Grand Rapids Herald-Review Newspaper, March 18, 1905, Page 7

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ALDING, BINSAN & MARVIN, Wholesale Druggtats, Toledo, O. ly, acting a the blood and mucous surfaces of the stimontals sent free. Price 75 cents per ali Druggtats. . wily Pills for constipation. Imposing relics of an age that his- tory has failed adequately to portray, the high crosses of Ireland constitute at once the puzzle and the marvel of the archaeologist. Century after cen- tury has contributed to the oblitera- tion of the beautiful carvings on these mystic memorials of the days when Treland was _ illustrious European nations. Of the high crosses of Ireland little is known by the public in general, writes the Rev. George S. Pine. For myself, I thought of them only as relics of the age that had gone, and expected to look upon them as on so many mummies, or on the skeleton of a great mastodon, curious things having no special connection with me, my race or my tastes. “Three crosses?” questioned I to myself, as I thought of the Monaster- boice, and turneé my wheel from the main-traveled road to get there— “three crosses? Well, five minutes for each will give me plenty of time.” Three hours did not suffice to satis- fy my curiosity or allay the admira- tion aroused. Curiosity and admira- tion have gone on unchecked ever since, and imagination still plays about them in dreams. The high crosses of Ireland are the product of a period as different from this as nomadic life of the time of Abraham is different from the life to- day. The people of the time were pas- toral, rather than agricultural, and after living in rude dwellings for a while would move in a body to an- other place. The bards that sang of “Tara’s Halls” were accustomed to small houses. There is no sign of stonework on Tara’s site. among the college, Dublin, is without doubt. the most beautiful piece of illuminated work in the world. The monks and nuns of this age, who must have had something to do with the crosses, were of a different order from those who came in with the Anglo-Normans in the time of King John. They were not cloistered, and went whither they would, and moved their habitations when the tribe moved. They were of a heroic type, with giant hope, giant mind and giant power. Their power was large- ly that that comes from personality. They were the Elijahs, or John Bap- tists, Deborahs or Miriams of their day. The form of the crosses is peculiar to Ireland and may be said to have originated there. If occasional in- stances of the type are found in Eng- land or Scotland, they are, as it were, “stragglers” from Ireland and not na- tive to the soil. They are not to be confounded with the much later Goth- ic wayside, memorial or market crosses of England. The purpose of the Irish crosses is not very plain. They were not sep- ulchral memorials, that is, placed over burial places, though some of them are dedicatory or commemorative of Irish kings and Irish saints, such as St. Patrick and St. Columba. There are, however, many sepulchral slabs, incised most beautifully and worthy of the closest study, which go back earlier than the crosses and continue along with them. Margaret Stokes is the greatest au- thority on Jrish crosses. She died a few years ago before completing a memorable book on the subject. The The old! Royal Irish Academy may have ma- y stitute the feature of the cross. Pleas- ing as these forms are to the eye, they are, as the crosses themselves be- come subservient to them, signs of a decadent art and a lack of spiritual- ity, Just as church windows, devoid of thought and symbolism and subject- ed entirely to the sense of form and color, are signs of a decadence, the work of mere artists and not prophets as well. The scene symbolically ‘represented in the center of the cross is generally Christ crucified, arms extended, and on either side a man with a sponge and another with a spear. On the re- verse side of the cross in the center Christ is represented symbolically in glory, with his arms crossed, not ex- tended, in one hand a pastoral staff and in the other a cross. Sometimes in the center “The Fall of Man” is represented and on the other side “The Crucifixion.” Other scenes sym- bolically represented in panels on the arms and above and below the center, and on the sides, are “The Dextera Dei, or Right Hand of God,” “Adam and Eve,” “The Expulsion from Para- dise,” “Noah and the Ark,” “Melchise- dek,” “The Sacrifice of Isaac,” “David with the Harp,’ “David and _ the Lion,” “Daniel in the Lions’ Den,” “The Three Children in the Fiery Fu nace,” “The Adoration of the Magi,” “The Flight Into Egypt,” “The Five Loaves and Two Small Fishes,” “The Baptism in the Jordan,” “The Martyr- dom of St. Peter’ and “The Twelve Apostles.” Other subjects not yet de- ciphered may be aspects of Scripture events we have lost sight of, or illus- trations of local legends and heroes, or incidents in the hagiology of the age. They are all reverently repre- sented, and, if they do at times seem somewhat grotesque, are, as a whole, most beautiful. The sculptures are in relief, show- ing that the workmen must have been well up in their art and must have had good tools well sharpened to work with. These crosses are found not at Kil- larney or Blarney, or in the beaten track of tourists, but in rather out-of- the-way places. Yet many of them may be reached quite easily. Day ex- Obviously, “Do you snore in your sleep?” “Certainly I do, if I snore at all.”"— Houston Post. Macaront Wheat, Salzer’s strain of this Wheat is the kind which laughs at droughts and the ele- ments and positively mocks Black Rust, that terrible scorch! s sure of yielding 80 bushels of finest heat the sunt shines on per acre on good 1., la., Mich., iil Wis., O., Pa., Mo., Neb, lands and 40 to 60 bushels on arid lands! No rust, no insects, no failure. Catalog tells all about it. VINNY JUST SEND 10C AND THIS NOTICE to the John A. 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If yours doesn’t, send us your name and we will see that you are supplied. k ALAB. OMPANY d Ci — LS COOSS BY THE LIMGRETSIACE, HELLS (ATH Losttio/y) Wot in its Orrsttal LOSS AT DODO W, LAE Celtic churches were no more than fair size Irish cabins, and when larger accommodations were needed, other cabin-like structures were built ad- joining the first. There is left in them no mark of beauty—not an arch, not a pillar. The only other architectural re- mains that could possibly be contem- poraneous with the crosses are the round towers; but, remarkable as they are in construction and height, and as- sociated in twenty-nine instances with crosses, they cannot be called beauti- ful. The crosses seem as incongruous with the towers as the Sphinx seems with the pryamids, and yet there may be some mysterious connection be- tween them. The towers may have |been for bells, for refuge, for warn- ing, or even for phallic worship in very early days, but just why so many beautiful crosses should be beside them no man surely knows. The crosses stand above everything else as examples of the art, civiliza- tion and spiritual life of the period— 800 to 1050 A. D. There are a few other examples in museums and libraries. There are steel sword sheathes delicately engraved, and some of the work is said to have been done by women—and women at times used the sword. The brooches worn by men and women have a charm pe- culiarly Irish and are evidences of taste and art in dress. The holy ves- sels used in the sanctuary have an esthetic as well as an ecclesiological value, from the stone chalices with two handles to the silver ones carved and wrought in gold. The crosier of Kells in the British museum is an artistic piece of silver showing great refinement. The Irish of that period had marvelous ability in illuminating missals, gospels and psalters. “The Book of Kells,” which can still bé seen in all its beauty and freshness in the library of Trinity terial in hand to complete it. Stokes have belonged exclusively to sanctu- these monuments appear to aries. They were terminal and mark- ed the bounds of sanctuary and shel- tered trespassers according to the law, as “sinners are sheltered in the church until they come out of it.” Doctor Healy, the well-known anti- quarian of Kells, enthusiastically sus- tains Miss Stokes in this belief. To prove his theory he drove me to Tris- tel Kieran, where, near the ruins of an old Celtic church, are three crosses and in the river Blackwater, in sight of them, the remains of a fourth cross just far enough from the farther bank to be reached by a good jumper. He said he believed the shaft and the res of the cross would be found in ihe bed of the river, and some day, when he had the courage, he meant to dive down and find out. Miss Stokes catalogues fifty-five high crosses in Ireland, only four of | which are without circles. Besides these there are twenty-three monu- ments said to be high’ crosses which | she was not able to verify. Many crosses, no doubt, were demolished in the Cromwellian raids, and of those left some were mutilated in later re- ligious agitations. The Irish crosses are all massive, quite thick and vary. in height from eight to thirty feet. Sometimes they are of one solid piece, sometimes in three pieces, namely, the base, the shaft and the crossarms. Besides the peculiarity in shape already mention- ed, the special feature of the Irish crosses is their sculptured symbolism, the sides and the under parts of the arms being used for that purpose as well as the front and the back. I do not know a sculptured cross without some symbolism. The ornamental forms are used to fill up, and do not, as in the Scotch and British crosses and recent American adaptations, con- To Miss | { cursions may be made from Dublin by train and car or train and bicycle to Monasterboice, near Drogheda, where there are three splendid specimens, a Celtic church and a round tower; to Kells, where there are three more, a round tower and other reli to Cas- tledermot, to Moone Abbey or to Durrow. The most interesting excursion of all is that to Clonmacnoise, on the Shannon, fourteen miles below Ath- lone, made by jaunting car, by bicycle or by chartered boat. Two fine crosses are there, besides 180 carved sepul- chral slabs, two round towers, eight Celtic churches, an Anglo-Norman nunnery and an old border castle. “There is not in Europe,” writes Pe- | trie, the archaeologist, “a spot where the spirit would find more matter for melancholy reflection than among the ancient ruins of Clonmacnoise. Its ruined buildings call forth national as- sociations and ideas. They remind us of the arts and literature, the piety and humanity which distinguished their time, and are the work of a peo- ple who in a dark age marched among the foremost on the road to life and civilization.” $ The native mind was dwarfed and the Celtic fire in poetry and art ex- tinguished by the English invasion under Henry II and John, pensioned ecclesiastics lending their assistance to-the politicians in the stultifying in- fluence. After centuries of smolder- ing the fire seems to have started up again. A renaissance in literature and art has begun in Ireland. Here in America, whither one of their saints is said to have sailed more than a millennium ago, the Celts are already a great force in the thought of ihe day. There is something heroic in them, or their ancestors could not have done what they did. The Celtic crosses are standing witnesses of their genius and character. HORSE WOULDN’T EAT OYSTERS. HAD TO GIVE UP. ~_ But Crowd’s Curiosity Made Place by | Suffered Agonies from Kidney Dison Fire for His Master. One bitter cold night recently a sol- | emn-faced man drove up to a tavern near Westchester and made his way to the sitting room after seeing that his horse was taken to the stable. There was a large crowd of guests huddled around the stove, and he had to take a distant seat, where it was not much warmer than outside. 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