Evening Star Newspaper, January 27, 1942, Page 24

Plan for Registering Enemy Aliens Next Month Ouffined Forum Speaker Advises Germans, Italians and Japs to Make Preparations ‘The regulations governing the is- suance of certificates of identifica- tion to alien enemies in the United States were described by Earl G. Harrison, special assistant to the Attorney General, in a speech last night on the National Radio Forum, arranged by The Star and broad- cast nationally over the Blue Net- work. The program was heard locally over Station WMAL. The text of the address of Mr. Harrison, who has charge of the alien enemy identification program, follows: I want to thank the Washing- ton Star Radio Forum and the Blue Network for giving me this oppor- tunity to describe an important plan of action our Government is about to undertake. That action, known as the alien identification require- ment, applies specifically to Ger- mans, Italians and Japanese living here who are not citizens of the United States. Actually, it is a pro- gram that ought to have the close attention, understanding and co- operation of every American. More Than 1,000,000 Some of you, listening this eve- ning, may have parents who are German, Italian or Japanese na- tionals. Some of you have relatives who come within that category. That is not surprising when one considers that there are more than a million non-citizens now in the United States who were born in Germany, Italy or Ja, .n, and that many of them have been here long enough to have become the parents and even the grandparents of American-born children. Others, listening, may have good and close friends who heppen to be aliens of German, Italian or Japanese na- tionality. Whatever your relation- ship to any of them may be, you can do them a friendly service by understanding the true nature and intent of this new requirement and by helping them, where it seems appropriate, to comply with it. As many of you know, aliens of enemy nationalities—that is, Ger- man, Italilan and Japanese non- citizens—living in this country have been subject to certain restrictions ever since the United States entered the war on December 8. Since that time these non-citizens have been technically known as “alien ene- mies.” You will recall that on December 8 and December 9 the President issued proclamations giv- ing the Attorney General authority to issue regulations affecting the conduct of all aliens of German, Ttalian and Japanese nationalily. These proclamations and regula- tions, while they take from many loyal aliens some of the privileges which other aliens and American citizens have, are necessary war- time precautionary measures. If we were not at war it would not be necessary to impose them on a large gection of our population, many of whom are as loyal as our citizenry. But we are at war with ruthless ‘enemies, who use every possible op- portunity to gain their ends, and all precautions must be taken against the disloyal few there are among us, even at the cost of inconvenienc- ing many innocent persons. Majority Co-operative. The great majority of German, Ttalian and Japanese aliens living in this country understand that and from all reports they are being most co-operative in complying with | the regulations affecting them. On January 14 the President is- sued his most recent proclamation concerning German, Italian and Japanese aliens. proclamation is intended to facili- tate enforcement of the regulations issued by authority of the three previous proclamations. It requires all aliens of enemy nationalities— that is, German, Italian and Japa- nese aliens—to apply for and ac- quire certificates of identification, and authorizes the Attorney General of the United States to “make such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary for_effecting such {dentifications.” It f8 to describe to you the procedure involved in ob- taining a certificate of identification, and to tell you about the rules and regulations that have been issued by the Attorney General that I am addressing you this evening. Like all regulations affecting the eonduct of aliens of enemy national- ities living in the United States, the identification program will be under | the supervision of the Department | of Justice. And, as in the case of the alien registration program of | 1940, the identification program will be conducted with the close co-oper- ation of the Post Office Department. The post offices of our country did an excellent job in registering some 5,000,000 non-citizens then, and we are again using their facilities in this identification program. This seemed wise in order to avoid the confusion which might have resulted from the use of other places. Aliens of German, Italian or Jap- anese nationality who have not fully acquired United States citizenship and who are 14 years of age or older must apply for certificates of iden- tification. Each alien who comes within this category is required to go to that first or second class or county seat post office which is nearest his home. He must do this during the period specified for his locality. At the post office he will file his application for a certificate of identification. Failure to do this may result in severe penalties, which include internment for the duration of the war. You see, even a democ- racy must mean business at times. In everything we do these days we should mean business. Includes “Stateless” of Nationalities. Aliens must make applications for identification certificates even if they are at present stateless—that is, are not citizens or subjects of any nation—provided that at the time they became “persons without a country” they were German, Italian or Japanese citizens or subjects. I realize this will include many who have come here for refuge—expatri- ated and cast out, their property confiscated, by the enemy nations. Many such persons may in due time establish their full right to be ex- empt from all regulations concern- ing “alien enemies,” but at this time they must comply with the identifi- cation requirement if they last pos- sessed German, Italian or Japanese citizenship. An opportunity to tell the circumstances of their loss of all citizenship will be afforded on the application form. ‘The only German, Italian and Japanese aliens who are not re- Essentially, that | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, JANUARY 27, 1942. EARL G. HARRISON. quired to file application for a cer- tificate of identification are those who may have become bona fide citizens of any nation or country other than Germany, Italy and Ja- pan before the United States entered the war against those Axis powers. But we know that some German, Italian or Japanese aliens, who be- came citizens of another country through naturalization or other- wise, have in fact retained their status as German, Italian or Japa- nese citizens or subjects by & spe- cial license or some other similar arrangement. In spité of their dou- ble nationality, therefore, they are still German, Italian or Japanese citizens or subjects. As such, they must comply with the identification requirement; if they do not, they are subject to the penalties. I should like to point out that Austrians or Austro-Hungarians who registered as such in the alien regis- tration of 1940 are not included in this new identification requirement, provided they have not at any time become voluntary subjects or citi- zens of Germany, Italy or Japan. | Also excluded are Koreans registered as such in 1940, provided, again, they have not at any time voluntarily become citizens or subjects of Ger- many, Italy or Japan. To repeat, therefore, Austrians, Austro-Hunga- rians and Koreans, registered as such, need not apply for certificates of identification if they have not voluntarily become Axis citizens or subjects. There should be no other great question regarding nationality groups of aliens—as, for example, those who are citizens of conquered nations—because so far there has been no proclamation or any regu- lation declaring them to be “alien enemies.” Starts in Far West. The identification program will start in the Far Western States of | the Nation first. Japanese, Italian and German citizens and subjects | residing in the States of California, Washington, Oregon, Montana, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and Idaho must apply for their certificates of iden- tification in the period February 2 through February 7, 1942. Those in the other 40 States and the District of Columbia must apply in the pe- riod starting February 9 and end- ing February 28. Make a careful note of these dates—February 2 through February 7 for the eight Far Western States; February 9 through February 28 for the rest of the country. If you should forget them you will find them in your newspa- pers and hear them on the radio. ‘To make the procedure as easy as possible, we are making available immediately at all post offices and many neighborhood social agencies detailed instructions on how to file application forms for a certificate of identification. Get a copy of these instructions soon. It may be ob- tained at auy post office by the alien himself or by any of his friends or relatives. Although the instructions have been made as simple as pos- sible, they should be studied care- | fully before the applicant goes to the post office to file his application, so as to avold confusion or delay. Friends and relatives of aliens sub- ject to the requirements can do them a real service by interpreting the instructions and perhaps by acting as interpreters in those cases where the applicant does not know Eng- lish so well. Requires Recent Photograph. The printed instructions will tell the applicant what to take with him when he applies for a certificate of identification. The instruction sheet contains also a description of the questions which the alien will be asked when he files his application. The items the applicant should take with him when he goes to the post office are the following: First, his alien registration re- ceipt card. Next, three unmounted photo- graphs of himself, with light back- ground, 2-inch by 2-inch in size, printed on thin paper, taken not more than 30 days previously. These photographs must be taken front view and without a hat. Finally, he should take, written down, the names, dates, addresses and facts needed to answer the ques- tions on his application form. T would suggest that every pros- pective applicant look up his alien registration receipt card now. If he does not have it, he should at once write the Alien Registration Division of the Department of Jus- tice, Washington, D. C. stating whether he lost his card or never received one; also his address at the time he registered, his nationality and where he registered. I must warn applicants that unless they have their alien registration receipt cards, they will run the risk of con- siderable delay and may even fail to obtain their certificate of identifi- cation. However, the fact that he does not have his alien registration receipt card should not keep the applicant from reporting at the proper post office during the period of time specified for filing applica- tions in his area. By reporting when he is supposed to, he will have the opportunity of explaining what he is doing to obtain his receipt card and can partlv complete his application. ‘When the alien applicant goes to | the nearest first or second class or | county seat post office, he may, if he wishes, take a member of his family or a friend with him. If he cannot write, I advise him to take some one along who can write plainly. That will help matters greatly. In the event that he is unable to get such a person, there will be clerks at the post office and where possible in- terpreters who will help him with his application. There is no need for him to pay any one. I want to & A —>Star Staff Photo. take opportunity to emphasize that the requirements for obtaining & certificate of identification should involve no expense other than the cost of the photographs. The Gov- ernment, through its post offices, and otherwise, will assist the appli- cant as much as possible, He may also be able to obtain advice or as- sistance from one of the many social service agencies that are co-operat- ing with us in making the require- ments of the identification program known as widely as possible. Certificates to Be Delivered. After the alien has made out his application forms, he will, within a few days, receive a certificate of identification. It will be delivered to him at his home. While he may be obliged to make some special ar- rangements to be there to accept de- livery, this will save him a second trip to the post office. The certifi- cate, in booklet form, will bear his photograph, a print of his right in- dex finger, and his signature. It will also contain a brief description of his physical characteristics, and have space in it where any change of address or occupation can be re- corded. The alien will be required to carry the certificate with him at all times. The certificate of identification will be in some situations a pro- tection to its owner, and will identify him as one who has complied with the law and given evidence of his peaceful disposition. It will also serve to facilitate the issuance of travel permits and passes, and per- haps later exemptions which may be granted from time to time in ac- cordance with existing rules and | regulations. To many who have lived in Europe, the certificate of identifica- tion will be nothing new. during peacetime, a number of European governments required travelers and other aliens to carry similar identification credentials. Such identification means are nec- essary in any nation where strict control may be necessary. While the issuance of certificates will give the United States Government a tighter control over the movements of the German, Italian and Japanese na- tionals living here, it will, at the same time, provide such persons with a quick and simple method of identifying themselves. In thet respect, the certificates will not be unlike -our automobile driving licenses, which we show when we get into a jam with the traffic police or other drivers. period of wartime, when the alien of enemy nationality is obliged to abide by a number of special rules and regulations, he frequently runs the risk of getting into “jams.” If he is innocent of wrongdoing, the certificate of identification may easily help to clear him, quickly and with a minimum of inconvenience to himself and the authorities. As At- torney General Biddle has stated, |} “The objective of the Department of Justice in issuing identification certificates to aliens of enemy na- tionalities is the dual one of strengthening our internal safety and protecting the loyal alien, even if he hes become technically an alien enemy.” Speedier Than in Last War. Let me point out this. In the| last World War, the United States did not even launch a registration program for German aliens until eight months after we entered the war. The belief is not without foundation that at least some of the harsh treatment of so-called “alien enemies” which we remember re- sulted from this apparent lack of precaution and control. This time, not only do we have a complete registration of all aliens, but within three months after our involvement in the wer we wil have certificates of identification in the hands of all aliens of enemy nationalities. That will make for order and greater protection all around. Some may ask: How does the identification program differ from the alien registraticn of 1940? There | are many important differences. The most outstanding one, of course, is that the identification program ap- plies only to aliens of enemy na- tionalities—Germans, Italians and Japanese—whereas the alien regis- |# tration program applied to all aliens, regardless of nationality. The 1940 registrant received a receipt card as evidence that he had complied with that law, but he was not re- quired to carry it, whereas the per- son to whom a certificate of identifi- cation is issued must carry it with him at all times. The alien regis- tration program served the useful purpose of providing our Govern- ment, for the first time, with basic general information about all of its aliens, when and how they came here, how long they expected to stay. The present 1dentification sure sound good You'd order it in a minute if didn’t rememl Even | In this| & program, limited to aliens of enemy nat ‘who must com- ply with certain wartime regula- tions, will provide us with more de- concerning their abroad, and whether these relatives are serving in any armed forces. ‘There is also included a question as to the applicant’s organizational connections and, if he has spent any part of the past five years outside the United States, his political tional = wty:m organization mem. Early Action Advised, But after the applicant has given the information asked of him, he may feel there are some facts concerning himself the Govern- ment ought to have in determining whether he should really be consid- ered as an “alien enemy.” He will be given an opportunity to state these facts on the application form, Many applicants may welcome this chance to tell Uncle Sam how they happened to leave their native coun- try, whether because of religious, racial or political persecution, what their foreign citizenship status is; if they desire, they may give the names and addresses of two persons THE NEWER 1214.20 F-Street Buy, buy, KEEP BUYING Defense Stamps and Bonds! Come what may, you'll own a fine coat next winter at a minimum outlay if you'll Act Now! $89.75 to 9875 Fur-trimmed Coats 57975 —all new wool BLACK COATS —with lots of PERSIAN LAMB —with magnificent collars of SILVER FOX —with tailored and dressmaker treatments in BLEND- ED MINK Misses,” Women's A. 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