Evening Star Newspaper, May 25, 1937, Page 4

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, MAY 25, 1937. Digest of Wages-and-Hours Measure Interstate Commerce Device Used to Implement Law to Correct Substandard Labor Conditions—Philosophy of Act Is Expressed in Legislative Part 1. Declaration in Section 1 of Sveeping condemnation of so- calied substandard labor conditions provides the basis for the fair labor standards act of 1937, the philo!q- phy of the act being ez:presszd_m the legislative declaration in section 10f part 1. A digest of the bill in- troduced yesterday in both House and Senate follows: PART 1. Legislative Declaration. Section 1. (a) The employment of workers under standard labor condi- tions in occupations in interstate com- merce, in the production of goods for interstate commerce, or otherwise di- rectly affecting interstate commerce (1) causes interstate commerce and the channels and instrumentalities of interstate commerce to be used to spread and perpetuate among the workers of the several States condi- tions detrimental to the physical and economic health, eficiency, and well- being of such workers; (2) directly burdens interstate commerce and the free flow of goods in interstate com- merce; (3) constitutes an unfair method of competition in interstate commerce; (4) causes industrial dis- locations directly burdening and ob- structing interstate commerce and diverting interstate commerce from areas in which fair labor standards are maintained to areas in which such substandard labor conditions exist; (5) leads to labor disputes directly burdening and obstrugting interstate commerce and the free flow of goods in interstate commerce; (6) causes undue price fluctuations impairing the stability of prices of goods in inter- state commerce, and (7) directly in- terferes with the orderly and fair marketing of goods in interstate com- merce. (b) The correction of such condi- tions directly affecting interstate commerce requires that Congress ex- ercise its legislative power to regu- late commerce among the several States by prohibiting the shipment in interstate commerce of goods produced under substandard labor conditions and .by providing for the elimination of substandard labor conditions in occupations in and directly affecting interstate commerce. Definitions. Included in 27 definitions are the following: “Oppressive labor practice” means any practice by an employer consti- tuting (a) the employment of any persons to act as a strikebreaker dur- ing a labor dispute, and for the pur- pose of this clause a strikebreaker means & person employed to do work wholly ar in part theretofore done by a regular employe (who has stopped, or been excluded from, such work by reason of a labor dispute) where such person is known by the employer to be upqualified for, or to have no intention of accepting, regular em- ployment, og¥ where such person is ngid for work done by him a higher Wpee than the wage paid to, such regu! employe * * * but no person " be deemed to he a strikebregker his employment' is necessary to pre- vent irrdpggable damage to physical property or to maintain essential pub- lic services and is cinfined to the pre- vention of such irreparable damage or the maintenance of such essential public services; or (b) the employment of any person to engage in espionage over any employe or the immediate family of such employe for the pur- pose of securing information regard- ing the affillation of such employe with a labor organization, the activi- ties or plans of such employe with ref- erence to self-organization, or the political or economic views or activ- ities of such employe. “Oppressive child labor” means a eondition of employment under which (a) any child under the age of 16 years is employed in any occupation, or (b) any child between the ages of 16 and 18 years is employed in any occupation which the chief of the Children’s Bureau in the Department of Labor shall from time to time by regulation or order declare to be par- ticularly hazardous for the employ- ment of such children or detrimental to their health or well-being. “For the purposes of this act, proof that any employe was employed under any substandard labor condition in any factory, mill, workshop, mine, quarry, or other place of employment where goods were produced, within 90 days prior to the removal of such goods therefrom, shall be prima facie evidence that such goods were pro- duced by such employe employed un- der such substandard labor condis sion.” Labord Standards Board. Provision is here made for & five- man - board at terms ranging from one to five years; salaries to be $10,- 000 yearly. Employes other than attorneys, ex- perts and other specialists shall be subject to civil service laws. PART 2. This section first declares that wage and hour provisions be pro- claimed for various employments as soon as possible “without unreason- ably curtailing opportunities for em- ployment” or “without unreasonably curtalling the earning power of the smployes.” “Having due regard to the minimum wage standard established * * * the board shall * * * vary such standard upward or downward * * * to the ex- tent that the boerd finds a variation necessary Or appropriate to prevent the depression of general wage levels below those consistent with the main- tenance of a minimum standard of living necessary for health and effi- ciency, without tinreasonably curtail- ing opportunities for employment. “Having due regard to the maxi- mum work week standard established * *% the board shall * * * vary such standard upward or downward * * ¢ to the extent that the board finds a variation necessary or appropriate, considering the physical and economic health, ‘efficlercy and well-being of the employes and the number of persons available for employment, — LUGGAGE “Of the Better Grade” Trunks, Bags, Belts o . Wide Variety, Finest Quality. Men's Wardrobe Cases. LUTZ & CO . Established 1804 1325 G St. N.W. NA. 0244 Senator Hugo S. Black (left) of Alabama, chairman of the Senate Labor Committce, reading over the final draft of the pro- posed 40-hour, 40-cent work bill, which has been sanctioned by the President, with Representative William P. Connery, jr., of Massachusetts, chairman of the House Labor Committee. —Underwood & Underwood Photo. without unreasonably curtailing the earning power of the employes. Fair Labor Standards. “Whenever the board shall have reason to- believe that, owing to the inadequacy or ineffectiveness of the facilities for collective bargaining, wages lower than a minimum fair wage are paid to employes in any occupation * ¢ * the board shall con- duct an investigation of the wages paid in such occupation and the value of the services rendered there- for. If the board shall determine that wages lower than a minimum fair wage are paid in such occupation to a substantial extent, or that the payment of such wages by one or more employers in such occupation threat- ens to undermine a fair labor stand- ard maintained by others, and that the establishment of & minimum fair wage in such occupation will not un- reasonably curtail opportunities for employment, the board shall make an order establishing the minimum fair wage for employes in that occupation. In determining and establishing & minimum fair wage for any service or class of service, the board (1) shall take into account the cost of living and all other relevant circumstances affecting the value of the service or class of service rendered, (2) shall be guided by like considerations as would guide a court in a suit for the reasonable value of services rendered where services are rendered at the request of an employer without con- tract as to the amount of the wage to be paid, (3) shall consider the wages established for work of like or comparable character by collective labor agreements negotiated between employers and employes by represent- atives of their own choosing, and (4) shall consider the wages paid for work of like or comparable character by employers who voluntarily main- tain fair wage standards in the occu- pation to be aubject to the order establishing such minimum fair wage; but the board shall not establish & minimum fair wage which in the judgment of the board will give em- ployes receiving not more than such minimum fair wage an annual wage income in excess of $1,200, or an hourly wage in excess of 80 cents ex- cept for overtime, night or extra shift work. In a similar determination of hours “the board (1) shall take into account the relation of the work to the physi- cal and economic health, efficiency and well-being of the employes and all other revelvant circumstances afe fecting the reasonableness of the pe- riod of working time for the work or class of work performed, (2) shall consider the number of persons availe able for employment in the occupa- tion to be subject to the order estab- lishing such maximum reasonable work week, (3) shall consider the hours of employment established for work of like or comparable character by collective labor agreements nego- tiated between employers and em- ployes by representatives of their own choosing, and (4) shall consider the hours of employment for work of like or comparable character maintained by employers who voluntarily main- tain a reasonable work week in the occupation to be subject to the order establishing such maximum reason- able work week. * * * Provision next is made for exemp- tions by declaration of the board in such circumstances as employment of apprentices, persons whose earning capacity is impaired, deductions for board and lodging and overtime em- ployment in peak seasons. PART 8. Section 7 prohibits interstate move- ment of unfair goods or any produced by employes under age of 18. PART 4. Section 9 empowers the board to order elimination of substandard labor conditions where determined. PART 5. Section 12 provides for issuance of labor standard orders after hearings and effective upon publication in the Federal Register, if not otherwise spe- cified. Such an order, if relative to wages, “may contain such terms and conditions as the board may consider necessary or appropriate to prevent the established minimum wage be- coming the maximum wage and to prevent the discharge or reduction in wages of employes receiving more than the established minimum wage; anc it shall be the policy of the board to establish such minimnum wage stand- ards as will affect only those em- ployes in need of legisiative protec- tion without interfering with the vol- untary establishment of appropriate differentials and higher standards for other employes in the occupation to which such standards relate.” Section 13 provides that hearings may be held on the board's own mo- e s e e — GetAcquamted with the ‘“Modern” Mode Glenbrook Tropicals Courtesy Parking N.W. Cor. 12th ond E Sts. For the 15th suc- cessful summer we present this famous hot weather suit. Nothing like it any- where for fit, com- fort and good ap- pearance. You'll be enchanted by the smart modern pat- terns—Glen Plaids, Cable Stripes, Balkan Checks and effec- tive Solid Tones. You may choose a double breasted, single breasted, or sports back model. $19.75 Coat and Trousers Convenient Charge Accounts at bleventh tion “or on the complamt of any la- bor organization or any person hav- ing a bona fide interest (as defined by the board),” Provision is made in section 14 for appointment of advisory committees to aid in determination of minimum wages and maximum work weeks in individual industries, such committees to contain equal representation of em- ployers and employes as well as of the public. In its investigations the board is empowered to issue subpoenas and invoke the power of the courts. An enforcement section follows: “Whenever it shall appear to the board that any person is engaged or about to engage in any act or prac- tice which constitutes or will consti- tute a violation of any provision of this act, or of any provision of any labor standard order, it may in its discretion bring an action in the proper District Court of the United States to enjoin such act or practice and to enforce compliance * * * and upon a proper showing s permanent or temporary injunction or decree or restraining order shall be granted without bond. The board may trans- mit such evidence as may be avail- able concerning such acts or prac- tices to the Attorney General, who, in his discretion, may institute the ap- propriate criminal proceedings under this act. Records, Labels. “Section 17. (a) Every employer subject to any provision of this act or of a labor standard order, and every employer engaged at any stage in the production of goods that are regularly sold or shipped in interstate commerce, shall make, keep and pre- serve for such periods, such records of the persons employed by him, the age of such employes and the wages, hours and other conditions and prac- tices of employment maintained by him as the board shall prescribe. * * * Every such employer shall allow any authorized representative of the board o enter and inspect his place of business or employment and to inspect and make transcripts of any and all books, pay rolls and other records that in any way appertain to or have a bearing upon the conditions of em- ployment prevailing among his em- ployes. Every employer subject to a labor standard order shall keep a copy of such order posted in a conspicuous place in every room in which em- ployes in any occupation subject to such order are employed. “The board may require by regula- tion or by order that any goods sub- Jject to such provision of this act or of such labor standard orde, or pack- ages or other containers containing such goods, shall be plainly and clear- 1y labeled.” * * * Section 18 provides for assistance by the Department of Labor and the Children's Bureau in making investi- gations. By section 21, employes are guar- anteed reparation in money where substandard wages have been paid or overtime hours worked. Such repa- ration is collectable through civil action. Specific reaffirmation of the rights of organization and collective bar- gaining is contained in section 23. Legal validity of an order of the board may be reviewed in a United States circuit court of appeals, section 25 states, but such review is to be limited to questions of law, with the findings of fact by the board to be conclusive. Section 27 provides for penalties of $500 fine or six months’ imprisonment for violations. These maximums are doubled {n cases of “any employer who willfully discharges or in any other manner discriminates against any employe” because such employe has flled any complaint or otherwise par- ticipated in action against the em- Ployer under terms of the act. The concluding section provides that the act shall take effect immedi- ately except that maintenance of no fair labor standard shall become re- quired in less thAn 120 days after passage of the acty WILL END IT OR YOUR MONEY BACK Thousands of cases of Athlete’s Foot that ay, costly special failed to respond to treatments and germicides. have been cle p quickly with $XB. i ntly. In 7 to 1§ yed—skin becomes guarantee. chiropo- e SXB. Not a germicide—3XB is a specific remedy to penetrate and de- stroy the fungus of Athlete’s Foot. -Dr. Otto J. Schmidt, general head of F0G KEEPS SOVIET PLANES FROM POLE Weather Holds Supply Ships Away From Floating Ice Floe for Another Day. BACKGROUND— Seeking weather and climatic in- Jormation to be used in establishing commercial air service between Russia and the United States over the top of the world, group of Rus- sian ezplorers headed by pic- turesque, black-bearded, Dr. Otto J. Schmidt, brought their plane down at the North Pole last Friday. Four of the party will establish base there to make observations, By the Associated Press. MOSCOW, May 25.—8wirling fog clamped down on the Soviet Union’s air and weather base on a drifting ice floe at the top of the world today, forbidding for & day at least the flight of three supply planes from Rudolf Island. Ivan Papanin, commander of the base, reported by radio at 7 am. (midnight Monday, Eastern standard time.) that the sky was ‘‘completely overcast by fog” with visibility limited to 500 meters (1,640 feet). The tem- peratura was 10.4 degrees above zero Fahrenheit. At the Rudolf Island base, about 560 miles from the 13 aeronautical explorers who landed near the pole Friday afternoon, the ceiling was reported less than 300 meters with a dense fog on the ground. It was 14 above zero there. Meterologists had hoped that the polar cyclone which carried the fog would pass by today and enable the apparatus and food-carrying supply ships to complete establishment of the air and ther outpost which the Soviet wishes to use to guide a flight across the pole to the United States. Preparations for this latter dash through the icy backyard of the world were being polished in Moscow by Sigismund Levaneffsky, American- trained pilot. His flight may be the forerunner of regular flying over this route. Meanwhile, graphic details of how the ice floe was turned into a landing ground for the polar pioneers on Fri- day came to light here. The expe- dition made sure of its footing before setting its plane down by dropping cannon balls and paper bags filled with colored powder. The weight of the balls, together with the height from which they were | dropped, had been combined, through preliminary tests here, in a formula to test the thickness and strength of the ice. The bags of powder, burst by im- pact on the ice, showed the direction of the wind. The Arctic blizzard last night was pushing the explorers’ floe, like a vast | raft, westward from the pole toward North America at about half a mile an hour. When the party landed its position was about 122 miles from | the earth's axis. There were detailed preparations to insure the safety of the supply planes. the expedition, said the icebreaker Lenin would stand by at Murmansk to come to the assistance of any get- ting into trouble. i The difficulty facing the supply MEAT PIE has richer, fuller flavor with LEA & PERRINS SAUCE THE ORIGINAL WORCESTERSHIRE Dr. C. A. Jorgenson, Trainer Pittsburgh Pirates says, “I find 3XB perfect for Ath- lete’s Foot and highly rec- ommend it.” R. C. Melosh, writes: “I spent $200, trying to_cure my Athlete’s Foot. Then 3XB did it with just one application.” Soid by A. G. Spalding & Bros, Unity, Peoples and other good druggists. $1.00. commercial - COOLER...LIGHTER...SMARTER It's the 7. Tops in Smart Stra DOBBS S wSs 350 & 5§00 DOBBS PANAMAS FROM 8.00 Sidney Westne14™:G EUGENE C. GOTT, Pres. planes on a flight to the camp were greatly increased, it was disclosed, by damage to the radio of the plane already there. Because of the hazards of navi- gation in the fog and clouds at the pole, the aviators had worked out & system in which the original plane’s radio would operate s beam to guide the supply ships in. ‘The beam, however, was put out of commission when the plane landed on the polar ice ani necessary parts for replacement were not taken along. The three supply planes will have to walt now for good weather to take off. Their pilots will try to pick up ordinary radio messages when they near the camp. At the pole they will drop below the clouds, if possible, and spread out fanwise to find the landing place of the first plane. If that fails, they will select an ice floe as close as pos- sible, land, and then communicate by radio with Dr. Schmidt to deter- mine their positions, —_ FEDERAL OWNERSHIP OF BANKS FAVORED By the Associated Press. Representative Patman, Democrat, of Texas, announced today 155 House members had agreed on legislation for Government ownership of the 12 Fed- eral Reserve Banks. He said the bill would seek to pre- vent injurious expansion and contrace tion of credit and currency, to main- tain a dollar of uniform purchasing power and to “encourage the sound local bank.” Under its provisions the Secretary of the Treausry could acquire all the capital stock of the Federal Reserve Banks held by members of the Re- serve System by establishing for each member surrendering its stock a credit in the Federal Reserve Bank equal to its cash pgid subscription. All banks whose deposits are insured | by the Federal Deposit Insrance Corp. would be eligibfe for all rights and privileges of the Federal Reserve Sys- tem. The legislation, which would become | effective January 1, 1938, would limit | the salary of any officer, director or | employe of any Federal Reserve Bank or the Federal Reserve Board to $25,000 annually. OPPOSES SHIFT . IN PLAYGROUNDS North Capitol Citizens’ As- sociation Hears Protest by Miss Baker. Opposition to transferring control of any playgrounds from the Depart- ment of Playgrounds to the Com- munity Center Department was voiced at the meeting of the North Capitol Citizens’ Association last night in the McKinley High 8chool. Action was taken after Miss Sybil Baker, supervisor of the Department of Playgrounds, spoke against the leg- islative rider now before the Senate. Miss Baker told of plans of the de- partment for enlargement of the present facilities through co-ordina- tion of the four agencies controlling | playgrounds and presented maps showing how the transfer would cur- tail the department's activities. Feeling that there is already enough traffic on North Cadpitol street, the would send through trucks along North Capitol street. » A request that the Traffic Depart- ment make a special study of condi- tions around McKinley High School, with & view to providing regulations for parking and directing of traffic, was passed. The association resolved to opposa the rezoning of the lots at Second and T streets northeast, from resi~ dential to first commercial zones. A move to uppose daylight saving time for the District aroused a brisk discussion, and the motion was tabled. The next meeting of the aasocia- tion will be held the last week of Sep- tember. = German Sociologist to Speak. Dr. Joseph Dunner, German so- ciologist, will discuss “What Is Hape pening in Europe Today” at a meet- ing of Argo Lodge of B'nai B'rith at 8:15 pm. tomorrow at the Jewish Community Center. Leon Katz will preside. . Psychic Message Council GRACE GRAY DELONG Reader and Adviser Psychometry Delineations Daily Hours: 11 AM. to 9 P.M, association opposed that part of Traf- fic Director Van Duzer’s plan which | 5% HOME Telephone MEt. 5234 LoANS 5% District of Columbia, Nearby Maryland and Virginia 3 to 15 Years Also 20-Year Loans On owner-occupied homes, not over 5 years old, payable $6.88 per month per 31,000, including interest and principal. Other plans on monthiy. quarterly or semi-annual payments, inelsding F H A. insured mortgages. RANDALL H. HAGNER & COMPANY INCOBPORATED MomrTGAGE Loan ComrEsroNDENT 1321 Connecticut Avenue N.-W. Telephone DE catur 3600 WHEN WEST HAS A SALE-IT'S A REAL SALE- Double Savings* SIDNEY WESTc 14th and G Sts. Our n SPRING CLEARANCE YEAR 'ROUND WEIGHT SUITS WESTYLE and FRUHAUF Formerly ’35 *40 5045 *65 & 60 WS & 95 &85 L] L] L] . 3 ;D 29 34 . 48 64 NoW .50 .50 9.50 .50 .50 4 .50 %Double Savings, because wholesale costs are soar- ing and these suits are so capably designed and perfectly tailored you'll wear them many seasons! It's our regular stock, regular quality clothing— authentically reduced from former moderate prices. Probably your last chance in many a long day to get clothing of this character at such economical prices. Come in! e TROPICALS EXCEPTED e Sidney Wésf, N 14™e G EUGENE C. GOTT, Pres.