New Britain Herald Newspaper, August 9, 1917, Page 5

NEW BRITAIN DAILY HERALD, THURSDAY, AUGUST" ¢, 1017. "HOUSTON TO SURPASS ALL CROP RECORDS IN HISTORY 3 Secretary of Agriculture Plans Enormous Planting Drive to Care for Foreignh and Domestic Needs in Wheat and Rye. Washington, D .C., Aug. 9.—The production of aver one, billlon bushels of wheat and over eighty-three million ™ bushels of rye, through the planting of 47,387,000 acres to winter wheat and of 5,131,000 acres to rye this fall, is the Immediate war agricultural pro- gram for the nation announced late yesterday by David F. Houston, secre- tary of agriculture. This record win- ter wheat acreage, an increase of 18 per cent. over last vear, wou?d yield 3 672,000,000 bushels if the average yield for the past ten years is equaled, or under a repetition of the favorable conditions of 1914 would give 880,000,- 000 bushels. In either case spring Wheat crop next year equal to that of 1916, the nation will have more than one billion bushels of wheat for domestic use and export. This vastly increased production of wheat, needed in any case, will be ab- | " solutely essential to prevent a serious shortage of breadstuffs next summer should the growing corn, now behind the season, be much damaged by early frosts. The program appraved by the secre- tary of agriculture represents the best thought of the U. S. department of agriculture and of state agricultural officials and state councils of defense. The study of this question has in- | volved many factors and the speclal- ists have been aware from the first that the demands for wheat may ex- ceed the supply next year. therefore has been made to recam- mend in each state about as large an acreage in wheat and rye as can be sown withéut upsetting proper farm practice which must be maintained in , the interest of wheat and rye crops this And succeeding years, as well as in the interest of other necessary spring- planted crops which are not discussed in detall at this time as they are not food crops in which a marked short- age exists, The estimates, the department states, are made with the knowledge that there is some shortage of the » fertiliser supply but with the under- standing that there will be no gen- eral shortage in the supply of seed or of farm machinery which is nec- essary in the production of the wheat crop. It is understood also that am- ple transportation facilities will be provided and a fair price of wheat will be established. These factors have been assumed as fixed and sat- . Isfactory. If any one or more fail to be adjusted in good time, no per- son can tell how: serious will be the effect on the total crop. The planting and cultivation of these increased acreages of fall-sown graing calls for unusual effort on the part of the farmers. Plans to place at the disposal of farmers all assist- ance possible, are being perfected m s the United States department of ag- riculture, the state colleges of agri- culture and other state and local agencies which co-operate in farming matters. The assistance of success- ful growers of wheat and rye in a campaign to turn out bumper crops in 1918 is assured. The state officials will do their ut- “most to get the acreages expected of their states into the ground. The program as originally worked out by the federa) department of agriculture called for somewhat more than 44,- 000,000 acres to be sown this fall. When this proposal was presented to the officials of the several states a further increase was considered pos- sible and desirable by them. As a -. consequence the recommendation for the sowing of 47,337,000 acres |is made. Following is a summary of the de- partment’s recommendations regard- ing winter wheat and rye: ‘Wheat. The planting of approximately 47,- 887,000 acres to winter wheat, on the % basis of the average yield for the past ten years indicates a total production of 872 million bushels, which exceeds all previous winter wheat crops har- vested in the United States with the exception of the crops of 1914 and 1915 when the acreages harvested and yields per acre were both above 4, normal. If the extremely favorable condi- tions under which the winter wheat crop of 1914 was grown are again ex- perienced, the yield of winter wheat next vear will be 880,000,000 bushels or by far the largest winter wheat crop ever produced and even larger than the total of both winter and spring wheat crops for all past years “except two. It is too early to determine the area which should be sown to wheat next epring, but if this is equal to that sown in the spring of 1917, or 19 mil- lon acres, and the yleld is up to the average of the last ten vears, a crop of 251 million bushels of spring wheat will be harvested and {if the yleld per acre should equal that ob- tained in 1915 the crop will be 350 million bushels, the same as the great- est spring wheat crop ever produced. Thus, with no increase in the spring wheat acreage but with the 18 per cent. increase over the 1816 winter wheat sowings planned for this fall, $100 Reward, $100 The readers of this paper will be pleaged to learn that there is at least one dreaded disease that science has been able to cure in all its stages, and that is catarrh. Catarrh being greatly influenced by constitutional conditions Tequires constitutional treatment. Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally @nd acts thru the Blood on the Mucous rfaces of the System thereby de- stroying the foundation of the disease, lving the patient strength by building up the constitution and assisting na- ture in doing its work. .The proprie- tors have s0_muth faith in the curative wers of Hall's Catarrh Cure that ey ofter One Hundred Dollars for any case that it fails to cure. Send for list of testimonials. Address: F. J. CHENEY & CO., Tolodo, ©Ohto. Bold by all Druggists, 76e. with a | Bitort | the total wheat crop next year will be more than one billlon bushels, if the crop meets with slightly better than 10-year average conditions. With ex- tremely favorable conditions, such as were experienced by the winter wheat Icrop In 1914 and the spring wheat crop in 1915, the total yleld would amount to one and one-quarter billion bushels. A 10 per cent. increase in spring wheat acreage with favorable | growing conditions would add another 30,000,000 bushels. The figures quot- ed above are based upon a winter kill- ing of 9 per cent. and yields per acre of 15.6 bushels for winter wheat and 13.2 bushels for spring wheat, the averages for the last ten years, and a yield per acre in 1914 of 19 bushels of winter wheat, and 18.4 bushels of spring wheat in 1915. Principal Increases in Wheat Production. The principal increases in acreage of winter wheat are recommended in | the areas where the acreage devoted | to that cereal are already large and farmrs are accustomed to growing wheat and are equipped with machin- | ery for producing the crop. A mater- fal increase also is recommended in most of the areas where the produc- tion of oats and corn is heavy since much wheat can be sown to advan- tage on oat stubble and in the stand- ing corn or on ground from which the corn crop has been removed for the gilo or cut for fodder. In some dis- tricts the increase in the acreage could be made larger but this has seemed inadvisable for fear of disorganizing crop rotations with injury to crops in succeeding years. Basis of Increased Acreage. Since the acreages sown last fal: are fresh in the memory of farmers, the sowings suggested for this year are compared with those of 1916. For Kansas, where more than one-fifth of the winter wheat of the country was sown in 1916 and a campalgn for an increase already is under way, an in- crease of more than a million acres, or one-seventh of the total increase, is recommended. Ohio is asked for one and one-tenth million acres over last years sowings. This is considered possible and desirable by the agricul- tural leaders of. the state. Because of available land in the state, Oklahoma is asked to increasa the acreagesone- fourth, amounting to more than 800,- 000 acres. Indiana and Illinois are each asked to increase their acredge by somewhat more than a half mil- lion acres, thereby equaling what they have sown in the recent past. Oregon, because of the abnormally lcw acre- age sown last fall, is asked to increase the acreage this fall by one-quarter million acres, or 50 per cent. These six states, Kansas, Ohlo, Oklahoma, Indiana, Illinois and Oregon, in which nearly one-half of the winter wheat was sown last fall, are asked to fur- nish considerably more than cne-half of the increase planned for this fall. Their agricultural leaders thirk it is possible and are taking the necessary steps to see that it is done. The largest percentage increases are requested in some of the South- ern states. Mississippi leads with 455 per cent. incrase and Georgla comes next with 100 per cent. in- crease. Alabama is asked for 50 per cent. increase; Arkansas for 37 per cent.; and South Carolina for 37 per cent. These southern states are anxious to increase their acreages by this amount to safeguard their own food supply. The increase in actual acres, however, is comparatively small in each of these cases. Wisconsin, anothor state in which the present wheat acreage is small, is asked to increase the sowings 29 per cent., as wheat is well adapted to newly opened northern land and as present prices make it a profitable crop in the state. Montana is asked to put in an even million acres, an in- crease of nearly 30 per cent. But this is not a large total for the entire state, in view of its large acreage of unused land suitable for wheat. The following states are asked to increase their acreage 16 to 20 per cent. over those sown in the fall of 1916, New York, New Jersey, Michi- gan, Towa, Tennessee, Arizona, Idaho, and California. ‘The following states are asked to increase their 1916 acre- ages by 11 to 15 per cent: Pennsyl- vania, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, TUtah, Nevada, and Washington. The follawing states are asked to increase their 1916 acre- ages by 6 to 10 per cent:: Delaware, Maryland, Minnesota, Texas, Wyom- ing and New Mexico. The states of Missouri and Colorado are each asked for 5 per cent increase, while prac- tically the same acreages as sown last fall are asked for in Nebraska and South Dakota. The excessive winter killing in Nebraska and consequent lack of seed wheat makes the situa- tion for wheat growers very difficult this vear in that state, but every effort is being made to equal and in- crease if possible the acreage of last year. Most of the states for which only small percentage increases are sug- gested recently increased largely their wheat acreages and are already grow- ing about as much as is consistent with a well-balanced agriculture. Rye to Be Increased Heavily. It is recommended that there be sown in the United States this fall 5,131,000 acres of rye which, on the basis of ten-year averages, will yield 83,635,000 bushels. This is an ime crease of 917,000 acres, or 22 per cent over that sown last year, when the largest acreage in the history of the country was put in. It is an increase of 48 per cent. over the 1915 acreage and of 57 per cent. ovér the five-year (1912-1916) average sown acreage. In any consideration of the expan- sion af the acreage of bread grains in certain parts of the country, it is necessary to consider wheat and rye together. This Is because rye can be planted safely on many flelds with less risk than wheat. Further, rye can be used as a substitute for wheat as a bread grain by those who are accus- timed to it. Rye succeeds on poorer soils and with less fertilizer and in colder climates than wheat, and for these reasons shauld be planted in preference to wheat where it has been proved a safer crop. The farmer who, because of an attractive guaranteed price for wheat, may be tempted to plant wheat rather than rye in a lo- cality where rye is the more. certain crop takes a speculative risk of loss through winter killing and destructive wheat diseases which is unwarranted. While no guaranteed price for rye has been authorized by cangress, there is every reason to expect that the price of rye the next year wil bear a satis- factory relation to that of wheat and, therefore, justify the planting of rye Wwhere the present experience with it indicates its superiority. Basis of Increased Rye Acreage. Fall-sow rye sghould supplement spring wheat to a considerable ex- tent in the spring-wheat belt. An enlarged acreage of rye in addition to the usual spring wheat sowings will help to guarantee a plentiful supply of bread grains next year. A disaster such as that which was caused by the combined effect of rust in the spring wheat belt in 1916, and win- ter killing in the winter-wheat belt last winter is thereby at least partially insured against. It is recommended therefore that the acreage of rye be increased this year in the spring- wheat sections over that sown in the fall of 1916 about 100,000 acres in North Dakota, nesota. 89,000 acres in Wisconsin and 6,000 acres in South Dakota. Rye should be sown more generally on the sandy lands along the Lakes in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and New York and in New Jersey, so an increase of 76,000 acres is recom- mended for Michigan, 72,000 for In- diana and 42,000 for New Jersey. Rye also should take the place of many of the old pasture and hay lands of New York, Pennsylvania and the New England states. Rye is a safer crop than winter wheat for such lands. Pennsylvania has much land more suitable for rye than for wheat, 5o an increase of 70,000 acres 75,000 acres in Min- | = is suggcsted for that state. New York is asked for only 8,000 acres increase but it is thought that a larger increase in rye may be possi- ble in that state, Some instances over the 1916 sowings are asked for in the cotton belt. It is estimated that last fall there was sown in the cotton belt about 100,000 acres of rye. It seems advisable to recommend that at least 250.000 acres of rye should be sown in the cotton belt this year, replacing some of the winter oat acreage. The states in the corn belt are asked also to enlarge considerably their rye acreage over that sown in 1916, as the lighter soils which are not es- pecially well adapted for wheat could be planted to advantage to rye. Special Methods to Increase Yields of 2 ‘Wheat and Rye. Specialists of the Department of Agriculture and the State Agricultural colleges hope -that by better methods the average:yiéld per acre will be at least maintained wherever there is a fertilizer shortage and will be in- creased in other sections. Many edu- cational work will be done to make this desire an actuality, and in this campalgn the most successtul grow- ers will have a prominent part. For instance, it is stated that on the land that could be sown to fall wheat this autumn, it is possible materially to increase the yield per acre by putting into practice some principles that are already well known to most farmers. These should appeal especially to those who cannot increase their usual acreages without doing injustice to other crops which should be grown. These principles may be summed up as follows: (1) Plow early. land two months to sowing where possible. (2) Compact the late-plowed land with rollar and harrow. (3) Don't plow after a cultivated crop. Prepare such land with disk and harrow. (4) Make the seed bed a fit place for the seed. (6) Sow with a drill, sound, plump, clean seed of alapted variety. (6) Prevent losses frém smut by Give the plowed settle before treating infected seed with formalde- hyde. (7) Make the soil manure or fertilizers diciously where needed. (8) Reduce winter killing by fol- lowing the above suggestions. Tremendous Effort and Co-operation Necessary. The accomplishment of this great incresse of wheat and rye acreage without disrupting correct farming practice will call for tremendous ef- fort on the part of farmers. How- ever, the United States Department of Agriculture, the State colleges of Agriculture, and other state and lo- cal agencies are planning to aild in every way possible. with Ju- tertile applied BILLS APPROVED. The finance committee of the com- mon council at its meeting last evening approved the bills for the month as follows: Water department, $23,- 473.66; street department, $6,478.08; street lighting 3$2,667.25; street sprinkling, /$1,669.76; park depart- ment, $32.43; street improvement, $1,302.01; sewer maintenance, $212.14; sewer construction, $127.32; health de- partment, $1,286.59; incidentals, $1,666.10; Jahn Coffey, dogs, $72; City hall commission. $812.9 fire com- mission, $351.11; public amusement, $285.91; charity department $5,037.91. EASILY DECIDED This Question Should Be Answered Fasily By New Britain People. Which is wiser—to have confidence in the opinions of your fellow-citi- zens, of people you kiow, or depend on statements made by utter strang- ers residing in far-away places? Read the following: Mrs. F. W. Spéncer, 376 Maple St., New Britain, says: “I suffered almost continually from dull pains across my back. They. annoyed me most when T over-worked. 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