New Britain Herald Newspaper, September 11, 1917, Page 3

NEW BRITAIN DAILY HERALD, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1917. " Boston Store|BERLIN FAIR SCENE Special Showing of ~ BLANKETS AND COMFORTABLES Desirable Qualities Attrac- tively Priced. f Fine “California” Blankets in white and gray, from $5.00 to $10.00 a pair. These are the best goods on the market for the money, bought when prices were less than today, which means a saving to you. COTTON BLANKETS From $1.25 to $2.50 White, Gray and Tan. CRIB BLANKETS From 65c to $4.50. COMFORTABLES From $1.75 to $5.00 . McCALL PATTERNS 10c, 15¢, 20c - PULLAR " FIRST CASUALTY y » is the first from the fleld. LIST I3 ISSUED Two Members of Engineer Corps Wounded in France ‘Washington, Sept. 1l.—America's first army casualty list from the French front except those from hos- pital units, came from the War De- partment last night in this brief an- nouncement:— “The War Department announces the following:— “‘Sergeant M. G. Calderwood and Private W. F. Branningan, company F Eleventh .Railway Engineers, have been slightly wounded by fragment of shell while on duty in France.” There have been previous an- nouncements of casualties, the most important of which was that of sev- eral days ago, in which Americans were killed when Germans bombed a hospital on the French coast, but this Details of the incident were not revealed ,and can only be conjectured from the circumstances and the units to which the soldlers belonged. Sergeant Calderwood and Private Branningan were members of a con- tingent of railway engineers sent to France to assist in-the construction of railroads near the lines, needed for the transportation of ammunition, ? foodstuffs and other war supplies des- tined for the troops. Evidently they were working near the trenche and were caught in the explosion of a German shell. The contingent of railroad engineers is the only Ameri- can unit which has been engaged near the firing line. The announcement is in line with the policy of the War Department to publish, through the Bureau of Pub- lic Information, the names of all men killed or wounded in the service, as soon as the officlal reports are re- ceived. Major General Pershing's first re- port to the War Department on the 5 bombing of the American Base Hos- pital in a French coast town reached the War Department late today. An earlier despatch from the American Military Attache at London an- nounced the death of Lieutenant Fitz- simmons, but made no mention of three privates mortally wounded at the same time. , General Pershing’s lows: “Report following deaths Septem- ber 6 at Base Hospital No. 5 France, from wounds caused by bombs during alr raid ,eleven p. m., September 4:— “First Lieutenant William T. Fitz- simmons, Medical Reserve Corps, and Privates (first class) Leslie G. Woods and Rudolph Rubino, Jr., Medical De- partment, and Oscar C. Tugo, Medi- > cal Enlisted Reserve Corps.” message fol- BICYCLIST STRUCK BY AUTO. C. W. Holmes of 17 Fairview street reported to the police this morning that while driving through Allen street in a westerly direction, near where excavation work is being done, a man riding a bicycle hit some ties and on Y being knocked from the bike, he struck the auto. The bicyclist gave his name as Martin Dahlstrom of Wells street. He was unhurt, but the bi- cycle, which belonged to Dahlstrom’s son, was wrecked. OF BIG GATHERING It's “Farmer’s Day” But the City Folk Are There As Well (Special to the Herald.) State Fair Grounds, Berlin, Sept. 1Y—Again favored with weather con- ditions that could not be improved upon, the annual Berlin fair, which opened here so auspiciously yesterday, was today the mecca for thousands of men, women and children and al- though the day was officlally desig- nated as Farmers' Day, the proverbial bewhiskered, straw chewing denizens of the outlying districts did not pre- dominate any more than those from other walks of life. The farmers’ ex- hibits were at their best however, and attracted the admiration and interest of all visitors, farm dweller and city resident as well. Judging from the appearance of the farmers here today the age of the leather booted, car- pet-bag agriculturist has passed. In- stead, there appeared a class of scien- tific farmers, men who by studying and learning have developed the farming industry until today it _is recognized as one of the greatest in the world and may ultimately prove to be the savior of the world for de- mocracy. The wonderful exhibits from the farm and truck garden prove conclusively what modern farming means and shows without doubt that there is no limit to what can be raised on Connecticut fertile soil if the proper methods are fol- lowed. And it is to this end that the Berlin Fair tends, as well as to simply show what has been done. Under the direction of the Connecticut Agricul- tural college and the State Commit- tee on Food Supply, co-operating with the State Council of Defense and other allled organizations there are numerous places about the grounds where skilled men and women are ready and anxlous to tell how it is done that others may pl’iflt another year. There are numerffus exhibits showing how' these resulfts are ac- complished and there is also a plen- tiful supply of printed matter that can be read at home to advantage. Although the day has been’ Farmers’ Day, the exhibits and demonstrations have been such as to appeal to ever: body. This afternoon the first of a four days’ series of sensational horse races began. Temporary bleachers have been erected in place of the old grand stand, opposite the judges’ stand, and a large crowd gathered there this afternoon to see the races. There were two, a 2:11 pace and a 2:19 trot. Al- though the final races had not been run at press time, the initial heats were in progress assuring the lovers of this sport of some exciting finishes. George Greene, who is in' charge ol the racing card, has taken care that none but the best in their respective classes are entered and some more sensational spurts are expected tomor- row, Thursday and Friday. Can’t Keep Off Midway. The vast crowds that thrang to the fairground every afternoon and even- ing just can’t keep off the midway. Larger than it has ever been before, this year the midway offers more at- tractions and causes more fun than ever. Blmer Stearns, who has han- dled this part of the fair so success- fully for many vears, has again shown his master hand. An idea of the ex- tent of the midway may be obtained from the fact that this morning Man- ager Stearns had signed contracts for 128 individual concesslonists and at that time had just four feet of availa- ble land that had not been rented. Everything is included on the midway, from the ever present snake charmer, the fortune teller, the wild man from Borneo, the human pin cushion, the dancing girls, the hoop la game, shaot- ing galleries, pop corn, ice-cream, soda water, cider, hot dog and vandy vend- ers to the more quiet resorts where a real turkey dinner and all the fixin’s may be secured. The front line trenches in France, while the noise may be of a differenut variety, is cer- tainly no less boisterous than the Ber- lin Fair midway. KEvery concession- ist seems to have a fog-horn voice and bellows instead of lungs. They never get tired and vie with one another as to who can make the most noise. The fortune tellers promise to please, the proprietors of the game of chance promise that you will win, the restau- Tant keepers put tempting morsels in frant of the visitor and the wild man emits blood curdling howls. All the while the crowd, which seems to be a money-spending aggregation, prome- nades up and down, back and forth, now stopping to take a chance on “ringing’”’ a watch, now buying a tick- et on a blanket, stopping here to get weighed, rushing aver there to buy an ear of corn and then appear greased from ear to ear, peeking down into the den where the wild man gnaws at a bone, shuddering as it looks intimately at the beating heart of the man who claims to have been so injured eighteen years ago that his chest was split open and has been thus ever since—in short it is a crowd of merry-makers that throngs the midway. Every afternoon the vaudeville per- formance pleases the audience. The performers are good at the respective stunts and the band concert also please those who like music. At night the fireworks are an added attraction and many prefer to visit the fair at night and to walk down this maze of varicolored electric lights and howling dervishes. The act presented by the Rudi-Bellong company is the most sen- sational one on the grounds. These balancing acrobats perform some diffi- cult feats and conclude by holding a circular speedway on their shoulders while one of the female members of the troupe loops the loop on a bicyle. The Hurls Falls company presents some comedy acrobatic stunts and the ‘Webber Sisters add to the program with their novelty acrobatic act. Burns and Burns, husband and wife, con- clude the program with their eccentric and novelty dancing. Storrs College Exhibit. This year's exhibit offered by the Connecticut Agricultural college at Storrs is most complete and at once becomes the mecca for those who love fine cattle, horses and sheep. Here the college has on exhibition what is said to be the best Jersey bull in Connecticut. The beast, Jolly Oxford Lad, born in January, 1909, and weighing 1,500 pounds, is an import- ed Jersey. Because it is owned by the state college it can not be en- tered in the competitive lists but, be- fore being purchased by the state it won many prizes. This bull has got registered daughters and other off- springs that have been prize winners. A couple of Holsteins and a couple of Jerseys with excellent records attract favorable attention as does the state record Ayrshire cow, Mauchlin Snow- drop 2nd. This cow holds the record for the state of Connecticut for the past twelve months, during which time it has produced 655 pounds of butter and 13,287 pounds of milk. A senior heifer calf, sired by Hobland's Perfect Piece, which is the undefeat- ed champion of Scotland and Amer- ica, s also with this exhibit. Four excellent Percheron horses add to the state’s collection, one of them being a three-year-old stallion, Dragon Jr., weighing 1900 poundd. The others are yearling colts welghing from 1000 to 1200 pounds and one of them is sired by Carbon who was_sired by ‘Carnot, the $40,000 prize stallion. Seven ewe lambs and three rams, all Stropshires, are exhibited with educa- tional placards showing the value of sheep raising and how it can be suc- cessfully conducted. A couple of jet black Berkshire hogs, with iron rings in their noses to keep them from rooting up the ground show that un- der proper conditions hogs are not the filthy animals that many people imagine. The attendants from Storrs are most courteous and keep their stock in the most cleanly condition. How to Preserve Food. In the tent occupied by the Com- mittee on Food Supply, working in co-operation with the State Council of Defense and the Storrs college ex- tension service lessons ar given daily in how to preserve fruit sand vege- tables. Miss Margaret Costello, an instructor at the state college, is in charge and has a complete kitchen establishment where each afternoon sh gives a lesson and practical dem- onstration to scores of women. In this: tent, too, are many placards giv- ing timely advice. Among these are posters advising the farmer to kill the slacker hen and keep only the pro- ductive fowl. Others addressed to housewives advise them to buy their /products and take them home per- sonally, rather than having them sent, thereby saving on the cost and help- ing in the conservation of gasoline. A series of actual photographs tell convincingly of the many kinds of work that women can and are doing in this war time crisis and the by- reaus of horticulture and other farm- ing departments are replete with per- tinent advice. A large sign board containing many posters in foreign language attracts much attention. The caption. “Why we are fighting,"” speaks for itself for these posters are facsimiles of those posted hy the Ger- mans in Belglum, telling a mute story of the terrible suffering that the inhabitants of that war stricken coun- try. The Red Cross has a conspicu- ous and convinclng poster and so do other departments of the State Coun- cil of Defense, advising all loyal ‘Americans to immediately report all suspicion or disloyal acts. The dis- play on farm and home sanitation likewise attracts attention and the Hartford County League Farm bureau has a display of interest. This tent is one that should be visited by all. There is nothing to buy but a great deal to be learned. Exhibits of Products. The exhibition of farmers’ products is unexcelled anywhere. In the main administration building, directly in front of the entrance, the entire floor space is devoted to a large array of farm and garden truck. Every conceiv- able form of vegetable is on exhibi- tion, ranging from a 200 pound pumpkin to a little piece of aspara- gus seed. The tent occupied by the New Britain exhibit 4s also one of importance since it shows that the Hardware City has been doing with its available land. this summer. The Municipal Farm, with 43 acres, and the City Gardens, with 115 acres, lead in acreage but the Town Farm exhibit under the head of the charity depart- ment, has the most complete exhibit here. Superintendent Kibbe has stalks of corn twelve feet high, hcads of cab- bage weighing 20 pounds, mangel beets weighing six pounds, all varie- ties of table and field corn, beets and other vegetables. The Municipal Farm has a sample of the 10,000 bushels of potatoes it expects to harvest shortly and the City Gardens, in addition to samples of the products raised, has on exhibition a number of jars of pre- served fruits and vegetables. The 3oy Scouts, the Boys’' club, Besse-Le- land, Landers, Frary & Clark, P. & F. Corbin, the Conneciicut company, the Stanley Rule & Level company, the Stanley Works, Hart & Hutchin- ments also add to the collection. All who are proud of the achievement of their home town should not pass this tent, in charge of R. H. Crawford, superintendent of the Boys’ club. The Boys' club brass band, under the di- rection of Thomas Toscane, gives a concert every & Another unique thing about this tent is that the floor is covered with fresh alfalfa. The Connecticut Pomological socie- ty has a couple of tents in the rear of the administration building in which are shown all varieties of fall fruits. Lucious apples, juicy Deaches, pears and plums are exhibited. New ways of packing fruits are also shown and one chart indicates that by effort and co-operation this state during the past year has raised 500,000 baskets of peaches alone and by further efforts may be able to go far toward sup- plying the fruit market of the coun- try. Ladies’ Work on Exhibition. In the frame building at the ex- treme ~nd of the midway is the dis- ' registered sales. play of ladies’ work as well as auto- mobiles and auto accessories. It is here that the women like to linger to gaze in the glass cases at the many articles of fancy work, crocheting, knitting, hem stitching and embroid- ering. There is also a tempting dis- play from the culinary department showing that the women have not forgotten how to cook. THere are nu- merous other booths in this building, notably the Red Cross booth in charge of Mrs. Humason of New Britain. The women are asked to do their bit for the Red Cross and there are exhibited samples showing what other women have done, such ag surgical dressings, | knitted sweaters, wristlets and hel- mets for the soldiers and countless other things that the man in the fleld needs and the women at home can supply during their spare time. Con- cessionists have their ‘place in this building as well and there are boothy where trinkets, cheap jewelry, house- hold utensils, candy, leather goods, etc., can be purchased. The Cornecti- cut Dairymen’s association has an attractive exhibit here showing, the | relative food values of pure milk. Properly explained, this both shows the comparative quantities of milk and other foodstuffs that can be pur- chased for one dollar, showing that even though milk is expensive, it gives you more for your money than many other' articles for table con- sumption. Brodrib & Wheeler of New Brit- ain have a booth advertising Colum- bia grafonolas and victrolas. The automobile men also are out in force. A. &. Cohen is exhibiting the Dodge Brothers automobile and the Koehler truck. Arna Johnson is exhibiting the Crow truck, the Crow-Elkart car and Needham tires as well as other accessories, Charles Bence has sev- eral Buick cars on exhibition and I. | Honeyman and Son is showing the | Hupmobile, the Vim truck and the Seld truck. Mr. Gold is exhibiting the Indiana truck and Mr. Moeller, who recently came to New Britain from New York, is showing his line of Oakland and Chalmers automo- biles for which he is the Hardware city agent. Rackliffe Brothers have a complete line of auto accessories and are doing business and A. G. Hawker has a similar line, including tires and garage heaters. Already the automobile men have been gétting in their salesmanship talks and two have Robert Furgeson, salesman for the Buick car, has sold a machine to Bernard Nihil' of New Britain and Mr. Cohen has sold a ma- chine to J. T. Molumphy of Berlin. Running parallel: to the midway, but beyond the cattle sheds is another thoroughfare which might well . be termed the dealers’ midway for here are a large number of exhibitors who are demonstrating various sorts of farm tools and machinery. E. L. Austin, selling milking machines and tractors has a tent. The Windsor Stock Food company has another tent with farm machinery and Rackliffe Brothers of New Britain are also ex- hibiting. Brackett, Shaw and Lunt are showing farm lighting systems and the Thomas A. Stewart company of Hartford is showing the Delco lighting system. The Safety Ladder company of East Hartford has an ex- hibit as has the Clark Cutaway Har- row company of Higganum and the American Pump and Engineering company Inc., G Petersen of Hart- ford is showing some farm tools as is A. L Berkman of Hartford Erick- son & Johnson of New Britain is showing hardware and other supplies and the Unadella Silo company of Un- adella Silo company of Unadella, N. Y. is not only adversising its wares but also is building a complete silo right on the grounds. Other firms are also exhibiting and in almost every in- stance those in charge are only too glad to demonstrate how the various machinery works, so that at all times people may see the mechanism in actual operation. Parks, Davis & coqmpany have a sanitary booth, ex- hibitiag disenfectants, etc. In this section there is also a stahle of cow ponies which are rented to children or others who desire to ride. These ponies are especially suitable for the little folks and at all times there are several boys or girls seen cavorting around the open ground on the back of a little broncho. The poultry pens are bigger than last year and a larger assortment of fowl, both barnyard and water fowl, are td be seen. There are some very nice birds in this exhibit and all chicken fanciers spend considerable time here. The cattle show is the biggest that this fair has ever seen and tomorrow. which is set aside as | cattle day, will show some excellent | stock > Mrs. George Greene, who is again in charge of the floral exhibit, has a collection of garden and greenhouse beauties that would be prize winners anywhere. Individuals as well as prominent florists are exhibiting ‘here and the collection is a gorgeous one. In the honey tent are shown about 4,000 pounds of honey and beeswax and several swarms of bees. As vet | no one has been stung, either by the : men selling the honey or by the bees. ! There are four varleties of honey for | sale in ‘this tent, with several of the | best known spirary experts in .the | state demonstrating. Police Handle Crowd Well. The Berlin constabulary, aided by a squad of bluecoats from New Brit- ain, have little difficulty in handling the big crowds and there has been no disturbance, although last night, headed by Prosecutor Willlam H. Gibney, a general clean up was or- dergd and eleven undesirables were chased out of town. These included female followers of the fairs, gamb- lers and other nortorious characters, Following is a summary of chil- dren’s games and Boy Scout events yesterday. Children’s Games, Peanut scramble, for boys under 18 year of age, first, Joseph Kowalsky; second, Stanley Herbert; third, Wil- liam Schultz. Candy scramble for girls under 12 years of age: first, Mary Urban: sec- ond, Ruth Foiren; third, Martha Riggott. ond,- Ladislaus 8lyz; Burckhardt. Free oranges for girls: first, Ber- nice Tryon; second, Victoria Fiske; third, Ruth Skinner. Sack race for boys: first, Chernoff; second, John Hayes; Benjamin Switaski. Boy Scout Events. Half mile run: first, Howard Hall, Berlin; second, Isadore Zeitlin, New Britain; third, Charles Vibberts, New Britain. 50 yards dash for boys under 14 first, Har Shupack: second, ng Spencer, New Britain; third, David Richman, New Britain. 50 yards dash for boys over years: first, Charles Vibberts, Britain; second, Louis New Britain; third, Berlin. Semaphore Berlin. Half mile patrol staff relay Troop 4, New Britain; second, Troop third, Joseph Bernard third, New Liebowitz, Howard Hall, signalling, Troop 4 14 | first, | 1, Berlin; third, troop 4, New Britain; | Running broad jump: first, Howard Hall, Berlin, 7 feet 11 inches; second | Morris Goldman, New Britain; third. | Afred Middleton, Mo w New Britain. e code, won Britain. Signalling, Troop 10, by LOCAL ATHLETE T0 ENTER GEORGETOWN Dudack Leaies Monday for Wash- ington Institution William Dudack, the premier ath- lete of this city, will leave next Monday for Washington, D. C., where he will matriculate at Georgetown University. In securing Dudack, Georgetown is getting one of the best all-around ath- | letes ever developed in this city, his| record while a student at New Britain high, being praiseworthy . in WILLIAM DUDACK. branches of sports. In his freshman vear, Dudack showed considerable ability as a football plaver and was given place in the backfield. Later he played on two championship elevens, one of which he captained, and his playing was always of a stellar order. He also played on the basketball and baseball teams, pitching and playing infleld and outfield on the latter for three seasons. During the past sum- mer he has been a member of the crack Pioneer team. Last fall Dudack entered Muhlenberg preparatory school in Allentown, Pa., where with Mickey Fallon of Hartford, he shone on the gridiron. Should the local boy be successful in making the Georgetown eleven this season, he will probably be given a place in the line, as the District of Columbia team has all of its backfield men of 1916 returning, including the scintillating Johnny Gilroy, one of the sensations of last vear’'s football world. William F. Curtin, son of President James N. Curtin of the Commercial Trust company, will be at the mana- gerial helm for Georgetown this sea- son, thus assuring the college of a capable business leader. Curtin acted as absistant manager last season and his conduct of the duties won for him the most responsible place in George- town football circles this season. Manager Curtin is at work arrang- ing the schedule or the coming season, which includes Springfleld Training School, the game to be played in Springfield, Mass. Training work will be commeénced next Wednesday by the squad. SIXTY CHINESE SAILORS MUTINY One Shot, 30 Injured in Battle on Steamship New York, Sept. 11.—Sixty Chinese employed as firemen on a 5,000-ton British freighter now moored at a pler in Brooklyn mutinied yesterday because the officers refused to give them shore leave, and in an hour's fight that followed a pistol duel be- tween the chief officer and the leader of the mutinous sailors one sailor was shot, thirty were injured so badly they had to go to the ship's hospital and ten policemen from the Poplar street station received minor Injuries in aiding the officers in putting the thirty uninjured coolies into the ship’s prison. After the crew had been paid on Friday the officers allowed them to go ashore for a day, and additional shore leaves were also given on Sun- day. The men were busy yesterday in preparing for another voyage to Candy scramble for girls under 12 vears of age: first, Louise Hall; sec- ond, Victoria Fiske; third, Julin Negrl. Roll along: first, Frank Griffin; sec- Brazil and Chief Officer Hans Klyne decided that none of the coolies would be allowed to go ashore be. cause he had learned that it took a all | Miss Dougherty, an terested distinctive models and fitting “Stylish Stout” to explain the proper corseting of stout figures. ' “Stylish Stout” Corsets are the only examples corsetry ever brought to this city that thte name. They will literally and positively tran form the over-developed figure into the modish li demanded by fashion, with comfort and ease. Models designed for every are shown.. Miss Doughert * AT THE CORSET SHOP THIS WEEK Miss Dougherty Is Here from New York to E: These New Corsets : expert in demonstratig Corsets, is here this wi really typ 7 type of stout fi wiltlysuggest to those or their individual Corset shop, second floor. day’s rest and much physical en- couragement to get the coolies to do their work after a shore leave. Ten of the coolies, led by Len Choy, a stoker, went below and organized a mutiny. . 3 As a last measure before rushing the officers, it was decided that Len Choy should go to the bridge and ask for shore leave for the gang. When he told Klyne that there would be fight if the. men were not allowed to go ashore, the chief officer told his British Quartermaster to throw Len Choy off the bridge, but Len drew a pistol and fired one shot at the chief officer, who then shot the Chinaman. The Chinese coolies who had been waiting at a compan- ionway immediately made a rush for the bridge, but ten. white sailors formed a defending squad at the head of the bridge ladder and began to knock the Chinamen off one by one as they tried to go up. Policeman Willlam Murray of the Poplar street station saw the melee and he called for the reserves of the Poplar street station and the detec- tives of the Sixth Branch Bureau, and more than thirty policemen re- sponded. When they ran up the pler to the gangway the coolies divided their force, and while one party kept the officers on the bridge a detach- ment sought to prevent the police- men from coming aboard. Although about thirty coolies fell unconscious from blows from the nightsth was more than half an hour 4 the last mutinous sailor was and~locked up in the ship's Thirty were lying unconscious ¢ deck with their ringleader, 1Le who had not moved after thi officer had shot him. 8eve found in hiding places in all the ship and dragged out by licemen. One took refuge,, crow's nest and defended himj half an hour with a swittly bare foot, but he finally su n 'Dr. Anna Weingraub, the . ; ambulance surgeon from the €4 bia.street station, was called. ta: the wounds of the policeman, she also took Len Choy to pital, where it was said he woul cover, but not in time for t voyage. First he will answer a of felonious assault. The other ies were treated by their own | doctor. DALLAS BEOOMES DE Dallas, Tex., Sept. 11.—Dallas, most populous county in Texas, § “dry” in a local option election terday, with but 6 precincts 0 96 missing. The prohibitioni a lead of approximately 1,500, Wi the missing precincts could not] terially change. About 19,000 were polled out of a registratio 28,000. County officials said thg loons would close October 24. COATS SUITS modes are alluring! NEW FALL CORSETS Are Ready for Do not fail to pay this showing a visit. what is new in Wearing Apparel for the season near at hand. Indeed, it's difficult to tell about them for thi desires have created styles that are as remarkable for their simplig ity, as for their chic and artistic effects. Your All the leading and popular makes are represented; for every type of figure are here in great variety. Corset Fittings Free of Charge—Make use of this service, The Women’s and Misses’ Apparel Shop LEONARD and HERRMANN CO. NO. 165 MAIN STREET. PRESENTI THE NEW FALL FASHIONS A Notable Display. Introducing Dame Fashion’'s Most Approved and Accepted Model DRESSES Let it familiarize you wi SKIRTS AND BRASSIER Inspection. models suitable, At $1.19—One lot of AT 79c—One lot of Middies. sizes. Waists. Were $2.00. | RENIER, PICKHARDT & DUNI 127 WAIN STREET. OPPOSITE ARCH. TELEPHOMS 3.2 Wednesday Morning Specials Linen and Voile Lawn Housedresses.’ Values up to $2.25. At 39c—One lot of Mussed Waists Value $1.00. At 1-2 Price—One "ot of Corsets. Broken and