New Britain Herald Newspaper, August 23, 1915, Page 9

REPEAT? Interest.in Coming 'Golf Champion« Centers About Champion. Detroit, Aug. 23.—Will Ouimet suceed in defending title as amateur golf champion the United States? 6 As winner the open championship in. 1913, when he defeated, among others, the great British professionals Har- ry Vardon and Edward Ray, and as winner of the cham- pionship in 1914, in which he de- feated Jerome D. Travers, four times amateur champion, 6 up and 5 to play, there is naturally great Hterest in what he will do when the amateur 2olf championship oi 1915 is contested for, Aug. 28 to Sept. 4, on the links of the Country club of Detroit. Will Jerome D. Travers, open champion of the United States and the other scratch man, turn’ the tables on Quimet and not only be open as well as amateur champion for 1915, a record never laeretofore made in the history of American golf? Will one of the vet- crans, Charles Evans, Jr., or W. J. Travis, or will cne of the young- sters, Philip Carter of the Nassau County ‘club or Max R. Marston of the Cranford Golf club, Frank W. Dyer of the Montclair Golf club, Hamilton K. Kerr of the Ekwanck Country club or some other ncw §t:‘n' or old star, flash into view as winner of the championship? All of these interesting questions will be answered during the tourney. The winner will receive a gold medal, and his club will be the cus- todian of the Havemeyer cup for one year. The play for the cham- pionship will open Saturday, Aug. 28, with a preliminary qualifying round of eighteen holes medal play, ynd the best sixty-four will be eligible to play in a thirty-six holo qualifying medal play round on Monday, the thirty-two players having the est scores for tho thirty-six holes to qualify zor the championship. Beginning Tuesday, the thirty-two play- ers wili play a ‘thirty-six hole match play round, and the survi- vors of each day will continue play- 4ng thirty-six hole match play rounds until Saturday, when the two finalists will play the same numb-r of holes for the champion- ship itself. The cut shoW% five prominent entrants and a scene on the links of the Country club of De- troit. CAN OUIMET Francis his ot of amateur .BOXING ASSOCIATION FORMED Promoters Meet in Cleveland, and Organize—Hinkel is President. Cleveland, Ohio, Aug. 23.—Fifteen boxing promoters and managers, rep- resenting as many sections of ‘the cpuntry and almost as many more promoters yesterday formed the Am- erican Boxing Association of the United States. The purpose of the organization is to promote boxing in its best form to exert control over the sport, to protect the public, the box- gf, the manager, and the promoter. M. J. Hinkel of this city was elected president; Gene Melady of Omaha, secretary and treasurer, and Harry Edwards of Philadelphia, first vice president. A committee consisting Harris, Baltimore; Mike Collins, Hudson, Wis.; Tom Anlrews, Mil- waukee, and Harry Edwards, Phila- delphia, was appointed by President Hinkel to meet with Eastern promo- ters who were unable to attend the convention here, at the Knickerbock- er Hotel, New York, Sept. 12, the day after the Gibbons-McFarland contest. The proposal to alter the weight limits for the varipus classes was passed. That means that hencefortna The limits to be recognized by the A: B. A. are: bantamweight, 118; fea- therweight, 125; lightweight 135; welterweight, 147; middleweight, 160; light heavyweight 175. It was agreed to reduce the en- trance fee for admission to the asso- ciation from $25 to $10. It was de- cided that the larger sum would pre- vent small clubs from becoming al- lied with the organization. ! It was feared at first that the New'| York promoters especially would show only a lukewarm, if any, inter- est in the association. But, in view of the fact that three Gotham promo- | ters have signified their intentions of | joining, it seems probable that others will follow suit. Billy Wellman ot the Madison Square Garden, New York; John Finneran and Hugh | Shannon of Erie, Ed Thatcher of Toledo and one or two others applied for admission into the organization. Every officier in the new American Boxing Association donates his ser- vices. There are. no salaries. . of Sam are so low as to provide only enough money to cnduct the affairs f the or- ganization. FRATERNAL LEAGUE. Red Men Again Prove Superiority Over Jr. O. U. A. M. Aggregation. The Red, Men maintained their su- ‘perior playing by trouncing the Junior O U. A. M, 6 to 3 Saturday. The leaders got off to a good start and were never in the danger zone. Beg- ley carried off the batting honors with four hits out of five trips to the plate. The score: E Wed Men ........130200000—6 14 4 Jr. 0. U. A. M.,.000001002—3 10 4 Batteries: Peterson and Wright; Chalmers and Scharff. r. h e DETECTIVES. If you are anticipating tion in any matter where Integrity and results are fwrite A. G. BROWN, 26 STREET, HARTFORD, 'PHONE CHARTER 412. secrecy, essentlal STATE CONN. The | dues of both promoters and boxers | investiga- | DD FELLOWS FIELD DAY. Andree Lodge Makes Best Showing at Event Held Saturday. The Odd Fellows of New Britain held the fourth annual field day at the State Fair grounds, Berlin, Sat- urday. While the attendance was somewhat less than last year, the en- thusiasm and spirit of outdoor sports was as strong as ever. The general committee plRced on ‘role for the first time a banner made and designed especially for the accasion. The souv- enir admission badge this year was on the same order as last year, but from a specially designed form. These banners and souvenir admission badge were furnished by the Fuller Regalia company of Worcester, Mass, who cater especially to such affairs. The medals of gold, silver and bronze were suspended from a heavy silk navy bluc ribbon. These were supplied by the Whitehead-Hoag & Company of New- ark, N. J. One of the new features of the events was a 25-yard dash for women, the prize being a silver cream ladle, Miss Kallgren winning. Miss Kallgren is a sister of Phil Kallgren of Andre Lodge, who is a star half miler, se- curing six medals in yvesterday’s meet. o The general committee were very much disappointed to learn that the majority of the Phenix track team Wwere out of town, so that the event was contested by Andree and Lexing- ton. However, the day was fine and everyone enjoyed it. The .general cammittee will hold its final meeting Monday evening, August 30, at 8:50 o’cleck in Odd Fellows Ciub rooms, Hungerford Court, the chairman ex- pects each member to be present. 100-yard Dash—First, H. Peterson, Andree Lodge; second, J. Larson, An- dree; third, A. Holmberg, Andree; time, 10 1-4 seconds. One-Half Mile Run—First, P. Kall- gren, Andree; second, G. Hanson, Lex- ington; third, A. Holmberg, Andrec; time, 2 minutes 22 seconds. Tug - of - War—Won by Lodge. Ladies’ 50-yard Dash—First, Miss Kallgren; second, M Lindquist; third, Miss Hoagland; time, 8 1-5 sec- onds. 220-yard Dash—First, H. Peterson, Andree; second, J. Larson, Andree; third, G. Bunce, Iexington; time 24 3-4 seconds. State I. O. O. F. Half-Mile Run— First, P. Kallgren, Andree; second, W. Nelson, Andree; time 3 minutes 24 seconds. Novice 100-yard Dash—TFirst, J. Holmberg, Andree; second, J. Schroe- der, Lexington; third, Peterson, Andree; time, 11 2-5 seconds. Running High Jump—First, P. Klampt, Lexington; second, D. Lind- berg, Andree; third, J. Schroeder, Lexington; distance, 4 feet 10 inches. State I. O. O. F. 100-yard Dash— First, H. Peterson, Andree; second, J. Larson, Andree; third, A. Klein, Mid- dletown; time, 10 3-5 seconds. Fat Men’s Race—First, A. Peterson, Andree; second, M. Miner; time, 14 4-5 seconds. Running Hop, Step and Jump— First, H. Peterson, Andree; second, P Klambt, Lexington; thid, J. Schoed- er, Lexington; distance 35 feet, {3 inches. Twelve Pound Shot Put—Won by H. Robertson, Lexington; second, J. Schoeder, Lexington; third, P. Klambt Lexington; distance, 39 feet, 9 inches. One-Fourth Mile Race—First, J. Larson, Andree; second, P. Kallgren, Andree; third, G. Hanson, Lexington; time, 57 seconds. Sack Race—First, E. Peterson, An- dree; second, Berglund, Andree; third, P. Kallgren, Andree; time 14 1-5 seconds. Running Broad 'Jump—sFirst, H. Peterson, Andree; second, J. Schoed- der, Lexington; third, P. Klambt, Lexington; distance, 19 feet, 2 inches. Men'’s Egg Race—First, E. McWil- liams, Phenix; 9 minutes, 1 second. One-Half Mile Run, Novice—First C. Johnson, Andree; second, W. Wardner, Lexington; third, W. Miner, Phenix; time 2 minutes, 40 seconds. Pole Vault—First, W. Nelson, An- dree; second, D. Lunberg, Andree; third, P. Kallgren, Andree; distance 8 feet, 6 inches. One Mile Relay—Won by Andree Lodge, 4 minutes, 19 4-5 seconds. 5 In the contest for traveling cup, Andree Lodge scored 64 points, Lex- ington 34, Phenix 1. For the Morans cup, Lexington scored 18 points, and Phenix 0. Andree BALLOON CHASERS WIN, Boys Obtain Valuable Prizes From Flectric Light Company. Valuable prizes were awarded to the boys who chased up and caught the balloons liberated Saturday by the United Electric Light and Wa- ter company. TI'irst prize, a house lamp, went to Harry Nair of 551 Main street. le caught his baloon near the Center church. His cousin, Thomas Nair caught a balloon as it sailed into the window at the Cor- bin Screw factory. His prize was | an electric percolator. Third prize | went to Hiram Pearson who caught his balloon near Washington street. Cash prizes were won as follows: Vincent Hayes, $2, Richard Hall $1. Many attended the electrical ap- pliance exhibit at the office on West Main street during the afternoon and evening. Pictures Worth Seeing. Vivid scenes of activity the various theaters of war; social sporting, political and other events of universal interest are pictured from weck to week in the New Yorw World’s great Gravure Sup- plement. This Sunday World pic- torial section is a new and exceed- ingly interesting feature of Ameri- ca’s greatest newspaper. It is print- ed in buff colored ink on a fine quality paper suitable to preserve as a picture collection of lasting in- terest. Order the Sunday World from your newsdealer in advance. in i ‘ I use the Detecta Phone, | —aavt. “INSIDE STORY” OF LYNGHING OF FRANK Never Replied When Asked if He Killed Mary Phagan Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 23.—The first actual story of all that took place on the death ride of Leo M. Frank from Milledgeville to Marietta between midnight and dawn last Tuesday morning became available to The As- sociated Prefs yesterday. The recital came in a manner which seemingly placed its authenticity beyond all question. The narrator, however, will not be a witness before the Cobb county grand jury, which on Septem- ver first will be asked to undertake a thorough investigation of the lynch- ing of the man alleged to have been the slayer of little Mary Phagan, It also became known yesterday that Governor Nat E. Harris during the past few days has received several anonymous threatening letters pur- porting to warn him not to go “too far” in his investigation of the lynch- ing. The governor i not inclined to take theletters seriously. Points of Narrator. The “inside story” of events which preceded the finding of Frank's life- less body swaying from the limb of the big oak tree cleared up many phases of the tragic incident which heretofore have been veiled in mys- tery. Points asserted by the narrator were First—Frank did not confess. He twice was asked if he had anything to say, but on each occasion replied “Nio.” Asked pointedly if he killed the Phagan girl, he is said to have made no reply whatever. Second—No attempt was made to force a confession. Frank’s state- ment, just prior to his death, that he loved his wife and mother better than he did his life, came unexpectedly and without questioning. Third—Frank was not maltreated in any way prior to the actual lynch- ing. Stories that he may have met violent death before he was hanged to the Frey oak tree are without foundation. Frank Never Faltered. Fourth—Frank walked a distance of 200 yards from the automobile to the death tree without a faltering step; without a sigh, or semblance of 2 protest. Fearing perhaps that his body might never reach his relatives, he asked that the wedding ring he wore be delivered to a newspaper man with the solemnr promise that it would be turned over to his wife. This wish was carried oul. Fifth—Frank was told from the start that he was to be executed as the court had directed that he be and every effort was made by the so-called “vigilance committee” to see that the legal hanging” as they termed the lynching, was carried out in an or- dérly manner. Members of the igilance committes” are said to re- sent any intimation that Frank was “maltreated’” while in their custody. They assert he was given exactly the same consideration usually given to a condemned man on the day of his execution. The rough handling of the body after it was down was a matter concerning which members of the “‘committee” feel they were not re- sponsible. Felt They Had Sacred Duty. Sixth—The members of the “vigi- lance committee” felt they had a sacred duty to perform in ‘“‘carrying out the mandate of the courts of the state and of the United States.” There was no mob spirit, no demonstration and there is said to have been no idea of hanging Frank in the public square at Marietta or in the cemetery where Mary Phagan lies buried. There was, however, a determination that the execution should take place in Cobb county, inasmuch as all the members of the “committee” are said to be residents of Cobb county, the reason for this is obvious. Seven automobiles were required to transport the ‘vigilence committee” from Marietta to Milledgeville. Only four returned, including the car 1n which Frank rode. All the machines were small cars, of a popular make. These cars were especialy selected because of the difficulty in identifying them. No car of conspicuous design or color was wanted. There were probably twenty-eight men in the lynching party. Still in Hospital. The machines left Marietta singly Monday afternoon and reached the ‘'prison farm shortly after 10 o’clock. After Warden Smith and Superin- tendent Burke had benen called from their homes and bandcuffed the par- ty proceeded ta the prison house in which Frank was known to be quar- tered. Frank was just recovering from the wound inflicted on his throat by William Green, a fellow prisoner, and was to have been returned ta the regular sleeper dormitory on Tuesday night. On the night of death, how- ever, he was still in the hospital raom adjoining the warden’s office. When the lynching party had entered the prison and its members were disarm- ‘the outer guards, one of the s” at the prison, who was also on guard duty, blew out an oil lamp burning just outside Frank’s door. He also extinguished the dim light burn- ing in the hospital room. A member of the party was quick to see this. He hailed the ‘“trusty” “Come here with a match,” he cammanded. “ I haven’'t got one,” convict guard. ' “Well, you had better damned quick.” Saw Gleam of Revolver. The guard saw the gleam of a re- volver and lost no time in complying. So far as known, this was the only semblance of an oath used in Frank’s presence. This was in keeping with the determination of the members of the “vigilance committee’ to give ta replied the get one their acts a consistent atmosphere of officialty. Four men entered Frank's room. The noise at the outer door already had awakened the prisoner, but he was still lying in bed when his room was entered by the self-appointed executioners, who wore hats well pulled down to meet the automobile goggles which served the purpose of | masks. | “We want you to come with us,” | Frank was told. ! There was neither surprise nor ter- ror in the look he turned upon the four determined men. In silence Frank arose and started to dress himself. He was still feeble from the loss of blood suffered in the Green attack and swayed a little daz- zily. “Don’t bother with the clather; come just as you are,” he was com- manded. Picked Up and Carried. Unresistingly and without any peal for protection Frank permitted himself to be handcuffed. Clad only in a sleeping garment he walked into the prison corridor, a member of the ‘“vigilance committee’ on cither side 2f him and two bringing up the rear. When the party had reached the prison porch the leaders thought the progress being made was toa slow; so Frank was picked up and carried down the concrete steps of the prison. It is strenuously denied that Frank was dragged or “bumped” down the steps and it is also denied that one of the members of the party helped carry him by the hair: In substan- tiation of this it pointed out that when Frank’s body was cut down the only mark on it was a slight abrasion of the right arm, just above the el- bow. This, it is said, was caused by striking the arm against the narrow door of the automobile as he was lifted into the machine at Milledge- ville or by swaying against the trunk of the oak tree as Frank was being lifted to his death. The wound in Frank's throat was not opened until the weight of his ap- body had heen thrown against the hangman's knot. There apparently was no doubt in Frank’s mind as to the meaning of his abduction. He had been fully aware of the threats that had been made aginst him and of the holding in readiness of the militia several weeks ago, when there is every reason to believe the so- called ‘“execution” was first plannd. Seven Cars in All Two men climbed into the back seat of the car in which Frank had been placed, one sitting on either side. Another member of the ‘“com- mittee”” was seated beside the chauf- feur. There were seven cars in Milledgeville at this time. Only four returned to Marietta, the other three being left behind at Little River as a rear guard. These were the cars which successfulyy baffiled those who first started in pursuit of the lynch- ing party. For seven hours Frank sat in the automobile which was carrying him to death. The roads were often rough, but the party maintained a speed of about twenty miles an hour. There was but one delay—-a puncture wWhich was quickly mend-- ed Frank's hatless sitting erect in the tonneau leading car, was in striking contest to the sombre hued men beside him Although the roads were black and lonely the glaring electric head- lights of the cars following kept the first car brilliantly illuminated. The highways were deserted, however, and the farmhouses which were passed were darkened for the slum- ber hours, Spoke Very Littie. During all this long journey only two syllables left Frank's lips. The men who had determined that he should die left him alone with his meditations. Soon after he had been placed in the automobile Frank was told he was being taken to his place of exe- cution. ““The courts of Georgia have sen- tenced you to be hanged and they never reversed that sentence. It has devolved upon us to carry out their decree.” white-clad figure of the Did Not Flinch. Frank did not flinch. The stoicism which had marked his long c finement in prison and with which he had met <1l the reverses which followed his many legal attempts for liberty, did not desert him in the last hours of his life It was after the destination of his captors had been disclosed that Frank was asked the question: “Is there anything you would like to say before your execution?” At first there was no reply. Then slowly, the recently wounded man shook his head. “No.” Then Frank was asked if he had killed the Phagan girl, and the cap- tors say he made no reply. This question was mnot repeated until near the journey’s end, and again it is said there was no reply. The final interrogation was: “Is there nothing you wish say?” to Sole Conversation. These four questions were the sole conversation in the death car. | As daylight approached the speed of the car was increased. It was a full hour after dawn when the four cars drew up just below the gin house on the William Frey place and stopped at the ecdge of | an oak thicket. The door of the leading car opened and Frank was told to out. The big tree which so soon to be his scaffold loomed large in the thicket, but Frank either did not see or attached mno importance to it at first. He walked with firm steps between two of his captors, his eyves upon the ground. Speaks Love for Wife, was | step was It was while the silent procession was progressing thus that ly Frank spoke. “I love my wife and mother more than I do my life.” The words were uttered more (o | himself than for any dramatic ef- fect upon his hearers, but evidently Frank had been pondering that last | sudden- | had | eyes, WALSH URGES MILLION LIMIT ON INHERITANCE Remedy for Social and Industrial Unrest in U, S. Says Majority Report of Commission—Minority Blames Distryst e NN Chicago, Aug. 23.—A limit of $1,. 000,000 on the fortune that any man may leave to his heirs is the remedy for the social and industrial unrest in the United States suggested by Chairman Frank P. Walsh and John B, Lennon, James O'Connel and Aus- tin B. Garretson, three of his associ- ates in the Federal Commission on Industrial Relations. The five other members aof the com- mission do not advocate this specific limitation of inheritance. Nor do they hold that the present social and indus- trial unrest is primarily due to the unequal distribution of wealth, but rather that it is due to the failure to administer the labor laws and to the popular distrust of the municipal, state and national government. To remedy the conditions of social and industrial unrest the other mem- bers of the commission, Mrs. Florence J. Harriman, Prof. Commons and Messrs. Weinstock, Ballard and Aish- ton, would establish a permanent in- dustrial commision which would be supported by an inheritance tax on large fortunes, this tax to be gradu- ated from 1 per cent on the excess, of a $25,000 fortune left to direct heirs to 15 per cent on a fortune more than §1,000,000. Rockefeller, Jr., Like Louis XVI The mental attitude of John D. Rackefeller, Jr., is likened to that of Louis XVI, king of France, in the report which Chairman Frank P. Walsh and Commissioners Lennon, O’Connell and Garretson wil submit to congress. Elsewhere in the report as illustra- tions of certain widespread evils in the industrial world are references to the conditions in Colorado, where Mr. Rockefeller has extensive interests. It was because of this attack upon Mr, Rockefeller that Mrs. Florence J. Hariman, Prof. John R. Commons Harris Weinstock, S. Thurston Ballard and Richard H. Aishton refused to sign the report recommended by Basil M. Manly, the commision’s di- rector of research and investigation. The minority report declares that a condition of feudalism exists in the mining regions of Colorado, “but it de- cries any attempt to hold responsible any single individual. It emphasizes the fact that the whole situation in Colarado., West Virginia and other places where industrial warfare has existed is due to a system which can- | not be remedied by the public abuse of an individual.” Likens Rockefeiler to King. The report signed by Chairman Walsh and Commissioners Lennon, O’Connell and Garretson says directly of M Rockefeller: *The king can do no wrong’ because he is abouve the law every function is either per- formed or respansibility assumed by his ministers and agents. Similarly our Rockefeller: Morgans, Fricks, Van- derbilts and Astors can do no indus- trial wrong because all effective ac- tion and direct responsibility are shifted from them to the executive officials who manage American indus- try. The similitude, indeed, runs even to mental attitude and phrase. Com- pare these two statements: “John D. Rockefeller, Jr. appreciation of the conditions sur- rounding wage earners and my sym- pathy with every endeavor to better these conditions are as strong as those of any man.’ “Louis XVIL.—'There is none but you and me that has the people’s interest at heart.” (‘Il n'y a que vous et moi qui aimions le peuple.’) “The families of these industrial princes are already well established and are knit together not only by com- mercial alliances but by a network of inter-marriages which asure harmoni- ous action wherever their common in- terest is threatened. “Effective action by congress is re- quired therefore not only to readjust on a basis commensurate in some measure to the service performed the existing enequalities in the dis- tribution of wealth and income but also to check the growth of a heredi- tary aristocracy which is not anly for- eign to every conception of American government but menacing to the wel- fare of the people and the existence of the nation as a democracy. Concentration of Wealth., The report summarizes evidence showing that forty-four families possess agregate incomes totaling at the least $50,000,000 a year, while be- tween one-fourth and one-third of male workers in factories and mines 18 years of age and over earn less than $10 per week and only about one-tenth earn more than $20 per week. “Massed in millions, at the other end of the social scale,” continues the report, “‘are fortunes of a size never before dreamt of, whose very owners do not know fhe extent, nor withaut the aid of intelligent clerks even the sources of their incomes. In- not only but because — My | capable of being spent in any legiti- mate manner, these fortunes are burdens, which can only be squand- ered, hoarded, put into so-called ‘ben- afaction,” which for the most part constitute a menace to the state or put back into the industrial machine to pile up ever increasing mountains of gold, | question and this was his answer. A few moments later the noose been placed, a handkerchief been tied closely about his there was a pull, a tightening of hempen rope and Frank's life was fast ebbing away Tt was half an hour after “‘committee” had completed work that the dangling body found still warm, had the its ) of Government. “In many cases, no doubt, these huge fortunes have come in whole or in part as the rich reward of excep- tional service. None would deny envy him who has performed service the richest of rewards, though one may question the ide: of a nation which rewards excep- Yonal service only by burdensome fortunes. But such reward can be claimed as a right only by those who have performed service, not by those Who through relationship or mere parasitism to be designated as heirs, ‘Lfgal right, of course, they have Virtue of the law of inheritance, which, however, runs counter to the whole theory of American society and which was adopted with important variations from the English law with- out any conception of its ultimate re- sults and apparently with the idea that it would prevent exactly the con- dition which has arisen, An Aristocratic Bulwark, ‘In \effect the American law of in- heritance is as efficient for the e tablishment and maintenance of fami- lies as the English law, which has bulwarked the British aristocracy through the centuries. Every year, in- deed, sees this tendency increase, as the creation of ‘estates in trust' ge- cures the end which might be more simply reached if there were no pro- hibition of ‘entail.” “According to the income tax re- turns for ten months of 1914, there are in the United States 1,598 for- tunes yielding an income of $100,000 per year or over. Practically all of these fortunes are so invested and hedged about with restrictions upon expenditure that they are, to all in- tents and purposes, perpetuities. ““An analysis of fifty of the largest American fortunes shows that nearly half have siready passed to the con- | tral of heirs or to trustees (their vice- regents) and that the remainder will pass to the jcontrol of heirs within twenty years upon the deaths of the ‘founders’ Already, indeed, these founders have almost without excep- tion retired from active service, leav- ing the management ostensibly to their heirs, but actually to executive officials upon salary. “We have, according to the income tax returns, forty-four families with incomes of $1,000,000 or more, whose chance by members perform little or no uuseful service, but whose aggregate incomes, totalling at the least $50,000,000 per year, are equivalent to the earnings of 100,000 wage earners at the average rate of $500. Between the Extremes. “Between the two extremes of su- perfluity and poverty is the large mid- farmers, manufacturers, merchants, professional men, skilled rtisans and salaried officials whose incomes are more or less adequate for their legitimate needs and desires and who are rewarded more or less ex- actly in proportion to service. They have problems to meet in adjusting expenses to income, but the pinch of want and hunger is not felt, nor is there the deadening, devitalizing ef- fect of superfluous, unearned wealth. “From top to bottom of society, however, in all grades of incomes are an innumerable number of parasites of every conceivable type. They perform no useful service, but drain off from the income of the producers a sum whose total cannot be estimated. ““Besides the economic significance of those great inequalities of wealth and income there is a social aspect which equally merits the attention of congress. It has been shown that the great fortunes of those who have profited by the enormous expansion of American industry have already or will in a few years pass by right of in- heritance to the control of heirs or to trustees who act as their ‘vice-re- gents.’ They are frequently styled by our newspapers ‘monarchs of indus- try’ and indeed occupy within our re- public a position almost exactly anal- ogous to that of feudal lords. Invisible Principalitie: “In fact, such scattered, invisible in- dustrial principalities are a greater menace to the welfare of the nation than would be equal power consoli- dated into| numerous petty kingdoms in different parts of the country. They might then be visulized and guarded against; now their influence invisibly permeates and controls every phase of life and industr: As a remedy for this unequal dis- tribution of wealth and income the re- port urges ‘“the enactment of an in- heritance tax so graded that while making generous provision for the support of dependents and the edu- cation of minor children it shall leave no large accumulation of wealth to pass into hands which had no share in its production.” The report sug- gests that a limit of $1,000,000 be fixed as the amount that shall pass to the heirs. It recommends that the revenue from this tax be reserved by the federal government for three prin- cipal purposes: The extension of education; development of. other important cial services which should proper- ly be performed the nation which are disc in detail else- where; development in co-opern- tion with States and municipalities of great conmstructive works, such as road building, irrigation and reforestation, which would mater- | ially increase the efliciency and welfare of the entire nation. “There is no legislation,” the report, ‘“which could be by Congress the immediate ultimate effects which would the 50- savs | passed and of making this reduce the tunes of tho fluity; to to a level able living, to accompligh will in some the just standarq portional to service, That section of (i has been made publie entirely with the cay trial unrest and the posed. The whole on public hearings work under the directid Manly Of the 740 n amined 0 were afliated ployers, 245 with labor, ai not affiliated with either of the sons Mrs. Ha the other who signed the report disregarded the répg commission’s investigal say, is that the investigs incomplete, as they wWre ° mitted to all parties in be checked up. Industrial unrest ®prin four main soruces, accord Walsh report. These are mploymnt, and denial of | ity to earn a living, denial in the creation, adjudica administration of law and of the right and opportunit] effective organizations, | Revision of Land Laws To abolish unemployme nial of opportunity to em the remedies proposed gaining of all land, water p mineral rights secured fi government by fraud ;i the land laws and the all grants of the doctrine. for use” and finally the 8l unused land into use by tax on non-productive the productive land of the s In connction with the Justice” source of unrest re s “It is charged that affi some and necessary laws they are in large part nulll the courts upon technie Character which would to invalidate legislation the interests of manufae chants, bankers and o owners, or thrown out on ground of unconstitution strained or illogical con constitutional provisions “That in the administs law, both gommon and is discrimination by the co the poor and in favor of i and powerful, and that ination arises not only from, omic disabilities of the pe out of the actual bias on the judges in favor of #f and influential.” As to the remedy “the be drastic and directed at) from which these evilg Recommendations of O “With full recognition ity of suggestions,” says “it seems necessary to W mission to make the f ammendations: “That congress should initiate an amendment to H tution providing in specific the protection of the pe of every person in the Ui from encroachment by # and state governments and vate individuals, Assoc) corporations, “That congress immed by statute or, if deemed neo itiate a constitutional n specifically prohibiting @ from declaring legislative stitutional. A “That congress should @ regulate or prohibit p ive agencies doing b than one state. 1 “That the militia of i states be subject to congress.” 7 The report signed by | Walsh concludes with a def cussion of the “denial of and opportunity to form ganizations.” " Ways to Ald Organ “As a result of careful tion it is suggested the recommend the following “Incorporation among guaranteed by the consti unlimited right of individu associations not for the sal but for the advancement dividual and collective “Enactment of statutes protecting this right and the discharge of any pe of his membership in a i zation. “Enactment of a statute that action on the part of tion of individuals not of profit shal not be held to where such action would g lawful in the case of an in The report signed by man and Prof. Commons certain exceptions explain arate report by Commis stock, Ballard and Aishto that the greatest cause of # unrest “is the breakdown IS ministration of labor lawsil distrust of our municipal, .88 national governments on the a large portion of our peo) Recommendations for addi islation would be futile, say§ port, until methods dre pro making enforceable the laws the statute books Remedy Proposed. To remedy the conditions the report recommends the a federal fund for tal maintained by an inheritanee large fortunes and administel or industrial an advisory posed representatives ers and employees, Commissioners Welnstochs and Ballard say: i A “We dissent from the tion that the secondary boye be legalized, We regard the boycott as unjust, jnequitable cammission aided co of be more salutary would more greatly aseist in the ex- isting spirit of unrest, Objects to Be Attained. “The objects to be attained or tempering in cious, in that it subjects thi innocent parties to injury, times to great loss if not are therefore as much ‘oppol as we are to the biscklist” "