New Britain Herald Newspaper, September 6, 1915, Page 10

/by American Eress Assoclation. ©O. H. P. Belmont, one of the, g New York”suffragists. Jane Addams, lllinois lea lid*much to gain the vote her state. 3.—Mrs. Frari ing, president of the Penn Suffrage association. 4. ‘H. 0. Havemeyer, widow sugar king, waving thei‘s: torch of freedom.” Stanton Blatch, presider Noman’s Political union. tinez Milholland Boi: New York leaders. IHoward Shaw (right), pre al American Woman’s Sufir: tion, and Mrs. James L. w (left), seated in suffr: ‘presented by New York woin." fliss Margaret Wycherly, a N. worker, portraying “Libert, ‘recent pilgrimage to the stat.. iberty. 9.—Mrs. Norman de R house, chairman of New York licity committee. 10.—Miss Alice Blackwell, president of the achusetts State Woman’s Suf- association and daughter of Stone, the pioheer suffragist in United States. nent suffragists—(left), ond Brown, president of New State Suffrage ociation; pter) Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, sident International Suffrage al- (right) Miss Mary Garrett , New York city chairman of the »'s suffrage party. ITH twelve states already committed to woman suffrage and four more to vote on the question | November elections, interest in ctions of the country is rapidly ng. Four of the most populous § in the Union will decide the on at the polls this fall, and both and anti-suffrage organizations dent of victory. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Massa- chusetts will decide this year. Here are the states where the women already have the vote: Arizona, Cali- fornia, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Kan- sas, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, ‘Washington and Wyoming. As yet no eastern state has granted its women a right to vote, Illinois being the near- est to the Atlantic seaboard: Women Campaign Active. The women have been very active in their campaign for votes and have re- sorted to many unique devices with which to advertise and bring their propaganda before the public eye. On any night on the street corners of the large cities in the states where the elections are to be held this year wom- en are making their pleas direct to the voter, to the;man on the street. Some of the suffrage orators are excellent speakers, and in this manner they have done much to advertise their cause and keep it before the public eye. The New York suftragis(s have taken every opportunity to point out the growth and development of the funda- mental ideas which are émbodied in woman'’s suffrage and have quoted the following dates from history: In 1800 no married woman In the state could hold any property or make a will. No woman could go to college. No woman eould enter any trade, in- dustry or profession outside the home. 1821—The first female seminary was opened at Troy by Emma Willard. That a girl should study Latin or geometry was considered ridiculous. 1848—New York first gave married women the right to hold and control their own property. 1849—The first woman to graduate in medicine took a degree from, the medical college in Geneva, N. Y. Her name was Elizabeth Blackwell. She NE YEAR OF OPERATION OF PANAMA CANAL HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL ONE by American Press Assoclation. Gmh-ll and Mrs. Goethals and the Missouri, first warship to pass through canal. ‘over a year since the Panama 1 was opened. The year has a momentous one. Expec- that were entertained and es that were made of their ive volume of traffic cannot, , be judged because the condi- have been abnormal. rld commerce in a world war pd affords little basis for measur- It in normal peace periods, yet some flusions may be drawn concerning ffect of the canal on trade move- ‘absence of German ships has fone of the factors in lessening the gof traffic. The Germans in their marine, as in everything ully prepared to utilize the calgulations had been test detail. Some of gh they would have The value of the British fleet to the British merchant marine by driving the Germans off the sea and absorbing their trade has been manifest, but there has been an actual loss of traffic due to the complete paralyzing of German overseas commerce. Allowance must be made for this in any guesses as to the future volume of trafic through the canal. During the first year it has meant a subtraction of revenge tolls, and from present indications this minus quantity must be allowed for during another year at least. The first year of operation has brought some surprises and has con- founded some prophecies. It was quite generally assumed that the canal sounded the doom of the sailing ships. Just the opposite has happened. They have been given a new lease on life. It has been demonstrated that they can use the canal to advantage. In June the barkentine Jeha C. Meyer of San Francisco passed through the canal with a cargo of lumber from Oregon for Quebec. She lost time in the area of doldrums, west of Central America, but she saved fifty days in the voyage to Quebec as compared with the long voyage around tempestu- ous Cape Horn. During the same month the four masted steel bark Bell was dispatched from Balboa for Japan with a cargo of oil from Philadelphia. month her sister ship, the Daylight, passed through the cana! with a cargo of petroleum from New York for Shanghai. The canal commission has been so | tmpressed with the prospect that it has sought the co-operation of the United States hydrographic office to give full knowledge regarding seasonal winds |and other information regarding direc- |tlons for sailing vessels. It has also formulated suggestions that the sailing vessels miake arrangements with regu- lar steamship lines to pick them up in the area of doldrums and tow them into Balboa. The commission gives some sugges- tive figures regarding the cost of han- dling the sailing vessels going through the canal and the saving in net ex- pense from port to port. It estimates that on the voyage from New York to San Francisco a vessel might be ex- pected to save eighty days at sea. It is stated that a ship of 2,000 tons and up may be operated at sea at a cost of $76 a day. The charges for passing such a vessel through the canal would approximate $2,700. Subtracting these charges from the saving of eighty days at sea at $75 per day, or a total of $6,- 000, the net saving to the operator would be $3,300. This mathematical demonstration of the money value of the canal to sail- ing ships may be subject to some va- riation, but the outstanding fact is the passage both of big and little sailing vessels through the canal and the con- clusion of sc conservative an official as Governor Goethals and his associates that the canal route is favorable to them, The experience in regard to traffle routes, making allowance for the up- set caused by the world war, in ‘the main justifies anticipations. Thus far the chief volume of traffic is the coast- wise trade—that is, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and vice versa. This runs above 40 per cent of the total volume- had been refused the right to study in ten different colleges of medicine. The people of Geneva thought her either wicked or insane. She was not admitted to lodgings in New York city, where she began her practice, because people thought she was not respectable. 1853—The first woman Wwas ordain- ed as pastor of the Orthodox Congre- gational church in South Butler, N. Y. Her name was Antoinette Brown Blackwell. She was appointed a dele- gate to the first world’s temperance convention held in New York city. 1860—Wider “married women’s prop- erty act” gave them power to control property, including their own wages. 1860—Joint guardianship of children. 1862—Joint guardianship of children repealed. 1867—Married women given author- ity to will property. 1872 — Mother again made guardian of child. equal ERA CRUZ, the first port of the Mexican republic, holds many picturesque sights and experiences for the American sailors now aboard the battleships out- side that port during the crisis in the Later in the | affairs of the country. The city, which is one of the oldest, quaintest and most cosmospolitan of the Mexican coast towns, with a popu- lation of 25,000, was one of the first places to be settled by the Spanish in- vaders and the scene of battles ancient and modern. Today it presents a curi- ous blend of both periods—fine new buildings standing side by side with diminutive negro cabins and certain parts of the city resembling Valencia and Bilbao transplanted to the new world, The city epitomizes the whole of Mexican history. Here the Spaniards planted their first stockade, fought their first battle with the natives and established their.base of supplies while they attacked the great stronghold of the Aztecs. And from it they sent back their fleet laden with gold, wrested from the dying Indians. For three cen- turies it was the main port of New Spain, and when the Mexicans threw off the Spanish yoke the last flag of Spain was hauled down from the for- tress of San Juan de Ulua, in the bay of Vera Cruz, one mile from the main~ land. The Castillo de San Juan de Ulua, on La Gallega island, formerly a penal settlement, consists of a fort,.a dry- dock, shipyard, lighthouse and a mili- tary prison and marine signal station. The cornerstone was laid in 1528, and the massive foundations of the fort be- low the water line are said to have cost upward of 4,000,000 pesos ($2,000,~ 000). They have withstood the inces- sant pounding of tremendous seas for four centuries. More than 40,000,000 pesos have been spent on Ulua. The bay and harbor, formed by the coast and the Gallega reef, are difficult of entrance to ships because of the many close small reefs. The harbor has an area of 550 acres and an aver- age depth of only thirty feet. The mouth, eighty-six feet wide, is pro- tected by a lighthouse. Formerly ships were obliged to put to sea for safety in a blow. Recently more than $30,- 000,000 has been spent to make the harbor safe with breakwaters and sea wall, with artificial blocks weighing more than thirty tons each. The har- bor is full of man eating sharks. There are four railways in Vera Cruz ) =the Mexican railway. the Interocean- 1880—School suffrage to women in country districts. 1888—Joint guardianship act again repealed. 1893—Joint guardianship act finally established. Law still discriminates in favor of man in matters concerning custody of child. 1901—Tax suffrage towns and villages. 1910—Women in towns, villages and third class cities granted right to vote on issuance of bonds. And they conclude with the ques- tion. “Will full suffrage be granted to the women in November, 1915?" Massachusetts Women Busy. All of Massachusetts is seething with the suffrage question. No other single subject so engrosses the attention of Massachusetts at present, The maneuvers of the women folk are going on. and. of course. a vast to women in VERA GRUZ, MEXICO’S FIRST PORT. AN OLD AND VER Photos by American Press Assoclation. Top—Fort San Juan de Ulua an ic railway, the Vera Cruz and Isthmus rallway, and the Vera Cruz Limited. The chief hotels are near the railway stations and docks and generally un- der Spanish management, with Eng- \ amount of what suffragists call educa- tional work has been done for several years past. The suffragists and the “antis” brought into the state all their most prominent national leaders, and from now until the first ironing day after the first washday in November the oratory of the feminine “stump speaker” will roll in a wave of argu- ment from Cape Cod to the Berk- shires. Both sides are eager for the fray, and each is claiming a prospec- tive victory. The campaign of the suffragists in- cludes a state wide canvass under the direction of Mrs. Teresa A. Crowley, chairman of the legislative committee, who is directing the work of 207 or- ganized leagues afflliated with the headquarters in Boston. It is claimed that 100,000 voters have been pledged to vote for the suffrage amendment. It is the intention of the army of can- vassers who have been enrolled and d Vera Cruz harbor. Independencia avi lish also spoken. There are tramways connecting the railroad stations and traversing the main avenue, and that avenue boasts of asphalt. The road from Vera Cruz to Mexico Y NTEES who are working with enthusiasm to see every voter in the state in person before election day, to argue and de- bate with him if that should be neces- sary, and to send appropriate literature to every voter to make doubly sure, ¢ Ivery clty, town and hamlet will be ded. They are doing all this, to quote their own expression, “with a wealth of intelligence, but littie money.” The presence of a large forelgn born and, generally speaking, ignorant vote in the state is one of the greatest ob- jections to doubling the number of voters and an argument that won't down. No other New England state has gone as far as Massachusetts has gone, but thete is suffragist activity in all of them, and it is realized that the ac- tion of Massachusetts will largely in- fluence the trend of thought in New England. New Jersey Active. New Jersey women have not been be- hind in their fight for the ballot, nor have the anti-suffragists of that state been sitting 1dly by while their sisters who want to vote are working for their cause. Jersey suffragists point to the fact that the very first suffragist in America was a native of that state. Lucy Stone, the pioneer, was a resi- dent of that state, and the suffragists recently unveiled a tablet in honor ot her memory at her birthplace.. This was the occasion for a great suffrage rally. Pennsylvania likewise is overflowing with interest and excitement. There are suffrage organizations in nearly all cities of the state, and the women are working hard for the ballot, On the November elections much de« pends. If a singlé eastern state grants women the right to vote the suffragists hold that the movement will rapidly spread to other sections and also see chances of invading the south before many years have passed, .On the oth- er hand, if the suffragists are defeated it is pointed out that they will have to wait a good many years before they can get their cause before the voters INTERESTING CITY . enue and birdseye view of city. 2 City, 263 miles long, which will stretch before any American forces on an inland march, is beset at many points with danger spots amid grand and imae posing mountain scenery. )