New Britain Herald Newspaper, February 12, 1916, Page 5

NEW, BRITAIN DAILY HERALD, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY {2, i916. School Board Asks for $308,195 for Next Year 3 Increase of $36,483 Sou, Schools Is Recommend ght—Physical Education in eded—Lunch Room at High School—Merchants to Talk. Estimates totaling $308,195, an In- crease of $36,483 over last year, were approved by the school board at the February meeting yesterday. The largest single item is $176,355 for day teachers' salaries, an increase of about $16,000. The estimated expense of running the Vocational High school is placed at $17,000 by Superintend- ent Holmes, so these two items ac- ,count for the bulk of the increase. Superintendent Holmes went over the estimates in detail, explaining to the board where and how the increases and decreases occur. Expense Will Grow. Mr. Holmes explained the continu- ally increasing cost of the schools by the growth of the city, necessary i crease of teachers, increased salaries and reduction of pupils in rooms from 50 to 35. The superintendent, how- ever, maintained that it is a good investment and will make a return to the city in other ways later on. Trade School Cost. In compiling an estimate of the expense of operating the Vocational High school, Mr. Holmes said he was forced to get his information from Superintendent Trinder as the school board had had no experience in the matter. He read a letter from Mr. Trinder containing the desired infor- mation, which placed the total at §17 000. The trade school superintendent sald the income of the school de- pends to some extent upon the amount of material furnished by the outsider where buildings were con- structed. On plumbing and painting Jjobs it has been the practice of the school to furnish materials. Estimates Compared. | Besides the increase of $16,000 for | teachers' salaries, growing expendi- tures show themselves under various heads. Janitors' salaries are estimat- ed at $15,275, an increase of $2,500 largely accounted for by the opening of the new Vocational High school. Evening schools remain the same at $3,600 and tuition to the state board of education is placed at $25,500, an increase of nearly $1,000. This eventually comes back to the city, but not to the school fund. Clerk hire will cost $3,350. Mr, Holmes said this was to be expected. Another clerk is requested at the High school and more aid is needed in the super- | intendent’s office. General and jani-l tors' supplies decreased nearly $750 and kindergarten supplies increased hearly $100. Printing is placed at $800 and may be less with the taking y for the board to ratify the action. Chairman Gaffney the law required this action. Mr. Holmes said the discounts amounted to about two per cent. On the Sug- gestion of Mr. Goodwin it was decided to have a regular report on the amount of the discounts. A bill of $3.60 for typewriter chairs for the Gammar school was obtained from B. C. Porter Sons. Thirty chairs are neede’l and the finance committee was empowered to let the contract at the price given. | For the finance committee Dr. Kel- | Iy reported a deficit of about $16,000 in the school funds. A transfer of $4,- 100 was obtained through the consent of the board of finance and taxation. Dr. Martin thought the board should have been notified before taking the matter up with the finance board. Mr. Holmes explained that the board of fi- nance and taxation had requested a statement. In answer to Dr. Mrtin's | question, Mr. Holmes said the short- age was duc to the fact that the esti- mates were cut $5,000 last year. The department owes the state $4,600 and it is possible this payment can be staved off until April. Reporting on the condition of the finances, Dr. Kelly reported a balance of $39,978.66 which with the $4,100 transferred to the board’s credit totals $44,078.66. Health and Sanitation. ing necess: Dr. E. T. Fromen, for the commit- tee on hezlth and sanitation, made a report. to be good except for the prevalence of grip, and measles. The schools are in' good sanitary condition. Trade School Contract. W. L. Hatch for the committee on school accommodations was not pre- pared to report on the contract with the state board of education regard- ing the contract for taking over the mach:nery and equipment at the state trade school, exccpt to say that the secretary had requested a conference next Tuesday morning. Mr. Holmes had a copy of the pro- posed contract and it was read by Mr. Hatch. The board was satisfied and the secretary was authorized to sign it on behalf of the school board . The report of the teachers’ commit- tee, which appeared in yesterday’s Herald, was read and approved. Physical Educatjon. E. M. Pratt, chairman of the special committee empowered to consider the sald | The reports of the four school | doctors show the health of the pupils | habits of bodily control and efficiency that will bring out the possibilities of the individual, physically as well as mentally. We therefore believe that an education that completely . meets human needs must include among its aims complete volitional control of the body, economic posture and move- ment ,and symmetrical physical devel- opment. Moral and Social Development. Through the muscles we establish and perfect habits and express our- selves in many ways. Therefore, phy- sical training is as important as men- tal and moral education, and it should not be regarded as merely physical in effect. The Problem of the Schools. During the pre-school life of the child it is the first duty of the parent | and community to care for the health ! of the child. | When the child passes from the | home to the school the problem is still | how to preserve and promote health { and more especially under the condi- | tions of city life. | If there were a failure to do all possible for the preservation of health, the school would be a poor servant of the community for it would neglect the most necessary possession of society, the health of its young which is the promise Of the welfare of future gen- erations. The Scope of the School’'s Prublem. Physical education includes 1. The training of body and mind and character through motor activity. | 2. Certain health activities, such as hygiene, physical examinations and sanitary and medical inspections ete. | Within the school these problems of health are many and serious. The school buildings with reference to location, sanitation, ventilation, heating, lighting, the form and ar- | rangement of desks, and freedom from disturbing influer.ces should be beyond criticism. The play grounds should be ample and so situated and so sur- | faced as to properly serve the needs of the children. The school program invplving Jength of periods for study, recitation and recreation and, their order should be scientifically constructed. The hyrienic aspects of the various school subjects and of methods of in- struction and study should be corect- ly understocd and provided for. The pedagogy and the hygiene of exercise and play. of recess and relax- ation must be taken into account. The means prevention of contag- ion must be understood and employed. The problem of cleanliness of the pupils, as well as the care and clean- liness of the school plant must be thoroughly solved. The detection of remediable physical cefects and their prcper treatment must be taken care of. These are some, not all, of the seri- ous scientific questions which demand the close study and attention of all who are responsible for the health of our children. Tt is, however, with the particular problem of health promotion through physical education that this report is specially concerned. over of the trade school. Text books, | question of physical education present- The Need and Value of Physical Train- stationery and writing materials total | $8,000, a slight increase. Tuel will | cost $500 more, the figures being $13,- | 000, though mild weather may effect | 2"saving here. Light and power are placed at $5,000 and it is possible a better rate may be obtained from the lighting company. Insurance is $2,500, a small Increase, and the school increase, and the school cen- sus is estimated at $800, last year be- : ing $776. The tenant officer’s salary is $900, the same as last year. Library books and apparatus will cost $1,000, last year being $900. School furni- ture is $1,000 or one half last year’s figure. Repairs and improvements are figured at $9,000. Last year they were | $5,079 and Mr. Holmes sald this fig- ure will increase as it is not possible ! to keep New Britain’s school plant | in repair on any such sum. The | school nurse will cost $1,000 as last year and medical inspection $1,050. Miscellaneous expenses are estimated at $6,000, slightly more than last year. The cost of maintaining vaca- tion schools is estimated at $600, last year being $520, and the open air school $2,600. Last year it was $2,560. Compensation insurance will cost $365, being $576 last year. . The Estimates. The figures as tabulated by the su- perintendent follow: Teaching (Day Schools) Janitors’ Salaries . Evening Schools % e Tuition State Board of Education... Superintendent of Schools Clerks . «General Suppli . Janitors’ Supplies Kindergarten Supplies Printing e Text Books Stationery and Writing Fuel .. Light and Power Insurance Census ;Truant Officer Library Books and Furniture Repairs and Improvements Nurse . .. Medical Inspection Miscellaneous Vacation Schools 5 Open Alr Schools Compensation Materials. Apparatus. Totals Tmnsfe.r Estimated Expenses 1916 to Aug. 1 Salaries Supplies Power Total Grand Total ed a detailed report, which recom- mends the employment of a male in- structor for the High and Grammar schools to haye charge of both phy- sical culture and athletics among the boys, a female instructor in the High ! and Grammar schcols for the girls and a female instructor for the lower grades, both boys and girls and to have supervision of play. Physical Instruction Report. The detailed report follows: To the School Committee, Gentlemen:— Y Your special committee appointed to consider the subject of physical edu- | cation presents the following report for your consideration. The Aims of Physical Eudcation. The modern ideal of physical educa- tion recognizes the following aims. 1. Health i. e., the normal develop- ment and growth of the body as an efficient organism. 2. Muscular training. with emphasis cn bodily control. 3. The development of moral social qualities. Health, a Nationa] Asset. We believe that an educated child without health is an economic loss. We therefore believe it to be the duty of the schools to make training for physical soundness of no less import- ance than intellectual training, for no and Appropriated Estimated Estimated 1915-16 1915-16 1916-17 $160,850 $160,652.00 $176,355 13,325 13,006 15,275 3,600 3,600 25,000 24,698 4,000 4,000 2,150 2,448 5,200 9,741.82 600 642.79 400 217.54 800 986.08 5,000 4,867.30 4,250 3,069.83 12,500 12,500 4,500 4,900 2,500 2,304.26 775 775.09 900 900 900 900 2,000 2,000 5,000 8,079.71 800 800 1,050 1,050 5,724 5,917.50 600 600 2,000 2,560 576 576 25,500 4,000 3,350 9,000 600 300 800 5,000 8,000 13,000 5,000 2,500 800 900 1,000 1,000 9,000 800 1,050 6,000 600 2,600 365 $265,000 $271,711.92 $291,395 4,100 $269,100 Trade School Dept. April 1, 1917. .$10,000 5,800 1,000 $16,800 $308,195 —————————————————————————————— e et Bills Approved. The board was asked to ratify p ment of bills totaling $1,201.59, paid to obtain disconnts. Dr. Martin “hought some method should be de- vised to pay these bills without it be- amount of culture or of wealth will avail unless we as a people have health. Muscular Training. The present conception of education emphasizes the need for developing ing. Probably the best of all controllable means of preserving and increasing the health of our childen and youth is properly regulated muscle culture. In our day, and more espccia in the industrial envircnment which rounds the city dweller, musct strength and endurance needed more than ever before, although it is in the city that muscular strength and ehdurance are least likely to be ac- quired or preserved. Physical Training jn Schools. ‘With reference to physical train- ing we, in America, have much to learn from the more progressive Eu- ropean countries, particularly from Switzerland, Germany and Sweden. In Switzerland, for example, a gym- nasium for boys and.one for girls is provided in each elementary and High 'school. The gymnasia are considered as necessary as class- rooms and assembly halls. Three hours a week for boys and for girls is devoted to physical train- ing. One of these periods is giv: to organized athletics and sports in the school yard. School excursions are also an important feature of the physical exercises. Six or seven half days and in the upper grades two full days additional are taken for ex- cursions.” Teacher and pupils wander into the country, singing popular and patriotic songs while marching. Games are played and geography and nature are studied. Two evenings each week, from five to seven o'clock there is outdoor work in games and sports under the direc tion of the teachers. Attendance is required. Boys of twelve are eligible for an organization which meets for outdoor physical exercises on two or more afternoons each week under the di- rection of teachers who volunteer their services. The high schools have their own Turnvereine. For boys of the highest grammar school grade and the High School age while practice is required and practice with the bow and ar- row is required in elementary and lowest grammar school grades. Special teachers of physical train- ing are employed for the high schools and in the elementary schools the work is carried on by the regular teachers who are men, except in the lowest grades. : Play the Most Fundamental Form of Physical Training. The most fundamental form of muscular training and exercise is found in play. For this reason we believe it should be made the basis of all physical training at different ages of the child’s development, the best guide as to what shall be played at any given age, if the social en- vironment be normal, being the nat- ural interest of the child himself. The Physical Director’s Function. It is then the office of the physical training director, not to artificially prescribe plays or exercises, but to stimulate in the child those forms of expression that have developed in the best social environments and among the most normal children. Play Motives. There are certain natural play mo- tives that may be utilized and direct- are European | alive and mu Famous Getty His famous Gettysburg address, best known contribution of Abra Lincoln to. lterature, is one of finest and most concise of American classics. It was delivered on Novem- ber 19, 1863, at the dedication of the now famous Gettysburg ceme- tery. The text of this great speech, with which every American should be familiar, follows: “Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the propo- sition that all men are created equal “Now we are engaged in a gre: civil war, testing whether that nation or any ion conceived and dedicated, can end W met on a great field that wa We are met portion it the final resting-place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fit- ting and proper that we should do this. the n long battl dedicate a e to of as , can | It Our Martyred President sburg Address. “But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who here have consecrated it r our power to add or detract. world will little note nor long re- member what we say here, but ir never forget what they did herc is for us, the living, rather to b dedicated here to the unfinished worl that they have thus far so nobly ried on. It is rather for us to here dedicated to the 'great t maining before us; that from these honored dead we take incressed de- votion {he cause for which they re gave the last full measure of votion; that we here highly fre- solve that the dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of free- dom, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the = The ! earth.” ed for educational purposes. Among these may be mentioned (1) The com- Dbative instinct, boxing, wrestling, foot- ball, basketball, and many other sports are the refined expression of | this strong primitive impulse for | combat. (2)Rythmic exercise in its simplier | forms (not ball room dances) is also one of the most universal forms of motor activity. It has possibilities for almost ideal bodily training, for strength, co-ordination and endur- ance, and it is also one of the educa- tors of the will and higher senti- ments. These and many other natural play impulses answer the motor needs of the child and afford the best possible means of motor education, the prob- | lem of the director of physical educ tion being to employ and direct these impulses for educational ends The Play Problem of Adolescence, The problem of physical training through play motives for the pre- adolescent child is neither complicat- ed nor difficult. Tt is at the age of adolesce: the Grammar and Higpn school period, that the plan problem | comes to the front in a new way. At | this time the play spirit must be kept be so utilized and ai rected as to save the youth from men- tal and moral as wel]l as physical ills, to carry on his enthusiasms as well as his physical development to the | highest possible plane. For reason, there must be ample provi- sion for the recreational life and the | home as well as the school should recognize fully the fundamental need | for and the power of play. Swimming, skating, tennis, golf, bowling, croquet, quoits, rythmic games, dancing of an appropriate character, walking, running, coasting, and . hill climbing are all of great value and importance since all of | these call for control of the emotion and will as well as for physic velopment and skill. mnastics In a state of nature more primitive social conditions it is inconceivable that formal gymnas- tics would be required for body train- ing. Gymnastics represents a conscious effort on the part of education to find a solution for a serious problem in the motor life of the child which is created by the abnormal conditions of city life. There are at least four dis- tinet idea of physical culture, each strongly represented by enthusiastic advocates, The; 1. The perfection of mechanism. | 2. Complete volitional control of the body. 3. | ment. and under Economic posture and move- ! the basis of all physical training | to | the Symmetrical development. to be noted, however, that these express aims but do not give us basic principles. To be sound, cither physiologically or psychologically, training, of the body must be based upon the laws governing mental and physical devel- opment. . The interests and needs of the growing child must govern ra- ther than the artificial requirements of any particular system of gymnastiz It is for this reason that we have already said that play should be mads at different ages of the child’s develop- ment. In play we have a basel instinct build, upon. The spirit of all phy- sical training must be that of play. Play is both mental and physical ac- tivity and it is just at this point in lack of play motive, of menal in- citement that so many gymnastic systems are unnatural, artificial and ineffective. For this reason we ion that practically lems of exercise in both the higher and the lower grades, as well as of athletics in the high school and gram- mar grades, must be considered from the andpoint of directed play. Thus conceived and thus directed these physical activities be employed are of the opin- all of the prob- m struggled | above | to regulate and traln not only tho | muscles but the instincts and impul- ses as well. Athletics. Athlet has serlous dangers well as great possibilities. Unregu | ed or improperly conducted it tends {10 help only the few who participate | and not all of these under all cir ’ cumstances. | Elements of professionalism and unworthy social ideals are likely to | | enter in unless the utmost caution is | | exercised. If properly directed and | | kept up to its best possibilities, | letics can, on the other hand, | play to the higner motives | conduct inculcate high | ideals. Sport is not for its own sake, nor for the amusement of the specta- tors, nor for the glory of the school, it is rather a means to be emnloyed | for the bringing of youth to com- ! | | l | 1 1 moral inlc(e manhood. All pupilg, not | few, should be reached. The aim to { bo sought should not be merely phy- | sical prowess or physical develop- | ment but harmony of body and mind | extending even to minor manner and deportment. | We believe that the natural desire | on the part of every normal youth of | grammar or high school age to be | healthy, strong and beautiful. if prop- erly directed, may be so employed as to afford a strong incentive for the formation of moral standards as well |as an adequate = physical develop- i ment, | The foregoing statement of princi- | ples will serve to indicate the needs {in our own school system— i 1. Skilled direction of | education, by trained specialists cover the needs of all puplils. 2. The devotion of sufficient time to the work of physical education in the daily program to insure results that wi be commensurate with the needs, 3. such a The present physical to Sufficient funds to carry out pre am of development physical training work as at arried on in our schools is inadequate, It should, in the opinion of your committee be completely re- organized and should be conducted on the lines already indicated in this report. At the present time no physical training is provided for either boys or girls of the elementary grade For the boys and girls of the Prevoca- tional-Grammar school one instructor, a woman, is employed for full time; and for the High school one instructor, a woman, devotes one half of her time to Physical Training for girls, the hoys of the High school being en- tirely neglected so far as physical education is concerned. i It is plain to see that the employ- ment of one and a half instructors for hte inspiration, the instruction and the physical deveiopment of ap- proximately 8,000 pupils. 2,300 of whom are of the adolescent age, is hopelessly inadequate, Again the | £2 that we have approximately 1,200 boys in our high and grammar grades who are without the whole- some and uplifting influence that they ought to receive from male physical director, one who under- stands the moral and mental as well as the physical problem of develop- ing boyhood and youth, is probably one of the most serious defects in our school system. Recommendations. We believe that the foregoing reveals the need of a thorough reor- ganization of the physical . education department of our schools. We therefore recommand:— 1. The employment of a man as a The play | as well as teach, 3. A character which in additig] to true culture and a spirit of fai ness po: the somewhat ity of high moral courage A general training such as a fi cducation affords. 5. Special knowledge of physiology, hygiene, dietetic gogy, psychology and soelolog To Visit Detrolt. suggestion board rag nato. ped, At the Gaffney the of Chairma authorized Supej intendent Holmes to attend the mi tional convention of school superis tendents in Detroit, February 22 to & Aid Salesman School. Chairman Gaffney reported th Principal French had asked authori to seek the ald of business men the department of household suppli and retail salesmanship at the Pri vocational school. No expense is @l tached, the idea being to invite mel chants and market men to instrul the pupils in salesmanship. Supe intendent Holmes added that the sto is equipped with dummy goods & authority was also asked to secu actual goods from stores for the pu pose, some of the merchants bet willing to provide them. Superi tendent Holmes w d handle the matter. High School Lunch The chairman was empowered name a committee of two to establis a lunch room at the High schox There are 200 students at the build ing now during the noon hour. was suggested that the old lunch roo in the basement of the High sch be equipped for the purpose and thi a committee of women be chosen supervise the business and tal charge of the profits, which might Y utilized towards the education of som person. Mr, Holmes told ¢ visiting school lunch rooms in i Orange and Montclair, N. J., and al the Washington Irving High school ¢ New York. In this school lunch provided for 3,400 pupils, a wom having the contract. 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The employment of a woman as director of physical education for the elementary grades, for both boys and girls, whose special field should be the supervision of the play interests of the children of these grades for the purposes of physical training, this grades, whose special field should be | ector of physical education for girls | OUR GREAT | | | | SACRIFICE SALE Extra Special ' Tonight Women's Winter Coats sa work to be done as far as possible through the direction and instruction 4. That the necessary amount of money for carrying out these recom- | mendations be included in the esti- mates for school expenses for the next | financial school year, and that this | program be begun with the opening of the schools in September, 1916. The estimated additional cost for | the above is approximately $1,800. In the selection of directors of phy- sical training as recommended above we believe the following qualifications should be established: 1. 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