of the convention. ‘The whole Presiden cial election, is thus merged in this convention Its power on this great question, is the power of the whole Union It will combine in itself, in effect. the action of all the States, and of the General Go- vernment hlso—supplying, in the matter of choice, the place of the people at the polls, the electora: col- leges, and of Congressin the last resort. In plain words, the Constitution, on this great point of choos- ing the Chief Magistrate of the United States, is practically superseded, and the power passes into the hands of the convention. Such being the plain un- deniable effect, of a naticnal convention of the De- mocratic party, it becomes a question of immense moment to every man in the Democratic party and ie Union—How shail the convention be orga- nized > _ Whatever may be the political necessity for set- ting aside the Constitution, or of. substituting ano- ther instrumentality than that which the Constitu- tion prescribes, for accomplishing its ends, we take it for granted, that its spirit, at least, should be most carefully observed. All innovations upon the prac tice of a written constitution, are more or less dan- gerous. If wrong or imperfect, it ought to be amen- ded ; for then a veneration for its sanctions, and the benefit of its responsibilities, are preserves. Should ths be impracticable on an emergency, and itis ex- pedient by the voluntary action of the people to control its operations, and render it subordinate to another form of organization or another political machinery than that it contains—the free, equal, and popular spirit of the Constitution, should be most watchlully maintained. On any other princi- ple, all such movements are not auxiliary, but hos- tile to the Constitution, and must, in the end, ac- complish its overthrow. The frst principle, then, on which a convention should be organized, is—the spirit of the Constitution must be observed and main- tained. sis Another principle, following as a consequence, ought also to be regarded in the organization of the convention—it must breathe forth the voice, and truly represent the omni otence, of the peopie. The people must rule in the convention. [f there is doubt in the popular mind on this vital point, the convention will be disrobed of all its might and dig- nity. Ifit is a convention of politicians, and perso- nal partisans—if it isa machinery for putting up men and grasping the offices of the country, and not the people traly acting through their representatives, for the promotion of the high Purprees, ot their free go- vernment—i' will be vain. All will obey the peo ple ; none will submit to zmen, however great in as- piration or ability Instead of harmony—discord, confusion, and contention may arise from its con- sultations and actions Safely to accomplish its pur- poses, therefore, the convention must be so organ- ized, as to carry out the spirit of the Constitution, and clearly to develope the people’s will. ‘Lhe design of the Constitution, in the election of the President and Vice President of the U. States, is plain. 11 does not mean that this election, in the frst instance, shall be by States ; for this is the me- thod adopted, in the action of Congress, in the last resort, should the election first fail in the electoral colleges. The federative feature of our system, plainly then, does not direct the general rule. It is the exception. It is the last resort, when the gene- ral rule fails. The gi rule rests on the other great corner-stone of our system—the will of the people ; and the manner in which this will isto be ascertained and carried out in this election, as in the election of Senators and Representatives to Congress, is left to the State Legislatures. The nearer proximity and affinity of the State Legisla- tures with the people, it was supposed, would ena- bie them to make more full and satisfactory arrange- ments in prescribing the mode of electing their Chief Magistrate. The President is, indeed, called in the Constitution ‘* the President of the United States ;”” but his office is essentially popular in all its duties — In being commander of the army and navy, in the whole duty of protection, and seeing the laws exe- ented, the President acts personaliy on the people. From the very nature of the office, therefore, it is obvious, that as he is the representative of every man in the Union, every man in the Union ought to have the power of chotaiag him, and of determining who shall be his Chief Magistrate, to execute the laws for or upon him. Hence the recommendation of President Jackson, in one ot his messages to Congress—that the Constitution should be so amen ded, as to dispense with the intermediate agency of electors, and the people should vote directly for the President and Vice President of the United States. This is the true genius of the Constitution. If these views of tbe Constitution be correct, the other principle on which we stated the convention should be organized—that the people should rule— will produce the same policy. The States are not to rule in the convention ; nor the majority of a par- tyina State, which may not be one-third of a State ; but the people of the Usited Stktes are to rule. Any organ zation which suppress’ s the voice of any portion of the pene in any quarter of the Union, 18 inconsistent wit this fi st a principle of Democracy. _ itis obvious, under the best organi- zation, it there is a diff-rence in the convention, (and thergas no use for a convention unless such a differenc@exists,) the opinion of a vast number of the people, constituting a miaority in the conven- tion, must be overruled. This is unavoidable ; but tor the admission of the poodist wiil into the con- vention, its doors should be thrown wide open.— From every corner of the Union, the cae have the privilege of being heard and felt in its con- sultations and fina’ reeults. This is their right, de- signed by the Constitution, and commanded by the free and just spirit of all republican institutions. If the people are not to rule in the selection of their Chiet Magistrate, why should they rule in any other attribute of Government ? The principle which would exclude the popular will in this particular, would abolish all free governments, and erect des- potisme in their stead, of an aristocratic or monar- chical form. : inl Having thus briefly laid down the principles on which we think a national convention should be organized, let us consider the manner in which they have hitherto been formed. ‘The two great instraments of government by the people, are the ballot box and -representation. The first has been entirely dispensed with by all national conventions. Thes-cond, alone has been resorted to; and one might suppose, that on this account. a more careful and elaborate system for obtaining the sense of the people by representation, would have been put in practice. The firat seri pecularity, however, of the representation in a national con vention, as hitherto organised, is, that it has no uni- form system at all. Now, that there should be a system, good or bad, operating equally on all, we. suppose it requires but little argument to prove. If one State appears as a State in the convention, hav- ing suppressed the voice of the minorities within its limits; and another appears with a villege, muster- ground, or county representation, by which the will of all its minorities is represented, they will be at immense disadvantage. In one form of represen- tation, they may be equalin the convention ; while. by this various representation, one State may ma: tera half dozen, any one of which, if the popular willwas fairly developed, might have controlled it But not only has there been no uniform system of representation in the organization of the convention, in one instance at least, there was neither system nor representation. Every one knows that a Vice President of the United States was made by the votes of a Mr. Rucker, who, accidentally being in Baltimore when the convention sat, went jnto itjand gave for him seventeen votes—the votes to which Tenressee was entitied ; and these secured him the nomination. To meet together to o A Concert in folitical action, maybe highly expediest; but to Meet on anequal terms, where the greatest political Every pria- power is involved, can’ never be right ciple of justice and of o that there should be tation for the organ: applicabie to all the States Independent of a seil-constituted representation, there are three forms whieh have beea generall used, to which it may be i tt to advert. Del egates have been appointed to a national conven- tion by the State Legislatures; or they have been sent directly from counties, towns, or districts ; or through the instramentality of State conventions called for the purpose The State of New York affords, probably, the best specimen of the manner of sending delegates through a State convention to the national convention. The townships first send delegates to the county. From these delegates, at the county meeting, deleguies are selected to be sent to the eapital of the State. Ta the convention at the capital, from these, are se. lected the delegates to the national convention. A general resolution is proposed, } cling the del egates how they shall vote in the national conven- tion who, of course, vote accordingly. Here, then, are four fi trations of the popalar will throagh the hands of politicians, before it revebes the ma- tional convention; and when it comes there, it comes with the voice and with the strength of this powerful State, Now we willtake it for granted, that, by this representation, the popular will is tair ly and tully developed at each stage of its operation; —what 1s the effect of the system? Suppose the Democratic party in this State to be nearly equally dividad in their preferences tor the individuals to be the President and Vice President of the United States ;—the weaker half of the party (thousands and tens of thousands in number) are kept out of Suppose, further, that between and the national convention, the State is nearly equally divided the Federal and Democratic parties that as_between the Democratic candida whole Federal party would preter the individ jected by the Democratic State convention ;—the result would be, that a little over o people would, in fact, be represented, whilst these representatives would wield the power of the whole State in the convention, and consequently in mak- ing the President. Now, this result is not in con- formity to the federative feature of the Constivution, which is resorted to when the election fails by the electoral colleges ; for then, the States being Sove- reign, and equal in their sovereignty, each State has equal weight in determining the election, and votes one vote. Nor is it in conformity to the other great basis of our institutions—the popular will, The delegates are sent to the convention by an ag- gregate majority only of the Democratic party, which makes them the representatives of a minority of but little over one-fourth of the State ; and,when this system operates on all the States, it is demon- strable, that less than two millions and a half people (aot voters) living in but seven States, out of the seventeen millions and a halt inhabiting the twenty six United States, may dictate the President. By this system, the popular power of a State is com manded in the convention by a federative action Each State acts as a State, but wields the power of uumbers. This can only be done at the expense of an immense suppression of the popular will. Power is gained to the Stare, but it is lost to the people Liberty yields to the lust ot dominion. 1 have heard of but one argument in defence of this system—that the Presidential election is practi- cally carried on, in a method somewhat similar, by the general-ticket system, which is obnoxious to thesame objections and results; and, therefore, it is right to organize the convention on the same principles. ‘ i The general-ticket system, is not presenibed in the Constitution for electing the Prestdent and Vice- President of the United States ; and there are ma- ny reasons for that system in the election for mem- bers of Congress, which do not apply to the election ot President. Legislative are very different from executive functions. Members of Congress, al- though all of one party froma State, in themselves can do nothing. They meet in common with ma- ny times their numbers from other States, and are liable to be overruled by the Senate, and by the Pre- sident with his veto. The President, on the con- trary, acts alone, and within his consti utional sphere, is controlled and controllable by none ; whilst he holds in check the whole legislation of the country. When Congress adjourn-, members of Congress are disrobed of their power. Not so the Executive. Daily, throughout all the ramifications of the Government, at home and abroad, on the ci- tizen here and on nations abroad, his power is ever active. Members of Congress represent compara- tively few, even if they represent a -vhole State by the general ticket system. The President represents, in his functions, every man in the United States. The fountain of all honor, he bears the power, and 1s the living embodiment, in the operation of the laws, of all the people of the Union within the li mited sphere of the Constitution. The one officer is higher, more responsible, and more popular than the other ; and therefore requires a closer and more extensive popular control. But the attempt tojustify the appointment of del egates to a national convention on the general-ticket principle, in the election of President, is not only heaping one abuse upon another, but is insisting on an analogy, where no analogy exists. If the adoption of the general-ticket system in the election of the President of the United States is justifiable at all, itis, not upon the ground of making the election more comformable to the will of the people, but of countervailing an unconstitutional ine- quality and wrong, which our political opponen's in other States might attempt to perpetrate. When some States, of one party, in orderthat they might carry more weight inthe Presidential eleciion, by suppressing the power of the minority with their limits, by general ticket, adopt this policy, all other States, to be equal with them, must adopt it also. Otherwise, they might be divided ; whilst the States enforeing it would be united, and carry there- fore double their legitimate weight in the electoral colleges. If the Federal party seize the whole power of the States in which they are in the ma- Jority, and suppress the voice of the Democracy within them, the Democrats must do the same in those Stat«s in which they have the ascendane This is the justification. But does this hoetile policy—alone detensible against political foes, who have rendered it necessary by their own injustice— apply to the assembling of political friends? A Democratic national convention consists only of Democrats. It is, therefore, a congregation of po litical friends, identified in principles and fate, fighting under the same banner, for their common interests and liberties. No portion of them are ene- mies. Why, then, should they be treated like ene- mies? Unlike political enemies, exc'uded—all Democrats, it is expected, will abide by, and sup- port, the nomination of the convention. Why, then, should notall be admitted into its consulta- tions? It is not by hostility, that friendship is usually cemented. Proscription and exclusion in a party, are strange methods for producing zeal, har mony, or peace. The principle (or rather the ab- sence of principle) which would exclude a portion of the people of a State from the convention, might exclude the whole, and surrender up at once the whole matter of the Presidential election into the hands of party leaders. Itis arbitrary, wrong, and no practice of precedent can justify it. a he next method commonly used of nominating delegates to the national convention, by party can- cuses in the State Legislatures—is liable in principle, to nearly all the objections oesd to the system of State conventions. The people in the minorities, are equally suppressed. But in some respsets, this method of appointment is better. The members of the Legislatures, have actually been voted for by the people, and the ballot box is available as a pro- tection and corrective. There is some respon bility, and the delegat:s appointed to the convention, being but two removes from the people, are better conduits of the popular will. The last method in practice, of sending delegates immediaiely trom the people in town, county, or district assemblies, tothe convention, is the only one, consistent with the principles we have advo- cated. In representation, the great secret of the popular ascendency—the rule of the greatest num- ber—is in division. The voice of the people, must be taken in parts, to obtain the whole. Suppose one hundred thousand voters in a State—sixty theusand being of one party, and forty of the other. Take the sense of the whole aggregately. and the sixty thousand rule, and the forty are ruled. The forty are not only not heard, but their numerical power may be used to place a man ever them as their ruler, whom they may distrust, abhor, and fear. Buttake the sense of this State, in parts of a thousand each, the forty thousand will be heard in a General As sembly with other States, and may be a part +f a majority inthe whole Union. To enable as many a8 possible to rule themselves, is the principle of a Democratic representation; and the expedient to accomplish this rule, 18 to take the sense of the peo- ple inthe smallest aggregate numbers possible, con- sistent with the number of represencatives who can efficiently act, when assembled for deliberation. NEW YORK, THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 26, 1843. a oa ay it INE OF —- —————— This is the principle sought to be enforced, although very imperfectly, in sending delegates from towns and countiestothe convention, There is also im- fee value in the immediate communication of the people, by their delegates to the convention, without going through the purifying process of a half dozen caucus distillations, under the skillful alembiecs of party politicians. Butit is vain to act # principle, unless generally adopted, When ith the other two methods of the convention, it is too weak Yet this principle must be adopted, to be pursued if a national convention is to be organized in con- formity to the sperit of the Constitution, or the su- premacy of the people. ¢ . A national convention, is not the first expedient of the Democratic party, for concentrating their will od uniting the pariy in the Presidential election. On the first election of Mr. Madison, the congres sonal caucus system, for nominating the President acd Vice Presigent of the United Stat adopted. It continued until after the nominal 0 Mr. Crawford. All the other Democratic candi- dates—General Jackson, Mr. Lowndes, and Mr. Calhoun—ecame out against the congressional cau- cus Bomination, and were supported in spite of it. It was argued, that this system had become cor- rupt’ It had fallen inte the hands of politicians, whe, operating oa the hor es or fears of members of Congress, set aside the will of the people, and substi- tuted party machioery and personal inducemerts in te stead. It was denounced, moreover, as being ineonsistent with that popular choice and control in the election of their Chief Magistrate, which the Constitution contemplated and guarantied to the pe: . These arguments, prevailed ; and the elec- tion of 1824, which placed’ General Juck#on above bis competitors, royed the system At the wext Presidential election, General Jackson, without any pominatien bat from the people, was elected over Mr Adams. The history and the fate of the congressioval caucus system, teach this important lesson—that no intermediate ney between the people and their Chief Magistrate in the Presiden- tial election, can be sustained, unless responding to the popular will, and moving in harmony with the spiritot the Constitution. ji The power of a natioval convention, in uniting the Democratic party on the election of a President, has never yet nm tried. There never, in past conventions, has been any difference as to the President; and so far, therefore, as this office is concerned, there never has been any necessity for calling aconvention. This method of nomination. originated preparatory to General Jackson's second term, when Mr. Van Boren and Mr. Wilkins, of Pennsylvania, were the mést prominent candidates tor the Vice Presidency. The party was united as to the President, and divided only as to the Vice President. General Jackson, of course, in the con- vention, Was Gaanimously nominated for President, and Mr. Van Buren got the Vice Presidency. In the next convention, there was no difference again as to the Presidency, for the frends of Judge White, of Tennessee, kept out of the convention. But the convention again differed as to the Vice Presidency, and Col, Johoson got the nomination, and was litte tothe Vice Premdeney over Mr Rives of Virginia In the lust convent held in 1540, Mr Van Buren was the unanimous choice forthe Presidency. The convention again differed as to the Vice President, and, fearful of the weakness of its authority, it for- bore making any nomination for this office. For the first ume since the systam has been resorted to, has there been any difference in the democratic party, as to the President of the United States. ‘The Democratic party is clearly in the ascendant inthe United States; if they actin harmony with each other and fairly and faithfully carry out their principles, the day is far distant, when they will feel the disaster of anether overthrow like that of 1840. with Bat there can be no cordial co-operation t conhdence; and there can be no confidence a spirit of candor, forsearance, and equit dealings. Suspicions, jealousies, riv i nd even pertonal aniunosities among leaders, vill probably always exist in every party. These baleful principles will be ever too waketul to seize on even “ the appearance of evil,” to make it evil— to sow dissensions, exasperate prejudices, and, in every way, e individuals the party, or the party subordin to individuals. Those who look to something higher than men—who belong to a party, not as the personal retainers of a a and ambitious individuals, but as followers of trath and liberty, will seek steadily, in the party’s ascendancy, the country’s good; and, whilst they will disdain to wrong or oppress their political adversaries, t will still more revolt at the practice of injustice to- w their party associates. To be strong, we must be united; to be united, we must be just—just in our party arrangements, as well as our genera, principles. A party, moving on any other princi- ples, moves onward to its grave: _ Let it not be supposed that the selection of the individual tit to be the chief magistrate of this great Republic is an easy matter. It is vain to hope for any reformation in the General Government, but by the conjunction of two circumstances—a reforming Congress, and a reforming Executive. Ii the Exe cutive be not exact, energetic, and honest in the administration of the Government, Congress will in vain legislate. By mere administration, probably one-fifth of all our expenditures can be saved. To make accountability rigidly account, and responsi- bility stand up with clean hands before the people, in the vast disbursements of such a Government as ours, requires not only a spirit to rebuke and sap. press abuses, but the bold tact and industry to find them out in their foul hiding places, and, wuh a whip of ten-fold cords, to seburge them from the dark recesses of the Government. An easy laci- lity, which hates to offend—an indolence, which shrinks from a task which might appal a Hereules —a corruption, which looks to office as a re ward for partisan services, and, therefore, winks atthe accumulation of Government retainers, and the misconduct or plunder of party coadjutors—will not do. The times require a man for our chief ma- gistrate, not only pure himself, but to make others pure—not only of good intentions, but of reseluce will—not only of correct. fixed general principles, and personal firmness, but, like a great leaderon « battle field, capable of breathing his own high « into all whom he may cal! to aid (a the great work of redeeming the country from the wretched pol: cal quackery and teeming abuses, which long years of false legislation has ees The people have demanded reform. The whigs promised i They have not redeemed their promises, and they have been rejected by the people with scorn. The democrats promise it. They must fulfil their pro- mises, or a fate equally ignorninious aweite them The federal party cannot be a reform party. Their principle of government intervention in eve- ry thing, is essentially corrupt, and fatal to all pwr ty in administration, or even the existence of a re- publican form of government. The demoeratre par ty alone can be a reform party ; and when they pro- fess economy, retrenchment, low and just taxes, and astrict adherence to the constitution, they profess to do only what all their poltey and principles re quire. Not to reform, ishardly a doegrace to teder- aliem. The only disgrace is, in attempting the pal try imposture, the impudent Charly A de. ceiving the people, by professions which can only be fulfilled by abandoning all their prinewles But when the democratic party, with contrary proneiples, carry out the practices of tederalete—when they na fail to insure to the people a restricted, frugal, honest administration of the governme traitors indeed ; traitors to all their principles and te the people. And to whom shal! the people then trn for salvation? They will have tried both partes and both parties failing them, they may give op hopelessly to the resistless tide of corruption which sweeps the government over the cataract The time when a national convent semble, may be an essential element of f ” fal operation. On this point there ought fobe ne difference in the party ; tor all ought to yield to any reasonable ecruples entertained by any portion of the party against a premature and harried mowe- ment. The object being to hirmonize and satisfy all our friends, none ought to be excluded whe at any time would come to the conveation ; and that day, therefore, which will bring the fullest and faur. esi representation from the people, will be the best There are principles, however, which should not be Giaremarded in determining the time. Respect for the people requires that the convention should have their latest and maturest judgment in the selection of their ehief magistrate. It will not do to say that the people have made up their minds in favor of par ticular individuals, and, therefore, the convention should at once assemble. It the fact isso, it would prove there wasno need of a convention, and will justify a meeting Cg ny? as well as tour months before the election. Nor does it establish any thing againat the propriety of delay; tor what harm can waiting do? Dues not haste look lik: ‘king fear that the people might change? May it not arise from a distrust of the peeple t It the people have determined their choiee, then delay will Md a them the opportunity a little longer to weigh their determinations, and, if they choose, to change them. On the contriry, it the people have not made up their minds in the selection of their rulers, of course the convention ought not to assemble. It is not called to choose for the people, or to instruct them how to choose, but to give forth their choice Nor will it do, in justification of a premature meet- ing of the convention, to urge that the democratic - —t wh Price Twe Cents, ——_—_=_=_—_— party are differing among themselves ; and the con- vention, by nominating certain individuals, will close all differences. What are all these diflerences but developments of the popular will? The people are speaking—that is all. Does this offend you Do yeu dread the voice of the people? or would you have them to be mute, either from an incapability of having an opinion, or a slavish fear of expressing it? Wher: the people speak, we should hear. hen they seem to difler, we should pause, and wait their matured and considerate will. Be assured, we can neither suppress the people’s voice, nor force down upon them one whom they shall not choose to rule over them ; and all attempts to forestall their judg- ment and anticipate their choice, will eventuate in defeat, disaster, and. disgrace. ere isdom in time often beyond reasoning. Mistakes en this point have, within five years, wrecked both of the two great parties in the country, by two extra ses- sions of Congress The “ tide in the affairs of men, which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune,” will fatally reverse its current, when it meets with a dis- trust, which would force or circumvent the popular will; or a contempt, which overlooks or denies the popular intelligence. Let us confide in each other, and respect and trust the people ; and take that time for the meeting of the convention, to which there can be no ipa objections. The latest period, con- sistent with subsequent voting of the people at the and the action of the electoral colleges, is thi which, on this point, will harmonize all differences, and which ever! sound principle of democracy de- mands. Then fet the voice of the people be heard in the convention. Let it be heard in ite latest, loudest, fullest volume ; and all diflerences in the party, a8 to the individuals selected to be their can- didates, will then cease ; for none willdare disobey the people, or reat to counteract their omnipo- tent betest. All will meve in friendship and harmo- ny together ; and the peace and triumph of the de- mecratic party will be secured. A convention is necessary to unite the democra- fens convention which will truly reflect the wi and feelings of the democracy, and move in accordance with the spirit of the constitution.— ‘Those who oppose an organization, which will ac- complish these ends, whatever pretext they may ad- vance, are in reality opposed to a convention. No true friend of a convention or the people, should in- sist on terms, which outrage the conscience, and militate against the plainest principles of duty to the le and the constitution. Let those who insist upon such terms take the responsibility, and attempt not to charge it uponothers. Fearlesaness and fair- ness, even in wrong, often make wrong respecta- but when supporting truth and justice, they will ever be irresistible. Columbus, Ga. [Correspondence of the Herald.) Cotumsus, Ga., Jan. 17, 1848. Dear Sin— Before this letter reaches you, you will have learned of Col. Hepburn’s death, through the papers. The history, as it willbe there given, is not the true one. The gentleman who shot Hepburn was tried and acquitted by a jury of his countrymen, after a full and impartial investigaton. It was pro- ven on trial that Hepburn had, to four different per- sons, expreseed his determination to take the life of Gen. McDougald, und that the evening previous to his death he lay in wait for McDougald with abrace of pistols, and McDougald was advised of and next morning he followed McDougald into his back room, and approached him, face to face, with hos- tile looks, slacing his right hand to his left breast, in the act of drawing, as McDougald sy weapon, when McDougald fired and killed him. turned out that he was in the act of drawing an abusive and insulting letter, which he had addrese- ed to MeDougald to provoke an attack. Hepburn was found to have a brace of pistols in his overcoat pockets, when he fell, loaded. Philadelphia. [Conespondence of the Herald. Purapenrnia, Jan. 24, 1848. Dear Sin— This morning commenced with one of the mos, violeut snow and hail storms | ever saw, and now while I write (4 P.M.) the sun is shining with Au- gust brilliancy, “ and not a cloud obscures the gay serene.” The Court Martial now progressing at our Navy Yard fer the trial of Lieut. Tansill, has as yet de- veloped nothing but certain evidence of the cruelty of Lieut. McLaughlin in the “everglade expedi- tion,” and the fact that Tansill was cut by brother officers. These trifling court-martials are a disgrace to the service, and should be discountenanced by the department instead of encouraged. I told you a short time since that Dr. Ely was lee- turing in this city to the young men of Philadelphia: would you believe it, he lectures before the Ame- rican lnstitute this evening on ‘ Misseuri_ and its attractions 7” Missouri is the scene of the Doctor’s former land operations ‘The operatics, who have been exceedingly suc- cessful at the Chesnut street theatre, have been re- engaged, and open to-morrow evenil the “ Marriage of Figaro,” and repeat “‘ Stabat Mater” on Friday night. The Walnut still, however, main- tains its stand as the most pear theatre in Phila- deiphia—they play to-night three pieces with the entire strength of the talented company. Tom Flynn and the Olympic are sparring in the Fel way Flyon s he purchased the lease of 1! Olympic from Charley Thorne, and Mr. Dumbleton, Mr. Welch's agent, refused him admittance. He brought a suit, which was decided this afiernoon by Alderman Mitchell, by binding Mr. Dumbleton over to keep the peace. y eee Pn Literary Notices, ‘Tux Anrisr— Published by F. Quarré—Printed at the Herald Office. The number of this beautiful lady’ book for next month, hasbeen irsued. It is every way worthy of its predecessors. The typo~ graphy and mechanmea! execution of the magazine are of the highest order of elegance, and the illus trations reflect the greatest credit on the taste and genius of Mr Quarré) Thee number completes the first volome of the work, and a very splendid title page w agiven. There also a very beautfal ea- graving » magnificent bouquet of ro- ein border, and the usual fashion plate. The lndves cannot be without thus favorite work Waveniy Novers, Ne H—Twr Ansot.— Post, @ Bowery. —Thie haw just been ismued. Preven Revoworion — Post, 88 Bowery. —No ® of thu valuable work has been published Sepertor Court. Before Judge Onkley Gomi 1 Léscoms —Thie oe oe es eae premecs in Her. hat the rent had been paid to C. preved thar in ® former gworn thet be bed set yaid the. res Jed [rom bie defence 1” ‘Verdet tor plaintiff, $170 aad interest M O Bowmen fr Southard Van Voorhies for Aefen tent Before Judge Ingranem. Jan 8 Joke Wether on Roderick Me Leod —Thia wes an action Of replevin, te recover @ piano. Thedelence ees that they it. Verdict for pl $2) damages and Scents costs, and oaquse the waite of Ube praperty, st 9188 W Mouiosk for piainu © Nagle for defendent. R. MART "Qc, dohe etreer ay oarre + pabbabers The hulowwg works, 1 pout of sti Sale Si veer arya — tlete's Americas Beevery, tu parte or complee Find o's Tabiesus of National Charseter, Beanty and Ooe- rasne sitery of Briviah Are ‘This work has t» equal. ietes ks peouapd. sx pars or sompuene et jeu? 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