The Key West Citizen Newspaper, June 8, 1933, Page 6

ANE WARNING SERVICE NOW BECOMES VERY EXTENSIVE ‘The Weather Bureau’s report-;westward some distance, recurve ing and warning ‘service, showing | to the north or northeast, though the nature and behavior of tropi-j;many continue westward into cal storms, and the of public cooperation, has grown to be quite an’ extensive proposi- tion. It is shown that, the Weather Bureau is the only in- stitution in the United States authorized by law to issue warn- ings and advices of storms and to collect weather reports for that purpose. The authority is . con- tained in an act of Congress ap- proved February 9, 1870. In the more than 6@ years since that date, the Weather Bureau has advanced its knowledge of tropical storms by the research and experience of its technical experts and has extended and im- proved its hurricane-warning service by taking every advantage of developments in telegraph and radio communication as an aid in securing as full and quickly dis- patched information from shore stations and ships in storm areas as is humanly possible. Warnings and advices of the ‘Weather Bursa: in connection with these storms are issued as frequently as conditions warrant and the information disseminated is a8 aceurate and complete as is possible with reports at hand, whieh are speedily secured from every available source in the re- Unfortunately, it is true that ‘when z ing rumors sre cir. by many misinformed and emotional persons. Others, jos sessing only a limited super: ‘mowledge of the true struct and normal behavior of the hur- ricane, pose as experts and give ut erroneous opinions or make portant advices and warnings then jose much of their effectiveness. This i a deplorable situation which eannot be overcome except by cooperation of the public. “Mach nervousness that follows the an- nouncement of a tropical storm is unwarranted. Undoubtedly part of it would be avoided if resi- dents of ateas subject to visita- tion by tropical disturbances would acquire an understanding ef the service given by the Weather Bureau in issuing ad. ..Nices and warnings, as described herein, as well as a knowledge, at least elementary, of the © charac- teristics of tropical storms. Disturbances Storms of tropical tropical areas of the southern North Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico and Carib. bean* Sea, are referred to in ad< vices and warnings of the Weather Bureau as tropical dis- turbances, or hurricanes, depend- ing upon the intensity, as in- and = sub- importance. | of this anxiety and! Mexi¢o,- Central America, or Texas. Hurricanes have followed a great variety of paths, however, and some of, them have pursued jerratic courses. Time of The Year The hurricane season extends roughly from June to November, though the majority of such storms have occurred in August, September, and October. Wind Circulation The tropical storm, or hwrri- cane, is a vast whirlwind, more or less cireular in form, with rela- tively light winds on its outer ; boundaries but increasing in violence toward the center. Around the ¢enter the winds move in a direction opposite to the hands of a clock (in the Northern \Hemisphere) so that the ob- { server, facing the storm center, ‘feels the wind blow from his left jto his right. In many fully de- veloped hurricanes there is a calm center called the “eye of the storm” in which there are light, fitful winds. The diameter of this calm area ranges from 5 to 20 miles. Immediately sur rounding this relatively calm cen- ter are located the most violent winds of the hurricane. Progressive Movement The progressive or forward movement of the hurricane is separate and distinct from thé circulatory movement of wind about the center. While the velocity of winds in the fully de- veloped hurricane may reach 100 to 150 miles an hour or more, the entire wind system advances at a comparatively slow rate, aver: ing about 12 miles an hour, and occasionally remains stationary, or nearly so, for a day or two. The hurricane may be likened to a top which spins rapidly but changes position slowly. Does Storm Come Back? When the calm center, or “eye” of the storm passes over a place, the calm is preceded by winds of great violence from one direc- tion and followed by winds of nearly equally violent from the opposite direction. Thus, if the hurricane appronches from the east, the wind blows first from ® northerly direction and after of the calm center, hurri- cane winds come from a southerly. direction, This calm center gives tise to the belief that the “storm came back,” whereas it was only the opposite side of the whirl. Ignorance of the calm-center characteristics has resulted in death or injuty to many people, because, believing the storm over, they leave places of protection and thus expose themselves to violent winds whieh begin abrupt- ly after the calm center passes. Tides As a hurricane advances toward the coast, the tide rises, slowly at first and then more rapidly, as the center of the storm ap- proaches. As the hurricane cen- ter nears the coast, the highest tides are near to and on the right of the line of advance of the center. Along the Quif and South Atlantic coast the tide tending a hurricane seldom more than 10 or 12 feet above the nornial, but the overflow in coast- al areas and the heavy seas are the eases. of considerable dam- age to property and loss of life. tin fact, hurricanes have caused far more deaths from drowning ‘than from flying debris and wrecked buildings. Premonitory Signs One of the first signs of the approach of a tropical storm is the sea swell. It appears at sea long, unbroken, wave, the interval between crests consider- ably longer than in waves usually observed. As the storm approaches the seas become heavier and rough- er, the tide rises above its normal height. The barometer, which is often higher than normal . at | ' required. In addition, ,the bu- reaw maintains an extensive wea- ther-reporting service on ships at sea, from which twice-daily re- ports are received by, radio, When a tropical storm is in progress, re- quests for special observations are broadcast to all ships in the gen- eral area in which the storm is located. Every ‘available. agen- cy i8 used in the fullest possible Manner to sectire information with the greatest dispatch. Distribution Warnings and advices issued by the weather bureau in connec- tion with a tropical disturbance, regardless of its inténsity, are given an immediate and extensive distribution. They are telegraph- ed to weather bureau stations and to numerous storm-warning dis- play points along the Gulf and South Atlantic coasts, from which further distribution is made by telephone, telegraph, publication in newspapers, radio broadcast, and by posting of bulletins. The information is given to. press as sociations, which distribute it to member newspapers in the regions affected. Commercial ‘and gov- ernment radio-telegraph stations broadcast the information on stated schedules for the informa-} tion of mariners and others equip-| Ra- ade + ed to receive such broadcasts dio broadcasts. by voice are from numerous radio’ stations in| areas shonld be guided thereby in; taking sueh ‘precautions _ as Recessary to protect lives. am |property. Unofficial statements,’ rumors and gossip should ‘be givent ;no heed whatever. Receipt of an. official advice that a tropteal dis-1 turbance exists isin itself a notic : of. possible danger and the, citizen, Bureau, persons in the ora !Sponsibility of keeping informed’ announced in the official bulletins. ; {It is impossible for . Weather ; Person and advice him what action « he, individually, should take for ® protection in his particular situa. ion. Ks t Frequency of Advices ; | Becoming alarmed on the re- ceipt of preliminary advices, many. persons feel that the Weather, Bureau does not disseminate in- formation often’ enough and that the advices are indefinite. As a ‘rule, when the storm is located at a considerable distance from our coasts, advices are issued at 12- hour intervals. Criticism relating] to the infrequency of advices usually comes from persons .who confound the progressive moves) {ment with the speed of the winds in the storm. “Development Most of these storms develop, and first appear at long distances’ from any of the coastal stations South Atlantic and Gulf coast ‘areas. By these and other age cies the official advices and warn. ings are disseminated .speedily to all sections likely to be affected and there is little reason for any person living in those sections to give credence to rumors and un- official statements. Advisory Messages The first: messages issued when the center is a long distance away ate usually “advisory.” They give the location, intensity; and direction and speed of movement of the disturbance, but are not intended as warnings to persons living in the areas in which ad- visory messages are distributed. However, it is a notice ‘that a tropical disturbance exists in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, or in the adjacent portion of the At- lantie Ocean, and all persons in areas likely to be affected should obtain by radio, printed bulletins, or from the newspapers the latest official information issued by the weather bureau and keep in touch with the situation until ‘all pos- sibility of danger has passed. Storm Warnings The first warnings issued in connection with a tropical dis- turbance are’ usually storm wai ings. They contain information as to the location, intensity, and direction of movement of the dis- turbance and indicate that persons in the areas in which storm warn- ings are specified are likely to experience at least: winds of con- siderable force on the outer edges of the storm. . As long as the disturbance is still some distance at sea, display of storm warnings indicates that there is a possibility that the storm center may. later approach closely to any part of the area covered by the storm- warning display, with resultant winds of great violence. Hurricane Warnings As soon as it becomes evident that the storm center will reach 2 certain section of the coast line, hurricane warnings are hoist- “jed over a comparatively restrict. “ted area in which winds of hurri- cane force are expected to pre- vail. Hurricane warnings are given immediate distribution by every means available to the weather bureau and through merous agencies that assist t¢ bureau in such emergencies. Precaations On receipt of advices and warn- ings issued by the Weather of the United States. Others de: elop at shorter distances, but rare- ly less than two or three hundred miles away. Many of them travel. for several days, much as a week, before reaching the shore: line of the United! States; the courses of a relatively large number are confined td. water areas and do not at all af- fect our coasts. In any cage, warnings and advices are dis¥ seminated to the. fullest - extent, without delay. Advices may be indefinite if there is a lack of oby servations in the vicinity of existing storm, but available formation is never withheld. 5 On the other hand, with ample] observations, it must be | ree nized that on the first appearance of a storm it is impossible to sa} exactly where the strike on the coast or when it will arrive. Tropical storms pri y rather slowly® averaging about 12! miles an hour. Therefore an in] terval of some. hours is required for the disturbance te make suft ficient progress so that its e and direction of movement be determined. People imagine that if observations reports were made every hour er] so, when the atorm is at a dig-| ance, the service rendered would] be much better. This is a taken idea., While observati are ordinarily secured at* 12-hour intervals, the Weather. Burgaw, jealls for special observations aid réports at intervening hours when needed. The great problem Hes not in infrequency of reports but, in inability in some jnstances. to secure any reports. at all from the storm area because there are no reporting ships there. > Avoid Alarm The Bureau aims to give the {residents of every locality the | fullest possible information need®’ ed by them in the protection of | their interests, and, on the other |hand, to avoid needless alarm and janxiety which would result from the dissemination of premature advices and warnings based on: ins sufficient information. ? | To indicate the approach af tstorm or herricane winds, the Weather Bureau displays at amaity coastal points flags by day and {lanterns by night as a warning. {Description of these displays and | their meanings are as follows: 7 | ‘The Northeast Storm Warning | —A red pennant above a squate red flag with black center dis DF ahi earl ANewEra of Prosperity Is Ahead of You ‘Bureau officials to notify each{ ‘tremely severé and sometimes | as}. played by day, or two red” lan. terns, ome above the other, dis- are| played by night, indicates the ap-| winds proach of a storm of marked vio- lence .with winds beginning from the northeast. The Southeast Storm Warning; >A red pennant below a. square, red flag with black center dis- by night, indicates the violenee with winds from the southeast. The Southwest Storm Warning +A white pennant below a/ square red flag with black center display by day, or a white lantern below a red lantern displayed by} night; indieates the approach of* a storm of marked violence with | winds beginning from the South-| west. > The Northwest Storm Warning —A white pennant above a square red flag with black eenter displayed by day, or a white lafi- tern above a red lantern dis- played by night, indicates the ap- proach of a storm of marked vio- lence with winds beginning from the northwest. Hurricane Warning — Two square flags, red with black cen- ters, one above the other, © di played by day, or two red lan- terns, witha white lantern b: tween, displayed by night, dicate the approach of @ tropical beginning | {special weather stations in for miles, will eventually “cross. -the coastline at any given point with of destftctive or hurricane force, i i On Ships at sea and at some’ as hurricane area, there are no i struments for registering the velo-{ ity of the wind. "The ‘force should take upon himself ‘the te.’ Played by day, or one red tanterni| the wind is therefore. estimated, im aecerdance with the Beaufort jas to.subsequent developments as @pproach of a storm of marked! scale. More than “412/400 pounds of air mail were carried in Canada during 1932. \P&C THURSDAY, JUNE 8, 1983. cont Seeing erare aes cele egeiing STEAMSHIP Co. UNITED STATES FAST MAIL ROUTES FOR PORT TAMPA—HAVANA—WEST INDIES Effective April 27, 1933 s ae Key West for Havana Tuesdays and Fridays 12:15 We Leave Havana for Key West Wednesdays and Saturdays “~ Leave Key! West fot Port Tampa Wednesda Satur days 6:80 B, i i hay & a = Tickets, Reservations and Information at Ticket Office on the Dock, ’Phone 72 ; J. H. COSTAR, Agent. harricane, or of one of the ex-|) dangerous ‘storms which occasionally eecur. “s Many Not Destractive Only about one half of all tropical storms that originate ii the southern North ean or Caribbean Sea ever reach the coasts of the United States, and only about one fourth reaches the coast with hurricane ‘intensity. Hurfieanes are known to ori- ginate in ateas of squally and uti- settled weather, but frequently such conditions exist without a storm of destructive foree de- veloping therefrom. Some for- tics of the tropical cess of formation, do not increase ing, because a preliminary ad- visory message announcing a tropical disturbance is intended di for the benefit_of ships Mat sea and indirectly to place in-|) it there is more than a jability thet the. storm,| slight when at a distance of hundreds of Display of Flags and Lanterns” 4 storm in pro- |} Atlantic |) You wouldn’t drive a 1910 Model Car? Then cook the modern way on a Crawford full automatic Electric Range A. F. AYALA, Sales Manager YOUR complexion perfect, your teeth excellent, your eyes snap- py, your hair glossy, your hands manicured, like a-patrician’s, your skin fine, your feet trim, your health and body sound . . . and from inside out, your clothes, your tastes splendidly 1933! The best You, the world and its advertisements can produce. When you move, swiftest conveniences spring to your bidding. When you eat, the most delectable comes to your plate. When you work, when you sleep, exereise, play—the world’s latest stands servile, yours to command. You are lord of your living, and it is AD- dicated in the reports received by! first, begins to fall slowly but the Bureau. If reports de not in-} steadily and, as the storm ap- dicate winds of destructive force; proaches, falls with great rapid- or abnormally low barometric; ity. The winds, light and irreg- Pressure at the center, it is ular, set in from a direction to ~usually described. as a tropical! the jeft of the observer facing Sistarbance of slight or moderate|the storm center. Gradually intensity. The term “hurricane” }the winds increase, coming in TAKE A VACATION NOW COME TO MIAMI “THE MILLIONAIRES’ PLAYGROUND” With Prices That Fit Everybody’s Pocketbook ' VERTISING that makes you so. Read the advertisements. They equip you with sane judg- ments. They educate you to what is waiting for you to enjoy, ie used when it ts apparent that the sterm is one of marked in. térisity, accompanied by destrue- tive winds. The language n advices and warnings is intended to describe the intensity of the storm as accurately as available information permits. Places of Origin Storms of this class are known to originate in the Atiantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, in the ‘vicinity ef the Cape Verde Is lands, and in the western Carib. bean Sea and ocea- sionally in other parts of the At- lentic, Gulf, and Caribbean. As @ Tule, they travel in a westerly or ~ northwesterly direction at a tigah;_ mest of them, after moving’ gusts, the sky becomes clouded, and showers and rain squalls be- gin, followed by the steady down- peur and violent winds of the hurrieane. These signs may be misleading te the untrained observer, who is apt to mistake the winds of the thunderttorm or other local dis- turbance for those of an proaching hurricane. fnfermation Ie Given During the hurricane season the \ weather burean secures by tele- graph, cable, and radio, twice- idaily reports from numerous ‘eoustal and island stations in the aresa frequented by these storms. and special observations are se. t cured at intervening hours when { | HOTEL RATES LOWEST EVER QUOTED PRICES FOR MEALS IN KEEPING WITH THE TIMES New Low Prices on All Recreational Activities Inquire at Our Tourist Information Burean About Interesting Side Trips, Sight-Seeing, Ete., and See Our Recreational Host About Fishing, Golf and Other Sports. HOTEL LEAMINGTON “Miami's Most Popular Hotel N. E, FIRST STREET AND THIRD AVENUE NEAR BAY PRONT PARK (Ch hhh Ahhh hdd hh hdd hh dd, and help you use it most wisely when it’s yours. 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