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HERALD. | Novel Political Movement In Philadelphia The Ph apers of yesterday give an ac. autot a vement in favor of President erand the present administration, which is pro- t popular asemblage of the kind that » followi ace in this country. T the proceedings Hp sec Democ- or tHe Peorse—Tyrer snp ned by f crowded atan early nized by ealling Tuo. yair, and appointing was BRaproxp f the following Vice : Haviland, Thos. 8 Lenais Mealey, and Col. Michael An- Henry Hel- Joseph Ivedhe an, Dr. son, Thomas N. Myers, aud P. S. Clawges. ‘43 appropriate and spirit-stirring. lost promineat of those who addressed rowded assemblage, were Thomas Bradford, Ca motion of Samuel Bradford, Esq. the tollow- lutions were read and adopted. sit isthe Ti ad_usage of the American at important periods in their political aifuirs, to gether and express their sentiments concerning the same. And whereas, the Vice'President of the United States having become by the act of Providence, the constitutional Chie! Magistrate of the Nation, it is the duty of all who believe that the present Administra- tion of the Union, now in the outset of its career, is con Ancted with signal ability iming with untiring veul to promote the good of ti untry, freely to utter their opinions in favor of thei ful public servants : erefore, as the sense of this meeting, be it . Resolved, That however we might admit the neces- sity of party association, under certain eircumstances, for the purpose of yindicating principles or accomplish ing measures, that there are periods when a paramount regard to the public good demands the union of the people under the broad banner of patriotism, inscribed with the motto of “0: NTR1, OUR WHOLE COUNTRY, AND KOTHING BUT Ovn CouNTRY.” 2. Reso'ved, That we believe such acrivis now to exist, ond as witnesses to the fact, we point to th hausted tion of the National Treasury, the suspen ied faith purrassed resources of individual States, the de- of monetary institutions, the derangement of he hopeless bankruptoy of thousands of our tizens, the langour that paralizes the arm of and the bosom of enterprise, and finally to the 1 and Wayering condition of our National Le- disten Fislature. 8. Kesolved, That we hold it to be one of the most im. portant obligations of the National Government, to furnish acurrency which may facilitate business, and enable industry to find its highest rewards ; and thata Bank of the United States aud a Snb-Treasury, have both become impracticable, because opposed by a ma- jority of the people. 4. Resolved, That in the disastrons statefof our monied affairs, the resu't of a defective system of Banking, ex- c » speculation, and the Want of a sound circula- ting am, the Exchequer Bill proposed by the National Executive, is calculated to afford relief to dustrese, and improvement to currency,and is ameasure 1 parties can wnite without any sur- tional scruples or long cherished 5. Kevelved, That immediate action on the part of Congress with refer to this subject, is a duty, the performance of which, the people demand of their Re- presentatives. A ©. Reselved, That it be earnestly recommended in t Legislature of Pennsylvania, to avail itself of the pre- sent opportunity, to introduce reform in the Banking System of the State, and to grant no charter to an in- stitution of that character in future, without guarding the public from the manifold evils entailed by,the pre- went m- 7. Resolved, That this meeting highly approves of the sentiments expressed in the late Message of Governor Porter, enjoining upon our State Legislature the ne sity of passing a law compelling the Banke of the Co monwealth to resume specie payments at the most pi ticable time ; and also the patrietic stand he has taken in urging the liquidation of our State debt, where- by the high reputation of the goo4 old State of Penn- sy lvania may still stand uncontaminated in the charac- ter she holds at home and abroa &. Resolved, That the administration of President ‘Tyler deserves and shall receive our cerdial and united rapport, and that we invite patriotic freemen to rally to the standard of a National Executive, whose principles are designed and calculated to promote the welfare and honor of our country. 9. Resolved, That inthe name of the America we indignantly repel the imputations against grity and patriotism, hazarded by the willing scr.ipulous instrnments of faction; and point with pride and pleasure to his long career of public service, and the eminent station that he has filled with such distin- guished ability, as his triumphant defence and strong- at eulogy. i 10. Resolved, That we will approve of future legisla- tion, gradual but certain, which shall require our banks to pay specie for their notes, and effectually protect our Commonwealth against all future sus; ns. lL. Resolved, That the meaeures of National Defence, and the Foreign Policy recommended by President Ty- Jer, will insure our security at home and our respect abroad. ne 12. Resoloed, That we deprecate a capricious repeal ofthe recently enacted Bankrupt Law, and trust yet to see its provisions spared to the unfortunate debtor. 13. Resolved, That while we admit and appreciate the embarrassments of the country, we have the most un- saaken confidence in the resources and energy of the people; and while we are aware of the heavy debts of the nation and the separate States, we still repudiate * neve piation;” and werejoice to know, although despondency may o’ershadow some portion of the land, that no party cai be found to sdopt the violation of plighted faith as an item of its political creed M Resolved, That we will sustain President Tyler in the principles which have gnided him in relation to Ex- ecutive patronage; and that in refusing to sanction politi- cal proscription, and in his determination to prevent termeddling, he has honorably fulfilled the pledge of his lamented and patriotic predecessor. We regret to state that before the meeting had tairly adjourned, strong. and no doubt premeditated, etlorts were made to distur» the proceedings ina manner which disgraced those wlio either promoted or participated in them. The crowd tried several times after the adjournment ot the regular meeting, 10 organize another meeting—first, by calling Profes sor Hare to the Chair, which he declined; thea IDa- vid Hill, John M. Kennedy, &c., and when we lett, the court room was all tumult and co Colt's Trial, This singular trial has reached the seventh day, and is likely to Jast as "many more. ('p to this stage, sirty-three witnesses have “een examined. — Yesterday a number of experiments were made in firing off Coit’s pistol, with simply a percussion cap. ‘The Couat also ordered the dead body of Adams to be disiaterred for dissection, in order to ascertain whether a ball can be found in the head. Other singular developments were made y day. The body of Adains was dug up yesteaday, his head cut off, and the skull brought into court and examined. And the way the killing fully proved by Dr. David L. Rogers; and |r ‘agreed with him. The two fatal wounds were ven with that hatchei, and all the humbug about the pistol wound was blown to the winds.— We advise ove readers to read the report carefull w= we have trom the first day given the evidence more fully than any other paper. Akogether, this trial presents the most remerka- ble features ot any tria’ See our re- port on the first page ter was done ever known: Boz—Box—Poz —Mr Cuarces Dicxess —We do pity poor Charles Dickens from the bottem of our hearts. He hasarrived at last. He has before him a series of persecu ons inthe shape of dinners is, seeing sights, hear speeches, and sitting up to midnight hours, that wil] Jeave him hardly time to say his prayers. There are cliques of small litterateure in all our large cities, that will almost tear him limb from limb in kindness The last time we suw Charles was at the firt annual dinner given in 183%, by the “ Society of the Press Association,” embracing all the editors and reporters of the London press. He was seated atone of the tables, at a long distance from us, and we believe it was the editor of the ‘ London Lite- rary Gazette” that pointed him out to us. Charles looked like @ modest young man, rather heavy, and tiable in appearance, almost any thing but the Piant geninshe has turned out to be edo pity Charles Lickensa second time. Ie has to “suffer come,” as dear Dick Riker used to say ale knows not the torment, the annoyance, the ex. crasive civility he has to undergo. Heaven save him! Here isa beginning in Boston :— Oa Monday, Mr. Dickens paid a visit to. the Le wislatare of the State, with the Warl of Mulgrave aod Mr. Consul ( an. The mercantile Journa saye—"* Mr. Dickens was introduced to the Secre- ry of the Commonwealth, Mr. Bigelow, who ac panied him through the different parts of the Capitol. His appearance in the Senate Chamber created quite a seneation a ts, shaking of the han was d there to residen of tb aad expre pleraed with the visit” in the evening we see-he wae an Lvunced to appear at the Tremont Theatre, | of our foreign export trail The Prospects of Trade for 1842, ‘There is great deal of speculationabout these dull ive to the prospects of the trade for the some think that it will be revived— will fall off—some don’t know what to end others want to know what to think. y last steamer from Liverpoolwe have | received our files of the ‘Bankers’ Circular’? com- | 1 which we extract a very interesting ar- on this subject. ‘This joumal is conducted by e ot the ablest practical fiuanciers in London, aud has been an observer of the phenomenon of uade troughout the world for half a century. His opin- ions are, therefore, worth something. So here they are. days, rel presen some t think, a {From the Bankers’ Circular, Dee, 31, 1841.) Atthe commencement of the present year thus stood the most prominent circumstences which aifect eur mer- cantulecondition. We had gathered a good harvest of corn of the finest quality, and the autumnal seed time had been an auspicious one, premising abundant future sup- plies. The Bank of -nglund was recovering from a state ofweakness, and mauilested uaequivocal symtoms of gradually getting into that firm position which would enable her to render efficient support to the commerce of the couatry, The Bauk of the United States was prepar- iug to resume payments in specie, and most men in this country put faith in her ability to accomplish that under- taking, und again become a stable Bank, The election of a President in the United States favorable to the institu. ting ofa National Bank was then amatter of ascertained certainty. The appointment of Marshal Soult and M. Guizot to office gave promise of peace, stability and eco- nomy forthe government of France. The settlement of the Eastern question by the triumph of British power, seemed to ensure the peace of Europe, while the atfuirs of ludia showed that the power of England i that quar. irresistible. These prominent commercial and Jcircuinstances appeared to lay a firm basis for ce in mereantile enterprises, whilst a moderately low levelof prices of fibrous raw “aterials seemed to surnish equally good ground for confidenee in manufac- turing operation». isfy ‘These were rational grounds for anticipating favorable results for British industry in the year 1841. How came it to pass that theexperience of that year should prove it to have been one of the most disastrous for our com: mercial prosperity on record? The markets of North America, as Tarbeatr asthe Gulfof Mexico, have been goed for British manulactures ; the Chinese market uot very bad ; those of continental Europe much improved, and in a fair state of demand. These are the appropriate terms to describe the state of those large branches of our forcigntrade. Awdthe great proo! that the eviJ does not lie principally in this quarter is, that the value of tne ex- ports o British manufactures and produce, in the year 1841, will, we believe, be found within two or three per cent. of the highest value of the exports of several prece- ceding years, Then what is it that has spread universal apprenénsion among all classes, and made every rich man who deals in meney look at his borrowing neigh- bor with a feeling of suspicion and distrust heretoiore unknown in English society ? Itisthe malign working of the money power, spreading poverty over the land, We describe the operation of this power for the pre- sent instance in this manner. The situation ot the Bunk as to its bullion and deposits, according to the average quarterly returns, was this 1sdz. Bullion. | Deposites. January £3,557,000 £7,019,000 February 31846 000 March 2, 4,076,000 March 34, 4,339,000 April 27, 4,638,000 May 2%, 4,921'900 June 5,098,000 July 5,170,000 August 17, 5,106,000 7,956,000 From this point there was a gradual retrogression ; and the quotations stood thus, forthe 7th of December: bullion, £4,486,000, deposits, £7,369.000. Consequently, we must conclude that the pomt of time when the Bank had acquiredthe greatest degree of strength was about the Ist of July- The recovery to that state was slow, precarious, and pregnant with anxiety for the issue. It ept the Bank feeble, and made all other prudent distrib- utors of money apprehensive and cautious. The man of foresight who found hesitation or shyness at his Bank- er’s, immediately diminished his liabilities, kept less stock. and incurred less debt. The man who would in easy flowing times have employed twenty workmen, kept eighteen, sixteen, or fourteen, according to the ex: igency. Men engaged in large undertakings could not stop their operations without utter ruin ; the weakest of these failed ; those a little stronger, who could not get on without discounts aud borrowing, would, perhaps, in- duce come independent relation able to command the temporary assistance of his Banker, to go tothat Banker for supplies, and the Banker would not like to refuse this independent customer lest the refusal should be ta- ken as a confession of weakness. We could cite cases where inconvenience threatening embarrassment has been produced by this screw. So the thing has worked during the greatest part of the present year through all the ramifications of society. We have given the foregoing sketch because we are convinced that distress in most of the manufacturing dis- tricts so general, difficulties arising from shortness of money so universol in ali districts, conld not be produced by the state cfour foreigntrade. The home trade is ad- mitted by all to be of much greater importance than the foreign, and the former has been checked and obstructed ina much greater degree than the latter by the evil workivg ofthe money power. It has affected the mer- chants by forcing down the prices of their imports, the holders of shares of joint stock companies by depriving them in great messure of a market, the farmers suffer this Yeu from increased expenses arising from the weather and diminished produce of inferior quality. The condition of thes erests combined with those of the miners, manufacturers, and trading distributors before alludedto, suiticiently accounts for the unexampled state of depression in the seneral business ofthe country, The action of the money power being cramped and im- peded, through ali the ramifications of its operation end Influence, by the Weak and insecure state of the Bank of England during the first six months of this year, the protracted bed Weather which occurred inthe months of June, Jaly,and August, prodigiously aggravated the evil. Itproduced that extraordinary speculation in fo- reign corn, which accumulated two millions of quarters in our ports to be let out in the autumn at low anties.— This naturally, alarmed the Directors of the Bank ; and, although it did not occasion a great additional demand for the treasure in t! coffers, it prevented that influx ot gold aud silver which would have givencaseto the Bauk, end created among the Dinvctors a disposition to be more free and accommodating in their dealings wil the pablic. The restricted supply of money created ge: eral distrust, caused the credit ofevery Banker to be tried by the severesttest ; the weal:, uncircumspect,and improvident among that impertant body of men failed.— The stoppage within so briefa space of time of three large London Banks, the retirement on account of losses ofa fourth, and now the forcsight and wit a whieh suggests the junction of two others, the annihilation of the Mary-le Bone Bank with the loss of much more than its entire paid up ital, the amazing crease of the ordinafy bank ofthe Bankof Engh are striking facts w he nature of the particn: lar pressure on the banking interest of the metropolis. — And the stoppage of eight or nine private Banks and large Joint-Siock Bank in the couutry 8 with the sev. and universal operation of the pressure. The error, therefore, that we fell into in Janu in common with many of the most eminent m nd brokers of the country, was, forming acenc to the future, without an ade Die effects to be produced by af It is true that we spoke guardedly, and verse contingencies jut still events are far from having realized our views. sappointment has ensued, because upon the present system of the currency, no man ean form a correct opinion regarding its paliga influence, andthe destructive results of ita operation. Now we must say afew words as to the fature ; and, first, let us see ifwe can find any firm footingon which to build hope. With respect to the affairs of our best transatlantic customers, no seconc Bank of the United States can be broken down in the year 1542, but onemay and probably will be raised up in some degree to supply the place of that destroyed. ‘Ene importing merchants of the United States a a sound responsible body of men, whose business during the present year has been conducted with profit and advantage to themselves. The markets are bare of goods ;the farmers, who comprise more than eight-tenths of the entire white colored popu- lation, are in a good plight ; remunerative trate with their country im expected. The same in thecase of Canada. Peace is likely to be restored in ro, and with peace will come internsl tranquility, internal tratlic and industry, the return of confidence, and improved general resources and individual. The other States of anot be in a worse condition for carry- ing on a trade wit manofacturers than they have been in during the year 1sal, The foregoing premises appear to us to afford good ground for the conclusion that the existing distress of the country is much more attributable to the paralized condition of our domestic traffic rather than to the state and that this evil isto be as- bed to the want of an adequate circulating medium, and the serious appreheusion of that want. The most intelligible index of this state of thiags is the position of the Bank of England, as set forth in the figures of the second table above inserted ; but with a view to our speenlations for the future,the table first mserted is the most important. By that i appears that the Bunk of England is already in neatly as good a position as during any previous part of the year, and we ventnre to predict that before the expiration of the first quarter of the en- suing year there willbe very little short of seven mil. lions sterling in the coffers of the Bank; a snm consid erably higher than it has been for two years and a half, We venture to say this ou the knowledge of the strong Mux of the precious metals at the present time, and the tive calculations of, those persons best acquaint. th the subject . our triends have told us that we last week ited too cheering a view of the prospects for the trade of 1542; we take a more cheerful one this week, and we onvinced that nothing but the deplorable failures (owing to low prices and money-preseurc) that unobatru m South Americr are weekly oceurring, could hay 4 © prevented boty vious manifestation of “§ rere Usrrorrrante © books of the Dritish Queen and President steamship company show a loss of nearly fifty thousand dollars. Aamwvat or THE Enciaxp.—The packet chip En- gland, Captain Waite, arrived yesterday from Liver- pool, whence she sailed on the 18h ult, She has a full and very valuable eargo of dry goods. Her freight list amounts to £2,400. And she brings eight cabin passengers. We learn from Captain W. that about one hundred sail left Liverpool in company with him, having been detained by heavy westerly gales. The England has bad a) pilot on board for three days. ? Mr. Brownson’s Lecrurs Last Evenixo.—We have a full report of this curious, eloquent, and ori- ginal discourse, but are obliged to defer its publica- tioa till to-morrow. Tunre Days Laver raom Pensawnvco—We have received, by the way of Philadelphia, intelli- gence from Pernambuco to the 26th ult. There had been no change in the markets, and there was no political news of importance. All was quiet in consequence of the holidays. Prusce px Jovitte at Lisnon.—His royal high- ness arrived at Lisbon on the 24th ult., on board La Belle Poule. He dined with, and was knighted by Queen Donna Maria, of Portugal. Eantnquaxss.—This winter has been a remarka- ble one throughout the country. Nothing but mild- ness and earthquakes. Lately shocks have been felt in Missouri, Kentucky, and Illinois, and last Saturday there was a shock felt near Trenton, New Jersey. Albany. {Correspondence of the Herald.] Avpaxy, January 23d, 1812. The present Legislature have thus far evinced a much greater disposition to repeal existing laws than to enact new ones. As yet almost every mea- sure of general importance hasbeen a project to re- pealsome enactment of their predecessors. The bill of 1840, taking the power of appointing Bank Receivers from the Court of Chancery, and giving itto the Bank Commissioners, unwise and inexpe- dient as it has been generally conceived, was the first to share this fate. The granting of injunctions, Xe. is exclusively the power of the Court of Chan- cery, and although opposed, as the majority express ly declared themselves to be, te any extension of ihe already. overshadowing power of this Court, still it was indispensable as the Jaws stand, that the appointment of receivers should not be taken from them. Itwas supposed that the Governer would oppose his veto to prevent the repeal going into ef- fect, but his particular friends, and more especially those who are looked upon as his confidential ad visers, if noteven himself, had taken such strong ground against the exercise of the veto power, that with consistency he could not do otherwise than sign the bill. There are now two repeal bills yet in abeyance, which will doubtless speedily be ‘acted upon, and I doubt not receive the sauction of the Governor, with explanations, of course, similar to the one offered on his signing the Receiver's Bill. These are the propositions to repeal the New York Registry Law, and the Criminal Court Bill, Both these are denounced as unconstitutional, and as odious to, and against the wishes of the people of the City of New York, and the City Delegation are exerting their utmost to get them speedily through. There appears to be a feeling of jealousy and fear among the country members of dictation and as- sumption on the part of the New York members, which shows itself on every movement on their part in the House. As far as I have observed, this feel- ing isfarfrom being reciprocal on the part of the New York Delegation. The abolishment of vu 4 tal Punishment, so ably. and stgenuously urged by Mr. O’Sutxivay, will be another leading measure of the Session. ‘There appears to be a majority of the House in favor of such a change, and from the sentiment ofthe press, and the numerous petitions that are being received, it would seem that the people ure not indisposed to a trial of the experi- ment. The State Prison system will also be the special charge of the Legislature, and such modifi- cations and aiterations will be made, as to render it more acceptable to the mechanics, who demand it sustrengly. This will be the care of Mr. Wein, who is the mechanics’ particular representative. ‘These would appear to be the subjects of most general importance that will occupy the attention of the Legislature this Session. ‘There are ulso other subjects, which will receive a due share of consideration, such as the petitions in regard to ‘Tompsonien practitioners, exemption of household furniture from seizure, and the like. Asregards pub- lic improvements there sak variety of opinions, but{do not think the present Legislature will do any thing to committhemselves, as to any general course to be pursved in this matter, but will wait the result of the fall election. Meanwhile a great many private and local bills are being enacted, and business is being conducted with commendab’e rapidity. Mr. Towxsexp has introdnced a bill requiring the State Printer to pub- lish a weekly paper, in which all the legal notices shall be nseried. This should be entitled the * Lawyer's Gazette,” as it will be efno use to any body bat members of the legal profession. Its fate is doubttul, as it is looked upon by many as utterly at variance with the principles of retrenchment adopted in regard to this brauch of public expendi- ture, Cave Ucerscar. Heattu or 4 Usty.—Only one hundred and eighty deaths in this city last week. Of these but five were of small pox, and fourteen of scarlet fever. The Rev. M aft, versus the Press, Wassrxoton, Jan. 2, 1842 To tHe Eprror, &e.— Sm— Having long been connected with the newspeper press, for the preservation of the honor of which, as weil as that of its members and representatives, 1 feel asomewhat jealous interest, perhaps you will favor me with a litle of your space, mails I detail to you and your readers, a most yiolent and ungen- tlemanly atiack upon us lest evening, by the Rev. Mr. Maffit, from the pulpit of the Methodist Church. j The circumstances which gaye rise to it, 1 believe, are simply the following:—Having heard a great deal respecting the extraordiuary eloquence of th gentleman, and nota little, too, as to his extraordi- nary bombast and aliectation, | was induced to go and hear him Jast night, and took my note book in my pocket, with the view of taking his sermon, or any part of it that might be interesting. The church being very full, the most commodious place for wrl- ting that offered itself, was the centre of the right hand gallery, from which place 1 was able to take a full note of the reverend gentleman’s discourse.— About the middle of his harrangue, his eye having caught me, he gave utterance to the following nota ble piece of divinity :— “Some perhaps are come here purely to gratify their own selfish fee’ Some there are that come here who, instead of listening t> the word of God, take up their pencil and their paper to give an unfair representa; tion of the words of the man of God—those words which should have fallen into their hearts like streams of burn: ing fire. I need not sey thatsuch persona I hold in utter contempt. Some of those persons who take upon themselves the business of criticism, and who are as regardless of the characters of others as they are of their own veracity, who come to the house ef Gad to lough and to mock ot the minister and his words, when the man is perfectly natural, throwing his wheie soul into his subjeet—some to give effect to his sermons by gestures, which would better of those have represented him as endeavorin; become a stage actor than a preacher of Jesus Christ—a man who, God knows, uever saw a stage, except tl stage of huntan life, and who never went upon any stage save that of the pulpit. This is one reason why men dont come tothe house of prayer to get good. They come only to tear andto analyze the manners and the matter of the servant of Jesus Christ, who is dying in and to win them to a bleeding cross. So far, however, from caring fur what they say or what they write, hal lelnjah ! 1 thank God I never fear the face of don’t mean the man Clay—and as it regards this matter Ifeel perfectly indepondent; and I tell you now, that I care as little for these letter writers and re- porters as Ido forthe dust under my feet. Tonly wish they had a better, an honester,and more honorable em- ployment.” . During this harrangue, the reverend divine made it his business to point hisfinger directly at me the whole time, which cireumstence, 1 need not say, caused the eyes of all the congregation to be cast directly upon me, many of them rising in their seats, while a general buz of astonishment and euri- osity pervaded the whole assembly, and fora mo- ment exeited my apprehension of being ‘ mobbed.” In conclusion, Mr. Editor, I have only to say that this attack upon me was very indisereet, and un- fair. Las@ure the gentleman that I never saw him in my life before ; and for any loss [ shall sustain for Cuatras Trearne he gorgeous spectacle of Undine, so long in preparation, was produced on Monday night at this most populer temple of the drama, and the expectations of all were more than realized, The manager promised nothing in his ad vertisements which he did not amply fulfil, and it ix to be hoped that the public will stand by him anc evsure him egainet pecuniary loss ia the prodaction t this speeracie. ‘The scenery ts truly. splendid, sud (ie tableaux grand. The evelutions by the fe je warriors were very pertect, and drew down ence applause, and each scene ax it was pre- i" elevred the most enthusiastic marke of ap pobaron Well dene, Thorne, vou ate err ainty prince of menagere 4 the wantof his talents, I certainly ehall not fret if [ neversee him again. Xo far trom having written any thing of him, 1 do not believe that I ever pre- viously mentioned his name, even in conversation, much less in writing. And to direct the attention of 4 whole congregation to me in the manuer in which he did, inerely because some candid letter writer had told the truth reapeeting him, was a course of roadet which was neither becoming a minister of Se gospel nor agentieman, much less that of a man Fetending to such extraordinary wisdom and ta wnt as the lev, Mr. Maflit. T attt,eir, Your obedient servant, DP. B. Temrieroy the pulpit of the Lord,to save them froma burning hell, nd them: |POSTSCRIPT. Washington, (Correspondence of the Herald.] Me! Wasmwneron, Jan. 24, 1842. Mr. Clay and the Constitution—Bankrupt Bull—Treasury Note Bill—New Point of Or- der In the Ho Mr. Clay made his long promised speech to-day, i support of his attack on the Constituuon, It had been announced with much flourish of trumpets, and a great effort was anticipated, but every body seems to be disappointed. It was feeble and incon- clusive as an argument, and although delivered in his usual admirable and forcible manner, produced no great effect on any of his hearers. No man ever made a more injudicious movement, and few have ever experienced a more signal defeat, than this is destined to receive. Notwithstanding all Mr. Clay’s protestations to the contrary, the people cannot be convinced that this attempt to emasculate the Con- stitution, to cut off the power of the Executive, and to deprive them of the protection afforded by the veto against the passionate or inconsiderate legisla- tion of a mere majority in Congress, had not its origin in pique at the defeat of his scheme to force agreat bank onthe country. The exercise of the veto, a power in itself eminently popular, conserva- tive and tribunitian, to avert such a calamity, is hardly calculated to induce the people to look with a favorable eye on attempt to subvert the Constitu- tion. The consideration of the resolutions is deferred fora week. There will then baa long debate, after which they will probably be killed in the Senate, and it will be along time befcre another man wil] be found to attempt to lay violent hands on the Constitution. The yeport of the committee on the Bankrupt Bill, is expected to be disposed of in the Senate to- morrow. The prevailing impression is, that the bill will be rejected. Mr. Bagbee, of Alabama, who isin favor of the repeal, and Messrs. Dixon and Simmons, of Rhode Island, who are opposed to it, have been detained at their rooms by indisposition- If they are not able to be present when this bill is acted on, the vote is expected to stand 23 to 23. The Treasury note bill will probably cometup in’the house to-morrow. The bill may possibly be saved if the House refuse to concur in the amendment of the Senate, and a committee of conference shall be appointed. But if amotion is made te lay the bill on the table, it will, no doubt, prevail by a majo- rity of from fifteen to twenty-five. The democrats cannot consistently go forit in its present shape, and many ef the whigs are bound to oppose it under any circumstances. There are now pressing, im- minent demands upon the treasury, to the amount of more than a million and a half of dollars, without ashilling to meet them with. If the representa- tives of the people permit the government to be dis- honored ina squabble about a question of mere form, or from fabtious opposition to a patriotic ad- ministration, they must prepare themselves to breast astorm of popular indignation, such as rarely has been visited upon a recusant legislature. The probability of a re-union cf the whigs, in support of the administration, seems to be daily in- creasing. It is impossible to predict the precise pro portion of the party which will be embraced in the arrangement, but it is expected to comprise enough to constitute a majority of the House, and probably of the Senate also. The mode and manner in which this result, so desirable in every point of view, and the consequences to result from it, must be the subject ot a future communication. Amidst the confusion and uproar of the Honse of Representetives on Saturday, several exciting inci- dents oceurred, some of which are too good to be lost. One, ‘a point of order,” made upon Mr. Ar- nold, of Tennessee, by Gen. Dawson, of Louisana, has been the topic of general conversation since it took place. In order to make the reader to appreci- ate the anecdote, it is necessary to state that Mr. Ar- nold isa stout burly man, who has been in all sons of brawls and fights in Tennessee, and acquired such arecklessness and daring, that his friends supposed he would eat up an ordinary antagonist without meking a wry face or staying his appetite. Gen. Dawson is tall and thin, but museular, and one of the most graceful and gentleimenly men in Congress, No man is uniformly more courteous, better bred, or more obsedvant of the rules of the House. Mr. Rayner, from North Carolina, was calling MrfAdams to order in the midst of his scandalous villifications of the South, when Mr. Amold rose, and in the most insulting tone towards Mr. R. cried out, “Order! order! take your seat! I command you to take your set!” General Dawson then advanced across the hall, and taking a seat close to Arnold, addressed him in a tone as mild and polite as if he had been address inga lady or dame. “Sir, you are a coward—e blustering fellow, that makes a great noise, but without a particle of cou- rage.” Mr. Arnold asked him if he had taken that seat in order to insult and quarrel with him ? General Dawaon replied, “Yes, sir, I have come here expressly to insult and provoke you to a fight, if possible ; but Idon% believe there is any fight in you.” General Dewson, who is one of the bravest of men, wasall this time perfectly cool, and apparently under no excitement whatever. The conversation was held in rather an under tone, in the presence and hearing of several members, amongst whom wore Mr.Botts and Mr. Stanley. Mr. Arnold made no answer, and showed no resentment ; but quietly put the insult into his poeket, like a good Christian. This version of the circumstance is the one in eneral circulation ; but it is understood that Mr, Amold and his friends declare it to be incorrect in some of the particulare TWENTY-SEVENTII CONGRESS. Second Session. Senate, Mosnay, Jan, 24, The Senate Chamber was crowded this morning in every part, and its avenues were blocked up by many who were unable to gain admission to hear what was supposed to be Mr. Clay’s last speech before hisretirement into private life Notwith: standing the pressing necessity of dis josing of the Bankrupt Repeal Bill, and althou, fi there were other special orders standing in advance of Mr. Clay’s, all were made to give way, that Mr. Clay might take his last flng at Captain Tyler, an oppor- tunity to do which ne Proneply may not have after his yote on the Repeal o1 the Bankrupt Law, in op- position to the wish of his State Legislature. The effort of Mr. Clay, however, was unworthy of his great and undoubted talents, and the ladies espe- cially who had come in great numbers, with mag- nificent conceptions in anticipation, were wolully disappointed. Previous to the commencement of the duy’s proceedings, the Senate Chamber re. sembled a theatre on the appearance of some bright articular star ; crowding and s¢ weezing, cries of ats off, and the laughter which followed some harmless badinage, or the boisterous ebullition eli- cited by the accidental mishap of some luckless wight who had been tripped from some standing lace to reach which through the living mass, he eesathrenk sapited, diversified the scene until he solemn aspirations of the Congressio) lain produced silence, if not solemnly. seh 4 Tue Bargrvrr Law. Mr. Tatimavor Pomrested a memorial from citi- zens of Troy (who had formerly petitioned in favor of Bankrupt Law against the operation of the Bank- rupt Law in its present form. He presented a iu hamber against the Repeal of the Bankrupt Law, and the prvocedings of a large meeting held at La- fayette Hall, New York, on the same subject. Re- mons'rances were also presented — ‘any inter- ference with the Bankrupt Law by Mr. Mouton, Mr. Huntington, Mr. Mangam, Mr. Berrien, Mr. Evans, Mr. Young, Mr. Wright, Mr. Walker, Mr. Benton, Mr. Allen, Mr. Calhoun and Mr. Sevier, _ Mr. Waranr presented the proceedings of a meet- @ of Merchante, held ia the Merchant's Exchan New York, on the 18th. instant, praying for the amendment or repeal of the rupt Law. Daawnreks ow Rerissy Svoan—Fisrery Bountirs —Satr Tax. Mr. Bestox having presented the following reeo- jution, it came up in ite order: — Resolved, That the Secretary of the Treseury be di i tcted to report to the Senate os follows ; lst. A statement showing the annusl amount of draw back paid om the exportation ef refined suger from the commencement to the end of the year 1842. ya statement of such payments for the year 34. The estimated emount of such ‘payrarnts for the year 1642. 4th. The amount of duty annually paid on imported brown sugar as nearly as it can be computed. Sth. The anaual amount offishing bounties and allow- ances paid since the commencement of the seme, with the annual amount of the salt tax per bushel and the an- nual gross juct of the salt tax, and the nett product of the same after deducting the fishing bounties and allow- ances. 6th. The estimated amount of fishing bounty and al- lowances to accrue from the year 1842,and the gross and nett amount of salt tox for the same year. Mr. Evans asked the Seuator (from Miesouri_ to let it lie over until to-morrow, as he wished to offer he amendment extending the call somewhat fur- er. is Benrow assented, and the resolution was laid o a Apsournment Ov Conor Mr. Kino submitted a resolution to fix the peried of adjournment. He thought it was right and pro- per that this resolution ehonld be brought forward at an early day, that they might skape their begista- tion accordingly, and he bad fixed Monday the 30th of May ; and ifit wasdeemed an early day, it must be recollected that they,have had along Etre Ses- sion of four months, and that four months would intervene between this time and the day which he had suggested. In that period all their legislative business would be transacted, give to each eub- ject a fair and proper consideration. He should ee the resolution upon the table, hoping he should get the Senators to act upon it to-morrow. Several orders of the day were informally paesed over = enable the Senate to reach another import- antsubiect. . Mr. Crav’s Prorosep AMENDMENT TO THE Con- STITUTION, The proposed amendment of Mr. Cray to the United States Constitution, were next in orde and they were read by the Secretary, as follow: Resolved by the Senate and House of Represenatives of the Unit d States of America,in Congress Assembled, ‘two thirds of both Houses concurring.) That the iol: article be proposed to the Legislatures of the States as an amendment to the Constitution of ited States ; which,when ratified by three-fourths id Legislatures,shall be valid as part of the Con- itor or Representative shall, during the term or fraction of aterm for which he was elected, be ap- pointed to any civiloffice under the authority of the United States. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, (twe thirds of both Houses concurring.) That when bill which shall hall have passed the Seuate and House of Representatives ef the United States shal: ed by the President, with his objections to hi ature, if, upon its recon! ch House by a mojority e, notwithstanding the Presi. it all become a law ; and the re- quisition by the existing Constitution of two-thirds of each House again to pass the billiu such case is hereby annulled. 1fany bill shall be presented to the P’esident within a riod less than ten 6 (Sunday: cluded) from the rmination of the ion of Congress during which it have passed, and shall not be returned by him at that session, it shall be,bis duty to return it within the three first days of the succeeding session. 1f he should not so return it, the bill shall become a law ; and if he return it with his objections to his approbation and sig- nature within the time herein required, the two Houses of Congress shall proceed to consider itsin like manner an if it had been{returned during the session at which it had passed. And if, upon such re consideration, it shall again sseaeh House by a majority of all the members be- nging to such House, notwithstanding the President's objections, it shall become a law. Resolved by the Senate and House of Repre ofthe United States of America in Congress (two-thirds of both Houses concurring.) That tl tery, or other head, by whatever denomination he may be led, of the Treasury of the United States, and the ‘Treasurer of the United States, shall be, respectively. snnually appointed by a joint’ vote of the Senate and tatives, dy ballotor viva voce, the House of Represent Hi may severally resolve. When appointed, either be removed by iconcurrent vote of thetwo parately given, but neither of them shall be le by the President of the United States. Con. gress may provide by law for the case of a vacancy ec- curring in either of these offices vetween the periods of the annual appointments. Mr. Cray then rose and said, whatever might be the fate of the proposed amendment of the Con- stitution now submitted, in bringing them before the Senate, he should have the conscious satisfaction of having discharged a high duty. He regretted that this duty had not devolved upon some abler and more ekilful hand; but as it was one which he thought ought to be performed, and as no one else had at- tempted it, he thought he was bound to submit the proposition to the Senate for their consideration. Nor had the performance of this duty been prompted by any recent exercise of the power to which his re- solution related. He must however say, that whilst the preposition now made to amend the Constitution was one that he had thought of for a long period of years, and therefore had not sprung out of apy recent event, yet recent events had not tended to weaken, if they had not tended to strengthen, the force of the opinions which he had held before. As far back as seven vears ago a worthy and lamented friend of his of the State of Maryland, now no more, in concert and co-ope- ration with him, presented to the Senate of the Uni- ted States a proposition farther te limit the veto power. They drafted the proposed amendment to- gether, and the observations by which it was accom- panied, were the subject of consideration and con- sultation between that friend and himself. He ad- verted to this fact for the purpose of disabusing the mind of any person, if such there were, who enter- tained the opinion that these amendments of the Constitution had been suggested by any thing which had recently occurred. As far back as June or Au- guet, when, on one of the most solemn occasions on which he ever addressed a popular Assembly, he ad- dressed the friends of his youth and their descend- ants, of his native county of Hanover in the Com- monwealth of Virginia, he alluded to an address in which he had previously potted out the cousre of reform which he now proposed. - After speaking of the enormous growth of executive power and the exerdise of the veto power at the late session, the spree which he had in his hand proceeded to say that the first aud most important object which would engage the attention of the new administration was that ef circuinecribing the Executive power throwing around it such limitations and safeguards as would render it no longer dangerous public liberty. Thus it would be perceived by the Senate that what- ever of truth or virtue there might he in the opinions which he had formed on this subject, they were at least recommended to the consideration that they were deliberate opinions, that they had been often considered aad reviewer’, ind were not prompted by any thing of recent occurrence to which he had re- ferred. The pasticular amendment which was then before the Senate was that relating to the veto, al- though he might advert to the others, and while up on this subject, redeeming a pledze which was med + by him as one of the members of that party which triumphed ia 1840; he desired to be allowed to say to the prtenes of the Senate aud the coun'ry, in all truth and sincerity, that he desired nothing more than that a party when it came into power should faithfully execute all the promises it made when out of power—that it should not exhibit here an exam- ple which they had seen so often practised in other countries and nations,—that of professing one set of principles when out ot power and on coming into power forgetting all their promises and administer- ing the government exactly as their predecessors had done, and he assured gentlemen on the other side, that on the question of a reduction of Execa- tive power within proper limits—upon the question of a regulation of the dismissing power of the Exe. cutive, so as to subject it to a tair Tesponsibility, they would fiad him ever, on all occasions, during the short time he expected to remaina member of Brat body ready heartily to co-operate with them. It was not his purpose to go,except very briefly, into the history ofthe origin of the veto power: they know that it originated with the institution of the Tribunes of Rowre, and that it was seized upon after the empire began by Augustus, and if he was not mistaken, it was abolished in the reign of Constantine. It was doubtless introduced from the Roman cree to the monarchies of Europe, in most of which, under some modification or other, it was to be found; but in the governments to which they were in the habit of reterriag, it was not exercised. In Great Britain it had not been exercised for a centry and a half, and in France not atail. When the Constitution of that nation was under consideration, that veto power wasone which agitated the whole country; it was one on which Lous NVI. was attempted to be made ridiculous, by calling him Monsieur Veto, and hi if me Veto; but, he repeated, as knowledge went, there had noc been a solitary exercise of the velo power in France. It was un- doubtedly transferred to Seen gg under the colo- nial system, when there existed a double veto—the veto of the Governer and the veto of the Crown; and what was thought of the exercise of the veto at that period might be seen by the Declaration of our Rights in 1776, in whieh, at the head and commencement of the jong enumeration of rievances under which our foreiathers suflered, the exercise of the veto power was placed Speak- ing of the King it said, ‘‘he has refused his aseent to laws moat salutary,” &c. He had no doubt that the idea of engrafting on our constitation this veto power was adopted by the convention which tram- ed it, from the practice in Europe, and subsequently it was adopted by some ot the Sta! hough not by all It was now upwards 01 50 y: since the Con- vention’met to form this coustitutionfunder which we live, and it was no dimination of veneration, and reverence, and gratitude, which were due to the wisdom Patriotism of our ancestors, when one said that they erred there ; for though it was ae per- fect as any document produced by human hands, i: tld not be considered as perfect, because nothing heprang from man was perfect» After the lapse of this half ceutury it was extremely interesting to pause and look back to the Gonveation which Bate the adoption of thig principl: of our constitution, and compare the production of theory with the prac- tical resilte of experience. Any one who was ac- juaimted with the cotemporaneous history of the formation of the constitution of the, United States, would discover that there was one great radical error showa by experience. There was then an apprehen- sion that the Executive department of government, as it was proposed to constitute it, was too feeble, too weak to contend in the struggle with the Legislative department ; and hence ia the constitu- tion there were various propositions to strengther the executive arm. One proposition was, that the Chief Magistrate shouid be appointed for life; and there were various other propositions with which gentlemen were donbtless familiar ; but the idea was the weakness of the executive department, and the impossibility of that department contending, with success, with the popular branch. And now let them look a little to the actual vemrane,. of thie machine which our fathers cons'ructed in Pennsyl- - ,Let them see the idea realized. Much had been said, from ume to time, abont the encroach- ments of the General Government upon the States Goverament, and hence the formation of the States Rights party ; but he thought an exami- nation of the proceedings of the government down to the ut time would demonetrate that there had been no encroachment on the part of this government on the States governments 5 but if the time and the occasion were suitable, he could show that though there might not perhape have been encreachments on the part of the Statee on the General Government, there had been an abandonment of the duty of the General Govern- ment to such an extent, that the actual condition of the government of the United $ ates at this moment Tepresented to our minds the idea of a confeder.cy with nearly all the weakness and the imbecility which characterized the time preceeding the cen- federation. There had been no encroachment then, but on the contrary an abandonment of duty by the General Government; but there had beam a constant encroachment by one department—ihe Executive— on the Legislative department of the Government. Tae first encroachment was that which regarded the treaty making power. Ie thought it was impossible for any mau to read that clause of the Constitution without coming to the conclusion that they who framed that instrument intended that the Senate should be consuited in the ini iation of treaties—teat that they should be made ‘by and with the con- sent of the Senate;” and that that should be d af respect to the negotiations, the instructi: to our ministers,the general character of the treaties, prior to the conclusion of the treaties That wasa fair interpretation, he thought, of the Constitution, and i) was the opinion and practice of those who were first charged with the administration of the govern- ment. The Presidentthen came to the Senate and proposed the mission, stated its objects, and con- sulted the Senate on the instructions to be giyen to our minister, but on some subsequent occasion the practice was abandoned, and that which has ever since prevailed ensued—that is, the President with- out consultation with the Senate,oa his own respon- sibility and his own sensefof propriety, proceeds to negotiate treaties, promises a ratificution within e certain time, and then submits it to the Senate.— Now they all knew there was a great d.ff-rence be- tween rejecting it when the thing is done, and rejecting it before the thing is completely formed ; they all felt the necessity of giving their assent to a treaty to which they would not assent but ior the fact of itghaving been concluded, and the faith of the nation having been pledged to a foreign power. There was partber | coer guane of the practice of the President mepuciading e treaty, and it wes one of which foreign powers had fel: the inconvenience, that was the proposal of amendment of treaties ; as hence in seme ofthe later, provision had beenin- serted by foreign powers that treaties shall be rati- fied without alteration or amendment. The next encroachment of the Executive branch on the Se- nate of the United States, was in the exercise of the yower of dismissal fiom office. The ef flect of that power, or of that practice on ihe part ofthe Legislature was totally to destroy the agency of the co-operation of the Senate in appoint- ments to office. Of what avail was it, after solemn consultation, that the Senate confirmed the nomina- tions to-morrew, the person appointed, wag at will of the Executive. They knew how this power had been perverted from its original intention: it had been con‘endedithat the removing powerby the Executive could only be exercised for malieasance or malpractice. But the Executive was subject to impeachment! And what asecurity was that? No impeachment of a Chief Magistrate ever would be successful in this country, divided as itis by party. The Senate then it was seen had lost its influcnce by the exercise of this power of dismissal from office. ‘One man was dismi another was recommen- ded in his place, and he only need refer every inem- ber of the Senate to the numerous instances in which men were dismissed from office in which the. Senate if it could, would replace them in po wer, but in which, in consequence of the actual prostra- tion of their power by Executive action,.they were forced to submit to the nomination made, because they knew that a rejection would not be followed by the restoration of the person removed, and it might be followed by the nomination of some one still more objectionabl-. The appointing power on the part of the Senate then was almost nullified, and he often. on such occasions went out of the body be- cause he deemed it the, idlest eeremony, knowing how the offices were filled, and that the officers held their office, mot upon the constitutional tenure of the President of the Senate, acung together, but 02 the will and pleasure and upon the breath of one man. He would now pass to the encroachments which had taken place in the Con- gress of the United States! and the fiist that he would mention was the creation of offices and the fixaticn of salaries without the consent or without even consulting Congress. There were numerous instances at this moment of persons holding office under the Government from year to year oriksale ries affixed without Congress having passed at all on the subject. But there was another encroach- ment more foramidable and serious, which during the last few years had been developed—that was the assumption of the purse of the Nation by the course of Prone ang, pursued under _ for- mer administrations; he alluded to the seizure of the Depeaites, and ail the consequences oi that measure, with which might be enumerated the right of the President to conform the opinions of the officers of the Government to hisown. Thai was an assumption which was yet urprovided for— an assumption for which he should rejoice to see Congress capable of farnishing an adequate provi- sion prior to their adjournment—it was an assump- tion which placed at the feet of the executive the head of the nation. It was suid tobe a mockery to talk of the President drawing money from the Treasury but by an me pra th by law. But te!! him not of the responsibility of officers. Look atthe facts which had oecurred aid to the principles wh sk had vee avowed. é Tam at the ewienta lig vd ree Secretaries of e Treasury to the wil. of the President. Look at the'dismissal of nuin bere of officers because they did not hold the op «- ions of the President. Look at that Executive po: - erclaimed rs Executive; and of what avail w: re their lawe. ‘The President had to do no more th n had been done before, and to-morrow the tery of the Treasury issues his warrant fur any sum the President may require ; and he directs the ster: andComptollers to couniersign it. Ifthey believe that they owe duty to their country, and that they are boand by the obligations of law and of their eath, he will tell them ‘* Do what 1 command, and if ys do not I willfind pereons to execute my will.” He, (Mr. Clay,) saw then no safety or security against Executive power unless by an amendment of the Constitution; and the revival of the power be longing to Congress which existed in the com stitution, they secured those who were acting under the President and had vharge of the Trea- sury of the United States against the power of ismissal; and without thatall their atcempteto se parate the puree and the sword would be unavail- ing. He had shown that the pu.se had been seized without the authority of the constitation, and it was yet in the hands of the President. They hadseen armies raised by the authority of the exccut' ve, net only without authority of Jaw, bar, asin the case of the Florida sedentary militia, after the proposition had been refused Congress. He thought a cereful review of the operation of this govern- ment, from its commencement to the time, would demonstrate well, as he had said, that there were no encroachments on the pow- er of the government of the States, but there was a constant tendency. on the part of the Exe- cutive, to encrouch on the"co ordinate branches of the government. And was not this in the oature of things? The executive branch of the government was eternal in its action; it was everawake—it ne- ver slept—it was eontinuous—it was like the tide of some mighty river, constantly flowing, constantly acting, deepening and widening, in its onward pro- reas, till iLewept away every impediment and over- came every resisting obstacie that presented iteelf in its course. If they looked into Letty Oy wouldin ail time find this to be the case. le- gislative department, on the contrary, met enly pe- iodically—i's power consisted in i's assembling, and acting as @ legislative body—the moment it ceased to act and adjourned, its members dispersed and it disappeared—but there stood the Presidem ready to enforce the law, and ready to avail bim self of any cireamstance to advance = power, — The I'resident was ever present, while the i ‘ive power was in the condition to which he refer. red. Upem principle, let them now examine, for @ few moments, the motives which ought, he posed, to enter into the views of the convention the time of the formation of the Gonstitution. Let then throw themeelves back, if possible, to that mo- ment, and realize the considerations ich, per- ‘eps, operated upon their mind: —and let them com tions of the convention at the me- har occurred. On principle cer- =