The Key West Citizen Newspaper, August 29, 1945, Page 3

a OCEAN PORTS AND UN- DISPUTED CONTROL IN SAKHALIN —_—— Par East, have a storm : cg tony back Through th the, _gén- Begun with.an insignific- ant tea trade ‘out of north- west China, Moscow’s _Far concern to ‘ean be rolled into two ‘principal — ear-around ports open- ing to the western Pacific Ocean. Recovery of undisputed control of all of Sakhalin island, off her Siberian maritime provinces. traders began a their Siberian em- _ pire tea merchants cremed into northwest China and Mongolia almost three centuries ago. It was almost two centuries before the land of the czars awoke to the fact it had valuable ma- interests east of tha Urals other than’ an unex- plored Siberia. Brom.then on things began to happen. Spearhead of the Russian move eastward was the trahs- Siberian railway, a long single- track streak of rust stretching away into the Siberian forests, ‘This came in 1891 and marked the beginning of present-day Russia’s imterests and position in the far‘ geeecccceccee: east, Cut-Off Built Im 1896 came the Russian con- cession at Hankow in central Chima, the result of Russia’s growing purchases of Chinese tea. Russia pushed the trans-Siber- jan railway to the Pacific coast and down to Vladivostok, but with it she gained neither a direct , route to the Pacific coast nor a! warm water port, a dream of the czars. { Then came the Russian move for. direct’ line’ east ‘of -'Lake’® Batkal to Viadivostok., With ‘the ides was born the Chinese East- ern Railway, traversing northern Menehuria from Manchuli on the ‘west, eastward through Harbin to Viailivestok. From Harbin the line went south through : ne churia to the dreamied-of warm water port, Daireny 2 ‘This Russian allway expansion” inte and through northeastern China was at the expense of ‘the Chinese, but Japan eyed the move with growing alarm. Japan, im her war with China, had grab- bed Dairen and most of the Liao- tung peninsula on which Dairen stands, but Russian pressure, combined with German and French backing, had forced the Japanese to withdraw. This Rus- sian act planted a gore in the hearts of the Japanese which they were out to remove when they + moved against the Czar in the Russo-Japanese conflict of 1904- 1905, The Japanese victory over R sia left Moscow virtually devoid of her place in Asia. Gone was the Manchurian railway empive+- anid the southern half of SakhalinA with its rich timber and oi geo fesources, along with control) the Chinese Eastern. Railway ard. gh . Manghari: The | Manchuli-Viadivostok lit remained under Russian control, The passing of the czars, the Russian revolution and the estab- Mshment of the Soviet govern- Ment saw Russian interests in the Par East sink to new lows. Under Chinese pressure the re- Maining portion of the Chinese s Bastern Railway still in Russian 3 hands passed to the Chinese, al- Mhough the financial investment femained a Russian liability. Under Russian political impo- fence, the Japanese gained fur- Ther concessions from them in Oriental waters. In addition to half of Sakhalin under flag, the Japanese pres- @ured valuable fishing privileges the Russians that were to | be enjoyed by Tokyo for years. Tokyo Takes Over By then Japan’s aggression on fentinental Asia was in full flow- @r. In 1931 Tokyo took over Man- thuria. Soon after it reduced the @iready trimmed Russian ‘inter. @sts theeeabouts to still smaller @imensions. Japan bought the Chinese Eastern from Russia for ® few million yen, although the @tiginal investments had __ beer (ae eA A © Grocer SELLS That GOOD “STAR » BRAND Try A Pound Todsy! dreds of of United States dollars. From then on Japan rode high! in Manchuria and China proper and soon flowered jto grabs that Radar saved Great Britain’ air battles; Cripps declares, Petia ga a ee eveevevecce Commercial Bldg. ONE-DAY. 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