Evening Star Newspaper, May 24, 1940, Page 5

U. S. Diplomacy fo Try To Soffen Impact of Invasion for Belgians Envoy Cudahy and Staff To Stay in Brussels to Help Civilian*Population BY the Associated Press. American diplomacy in Belgium will seek again, as in 1914-17, to soften the impact of the German occupation on the local popuMmtion. Ambassador John Cudahy and his staff of 12 officials expect to remain in Brussels in the hope of improving the lot of the Belgians. They are hopeful that the German authorities will,, recognize their diplomatic status, as was done in 1914-17, when Brand Whitlock was American Min- Aster to Belgium. - It also is hoped that the same suf- ferance may be extended to the American Minister to Holland, George A. Gordon, who likewise has remained at his post. Tt is evident from what always has happened in a country occupied by foreign troops that difficulties are bound to occur between the civilian population and the military occu- pants. Improved the Lot of Civilians, From 1914 to 1917 Brand Whitlock and his staff made numerous suc- cessful efforts to improve the lot of the civilian population. The papers of former Secretary of State Lansing show’ Mr. Whitlock &lso made strenuous efforts to avert the execution of Edith Cavell British nurse. ‘When Germany invaded Belgium {n the World War, the Belgian gov- ernment moved to Antwerp August 17, 1914, and later to Le Havre, France. Mr. Whitlock stayed on in Brussels, called on each new Ger- man military commander as he ar- riwed and was received as the diplo- matic representative of the United States. He was thus in constant contact with the German author- dvtes. Belgium Was Grateful. In 1914 Minister Whitlock was able to prevent the shelling of Brus- sels by persuading the burgomaster not to defend the civilian city. By a’note of January 23, 1915, the Bel- gian Minister in Washington ex- pressed the gratification of his gov- ernment that the American Lega- tion had remained in Brussels. The German command in Bel- glum permitted Mr. Whitlock and other neutral diplomats to send dip- lomatic dispatches in code, and per- mitted legation secretaries to move about the country on legation busi- ness. Relations between the legation and the German authorities con- tinued reasonably good until the United States severed diplomatic re- lations with Germany in February, 1917. Germany then refused to con- tinue to recognize Mr. Whitlock's diplomatic status. He left Belgium April 3, 1917, and went to Le Havre. Australians Rush to Colors »SYDNEY, Australia, May 24 (#).— Australians here are enlisting for | the Army and the air force at the rate of 1,000 a day. Heavy recruiting #lso is reported in other Australian waters. THE EVENING ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND.—AFTER DIVE BOMBERS PASSED— Nazi troops on guard at a bridge here recently with a large part of the city in flames in the background. Tanks are crossing the All Alien Seamen InU.S. Ship Crews Are Being Listed Commerce Bureau Making Survey for Future Use And to Check on ‘Radicals’ Through the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, the Com- merce Department is preparing a list of all alien seamen enrolled in the crews of American merchant ships, it was learned today. The listing of aliens will cover coastwise ships as well as those operating on overseas trade routes. Loyal foreign-born seamen are in no danger of losing their jobs as a result of the survey, it was said. The department will keep the list of for- eign seamen in its files for possible future reference. In the past many European Com- munists and other aliens are be- lieved to have become members of crews of ships bound for this coun- try and then deserted on arrival at American ports. By listing the aliens in American ship crews, the Commerce Department will be able to keep a closer check on this for- eign-born group. The Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation is charged with ad- ministration and enforcement of all navigation and marine inspection laws. The bureau has inspectors at most of the larger seaports. Under the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 an unsubsidized American ship is not permitted to have more than 25 per cent aliens in its crew. A subsidized freighter must have a 166 per cent American crew and a subsidized passenger ship is limited to 10 per cent foreign personnel. On subsidized passenger vessels employ- ment of aliens is restricted to the stewards’ department, and those thus employed must either have taken out their first papers or pre- sent evidence of legal entry into the United States. Lochner (Continued From First Page.) and the looks we were given were those of hate. We passed on to Malines. This city, too, had been shelled. Its fortifications constituted the outer belt of Antwerp’s forts and the Bel- glans appeared to have thought it would be sufficient to modernize them. They left out of considera- tion the fact that the German Army had the most modern equipment in the world. Hearses Carry Living. There was one spectacle: Two elegant hearses moved along the‘ road, filled with living women and children and their scanty belong- ings. Every house on one street through | which we drove had crepe on front doors. Just outside of Malines we saw five graves marked by steel hel- mets. As we came closer we dis- covered they were the peculiarly- shaped helmets of German para- chute jumpers. At another little Belgian village | we saw life and death in strange| Jjuxtaposition. A man was planting vegetables in the garden behind his | .STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, MAY 24, 1940. bridge. Nazi dive bombers were reported to have struck with great fury and accuracy in their attack on the city. Pictufe and caption passed by German censor. —Wide World Radio Photo. house. Right under the veranda, in front, a Belgian soldier had been buried. The helmet on the burial place was bullet-ridden and blood- stained. At Antwerp for the first time in the operations area we saw long queues of refugees at the “bureau for the scattered.” These were the unfortunates who became separated from their families during the head- long flight of the civilian popula- tion. administration to reunite families. Bureaus similar to the one seen in Antwerp soon are to be estab- lished in many places. 0Odds Declared With Nazis. Gen. Georg von Kuechlen, com- mander in chief of the German Army driving at the Belgian coast| port of Ostend by way of Ghent | and Bruges, declared today that “the odds are greatly in our favor.” While his forces were engaging the allies in a severe battle only a few miles away, Von Kuechlen | told me: , “Our enemies are resisting brave- A systematic effort is being| made by the German occupation | is striving to reach the French Chan- nel ports of Calais and Dunkerque. «The army we are with is well sup- ported by the air arm. We see “Stukas” (dive-bombers) and heavy bombers roaring overhead in an al- most unbroken stream. Today, for the first time since entering the western zone of operations, I stood on an airport facing England—lo- cation not revealable—only 30 min- | uges from Britain as a Messerschmitt flies. This field was reserved for Messer- schmitts. We saw 27 of these swift fighters, hidden by a camoufiage of branches or by being pushed back into the woods fringing the field. But in addition to air force and army officers, we also have seen naval officers hastening back and forth in this area. That fact speaks volumes. These men are here for business. ‘The Messerschmitt squadron we visited was commanded by Herman | Handrick, pentathlon champion in the 1936 Olympic games at Berlin, As eight of his squadron took to | the air, he explained: | ! “As we haven't seen the enemy in | War Communiques German BERLIN, May 24 (#—The high command communique follows: 9 “The region of Northern France and Belgium in which the enemy armies are encircled was further by successful attacks of German troops on all sides. “In Flanders German divisions broke through fortified Scheldt (river) position and advanced as far as the western embankment of the Lys (river). “Touraal was taken. The Freach fortress at Maubeuge, lying behind the front, is in German hands after the capture of the last fortified works, R. A. F. fighter airctaft were con- tinuously throughout yes- terday on patrol and escort duties over the battle area. “Preliminary reports show that over a score of enemy aircraft were shot down, including & number of Messerschmitt fighters, and at least 25 seriously damaged. “Eight of our aircraft are reported as shot down or missing. Four others made forced landings. “Large forces of our bomber air- craft have again heavily attacked eremy communications both in the neighborhood of the fighting frent and in Germany.” A later bulletin said: “At the end of a long day’s work, “In the Artois region German | which began well before dawn and troops conquered Loretto Heights, | continued far into the night, Brit- northwest of Arras which were hotly | ish fighter patrols yesterday had contested -during the World War. |shot down 23 enemy aircraft, and “Strong German armored forces | further, 26 were either shot down or which are advancing between Arras [ 50 severely damaged as to be un- | German forces in the Antwerp sec- | to swoop down on marching enemy | ly. But we are cutting our way to | the air for the last eight days, I am | the sea and expect to be there|free to assist the army in its push shortly. into Ghent from the north. Those | “We have inundations and other | eight planes have started to assist difficulties of terrain, to contend |in the land fight. with. Nevertheless, the odds ‘are| “Each plane has either four ma- | greatly in our favor.” | chine guns or two machine guns | Von Kuechlen, commander of *he | and two cannon. They have orders | columns.” and the sea northward yesterday neared the French Channel ports. “A weak enemy advance from the south toward Amiens was repelled. Otherwise there were no special events on the southern front. “Strong units of the air force sup- ported the army’s fight against enemy armies encircled in the Bel- gian and French region. On the southern front also the air force raided trafic facilities, transport movements and troop concentra- tions. “During armed reconnaissance of the coast a large war vessel, which probably was a cruiser, and de- stroyers were hit by heavy bombs off Boulogne. Our airplanes en- countered strong anti-aircraft de- fense. “Futhermore, we succeeded in sinking six loaded transports. “Additional information received revealed that, during desperate enemy attempts to break through southward on May 21 and 22, 56 enemy tanks were destroyed by other means. “Yesterday's air losses total 49 planes, of which 25 were shot down in air fights, 8 by anti-aircraft guns and the rest were destroyed on the ground. ! “Sixteen German planes are miss- ng. “At Narvik the air force success- fully raided compact ground targets such as tent encampments, mule columns, troop concentrations and disembarkations. “One enemy chaser was shat down. “One cruiser and one transport were damaged by bomb hits. “Last night the opponent again made flights over Western and Southwestern Germany, repeating aimless bomb droppings on non- | military targets.” French PARIS, May 24 (#).—The morning communique said: “In the northern region the enemy is endeavoring to increase his pressure. “On the line of the Somme our troops are firmly holding conquered tor, told me his army’s immediate | objective was to get control of the | Ghent Canal. Presumably the canal referred to is that running from Ghent to Bruges and from there to the sea | at Ostend, 65 miles from the south- east coast of England. One of Von Kuechlen's adjutants disclosed that, simultaneously with this drive, another German Army under Gen. Walther von Reichenau ‘Chiropodists to Meet Three Washington physicians will speak at the fifth scientific session of the Mid-Atlantic Association of Chiropodists tomorrow and Sunday at the Sir Walter Raleigh Hotel, Raleigh, N. C. They are Drs. Charles W. Shuffle, Alec C. Levin and E. C. Rice. positions. “To the south of Sedan the enemy has pursued his attacks without making any appreciable progress in spite of the means used.” British LONDON, May 24 (#).—The- text of the Air Ministry communique fol- lows: “The Air Ministry announces that The Coats-12.50 Tho Slachs-%6.00 Best way to shake all cares —stake a claim on some South Sea island. 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Under conditions now prevailing in Northern France, there can be little doubt that most of these damaged aircraft were lost.” Paris (Continued From First Page.) — e dous artillery preparation had blast- ed French positions and brought replies from French batteries. The Germans used no tanks, the spokes- man said. In the wooded Argonne region several infiltrations of German sol- diers managed to pass through the French lines, he added, but these men are being rounded up. Artillery Dueling. Artillery duels at the extreme east- ern end of the active front extending across Northern France, in the vicinity of Longuyo, near the junc- ture of the French, Belgian and | Luxembourg frontiers, were de- !scribed as having calmed down “without direct results.” German attacks south of Sedan yesterday were repulsed, the high jcommand said, “in spite of the ! means used” by the Germans. This | was not explained further. Along with the brief official word came reports from the front that the German and French Armies were clashing in extremely heavy fighting along the Scheldt River in | Northern France and far into Bel- | gium. | The Scheldt River fighting was | believed to involve large masses of | regular French infantry. | Although the bitterest fighting | appeared to be along this strategic river, the opposing war machines | were locked in battle from the re- |gion of the English Channel east- | ward to the Luxembourg frontier, a distance of 300 miles as the war bird | flies but much farther over the| twisted routes of war. | It was still a war of maneuver, | with the opposing elements trying to cut each other off, but the extent of the area over which mcreasingly‘ large units were locked made yes- terday one of the most violent days of the war. The French appeared to be try- | ing to advance north from Cambrai | to effect the liaison with the with- | drawing> alies in Belgium and at| the same time to isolate German | motorcyclists and parachutists and tank crews pillaging at their rear. Presbyferian Assembly Chairmen Are Named By the Associated Press. ROCHESTER, N. Y., May 24— Dr. Willlam L. Young, Parkville, Mo., newly elected moderator of the 152nd Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the United States of America, named today his cholces of a vice moderator and chairmen of standing committees. Dr. Young appointec the Rey. Ray Freeman Jenney of Syracuse as vice moderator and announced the fole lowing chairmen of standing come mittees: Bills and overtures, the Rev. Jo- seph B. C. Mackie, Philadelphia; national missions, the Rev. Robert B. Beattie of East Orange, N. J.; foreign missions, the Rev. Paul Cal- houn of Spokane; Christian educa= tion, the Rev. Albert J. McCartney of Washington; pensions, the Rev. J. Harry Cotton, president of the Chicago Presbyterian Theological Seminary; polity, the Rev. Jesse Baird of San Francisco; social edu= cation, Tlion T. Jones of Iowa City. Dr. Robert N. MacLean, Santa Barbara, Calif., told a stewardship breakfast “no man can be a good steward without first of all recog= nizing that everything he uses is the property of the Almighty.” Next, he said, “being a good stew= ard means that a man must really serve,” and finally, “a steward must seek God's will instead of his own.” Dr. Young, 48 years old, succeeds Dr. Sam Higginbottom, president of Allahabad Christian College, India. The new moderator has headed Park College, Parkville, since 1936 and once worked in Illinois coal mines to contribute to his family's support. Born at Braidwood, Ill., Dr. Young is a graduate of Carroll College, Waukesha, Wis. He took graduate work at the Universities of Mani= toba and Montana, receiving a mase ter of arts degree from the latter in 1926. He was awarded an hone orary doctorate of divinity at Care roll in 1935 and of laws at Waynes= boro College in 1932. A first lieue tenant chaplain in the World War, he was ordained in 1918. Rumanian Sees Pope VATICAN CITY, May 24 (P).— Pope Pius received Nicolas Petrescu, Rumanian Ambassador to the Holy See, in private audience today. (From ‘actual CASE RECORDS of Mountain Valley Many like F. B. are helped by Mountain Valley Water from Hot | Springs, Ark.—the natural aid for Arthritis, Kidney and Bladder conditions. It may help you FOR FREE BOOKLET—or to order—telephone ME. 1062. Mountain Valley M54 WATER \ ‘FROM HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS 405 K St. N.W. Ph. ME. 1062 "34&494 I¢’. Extended payments cost you nothing exira, at Bond's. Listen to Arthur Godfrey, “Sun Dial,” WISV, Every Weekday Morning, 7:30 to 7:45