New Britain Herald Newspaper, July 6, 1927, Page 3

“SEES PASSING OF MILITARY RULERS China Entering New Stage in * Her Life, Says Minister A new order of things is coming in China and western nations should have patience until conditions work themselves out, according to Rev, A. D. Heininger of the First Congre gational church. Rev. Mr. Heinin- ger, who spoke yesterday at the meeting of the Lions’ club, has spent considerable time in Russia and has just returned after having been at he head of the Porter Middle school 1t Techow, in the Shantung province. He said: “It is exceedingly difficult for us in America to g& a clear idea of the magnitude of the problems in China today. It i5 hard for us to comprehend the span of China's his- tory. If we go back through the 151 years of our own national life; then back through the 150-0dd years of our colonial life; then back through all the “houses” and dy- nasties of English, Norman and Sax- on rulers of England; back through the whole of the history of France; back through the days of the Holy Roman Empire; back to the glories of Rome, mistress of the western world; back to ancient and classical Greece; back to Egypt and Babylon, and the ancient Sumerian people, from that time on right down through these four or five thousand vears China has maintained herself and has made a history that is, in spots at least, bright with achieve- ment. In-the last hundred years she has had very greatly increased con- tact with the nations of the western hemisphere — nations that in this time have gone forward at a tremen- dous rate in the material things in lite. In the last quarter of a cen- tury China finds herself, with her huge population making up one- fourth of the people of the earth, go- ing through not one, but a whole serfes of revolutions; an intellectual and literary revolution, comparable to the Renaissance of western Eur- ope four centuries ago; an industrial revolution, whers the change is be- ing made from the handicraft or home-industry stage to the factory with power-driven machinery; a so- cial revolution where the customs and -social sanctions of centuries® standing are being questioned and “nothing is too sacred to be submit- ted to the scrutiny of intelligent criticism”; and a political revolution in which the autocracy of a Man- chu dynasty has been shaken off. and a government “of-the people, by the people, and for the people” is be- ginning to be worked out along Chinese lines and suited to the neds of China. 0 “Now 1t is impossible to go into all of these far-reaching movements in China in my talk today; we of the West have had four centuries and longer to encounter these revo- Jutions in serial order,—and we al not yet through with all of them: the mere mention of this fact ought to call forth on our part an attitude of sympathy and patience,—sym- pathy because the Chinese are tack- ling all four revolutions at once, and not one at a time as we did, and a doing so under peculiarly handicap- ping conditions which we didn't ha patlence, hecause if we read history of the western world for the last five hundred years, or read our own history in the decades immedi- ately following the year 1776, we shall see that the achievement of a modern democracy, strong and genuinely devoted to the best inter- ~sts of all the people, is not an easy task. We need not-think the Chinese are peculiarly perverse, and uncom- monly Inclined to carry on civil war- fare and to kill each other and to keep things stirred up in one big mess all the while. “China is passing through one of the great crises of her whole long history,—perhaps the greatest of all. Events of the last century have made revolutionary changes in her government, in her standards of in- dustry, and in the intellectual and national consciousness of her people. These changes have been hastened ystalized by steady penetration of forcign nations into China, a process accompanied by territorial depredations, by political ‘and econo- mic domination, and the forced in- troduction of trade. Out of these changes have emerged China’s two great problems today: the unifica- tion and reconstruction of her politi- cal and social fabric; and thg cam- paign towards liberation from op- pressive forcign coutrol. “The basis from which the major- ity of these changes have proceeded, wither directly or indirectly, lies in the provisions of the treaties negoti- ated between China and the foreign powers,—most of them treaties ne- gotiated after military defeat at the hands of western nations that had highly developed the art of warfare. Briefly, these treaties include: “The concessions in the treaty- ports, of which there are 49. “Extraterritorial rights, munity from Chinese law. “Maintenance of foreign troops on Chinese soil. “Control of the customs by for- elgners, regulating the tariff ' re- ceipts of the Chinese government. “Admission of foreign naval and merchant vessels to the Chinese ‘waters, and permission to navigate freely and under the jurisdiction of their several governments. “Exploitation of national resources and labor by foreign capital (includ- ing railway and mining privileges). “The “fhost favored nation treat- ment,”—that is, the provision that all foreign nations with interests in China be permitted to enjoy these privileges to an equal extent. “These privileges have furthered the development of foreign indus- trial and commercial interests, ‘and the introduction of w: ; on the other hand, they have contribut- ed to China’s political and economic demoralization, and to a growing opposition on the part of her peo- ple against treaty. restrictions, and against the psychology which has assumed that the prestige and pros- perity of the west in the east must be achieved at all costs. “Phe Chinese Revolution of 1911 was an attempt to create a new gov- ernment which should be stropg enough to cope with agression from without, and to ' conquer the forces of reaction within China. Many of the progressive Chinese felt that the Manchus had delivered their land to the foreigner. That' revolution was premature, and was only very par- tially successful. But while within the last ten years, since the disil- lusioning of China which took place at the time of the Great War, very rapid and very far-reaching changes have gone forward in the thinking of the Chinese people. In brief, one may say that this present northern expedition of the Nationalist armies is almed directly against foreign dominatjon as exemplified by the Unequal treaties, and incidentally against the military leaders who, di- rectly or indirectly, (as successors of the Manchus) hace made this do- mination possible. “During these years muthal sus- piclons and jealousles have grown up among the foreign powers in China. England and Japan are rivals for Chinese trade. lingland has led in volume of trade with China, and has consequently had, the right to appoint the director of the Chinese Customs Administration. Japan holds second place and chal- lenges England's leadership. Eng- land has felt obliged to maintain a strong front in China, not only for the sake of her interests there, but for the effect on her Indian Empire, —the Indlan Nationalist Party is outspokenly friendly towards Na- tionalist China. “Since 1911 the government at Peking has exercised little actual power. Power has for the main part been usurped by a succession of military governors who have ruled jtheir several territories despotically and from time to time have striven for control of the central govern- ment, Dr. Sun Yat Sen had been the first president of the Chinese repub- lic but when he found that the revo- lution was not sutficiently thoro- 8oing. and the actual power had got- ten into the hands of these military usurpers, he Kept up agitation for a more thoro-going revolution that would really bring to pass the es- tablishment of a genuinely demo- cratic government. He finally got a foothold in the south of China, and the spirit that precipitated the revo- lution has gradually created an or- derly and forward-looking govern- ment.controlled by the Kuomintang, of which Dr. Sun has consistently maintained its independence of Pek- ing. “This Kuomintang party or ‘Peo- ple’s Party’ is committed to the three fundamental principles or doc- trines enunciated by Dr. Sun: “Min Tsu or people’'s nationalism, the principle of national equality which includes in its objective the se- curing of freedom and self-deter- mination for all smaller and weaker peoples of the world, and so involves opposition to imperialism and every form of political domination of de- mocracy including free speech, free press, and free assemblage, And Min Sheng, or people’s livelihood, the principle of industrial and economic justice. This Involves an economic revolution dealing with the basic problems of food, housing, clothing, and communications. “According to the doctrine of this People’s party, the present revolu. tion is divided into three period The mlilitary period, or the move- ment towards unification, and the Nationalist armies under Feng and or im- (HELDERBER ) [} ©ur =] CEMENT LOOK for the "NORTH AMERICAN BLUE BAND Helderberg Cement, a product of the North American Cement Corpo- ration, comes in the with the blue band. Wher- ever you see this sack on a building job, you may know there has been dis- criminating selection of that vital building mate. rial——cement. We have Helderberg Ce- ment in stock at all times and can supply any quan. tity when you need THE CITIZENS COAL CO. 24 Dwight Court ' - . « .New.Britain, Conn Uptown Office Strand Bldg. NEW BRITAIN DAILY HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JULY. 6, Chiang are now engaged n their | drive into North China to end the domination of the war-lords, and to unify China under the Nationalist government; the period of tutelage, or the process of education and or- ganization,—when a great deal must be done in teaching the masses of people the fundamental principles that must underlie a modern nation- al government, and calling for a ivery great extension of the present very effective “Mass Education Movement;” and the coxatitutional or democratic, which is still in the future, when the citizenry of China shall in large numbers have learned the principles and proceedure of modern democratic government, and shall be able to carry on a govern- ment not for the sake of the govern- ing, but for the sake of the govern- ed. One may justly say that the Natlonalist party has won the ap- proval of all politically conscious China,—even in the north where the remaining war-lords are apparently about to be driven out. “The presefit military campaign is {20 attempt to realize the first of {these undertakings. The only way | they seem to be able to deal with {thg war-lords is by using military force in order to remove the ob- stacles in the way of the progressive program of the party. Late in the summer of 1926 the nationalist army started northward under the leadership - of ifs'genius and now generalissimo General Chiang Kal This army has as its nucleus men trained by Chiang himself; students have jonied its ranks. ecountered little resistance during the first few weeks, for it bore with it a strong popular appeal. Later on, many divisions from the armies of northern leaders have de- 1y due to the very successful system of propaganda established by the army. Slogan companies preceed the main troops and weaken opposition by spreading such slogans as: China for the Chinese; get rid of the own militarists, who =ell our riches to the foreigners; no man is too bad not to have enough rice, and no “When the army arrived in the Yangtze valley, conflict between Chinese and foreign interests be- came {inevitable. Six great cities with a total population of approxi- mately 4,000,000, control of northern forces to the na- tionalists within the last seven months. Naturally commerce has been effected, and industries and communication have been interrupt- ed from time to time. In the United States we have heard dire stories of impending massacres of foreigners, and so on. There was the unex- pected and unfortunate incident at Nanking, but taken all-in-all the facts are quite unsensational. Here are a few of the facts, as accurately as I have been able to gather them: “Hankow, the seat of the nation- alist government since last Novem- ber,:is one of the supposed storm- centers, yet no foreigner has been killed in Hankow. There have been strikes and a steady effort to im- prove lahor conditions, in the face of difficulties caused by the closing of foreign-owned industries, throw- ing large numbers of laborers out of are said to have been raised from Shek, a young man still under forty. | many | It | serted to its ranks. This is partial- | foreign yoke; save China from our | man is 80 good as to have too much. | and numberless | other cities have passed from the | |attacks on foreign concessions, or | employment, and wages in Hankow | $1.50 a month to $3.75 a month. Attempts on the part of the British to break up demonstrations finally provoked a scuffle in which' one Chinese was killed. Later a mob surrounded the British concession and demanded its surrender. The British eventually agreed to this, and the concession has since been administered by a council made up of an equal number of Chinese and British. Stanley High, writing in the Christian Science Monitor says: “It seems, in fact, to be a determined policy of the nationalists here (Han- kow) to see to it that the former concession does not deterioriate in any particular under the new cown- cil. “In Shanghal foreigners showed even greater alarm over the ad- vance of the nationalists. A gener- al massacre of the foreigners was foretold, and bombing of the city. Defence forces were concentrated there (approximately 25,000) and forty-odd warships rode in the har- bor; the International settlement | was thorpughly barricaded. Yet from all standards the transfer of Shanghai from the northern to the Nationalist forces was accomplished with a minimum of bloodshed (some | may claim that this was because of the presence of so many foreign | troops). The northern troops lo- cated and burned portions of the Chinese city before the Nationalist | army arrived. AGAIN NO FOR- EIGNERS WERE KILLED. An Associated Press dispatch records a { total of 43 Chinese killed by Brit- ish, — another account mentions more than 200, . “The Nationalist army pursued {the Northerners to Nanking. Here |on March 24th, occurred the unfore tunate incident which included the looting of consulates; some mission residences and some school build- ings, and some churches and a few Chinese residences; four - forejgners were killed, and six others were wounded; a few of the mission buildings were burned. There |{s considerable dispute and contradic- tion of evidence as to whether northern or [Nationalist msoldiers | were responsible for these outrages; local rowdies evidently took part, until the Nationalist commander had established himself in the city and put a stop to the looting. It also seems to be established that some | Nationalist soldiers from the pro- | vince of Hunan took part in these affairs. Tt is perfectly apparent that the Nationalist army as a whole did not set out to exterminate the for- elgners,—for there was ample op- portunity to have done so. Moreover Nationalist soldiers effectively pro- tected at least some of the Christian groups and mission property. Form- al apoligies and regret were exe pressed immediately by representa- | tives of the Nationalist government, while 52 Chinese commercial organ- izations cabled their regret to Wash- ington. The Nationalist government replied to the identic notes of the five powers, stating that it was pre. pared to make all reasonable reparation for damages committed by Nationalist forces, and proposed that an imperfal commission be formed to investigate the trouble. “As stated above, the Nationalish armies are now moving on North China by two routes; thete is no doubt but that they will be wel- comed by tho masses of the people in North China. It other nations do not interfere, it s hardly to be doubted that all of China south of | the Great Wall, at least, will be under Nationalist control,—perhaps within less than a year from the time the present northward move- ment started from Canton. Then will follow the two more important and perhaps even more difficult tasks which the Nationalist party has laid out for itself; education and organizing the great masses of China’s people, for a national gov- ernment resting upon genuine popu- lar approval and under popular control.” Chairman Harry G. Hancock of outing committee announced that the joint outing with Meriden, Bristol and Hartford will be held at Compounce next Wednesday. Sports and menu will be taken care of by the other clubs. L. W. Vogel of the local club is chairman of the pro- gram. William A. Burns Now Youngest Embalmer Here William A. Burns, son of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Burns of 214 Washing- ton street, has been officially noti- fled that he has successfully passed the examinations given recently at Yale university in New Haven, by the state board of embalmers. He is a native of this city and is a graduate of St. Mary’s parochial school. He also graduated from the Renouard School of Embalming in New York city. In his last year there, he was signally honored by being elected president of his class. Mr. Burns has the distinction of being the youngest registered em- balmer in the city. He is popular in the younger set and is a prominent member of the Y. M. T. A. & B. society. He is associated in the undertak- ing business with Joseph A. Haffey at 565 Main street. Canada’s unemployment is stead- ily decreasing. Yellow Cab “Gives Room to Breathe” If you are “crowd-shy,” YEL- LOW Cab will prove your “friend in need.” It is not necessary to breast the human deluge that business district each morning and evening. YELLOW CAB takes you where you want to go when you want to go. You are not driven by any arbitrary schedule or com- pelled to follow an ironbound trail. \ At rates of to thrift, YELLOW CAB serves you and your chosen companies alone, avoiding discomfort. Human room to breathe, pours in and. out of the fare that appeal skirting crowds and efficiency demands and above all, room to move without prodding the ribs of your fellow man. YELLOW CAB has helped to push back the nar- row confines of a congested city. Go out to the clean, quiet suburbs, and you will note the surprising march of Progress. We are proud that it has traveled most of the way in a YELLOW CAB. All this would not be possible except for organized responsibility, which has made YELLOW CAB an institution instead of a mere aggregation of taxicabs. Hail Them Anywhere Cab Co. Phone 231 Pay What the Meter Reads DYING YETERAN TAKES DOG TO GREAT BEYOND Pet That Followed Him Over Battle- fields Likev * > Goes With' Him to Death. Fort Sheridan, 11, July 6 (UP)— The little dog which followed Ser- geant M:i-hael Tierney through the battles of the world war followed him in death. Tierney was with the first Ameri- can troops to reach France, was among the first to see actual fighting and although the dog was a veteran when Tierney arrived, he adopted his new master, who found the pup mourning over the Lody of a British Tommy in a shell hole. Through the battles of Cham- pagne-Marne, the Aisne-Marne, St. Mihjel and Argonne the dog followed the sergeant. Gas had weakened the soldier's lungs and when the war was over he was brought to Fort Sheridan to recuperate. The dog came with him. A few days ago, Tierney realized he was to die. “When 1 go,” he told his wife, Anna, “I want the pup to go with me. He's old now. He'd die any- way without me and I can't bear to leave him.” The dying wish was complied with and the dog was chloroformed. Mrs. William DeMille Is Suing for Divorce Los Angeles, July 6 (UP)—Holly- wood was astounded today by the break in the domestic harmony of fthe William C. De Milles after more than 20 years of married life. Mrs. Anna George De Mille, wife of the noted movie director, filed ac- tion for divorce yesterday. 1t was a brief and formal com- plaint, giving no hint of the trouble between the De Milles. S8he charged desertion and added ‘that she and De Mille, after their marriage in New York in 1903, had lived tegether un- tit June of last year. De Mille and his brother, Cecil B. De Mille, have been outsts nding fig- ures in' the picture industry for years. Home Service Bureau May Be Discontinued With the passing of the time limit for renewing war risk insurance MY NECCO CHOCOLATE PEPPERMINTS ANNOUNCING the INTRODUCTION of FREE Parking Service at the policies, the municipal home service bureau at city hall may go out af existence, but Mayor Weld today said he has taken no steps as yet in that direction. The bureau was created just aftef the conclusion of the war and af first had multiple duties to performs particularly during the period elaps< ing hetween applications for governe ment aid and for hospitalization, ang the granting of such petitions, Handling of applications for renews als of insurance have been the chief matters of business in recent montha, but the time limit for renewals ex« pired Saturday. y Central Parking Station Washington Street Opposite Burritt Hotel Besse Leland’s—The Progressive and Leading Store — ex- tend a cordial invitation to the public to park their cars at the large spacious Central Parking Station on Washington street, and by making a purchase of merchandise at the store, we will refund Twenty-five cents, the parking charge. Refund checks are good on all purchases, excepting those made in the Cigar and Candy Department. This is the first store to offer Free Parking Service in New Britain. Service up to midnight. Park Free — Shop in Safety Besse System Co. New Britain’s Leading Store