Grand Rapids Herald-Review Newspaper, January 5, 1901, Page 7

t * | | j — | | 4 im lg i Ae a? tT it . iz ; ’ | { p { ~ "i | { 1 { ry | \ | ({ | | 4 ‘ RAILROADS OF THE STATE. Extensive Construction of New Lines in Minnesota During the Year. The past year 247 miles of railroad was completed in Minnesota. The present railroad mileage of Minnesota is something more than 6,900 miles. During the first half of the year seven old companies: ang two new ones have been at work on™ 250 miles more of road that is now practically finished. Besides this, new roads and exten- sions of od ones are proposed for the near future that will aggregate some- thing more than 2,000 miles. This work will be done by eight old com- panies and twelve new ones recently incorporated. The Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern is building a cut-off 44 miles lons from Albert Lea to Germania Towa. This line is practically com- pleted. This road also building from Albert Lea to Minneapolis and St. Paul. Forty-eight miles of this line is now building through Owatonna and Melford to Faribault. The Great Northern is now running a | line parallel to the Duluth, Mesabe & Northern, running from Stony Brook on the Eastern Minnesota line to a point fifty-eight miles northeast of Duluth. This’ will pass through Columbia Junction to Nelson, a total distance of fifty miles. The Mlinois Central will for the first time practically enter the state. It now runs a few miles across the ex- treme southwest corner of the state and to the southeastern border town of Lyle, below Austin. From Lyle this road is being extended under the title of the Albert Lea & Southern through Glenville to Albert Lea. Track be- ing laid on this line. From this point the Illinois Central will enter the Twin Cities over the tracks of the Minneap- olis & St. Louis read for freight traffic, and may effect a passenger arrange- ment in the spring. The It Lumber had built a logging r River, on the Great iles north into i company that ad from Deer Yorthern, twenty timber, is extend- ing this eleven miles, to Turtle Lake. A branch of this is being! built to essie Lake, five miles. Last year the Red ake Transpértation company completed its line from’ Red Lake south ten miles to Nebish. It has near- completed to White Fish The Brainerd & Northern that last year extended ninety-two miles from Brainerd to Bemidji, has planned an ension of ninety-one miles more, northeast into the Red lake country to ix miles more this year Lake. strike the Big Fork river. Of this proposed extension thirty-seven miles were finished the past year, and the remainder will be completed next spring. This line will connect with that of the Red Lake Transportation company. This line is known as the Minnesota & International, a company formed within the Northern Pacific. The line is probably destined to reac the international border and connect with the Canadian Northern. The Canadian across our border fifteen new line running . from southeast across Manitoba, with the ultimate object gof passing south of Lake of the Woods and across miles. The orthern has come | Winnipeg | into | Canada again at some point near the | mouth of the Rainy river, where con- nection will be made with a building west from The American section will be called ing rapidly completed. The plans in- clude a branch south to Duluth. Alger, Smith & Co. logging road from Knife river, on the northern shore of Lake Superior, and twenty miles of main line and ten miles of branches are now in opera- tion. ‘A more pretentious new line has just begun work in this state. This is the Gulf & Manitoba, to cross the south- ern border south of Jackson to run to Sauk Center, 167 miles. The charter has been extended to make this road run south to Kansas City and north- east to Duluth. It is positively assert- ed that this line has secured sub- stantial backing. Another projected line planning large things is the Duluth & New Orleans, to extend across the state and be- tween the two points named. Work has begun on this in Iowa. The Duluth, St. Cloud, Glencoe & Mankato line is about to let contracts for a portion of the proposed line of about 200 miles. Surveys have been made and right of way is nearly all se- cured between Mankato and St. Cloud. A company said to be backed by the Soo has been incorporated to build a line from Elbow Lake to Fargo. A pranch is also projected from Fargo to Duluth. The Duluth & Iron Range is consid- ering an extension from Virginia westward along the Mesaba range? The Great Northern also is planning a line from Virginia east about seventy miles to Beaver Bay, on Lake Superi- or. It plans also a line twenty miles jong from New Paynesviile north to Melrose. . Between and about the Twin Cities several miles of new road are proposed. CUSTOM HOUSE RECEIPTS GROW. The Year's Business Shows a Fair Increa! The estimated receipts of the United States custom house for last year are $630,000, an increase of approximately $40,000 over 1899. The value of dutiable goods that passed through the office is nearly $1,500,000, a considerable in- erease over the preceding year. ‘The increase was very large up to November and December, when there was a large decrease, mainJy because of the destruction of the bonded ware- house at the time of the cold storage fire, which made it impossible to make the usual heavy winter importations, as there was no warehouse available where they could be stored. The de- ‘crease of the last two months of 1900 will undoubtedly be made up during the early months of 1991, as merchants will import goods as they need them insteadof as heretofore, in one or two heavy shipments. line | Lake Superior. |‘ STATE BAR ARTE IAET ON. Movement on Foot to Revive It— Clapp for President. Members of the state bar who gath- ered at the Ryan hotel yesterday after- noon to revive the Minnesota State Bar association, which has been inopera- tive for several years, appointed a com- mittee of five to complete revision and codification of the Minnesota statutes. The action was taken after a discus- sion during which it was agreed that the laws are in the worst possible state and need rearrangement. The commit- tee appointed, which will also draft a constitution and by-laws for the new state ba ssociation, consists of Fred- erick V. Brown, Minneapolis; F. A. Gail, Stillwater; M. B. Webber, Wino- na; Peter McGovern, Waseca, and T. en, St. Paul. esent were F. E. Putnam, I larth; C. A. Pidgeon, Buffalo; F. L. fy, Ortonville; S. F, Alderman, Brainerd; Halvor Steenerson, Crooks- ton; Wilson Borst, Windom; C. A. Fosne: Montevideo: John Williams, Duluth; H. A. Morgan, Albert Lea; G. W. Somerville. Sleepy Eye; J. A. Coller, Shakopee; Ripley B. Brower, St. Cloud; W. E. Young, Mankato; Peter’ Mc- Govern, Waseca; C. R. Fowler, Minne- apolis; M. B, Webber, Winona; F. A. Gail, Stillwatet O. H. O'Neill, T. D. O’Brien, St. Paul; Frederick V. Brown, Minneapolis. The members present were requested to work up interest among other mem- bers of the profession throughout the state. It was agreed that Gen. Moses E. Clapp, president of the old bar as- sociation, should be elected to the pres- idency of the new organization, A meeting will be called for Jan. 19 at the capitol, at which the committee will report a constitution and by laws and the formal organizaticn of the new as- ation will be effected. The old as- ation held last meeting four its YPY'S PLANS. AGRICUL Program for the Annual Meeting to Be Held in St. Paul. Hon. J. H. Brigham of Washington, D. C., assistant secretary of agricul- ture, will address the Minnesota State Agricultural society during its annual meeting in St. Paul, which opens on Jan. § and continues three days. The day sessions will be held in the Com- me! 11 club rooms and the evening one under the auspices of the Minnesota Stock Breeders’ association and the other in charge of the state school of agriculture under the direc- n of Dean William M. Liggett, will be held at the state capitol. The opening session will be addressed by G Van Sant and will consist mainly of the business incidental to the organization of the convention work. J. W. Scott of Austin and Henry Wolfer, formerly warden of the state prison, will address the afternoon session, The evening session will be devoted to dis- cussions upon stock breeding. Gen. M. D. Flower will speak at the session Wednesday morning, Jan. 9, 1 F. A. Converse of Buffalo, N. Y., wil present the Pan-American expo- sition. Prof. Haecker of the school of agriculture, and W. A. Henry, dean of the department of agriculture of the University of Wisconsin, are men- tioned on the afternoon program, A varied program by the school of agri- in the evening. culture will be given ii ani is |The election of ‘officers will occur on the Minnesota & Manitoba, and is be- | 1 .sday morning and the reports of ‘the president, secretary and treasurer i la various ittees will be pre- are running a |2"d of various committe Pp sented. Teachers Hold a Successful Conven- tion at St. Paul. The Minnesota Educational associa- tion closed its annual meeting at St. Paul with the election of officers for the ensuing year, as follows: President, Supt. J. A. Van Dyke, Fergus Falls: corresponding secretary, D. E. Cloyd, Minueapolis; recording secretary, Miss Sarah C. Crooks, St. Paul; treasurer, Supt. L. P. Harring- ton. McLeod county. The meeting of the general body at the Central Presbyterian church was one of-the most interesting of the series. The question of the popular élection- of the state superintendent was brought up for a lively discussion, and the association declared itself as opposed to the proposed change. ‘The members of the association will work for the passage of several bills in the legislature this winter. One will be for an appropriation of at least $1,000 for the publication of the re- ports of the association. The second will be a bill providing for continuous sessions without summer holidays at the normal schools of the state. The third will ask for a sufficient appro- priation to provide for a six weeks’ session of the summer school at the university. They will work for a bill giving school boards the power to pension teachers. The association will ask for $10,000 for the codification and publication of the school laws of the State of Minnesota. The association was in convention three days. During the, sessions in- teresting and instructive papers were read by prominent educators. The convention proved to be the most suc- cessful ever held by the teachers. THE SEVEN LEADERS, Shipped More This Year Than the Whole District Did in ’93. The leading mines of the year have been as follows, and it is an interesting fact that the seven that shipped more than 750,000 tons each made a greater total than the entire region had so re- cently as 1893. The seven are as fol- lows: Fayal, Mesaba range......... «1,253,950 Mountain Iron, Mesaba range. .1,001,324 Chapin, Menominee range...... 925,565 Biwabik, Mesaba range........ 924,868 Mahoning, Mesaba range...... 911,000 Norrie, Gogebic range....- . 906.667 Adams, Mesaba range... + 177,321 These seven mines have made a gross total of 6,700,000 tons, which is nearly 700,000 tons more than the eighty-two mines of ‘the “district made in, 1893. NEWS IN BRIEF. pei Ss uverfiow From the Wires ina Con. densed Form. Smallpox has broken out at the Leavenworth soldiers’ home. Lieut. Col. Pechhammer was killed in Berlin by an electric car, The czar has completely recovered his normal health and is able to take jong walks and drives daily. Hernandez, former aspirant for the presidency, is expected to head a re- bellious outbreak in Venezuela. The entire plant of the Grand Rapids {Mich.) BcokeasSe company was burned, with the greater part of the season's output. Loss, $50,000. Fire destroyed the Bellair Stamping company’s plant at Harvey, IIL, caus- ing a loss of $400,000 and throwing 700 people out of employment. Insurance, $875,000. Frank Hodges, an actor, has begun suit at Spokar Wash., against Ed F. Carpenter, a mining man of Republic, asking $50,000 for alienation of his wife's affections. The princess of Wales has written to the newspapers appealing for further funds for the Soldiers and Sailor: Families association, of which she is president, to maintain the families of the men engaged in the war. FRENZIED APP L. Quarantined in Jail, Appeals to Women. Wichita, Kan. n. The county jail has been quarantined on account of Mrs. Nation, smallpox and Mrs. Carrie Nation, of the W. C. T. U., who raided a_ hotel barroom, breaking pictures and mir- rors, having failed to give bond, must stay there twenty-one days. Mrs. Na- tion, in an appeal to women every where to aid in the crusade against saloons begun by her in Wichita, says. ~i can stay in jail and eat my bread and gravy in a tin pan and with a spoon. I can stay here and be quaran- tined from seeing my friends. I can sleep ona bed without a pillow and take the re of the poor criminals and feel this small fice. Can you not do something Take your conse- crated rocks, brickbats and anything that comes handy and you can clean this curse out. Don’t wait for the bal- lot. I expect to lay my ashes here, even if my body shall be cre- mated by the elements.” Mrs. Nation charges Gov. Stanley with being re- sponsible for all the ‘ ints” and “boot- legging” in Kansas. Roosevelt Hands Over the Reins of Government to His Successor. Albany, N. Y., Jan. 2.—Benjamin B. Odell, J was yest jay inauguratea governor of the ate of New York. The inauguration was one of the most elaborate ever held. There was a greater outpouring of people and a grander military display than have “attended a ceremony of this character for many years. Over 1,500 national guardsmen were in line in the escort column, and, in addition, civilians who have been the life-long friends and neighbors of the new executive, and who had come to this city to attest their friendship. Gov. Roosevelt, the retiring governor, shared with Gov. Odell to a great extent the demonstra- tion of welcome in the assembly cham- ber. HONORING E -BANDIT. Frank James Expects to Be Appoi ed Doorkeeper of the Missouri Legislatare. St. Louis, Jan. 2.—A picturesque con- test for office in the legislature which will mect at Jefferson City this month is that of Frank James, the once noted bandit, for doorkeeper in the house of representativ sussing his can- didacy, Mr. James sai “I have twice as many votes as any other candidate and no combination Strong opposition to Jar’ be under way on the gr und that to honor him with an office in the house of representatives would be humiliating to the state at large. BOMB IN TUNNEL, Chicazo Anarchisis Attempted a Dy- namite Outrage on New Year's Eve. Chicago, Jan. 2—An anarchistie at- tempt was made to blow up the La Salle street tunnel by means of dyna- mite which was placed near one of the arches in the colonnade which sup- ports the river bottom at the south entrance to the tunnel. The police de- cline to talk about the story further than to say that a bomb was found. Reduction in Wages. » Youngstown, Ohio, Jan. 2.—Notices of a reduction in wages that will affect about 4,000 men were posted at all the blast furnaces in the Mahoning and Shenango valleys. What is known as the base price is $1.90 per day, and the notices state that after February the base price will be $1.65. ‘The reduction will place the wages of the furnace men on the same basis as in March, 1890. The employes refuse to say now whether they will accept the reduction. Cabinet Crisis in Spain, Madrid, Jan. 2.—It is said the resig- nation of Rear Admiral Ramos, minis- ter of marine, is imminent owing to the recent rejection by the chamber of deputies of the government's scheme for increasing the navy. The crisis is becoming general, but no official an- nouncement will be made before to- morrow, when the cabinet will meet. German Imports. Berlin, Jan. 2. — According to the latest statistics the importation of raw material during the year just past was 45 per cent of the entire imports, man- ufaciures constituting another 20 per cent. Of the entire export volume, manufactured goods constitute 12 per cent. Careless Inspection, Bremen, Jan. 2.—There is much dis- satisfaction expressed among imvorters here over the careless inspection of maize in American seaports prior to its shipment. Numerous consignments of this product have arrived here in such a condition as to be utterly worthless. Greater care at the American end will be rigorously demanded. Injured in a Runaway. Royalton, Minn., Jan. 2.—Miss Lucy |. Lisle, a,teacher.in the public schoot*' had three ribs broken in a runaway. GEN. CUSTER’'S LAST FIGH Story of the Battle as Gleaned From ‘Indians Who Participated. Omaha, Special, Dec. 20.—The war de- partment is preparing a volume on the Custer massacre in accordance with the reso utions which passed congress two years ago, and, as singular as it may appear, interesting facts concerning that terrible chapter in the Indian wars of the plains are now developing, a querter of a century after the battle and when mest of the principles in the sanguinary con- test have passed beyond. It is no secret that for many years af- ter the wiping out of Gen. Custer and his three companies not an Indian could be found who would admit having taken part m the battle. As no white man survived that terrible onslaught it was with the greatest difficulty that the facts leading up to the battle were learned. Of course, from the position of the bodies strewn ever the plains the average plainsman would read The Bloody Details of the Fight sufficient to show the desperate resistance of the troopers and show that the sol- diers were outnumbered probably _ five hundred to one, yet the truth could not be known except from the tongue of the Indians who participated in the fight. The vastness of the victory they had won actually frightened the Indians and pre- vented them for years from boasting of their part in the awful butchery. Now, it begins to look as if the minute Getails were about to be given to the world through Frank Gourard, the vet- eran scout, Indian fighter and pioneer plainsman, Gourard receives his in- formation absolutely from Indian sources. In fact, it is fitting that the public should learn the real story of the battle through old Frank Gourard, because, as the grizzled old plainsman admits, by rights his bones ought to lie among the little white headstones that glisten to-day in the sunlight on The Custer Battlefield. Frank Gourard was scouting for,Custer at that time and but for an accident would have keen with Custer’s forces in- stead of Reno's at the time of the fight, and of course Goyrard would have been killed, as were all of CuSter’s men. Seeretary of War Meiklejohn had a long talk with Gourard on the subject of in- corporating his story in the government story of the Custer affair, soon to be is- sued. The conversation occurred this week and Meiklejohn met the veteran) seout and Indian fighter in Omaha. Gou- rard had just returned from Pine Ridge agency, where hé had Discussed the Custer Battle with many of the survivors. The indians 'ave known Gourard so long that they trust him, even though they know the unerring aim of the swarthy scout is responsible for many of their braves being sent to the happy hunting grounds. It was a happy accident that resulted in two persons who participated in the cam- paign which resulted in the tragic af- fair of the Little Big Horn meeting Secre- tary Meiklejohn. The other was Capt. Arrasmith, now on his way to join the Twenty-second in Manila. Gourard and Arrasmith were with Crook through that memorable campaign, and their meeting in Omaha was the first that had occurred since they met in converging columns near the Custer battleficl€ a quarter of a century ago. Gourard contributed ma- terially to the story he had to.tell to the representative of the wer depart- ment by narrating an experience he had a few weeks ago on the reservation at Pine Ridge. , The Fight in Picture, He met an Indian who had fifty water cclors of the famdus fighting Indian characters that could not be duplicated. The Indian who exhibited them to Gou- rard said they had long been in posses- sion of the Pine Ridge Indians, and no white man had ever seen them before. It was a perfect picture story of the fa- mous battle, showing Custer through all his desperate charging, concluding with the final struggle of a handful of troopers and the dramatic finale, with the brave general blowing out his own brains rather than submit to capture and torture at the hands of his savage enemies. Secretary Meiklejohn has written war departm<nt suggesting that Dr. Gillicuddy, the ex-Pine Ridge Indian agent and the rost likely person to ap- proach the Indians on such a delicate subject, be commissioned to make an effort to induce the Indians to nermit the department to copy this remarkable pic- ture of the fight that ft may be incor- porated in the government history. Story of the Fight. Discussing the subject, Frank Gourard said “As to fhe story, I can give it to you in brief and tell you many things you never heard before. You know, of course, of the concerted effort tnade by the half- dozen converging columns to hem the In- dians in and cow them out of their tellig- erent attitude. You know of how Custer uck the trail one summer morning in and how he, according to his usual tactics, divided+his forces with Maj. Reno at the crossing of the Rosebud creek, which, by the way, we old fellows call Reno creek. His idea was to hem the Indians in. Custer never considered the numbers of his foe. He would have gone out with a single company in just the same way to combat the whole howling Indian nation, dividing his forces and fighting them from both sides at once. “You know the story of Reno’s march down the creek, his crossing of the river and his sudden appearance before the tepees of the Indians, as much a sur- prise to him as to the Indians, of his weak sort of an attack, his repulse and retreat in disorder through the timber, the roan: of the river and his taking up a safe position in the bluffs opposite the scene of the engagement, with but a handful of Indians ,to watch him a few hours until night. “Now, the Indians knew nothing of the division of the forces. When Reno took up his position in the hills they intended to wait until night and then assault and finish him before daylight. Right here is where I am coming to the meat of the story as told by the Indians and over- looked in the chronicles of the battle. xter’s Appearance. “Custer's route behind the bluffs and down to the river through the bed of a creek was longer than Reno’s. Therefore it was some little time after Reno had een penned on the top of the bluffs that er’s company suddenly appeared be- fore the Sioux like an apparition, eoming through the dry creek bed to the bank of the river. The Indians were dumb- founded, for was not this the bedy of men whom they had left under guard of their young men penned in the bluffs? “As for Custer, it is undoubtedly true that he knew nothing of the defeat or even of the engagement of Reno, the bluffs having cut off all sound of the brief conflict. ‘Still relying upon his suberdinate, he had no fear of the Indians, although he could see that their tepees extended down the valley for three miles. Neither did he know that the Sioux, in order to de- ceive as to their fighting strength, had crowded each tepee as full of young bucks as they would hold. This is how it is that, although the story writers place the number of the Indians at about 3,000, the Sioux say they numbered More Than 8,000. “It was two hours past noon and Cus- ter’s horses and pack mules, maddened by thirst, became unmanageable at sight of the water. One of the mules carrying nearly all of the ammunition stampeded into the river, and, sinking almost in- stantly in the quicksand, was lost, with all its precious burden, an accident which caused the fight to end mueh more abruptly than it otherwise would have done. After allowing his horses te drink, Cus- ter halted his command in the protected hollow made by the intersection of the ereek bed with the banks of the river, and reviewed the situation. “Strangely enough, he could see no hos- tile demonstrations on the part of the Indians. The women and children having been hurried back from the scene at the first attack, there were none but war- ‘They had not intend- to attack the intrenched Americans re dark, and no more would they against this body before nightfall, especially since the Sioux appreciated the fact that Custer had halted in a position under whose protection he might have heid their entire force off for a number of days. riors in the tepees. ed Indian Strategy. “Congecturing that however he had es- caped his position in the bluffs that the! young men were still clinging stealthily to his rear, the Sioux, with no intention of making an immediate attack, but with the aim to get into the most favorable po- sition, sent hundreds of their warriors down the river under cover to cross un- perceived three miles below and fill the ridges and high places of the line of bluffs full of watchful, cruel and revenge- ful! fighting force. Also unperceived a number of braves made their way across the river a short way down and secreted themselves under the precipitous bank on Custer’s side. “The Indians, under cover and watch- ing the little column like a thousand hawks, could see the white leader show- ing signs of impatience and disquiet. He seanned the country beyond the clump of timber through his glasses again and again. They could not know that he was watching and hoping for some sign of the approach of Reno, so no indication would show that he had taken up his po- sition on the other side. This delay gave the Indians plenty of time for théir forces to deploy and scatter over the most ad- vantageous positions in the high ground round about, Caster's Mistake. “Finally, well along in the afternoon, the white leader did a thing for which the Indians could hardly credit the evidence of their eyes. Either tired of waiting for Reno, or being sure that he must already have taken his position unobserved on the flanks of the Indians, Custer moved out of the protected hollow and naturally for- tified ravine into the open of the exposed hillside and marched down the river, the slope of the bluffs resting on his right, on his left at a distance of but a few hun- dred yards the precipitous bank of the river, with a writhing pack of reds be- neath, and just beyond the water the camp of more than 8,000 Indians in their war paint. Custer’s fate was sealed with that command to advance, and there was not an Indian but knew it and exulted in his treacherous red breast at the thought of the grand killing in store for him and his comrades. There was no immediate attack. Custer was marching Right Into the Trap, and the Indians lay low and let him come on, but from the time the little force moved out of the hollow until the time when the last man fell riddled with bul- lets there was not a moment when the troopers were not covered by the sights of a thousand rifles, while a thousand itching fingers played with the set trig- gers. “Apparently puzzled by the actions of the Indians, and for the purpose of draw- ing them out, Custer halted after march- ing a considerable distance down the river and fired a volley across into the straggling lines of tepees. Instantly the volley was answered by a deadly fire from the under side of the river bank, taking the soldiers so by surprise that they fell back toward the peak of the ridge, the Indians continuing their fire. Still without any intimation of the dan- ger behind them, the troopers mounted on their horses and left a number of dead on the field. With the Indians still under a perfect cover, the soldiers had no chance to reply with effect. They reached the crest of the hills and were headed toward the protection of the ridges and gullies at a gallop, when the concealed Indians opened a murderous fire upon them, di- rectly in front. Nearly a whole company was mowed down at the first fire and the column fell back, as the Indians had planned, once more into the jaws of the trap. é Ended His Own Life. “Now right here is where one of the most startling parts of this Indian version comes in. You recollect the big bay thoroughbred the Indians called Gourard and which raced ali through the North- west for years after the massacre? Well, one of Custer’s young lieutenants was mounted on that horse that day. When the column fell back under the fire the big bay took the bit between his teeth and thundering down right into the midst of the redskins, burst savagely through their lines, his head down, squealing with rage, a diabolical incarnation ef padi spas tached themselves from the rest and gave chase. They were hopelessly distanced from the first. Nothing an Indian ever rode could beat that horse. Finally, as he streaked it out across the plateau near- ly a mile in the lead the Indians gave it up and sitting back on their ponies watched the flying horse in a fury of dis- appointment. Then they witnessed am amazing thing, something which they, with no conception of the code of honor which actuates officers in the United States army, could not understand. They saw the young lieutenant look back, and, finding himself hopelessly out of the fight, deliberately draw his revolver and Shoot Himself Through the Head. The horse stopped at once, and the In- dians, continiting the chase, captured him, leaving the body of the officer lying alone on the sands. The first report of the fight reported him missing, but a stone was erected to his memory on the field. “In the meantime Custer's men met im front and on the river side by the same/ deadly fire, were compelled again to re- treat, this time down the second side of the fatal triangle, as you can see. So they were driven again to lower ground, fighting desperately all the while. The troopers, having dismounted from their horses, were now proceeding at a walk, using their mounts as much as possible for cover. Custer’s Death. “At the spot where Custer met his death there was a rally and a last stand, for the Indians, pursting out of cover from the front, swept down on the little band like a lot of yelling fiends. The combat, waxing into an incredible fury, was waged almost hand to hand. The rifle ammunition was exhausted, revolvers were emptied, and the troopers, drawing their sabers died fighting to the last breath. “Standing untouched through all the melee, Custer must have be- gun to guess that the Indians were making an effort to capture him alive. Expecting nothing but the cruelest and most inhuman tortures from their hands, he fought until they had closed in about him on every side, until all the men immediately about him were down, and then turned his revolver against himself. “After that the end was>not long in coming. The scattered survivors were driven back along the third side of the triangle, so that when the last men fell he died within a hundred yards of the place where the first was killed.” ee An Interesting Character, To one famiiiar with the sanguinary his- tory of the plains from 1S72 until the up- rising at Pine Ridge, culminating in the death of Sitting Bull in 1891, Gourard stands as one of the most unique and‘in- teresting characters surviving. Capt.’ Arrasmith, who has known him for years, declares that as a scout he had no equal, not even in the famous Kit Carson him- self. To-day fifty years of age, Gourard is in appearance a type of the full-blooded Sioux. Not a drop of Indian blood flowa in his veins, however. A Sandwich isl- ander by parentage, a Calfornian by birth, he was endowed by nature with the phys- ical hardihood of a young mountain lion, and the instincts of the most wily of forest creatures. Captured by the Sioux when but a child, he was reared as one of them. From his captors he learned all that nature and circumstances had taught the crafty savage. He learned the lan- guages of the plains and became a master. in the sign code. His roaming with the restless tribes gave him knowledge of the topography of the country, which served him well in after years. a Sanity Teasted. st Rev. John F. Hill, in Presbyterian Danner, takes the following incident frcm a New York paper and adds a suggestive comment: “A gentleman was once being taken over an idiot asylum. He asked an at- tendant how they knew when an idiot was considered to be sufficiently re- stored to sanity to be discharged. “ ‘Oh,’ said the attendant, ‘it is easily managed. We take them into a yard where there are several troughs. We turn on the taps and give the idiots buckets to bail out the waters and emp- ty the troughs. Many of them keep baaJing away while the taps keep run- ning, but they that wasn’t idiots stops the tap.”" This little story, though by no means a new one, may have proven amusing to the readers, and all will agree that’ the asylum should not discharge an in- mate who failed upon this funny test. But are all the people in asylums for the insane or imbecile who “keep bail- ing away,’ hoping to empty the trough without stopping the inflow? Is not this precisely what we do when, through our state and muuicipal gov- ernments, we make desperate strug- gles for the abatement of the floods of crime and pauperism, and yet neglect to close the saloon, which is the ac- knowledged source of the greater part of those awful streams? Z A city missionary, addressing the Presbyterian Social. Union of Philadel- phia, on the ‘Slum Problem” in large cities, when asked what connection the saloon had with the slums, replied: “Remove the saloon from the slums and you will have no slums.” How She Won. “I thought you said you never again would elect her president of your club,” he suggested, after she had told him alt about the result of the club election. “Well, we didn’t intend to,” she replied, “but when she broke down and cried we just couldn’t help it.”—Smart Set: A Conundrum. “When does a man become a seam- stress?" “When he hems and haws.” “When he threads his way.” “No,.’” “When he rips and tears.” “No.” “Give it up.” ‘Never, if he can help i ton Christian Register. Consolation. , ‘Life is full of uncertainties,” said the mournful person. “Cheer up, old man,” rejoined the jovial friend. “You don’t have to read the weather reports and the horse race news if you don’t want to."— Washington Star. An Omitted Rhetorical Stroke. “Let me see!” said the great man. “Did I say anything about the crux of the proposition?” “I don't see anything,’* said the secretary, glancing over his notes. “‘H’m!" murmured the great man. “IT meant to work that phrase off some - how.”—Puck. * * “A number of Indians immediately de