Grand Rapids Herald-Review Newspaper, April 12, 1902, Page 7

* ecernteenes Work of Inventors Late Discoveries and Inventions Recordea in the Scientific World. Danger of Shipping. Sir W. H. Preece, formerly chief electrician to the British postoffice, Aas been engaged for some time on the study of the magnetic influences upon the compass of the Manacle rocks, off the coast of Cornwall, Eng., upon which the steamships Mohegan and Paris were wrecked, and, as the result of his investigations, he states that if any navigatc> sets his compass from Cherbourg to the Lizard, without knowing the variations of the magnet that have occurred during the last five or six years, he would run upon the Manacles. The variation is bringing the needle nearer to the north pole, and in 10 years it has varied a whole degree. A difference of a degree in a compass signifies an error of one mile .n a course of 60 miles. Decorative Art of Primitive People. Mr. W. H. Holmes finas that the decorative designs ef primitive peoples can be divided into five well-marked (1) Impressions from the sur- of rigid forms, such as baskets; ms from fabrics of plia- s cloths and nets; (3) from woven textures used and or over some modeling (4) Impressions of cords ut modeling paddles or rocking tc : (5) Impressions of bits of cords, or other textile units, singly or in groups, applied for ornament anged as to give tex- dition we have | ons and mark- | classes: wrapped effects are | Marconl Makes Rates. Details of a contract between Sig. Marconi and the Canadian govern- ment, by victue of which the Cana- ns have teen promised a new trans. atlantic telegraphic rate of 10 cent: a word for ordinary messages, with a | press rate of 5 cents a word, have just been made public. The Canadian gov- ernment will ec ute $80,000 toward the erection of a Marconi station in Nova Scotia, 2 ing to the plans and specificatio: made by Marconi hirwscif. Should the station cost more than that amount, the additional ex- penditure will be borne by the com- pony. It is agreed that there is to be | no discrimination on Tiarconi’s part in favor of the United States. Aechimedean Propeller. The inventor of the propelling mech- | anism for v shown in the illus- Charies D. Jenkins of Bos- and he believes the auxil- s will aid: materially in in- sing the speed of the steamer to ich they are applied without in ng the amount of power ex- pended beyond the practical point. As will be seen the apparatus con- of a palr of shafts suspended in ts on either side of the hull, Archimedean screws surrounding | i eve gE Increase the Driving Power each shaft and auxiliary propellers of the usnal pattern at the rear. There is also a larger propeller at the tail of the inain driving shaft and the con- nection between the main and auxil- iary shaft is made by means of gear wheels located outside of the hull. The inventor states that the seeond- ary screws may be of any length;-ex- tending half the length of the: bull if desired. To render the auxiliary screws proof against damage by con- tact with foreign substances they may be located in water chanels formed in the bottom of the Hull. New Use for Electricity. The board of managers of the Falun- Vesterdalarnes t.ailroad Company, Sweden, has petitioned the government for the gradual substitution of elec- tric locomotives for Swedish steam en- gines througaout the whole country, the electricity to be genersted by water power. The petition mentions that a machine firm im Switzerland has made a proposition to use the Huber stem, by which an electric current con be generated when a train passes down inclines. } More Airship Talk. A: Paris aeronaut, M. Sibolot, it is reported, has struck upon a scheme which he has perfected and which he thinks will solve the problem of keep- ing a dirigible batloon in the air. His device consists of a heating and refrig- erating apparatus so constructed that it is only: necessary to press a lever in order to cause condeasaticn or expan- sion of the gas, by coolin> or heating it, thus controlling ascent or descent without loss of hydrogen. Water Question Solved. According to Electricity, an ex- periment designed to have an infiu- ence on the horticultural industry was | seat at the front and | chipped recently made in California, where electricity was used as a pumping agent for irrigation. The experiment was a success in every respect, and it was announced at its conclusion that there would be an immediate exten- sion of the electric wires thrcughout the whole Berryessa district. The experiment and the success attending it are believed to have solved the water question for orchards, as far as the Santa Clara valley is concerned. Ancient Maps Found A report comes from Woilfegg, Wur- teraverg, to the effeci that the Rev. Joseph Fischer, a priest, who is pro- fessor of geography in Feldkirch, the capital of the Austrian province of Vorarlberg, has found in the castle of - Wolfegg two mays of America, which bear respectively the dates 1507 and 1516. They are stated to be in a good state of preservation, and the first, it is believed, was drawn under tne personal supervision of Columbus. {It appears these maps were known of, but were supposed to be hopelessly lost. Nordenskjold speaks of their ex- istence, in his last work, 2s a legend. To Prevent Auto Ranaways. A runaway automobile is about as dangerous as a runaway horse and safety Stop for Automobiles. even more difficult to stop; and there are times when the horseless carriage gets the best of its driver. It is especially for emergencies of this sort that the invention of Arthur L. Stev- ens of New York City, is intended, our picture showing the mechanism in use on an electric vehicle. The wires leading from the battery to the motor pass through an auto- matic switch located in the driver's seat, the switch remaining closed as long as the driver is seated and open- ing the instant he rises or is thrown. This is accomplished by hinging the supplying a spring at the rear, with a rod running from the seat to the switch.. When the invention is applied to a gasoline or steam carriage the rod can be con- nected with a valve for shutting off the power supply. Remains of Man and Mammoth. M, Reaelin has discovered the re- mains of a mammoth associated with palaemithic remains of man _ near Brigncles in lower Provene. in a cave under rocks there were found four flint implemets associated with a portion of the molar of Elephas primigenius, part of the frontal bone of a human skull with the jaw bone, teeth, etc. The discovery comes to fill a blank in the prehistoric records of Provence. “The Hay Fever Disk.” As might be expected, the inventor of the appliance illustrated below claims that it is a positive cure for the disease it is intended to treat, that of hay fever. ‘The theory, as stated by William R. Wilson of Denver, Colo., the inventor, is that hay fever is attended by exces- sive inflammation of the mucous mem- brane. of the naSal passages, some- times resulting in a eemplete stoppage of these passages by reason of the swollen condition of the surrounding parts. This inflammation of the lin- ing membrane of the nostrils is caus- ed by the inhalation of poisonous or irritating dust, and to exclude this dust is the special office of the hay fever disk. The disk is formed of véry fine wire gauze, with a surrounding band of rubber of sufficient thickness to maintain itself in an expanded form. The double edge of the ring, with the Excludes Poisonous Dust. depressed center, creates a partial vacuum when the disk is inserted in the nostrils to aid in maintaining it in position, and the gauze acts as a strainer to catch the dust and prevent it from passing through the nasa) ducts. Electro-Magnetie Gan. With his electro-magzetic gun, Pro- fessor Birkeland, who has been experi- menting at Christiania, expects to hurl 1,0C@-pound projectiles much far- ther than they can be thrown by ex- plosives. ve FARM AND GARDEN. poeta Se MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGRI- CULTURISTS. Bome Up-to-Date Hints About Culti- vation of the Soil Yields Thereof—Horticulture, Viticulture and Floriculture. and Market Apples in New Engiaud. Some interesting statistics regarding the apple busizess in New Englani are supplied by Prof, F. A. Wauga, horticulturist of the Vermont Experi- ment station, showing in a remarkabie way the popularity of certain varie- ties. The Baldwin apple, for example, has been a prime favorite in the New Eng- land states, and especially in Massa- chusetts, but its vogue seems to be giving way somewhat before the mer- its of other varieties. The following figures show the percentage of Bald- win trees in the orchards reported. The first column gives the percentage of bearing trees which are Baldwins, and the second column shows in percen:- ages the proportion of Baldwins among trees too young to. bear. Bearing. | Youns. Vermont 10 New Hampshire 58 Maine .. ...---- 34 Massachusetts . 43 Connecticut 79 Rhode Island .....--- 64 The percentage of Baldwins 1s not- ably reduced in Massachusetts which has been the principal New England | soils, producer of this variety. In Vermont the proportion of Baldwins is greater among newly planted trees than in old orchards; but this has little signif- cance, since Baldwin has never been 4 leading variety in Vermont. Rhode Island Greening, another New England favorite, does not make the showing that might be expected. The figures are as foliows: Bearing. Young. Vermont . 1S 4] New Hampshire . 2 3 Maine .. ...-- 5 1 Massachusetts . 4 1 Connecticut .. 4 5 t Rhode Island .......-18 0 It will be seen that Rhode Island Greening has been practically ignored in the planting of young orchard3, even in Rhode Island. The figures for Northern Spy are as follows: Bearing. Young. Vermont 7 9 New Hamphire . 1 * Maine .. “5 7 Massachusetts .. . 1 0 Connecticut .. 3 0 Rhode Island .. 2 0 These figures show that Northern Spy is holding its own, or perhaps gaining a little, in Northern New Eng- land; but that it has been discarded in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. When compared with these three standard New England varieties, the figures for Ben Davis are particularly instructive. They follow: Bearing. Young. Vermont .... . -10 48 New Hampshire - 1 es Maine .. ..... 5 23 Massachusetts . 0 13 Connecticut 5 3 Rhode Island ... 6 15 In other words, Ben Davis outnum- bers all the varieties previously named in the recent orchard plantings of nearly every state. In Maine and Ver- mont the drift toward Ben Davis is cs- pecially pronounced; while -even im Massachusetts, it is rapidly gaining on Baldwin. These figures are made up from re- ports secured from several hundred of the leading apple growers in the statcs named. While it would be too much to claim that they prove any particular proposition, they certainly indicate some important changes in the apple growing business of New England. Listing Corn. Listing corn is a practice that has grown up mainly in the last ten years. It is of little value in the humid states, but has proved serviceable in‘the semi- arid regions, especially where the lands are light. In Kansas and Ne- braska are sections where the soil dries out very quickly after plowing. The heavy and continuous winds blow the soil after it is dry, and when rain does not come immediately after the seed is sown, the seed is not infre- quently blown away with the topmost layers of dirt. This led to the evolu- tien of the practice of listing. Listing is to place the seed in the soil without a general plowing. The top soil is left undisturbed for the most part, and the high winds are unable to blow the soil away, as it is packed solid from the rains of the previous season, A lister is a plow that turns the soil both ways and deposits the seed corn in the farrow behind it, allowing the dirt to fall ;¢ the same time over the dropped seed Its use must depend on the con- dit~ «4 under which the farmer exists. AL Alabastine, the only durable wall coat- ing, takes the place of wall paper and paint for wa! used on plaster, brick, wood or canvas. | ages, properly label scaling kalsomines, | paper; It can be} Alabastine. Buy, py, in five pound With a farm on heavy clay soil the lister will be found of no value. List- ing is practiced very little in the states not subject to high hot winds and 10 the drying out of the soil after plowp ing. Plum Orchards. Prof. F. A. Waugh says: When Henry Ward Beecher was editor of a column of horticultural notes in the Western Farmer and Gardener of In- dianapolis, Indiana,—that is to say, about the year 1850,—he wrote these words: “A few plum trees will suf- fice for a private family, and the fruit must be earned by careful watchful- ness plum orchards are not to be thought of.” Nevertheless, exten- sive plum orchards are now fruiting in many parts of North America,—on the Pacific coast, in Texas, lowa, New York, Ontario. Many more are being planted. The plum is also a garden tree, and peculiarly suited to the small home fruit garden, either on the city lot or in the farmyard. Plum trees in; the garden, however, demand precise- ly the same treatment that they do in large orchards. Plums will not grow on solid rock, but they, will succeed on any kind of soil. Professor Bailey has remarked that, next to the apple, the European plum, Prunus domestica, has probably the most generalized adaptability to all sorts of soils of any known tree. Then when we take into account the Jap- anese plums and all the various Amer- ican species with their wide diversi- ties of adaptation, we have a selection of plants to cover the whole range of The Domestica and Damson plums are generally said to grow best on rather heavy clay loam; at least they do not do their best on light, sandy soils. A heayy clay loam need not be wet and cold; and if it is well drained and comparatively warm, it forms an ideal soil for the European races of plums, The Japanese prefer rather lighter soils. Gerea’s in Kentucky. Andrew A. Soule, of Kentucky, says: There is a degree of difference in the hardihood of the various winter cere- als which is not generally recognized. Rye and wheat are more generally and successfully cultivated than any of the other cereals because of this fact. Winter oats and barley are more deli- cate in nature and that probably ac- counts for the indifferent success met with in their culture on the farm. While these crops may succeed when sown quite late in the season, it is very important that they be seeded early—from the first to the middle of September, It is true that they often succeed sown as late as the middle of October, but the chances of failure are greatly enhanced by late seeding, and the loss of the seed and the crop to- gether is too great a risk to incur. If 0000 0.0.0 000000006 0-00-0000 000-0.005 0050-00000 009- 0000 00 COCO 00000000 00000000000000000000000400000008. “TIRED ALL THE TIME.” Women in the Springtime Need a Tonic. Spring Fever is Spring Catarrh. Peruna Cures Catarrh. e Co., Columbus, Ohio Gentlemen: winter rye is desired for a fall and ! Doctors said my liver was affected. had a bad taste in my mouth, and was tired all the time. 1 took a great dead winter pasture, it is necessary that ‘t be sown from the middle of August to the middle of September. It can often be sown in the corn field after the last cultivation and as it makes a quick and vigorous growth, furnishes an excellent pasture from October un- til Christmas, or through the entire winter if the season is mild. Agricultural Notes Broom corn is a “cash crop,” and, like other cash crops, has its favorable and unfavorable features. Its cultiva- tion on a very large scale is seldom successful, but if properly handled on a small scale, say from fifteen to twenty- five acres for the average farmer, and especially on new land where the va- riety of sure crops is limited, it will prove to be as paying as almost any crop that can be raised. Oklahoma has early seasons and can market the brush early in the season, when the highest price is usually paid, and for that and other reasons should easily become a great source of the nation’s supply of broom corn. After a long time drains sometimes get out of place through subsidence of the ground. If not attended to the injury slowly increases, and at length an extrémely damp state of ground is produced. The only remedy in such a case is to dig up the old drains ané start anew. % Water, in passing through the soil to the drains, dissolves out small amounts of mineral salts and plant food, which it carries away. The greater the absorptive power of the soil, the less will be the amount thus lost. San Jose Scale in Obio. he San Jose scale has wrought great hayoc in the orchards of Ohio, and it has been necessary to dig up and burn thousands of infected trees. Next season’s fruit crop will be short as a consequence. The Dorkings are excellent table fowls, but are not on an average with, some others as layers. The average man,takes more inter- est in what he suspects than what he knows. of medicine, but nothing seemed to do me any good. Peruna. and decided to give it a trial. gone, and after taking three bottles I heath since.’” \ A ieee) zh, \ >> ee) SS <Q) qe : CY | | A Beautiful Club Wo- man’s Recovery. Los Angeles, Cal., 539 8. Olive Street, May 5, 1901. “I suffered with pain in my right side for over eight years. My complexion was dark and yellow, r I read in the paper a? I felt better betore the first bottle was was cured, and I have enjoyed perfect LENA HILTON. Miss Lena Hilton, is President of the Wednesday Whist Club, of Los Angeles. Sa spring medicine Pernna is a never failing remedy. ‘It cleanses the blood t rough “digestion, and gives tone to the whole system by increas- the nutritive va'u- of the food. pring fever,” as it is sometimes called, ich prod: ces a tired ont, sleepy feel- id inability to do much mental or physical work, is the result of a sluggish digestion. The great popularity that Peruna has is due to the fact that in all such cases it at once correct digestive derange- ments and enriches the blood by purifyin tie very important source of that vit uid. Mis. J. E. Finn, 82 East High Street Buffalo, N. Y., writes: “A few years ago I had to give up social life entirely, as my health was completely broken down. The do tor advised a complete change and rest for ayear. As this was out of the question for a time, I began to look around for other means of restoring my health. “Thad often heard of Peruna as an ex- cellent tonic, so I bought a bottle to see- what it would do for me, and it took hold of my system and rejuv: it, end in less than two months I was in. perfect health, and now when I feel worn out or tired a dose or two of Peruna is all. that I need.” MRS. J. EB. FINN. If youdo not derive prompt and satis factory results from the use of Perana,! write at once to Dr. Hartman, giving @ full statement of your case, and he will be pleased to give you his valuable advice ratis. : Address Dr. Hartman, President ef The Hartman Sanitarium, Columbus, O. the worth of a tire by ite speed, ‘good wearing qualities and ease of repairs G @ J TIRES are made from the best rubber; are light enough to be resilient, strong enough 10 be durable, and easy riding, thue insur- ing comfort and safety. ‘Catalogue at your agent’s or by mai Tho Great Skin Remedy will stop the pain of burns and scalds at once and there will be no scar. Don't wait until someone gets burned but Keep a bex handy, 2 and 50 cents by all druggists. *. CONSUMPTION BASTINE Alabastine can be used over paint or} Many ailments, particularly throat ana| paint or paper can be used over} lung troubles, are attributable to unsan. ick-| itary wall coverings. Alabastine has i take no substitute. | dorsement of physicians and sani WET WEATHER PROTECTION. | 1S GUARANTEED THIS TRADE MARE. OUR FULL LINE OF WATERPROOF CLOTHING i 1S SOLD BY REPRESENTATIVE TRADE EVERYWHERE. A. J. TOWER CO. BOSTON. MASS. WESTERN CANADA’S. Wonderful wheat crop for 1901 now the talk «9 the Commercial ‘World is by no means enal. The Province of si they att hold the highest tion. Toousands of Americans are annually make ing this their home, and they succeed as never did before. Move Westward with the and secure a farm and home in Western | Low rates and special privileges to | ers and settlers. The handsome forty: Atlas of Western Canada sent free to all cants. Apply for rates, &c., to F. Pedley, perintendent of Immigration, Ottawa, or to Ben Davis, 315 Jackson St., St. Pan, Mima, or. O. Currie, Callaban Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis, Canadian Government Agents, tasers “12! Thompson's Eye Water: Alabastine packa; tions. Anyone can rr eae dealer for tint card. “Alahastine free. Alabastine Co, Grand Rapids, dtirec- ——}, j i { {