Evening Star Newspaper, July 26, 1936, Page 2

DEATHS IN HEAT *INCREASE 65 PCT Census Bureau Figures Show Damage to Crops Will Be Less. Py the Atsociated Press. Reports that intense heat had caused a 65 per cent increase in the number of deaths in principal cities coincided today with estimates that drought damage to crops would be less than previously forecast. Deaths in 86 large cities during the week ended July 18, the Census Bu- reau said, totaled 12,183, compared with 7,439 in the corresponding week a year ago. Officials attributed the increase to high temperatures. “The week in 1935 was normal with respect to temperature,” the bureau said, “and from the standpoint of mortality the 1936 heat wave was much more severe than the 1934 wave.” Simultaneously, Jesse W. Tapp, chairman of the Inter-departmental Drought Relief Committee, estimated lower drought damage to certain crops than had been indicated by previous surveys. He has just returned from Kansas City. where he conferred with Secretary Wallace on governmental drought relief activities. Telling on Corn Crop. “The drought is beginning to tell on corn crop prospects in Nebraska and Kansas, and the plant is tasseling short in other important regions,” | Tapp said, “but forage feed units us related to live stock numbers appears | still to be very favorable. “Pastures in such States as Tennes- see, where rain fell recently, have Washington Wayside Tales Random Observations of Interesting Events and Things. ANNIE. GIRL named Annie who lives in Nebraska recently sent a post card to the Board of Trade with this terse request: “Please send all details of how to get married in Washington on a Saturday afternoon.” The board obliged as best it could. As to the more or less important de- tail of finding a bridegroom—the board left that up to Annie. * kK X VERDICT. Judge Oscar H. Luhring probably will be long remembered by mem- bers of a jury serving in his court @ hot day or so ago. “If any member of the jury is as warm as I am, he may remove his coat,” said the judge. The jury considered the proposi= tion for a moment, squirmed @ bit in the process, apparently reached a verdict in favor of the conven- tions, and just sat there, being hot and uncomfortable. * ok X X PREFERRED. An operative has it on good author- ity from an employe in the Labor Building that an elevator operator says Secretary Perkins prefers slow, vertical transportation. greened up and renewed the farmer's hopes for carrying his stock. We have received requests from those regions for assistance in providing local feed- ers with thin range cattle for fatten- ing. Amplifying its report, the Census Bureau said the heat deaths were con- centrated in a somewhat different geo- graphical area than in 1934. In that vear deaths occurred largely in Cin- cinnati, Kansas City, Indianapolis, St. Louis, Omaha and other cities in the southern part of the Middle West. Although these same cities showed sharp increases in mortality this year, the bureau reported even greater in- creases for such Northern iiddle West cities as Minneapolis, Detroit, Milwau- kee and Duluth. “The Western Great Lakes region, nvolving Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin were dealt a heavy loss in the recent emergency, with an in- crease of 238 per cent in mortality compared with the corresponding week in 1935,” officials sald. Largest Death Toll. The 13 cities showing the largest increase in the death toll were: Chicago, 1,218 deaths during the week ending July 18 compared with 1083 for the week ending July 28, 1934. Cleveland, 387 compared with 185; Indianapolis, 243—174; St. Louis, 567 —546; Detroit, 673—229; Duluth, 50— 14; Flint, 52—32; Grand Rapids, 77— 36; Milwaukee, 269—100; Minneapolis, 377—110; St. Paul, 248—74; Louls- ville, 159—81; Fort Worth, 51—34. The 12,183 deaths in the week ended July 18 this year compared with 8,851 in the same 86 cities during the week of the most intense heat in 1934. Government drought relief units looked to mext week as a deciding period for many of their activities. Rexford G. Tugwell, Resettlement Administrator, was scheduled to re- turn to Washington over the week end for a series of conferences with the directors of various relief agencies. He has made a two-weeks' survey of possible long-range rehabilitation proj- ects for the Northwest drought sec- tions. The President’s Great Plains Drought Area Planning Committee, of which Tugwell is & member, called con- ferences for tomorrow or Tuesday to ! discuss progress made on reports which | Mr. Roosevelt requested be submitted to him when he visits the Northwest territory late in August. To Talk to President. Harry L. Hopkins, works progress administrator, who also has been on & personal inspection tour of the drought States, was slated to confer with the President at Campobello Island, New Brunswick, on Tuesday. Indications are he will discuss with the Chief Ex- ecutive probable needs for increased allocations of funds for emergency W. P. A. employment. Secretary Wallace was due to return to Washington July 28 from an ex- tended trip through the grain belt and parts of the parched plains region. It is probable, Tapp said, that the Secretary “will define the scope of the proposed Government cattle pur- chase program within the next 10 days if drought damage to grain crops is &ufficiently indicated by that time. RAIN CHECKS DROUGHT. Helps Crops, But Fails to Rout Heat in Entire Area. CHICAGO, July 25 (#)—Rain con- tinued its assault on the drought to- day. Not general enough to rout 100- degree heat from all the grain belt, it covered most of the cron-growing States of Indiana and Illinois with a crop-restoring downpour and reached over to cool Towa. Three inches of water—“enough to drown any drought,” the weather man said at Chicago—drenched the parched earth around Terre Haute, ind., last night. “Pretty good” rains, about an inch of water, were reported in the other two States. A barrage of showers along & broader front was forecast for tonight and tomorrow. The weather man said it would hit most of “North Dakota, parts of South Dakota and Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Towa and Missouri. No Relief in Kansas. No hope of relief was seen for Kansas and Nebraska, which have had no rain for a long time. Tem- peratures in the two States ranged from 100 to 114 yesterday, in protrac- tion of what Meteorologist S. D. Flora called “the worst hot spell Kansas has ever known.” Cooler weather was expected over the week end in the heat-crippled Da- kotas and Northwestern Minnesota. The rains and cool weather pros- pects were only a temporary bearish influence on the Chicago Board of Trade. Corn prices went down, but rallied on reports that the crop would be a failure regardless of rain from now on. Prices Advance Sharply. The following table shows the sharp advance scored in many important farm ocommodity prices in the past five weeks during which drought and heat were important factors. has his ups and downs, his particular down being that the car he runs is so slow prospective passengers almost in- variably are gone before he can reach their floor. “But,” he brightens conversation- ally, “the Secretary likes this one.” * ok ok X SURPRISE. YOU really do not have to join the Navy to see the world, if the Navy will forgive one of our opera- tives for saying so. You can do almost as well, indeed, 5y joining a wealthy family headed for a vacation. A Washington fam- ily North-bound provides a case in point. Knowing that servants would be difficult to get—that is to say, the kind of servants they wanted—the wife took along a cook whose travels and knowledge of geography were |both a little on the short side. Gloucester was the destination and the family arrived at night. The next morning, the cook was found standing at one of the win- dows instead of her appointed posi- tion in the kitchen, “For heaven's sake, Mrs. H.,” she they had an ocean up here. T thought they only had one at Coney Island.” * x * % G-(WHIZ)-MEN! IN ONE of our exclusive neighbor- hoods a well-known Washington family, on vacation, had rented the house for the Summer. By a coinci- four G-men, reckoned among Mr. Hoover's best. With such adequate protection on hand, a woman mem- ber of the landlord-family who has to remain in town during the Sum- | mer, thought it safe to stay at the old manse. But what was her surprise the other early morning to be awakened by the stumblings and mumblings of a stranger in the upper hall! Well dressed, the intruder was noisely trundling a suit case and did not seem to realize his predicament, even when accosted by the woman. “I'm 80 sleepy,” he murmured, “I can't find & vacant bed—what are all those men doing in those beds?” Suddenly it dawned on the woman! There had been a neighborhood wed- ding and this was one of the cele- brating guests who had evidently mis- taken the house where he was to put up. Down the street one dwell- ing still showed lights. With great dificulty the woman induced the baggaged stranger to seek the other address, He finally did so, though loathe to forsake a vacant couch which he espied in the corner. But the strangest part of this whole story is that the G-Men slept through it all! ® ok X % SIGN. According to Miss Joy Lewis, the telephone company seems to be the only one netting a profit out of a grocery store in the 1400 block of Irving street. What's more, ac- cording to Miss Lewis, the grocer is none too happy about the situation. By way of acquainting the cus- tomers of the public pay station phone with the real nature of his business, the proprietor has put a sign _on the booth which reads: “This is @ grocery store, t00, * x X X% LIGHTS. 'I‘!E wife of a public school execu- tive has little sympathy for the absent-minded motorist who drives after dark -without turning on his lights. One evening recently she cried “Lights!” in a rather irritated tone to three such offenders. ;l‘;he third motorist pulled up and said: “Thanks a lot, lady, and how about turning your own lights on?” The prices were Chicago market quo- tations. Commodity Price Today Mid-June 87% 62 25% B7% 2%, Cheese, Hogs, top.. Cattle, bulk... Said elevator operator admits he | greeted her mistress, “I never knew | dence the temporary tenants were | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ¢, JULY 26, 193—PART ONE.’ Smiles at Death Yerdict COUGHLIN INTEND N0 CURTAILMENT Will Continue His Campaign Activities for Lemke “In 24 States.” By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, July 25—The Rev. Charles E. Coughlin, Detroit radio priest, said tonight he intended “no curtailment” of his activities in the presidential campaign as a result of the perturbation his attacks on Presi- dent Roosevelt had created within the Catholic church. ‘The priest saild he expected to take the stump for Representative William Lemke, Union party candidate for President, “in 24 States,” beginning tomorrow at & home-coming celebra- tion for the Representative at Hankin- son, N. Dak. Arriving here by plane from Buffalo, N. Y., on his way to Fargo, N. Dak,, Father Coughlin asserted “there never was anything” to reports that Pope Pius might censure him for the ad- dress in which Coughlin called Presi- dent Rocsevelt a “liar.” “The newspapers have been made the laughing stock of the whole Catholic Church,” he said. “If there were to be a communication to Rome, it would not be a telephone call, it would be a letter triply sealed.” He referred here to reports that there had been a telephone call be- tween Detroit and Rome after Amer- ican prelates had described the Vati- can as “pained” at the “liar” episode, for which the priest later apologized. The apology, Wwhich appeared quickly on the heels of Father Cough- lin's _admission that his immediate superior, Bishop Gallagher, had up- braided him, “was written over a week ago,” Coughlin asserted. BISHOP DEFENDS PRIEST. Declares Coughlin Under His Jurisdic- tion, Not Vatican's. By the Associated Press. Gallagher of Detroit asserted tonight | that Father Charles E. Coughlin's political activity is a matter “entirely of my own supervision and not one in which the Vatican would take any initiative.” “I have no complaint against Father Coughlin for his political activities and approve much of his argument,” the bishop said. “There is absolutely no controversy between Father Cough- lin and myself.” The bishop declared he would tell Pope Pius—if the Pontiff, as supreme head of the Catholic Church, should inquire about the priest—“Father Coughlin speaks for the people.” The ecclesiastical head of the dio- cese of Detroit, on his arrival in Rome from Naples, defended Father Cough- | lin's right to engage in political dis- | cussions and also personally indorsed | the priest's views. | Denies Vatican Intervention. “I cannot speak against Father | Coughlin,” he said in denying the Vat- |ican had intervened in the contro- versy resulting from the priest'’s char- | acterization of President Roosevelt as a “liar,” a declaration for which the priest later publicly apologized. Father Coughlin is against Presi- dent Roosevelt, the bishop declared, because the President “did not keep faith with his promises.” “The head of all priests in the dio- cese of Detroit,” Bishop Gallagher said, “is myself. It must, therefore, be for myself to make observations about Father Coughlin, not the Va ican.” Declares Trip “for a Rest.” When his ship docked at Naples earlier, the bishop declared he had come to Italy “absolutely for a rest.” “Above all the trip gives me an op- portunity to visit the Pope upon the eightieth year of life. “I have always sought during my life not to engage in politics. This I will continue to do. Even less do I intend to occupy myself with politics on this trip.” Of his subordinate, the radio priest, he said: “He said some very just things and very acute things, and because his priestly mission is exactly that, he is occupying himself with the needs of the' people.” Has Two Companions. The Detroit bishop was accom- panied by Bishop Joseph Shrembs of Cleveland, Ohio, and Msgr. Joseph A. Breslin, vice rector of the American College. The bishop acknowledged that some of Father Coughlin’s radio addresses, in the “fervor of discourse,” may have included “advanced and excessive per- sonal expression.” “But this was a small defect,” he emphasized, “which in no way may destroy the value of all of Father Coughlin's realy worth-while work.” “In a moment when the peril of communism weighs heavily through- out the world, even in the United States,” Bishop Gallagher asserted, “it is really a great good that Father Coughlin has lifted so high, and so efficaciously, a voice to make the people remember that only in the social teachings of the church lie real security and safety for every nation.” COUGHLIN PLEASED. Radio Priest Predicts Deadlock fin Electoral College. BUFFALO, N. Y, July 25 (A)— Father Charles E. Coughlin expressed happiness tonight over the statement of his ecclesiastical superior, the Right Rev. Michael Gallagher, Bishop of De- trolt, who said in Rome that he “could not speak against Father Coughlin.” “Bishop Gallagher,” Father Cough= lin said, “went to Rome for a vaca- tion, just as he has done for years.” Turning to_ other subjects, Father Coughlin predicted that an electoral college deadlock ‘would force the elec- tion qf & President and Vice President into the laps of Congress. ‘The Detroit radio priest told news- paper men that the Union party and its candidate for the presidency, Representative Willlam Lemke of North Dakota, would gain enough electoral votes to keep either the Re- publican or the Democratic parties from a majority of votes in the elec- toral college. “The Republican party is rapidly qaulifying for a place in the museum,” he said. “As for the Democratic party, it has altered the spelling of its name until it is now spelled ‘socialism.’ You've got to take it as a joke.” The Union party, he said, did not expect to offer a gubernatorial candi- date in New York State, but would work, nevertheless, to defeat Gov. Lehman. “One reason for Gov. Lehman's de- lut'll]beflnl!!chhxnh."%: ROME, July 25—Bishop Michael | occasion of his celebration of his | Capitol DomeGone! ’Twas on a Model So Park Men Grin Souvenir Hunter Takes Cap From Exhibit at Texas Exposition. The National Capital Park and Planning Commission can take it! The commission proved that yester- day when the news that the United States Capitol dome had been stolen from under the eyes of Federal guards brought forth only a series of shrugs from commisison officials. ‘The theft was reported officially yes- terday to the Interior Department by its representatives at the Texas Cen- tennial Exposition. And by way of warning, this is not a publicity yarn. “It is with much regret,” G. Law- rence Kibler, Dallas representative, writes, “that I have to advise you that the dome of the Capitol Building in the model of the central area of Washington in the Park and Planning Commission’s exhibit has apparently been taken by a visitor, who wished & souvenir of distinction.” Another dome was shipped immedi- ately as a replacement. Steps are being taken to inclose the exhibit with & glass case. PEIFER CONVIGTED INKIDNAP TRIAL Accused as “Finger Man” in Hamm Case—Sentence Is Deferred. By the Associeted Press. ST. PAUL, July 25.—A Federal court jury tonight convicted John P. (Jack) Peifer, night club owner, on a charge of conspiracy in the $100,000 kidnaping of William Hamm, jr, St. Paul brewer. The jury. composed of 11 men and 1 woman, reached its verdict nearly | 25 hours after it received the case at 6:23 p.m. (Central standard time) | Friday. The jury agreed at 7:10 p.m., after 10 hours and 10 minutes of actual deliberations. Federal Judge M. M. Joyce, who had announced he would receive a verdict up to 9 p.m. today and until the same hour Sunday, if necessary, was sum- moned from his home in Minneapolis. Peifer, named as the “finger man" in the abduction, had been indicted as one of seven conspirators. He was the only one who stood trial, after | four had pleaded guilty. They were Alvin Karpis, one-time America's “public enemy No. 1”; Charles (Big Fitz) Fitzgerald. Los Angeles. who as he seized him on June 15, 1933; Edmund C. Bartholmey, in whose home the brewer was imprisoned for four days at Bensenville, Ill, and Byron Bolton, reputed machine gunner for | the Barker-Karpis mob. | and Elmer Farmer, are serving terms |in Alcatraz Prison for the $200,000 | kidnaping of Edmund G. Bremer, St. Paul benker, and were not brought to trial. Barker is under life imprison- ment and Farmer, former Bensenville, Il tavern keeper, is serving & 20- year term. Sentence was deferred by Judge Joyce until next Wednesday and the defendant released on the same bond of $100,000. Immediately after the reading of the verdict, George F. Sullivan, United | States district attorney. moved that the defendant be taken into custody. The | motion was opposed by Archie M. Cary, chief defense counsel. Judge Joyce permitted the defendant to be released on the same bond. The verdict was received without any show of emotion by the defendant, who was seated beside his wife. Tried under the Lindbergh kidnap- | ing law, Peifer faces a penalty rang- ing up to life imprisonment, the term being discretionary with the court. Cary said he would file a motion for a new trial and, if that is denied, he would appeal. Federal authorities said the four who pleaded guilty would be sen- tenced at the same time as Peifer. undercurrent of resentment against him because of this action, which will result, in turn, in a popular veto of his administration. “And thirdly, there is the fact that he is too closely identified with the little street down in New York at the end of which they used to sell slaves.” Father Coughlin came here to ad- dress his follnwers.ln an open-air rally 1at Hamburg, Buffalo suburb, this | afternoon. There he opposed the re- election of Representative James M. Mead, Buffalo Democrat. He pledged the support of his National Union of Social Justice to Anthony J. Fitz- gibbons, Buffalo Republican. In his address Father Coughlin as the “greatest Governor New York State has ever had,” but said, “I can't see how he could swallow the parrot feed of Hearst and Landon any more than he could fly the At- lantic with arms as wings.” CARDINAL AMONG CRITICS Political Discussions of Coughlin Brought Bitter Attack. DETROIT, July 25 () —Reitera- tion by Bishop Michael J. Gallagher in Naples today of his support of Father Charles E. Coughlin was ac- cepted by associates of the priest here as further indication the bishop will continue, even at the Vatican, the vigorous and steadfast backing he has accorded his subordinate over the last decade. The priest’s radio discussions of po- litical and economic subjects have won him both bitter ecriticism and freely voiced approval. Among his critics have been Willlam Cardinal O’Cofinell, Archbishop of Boston, and Rev. Edward V. Dargin, canonist of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York. Cardinal O'Connell, in April, 1932, criticized Father Coughlin for attack- ing the rich and “uttering demagogic stuff for the poor” when “the church was meant for all.” He added that through the radio “individual priests try to speak to the whole world. That is all wrong. Let him (Father Cough- lin) speak to his own parish; his own people.” Father Coughlin, in a subsequent radio address approved by .Bishop Gallagher, referred to Cardinal O'Con- nell as a “prelate for 40 years no- torious for his silence on social jus- tice” and accused the cardinal of ignoring the encyclicals of Pope XIII and Pope Plus XI. Canonist Dargin ment asserting it Bishop pretended to shake hands with Hamm | Two others, Arthur (Doc) Barker | praised former Gov. Alfred E. Smith | fyss. PRESS SUMMONED TO LIBERTY FIGHT Hanson Tells Virginians U. S. Has Alternative of Dictatorship. By ire Associated Press. OLD POINT COMFORT, Va. July 25.—Elisha Hanson, general counsel for the American Newspaper Pub- lishers’ Association, told the Vir- ginia Press Association here tonight that America stands at the cross- I'rmds. “where one path leads us back to liberty and the other to a dictator- ship.” Speaking on “the press-bulwark of our liberty,” at a banquet concluding the Virginia publishers’ Midsummer meeting, he declared the decision which the people must make is whether they can and will govern themselves or must be governed. “The issue is clearly betw%een per- sonal liberty, embracing the right to own and to acquire private property on one hand, and an illusion of economic security, accompanied by an actual destruction of all individual rights and privileges, including the right of property,” Hanson said. No Liberty Without Free Press. Declaring “our forefathers fought to lay down the doctrine that a free people were entitled to have a press, free from any form of restraint,” he sald that without a free press there could be no liberty. He cited the action of Louisiana publishers in resisting a tax on the advertising revenues of papers which had criticized Huey Long, a decision of the Supreme Court in a case in- volving injunction proceedings against a Minnesota paper, and the press’ fight for a guarantee of their rights under the national recovery act as landmarks in the defense of “the con- stitutional principle” which “now would seem to be thoroughly safe- | guarded from attacks by Government | or governmental agencies.” | He recalled that John Stewart Bry- | an, publisher of the Richmond News Leader, served as a member of the committee that preserved the “doc- | trine that the Government is with- out power to abridge the freedom of the press.” Propaganda was Urged. “If it be conceded,” he continued, “that any agency of the Government has the right to compel a newspaper or even the right to try to compel a newspaper to maintain in its em- ploy either a news or editorial writer in whom it has lost confidence, what- ever the reason may be for that loss, then the Government will have been provided a means through which it | may exercise a direct control over the “ga!hermg and dissemination of ine | formation and the expression of opin- ion by the press.” While the press must be vigilant | to resist direct efforts to restrict it, it should be equally alert to the effort to control its columns through prop- aganda “from whatever source prop- ‘.agandn comes,” he asserted. The association at a morning busi- ness session re-elected Maj. Raymond | Bottom, publisher of the Newport | News Daily Press and Times-Herald, | president and also renamed other of- ficers for new terms. They are: Sen- ator C. J. Harkrader, publisher of the Bristol Herald Courier and News Bulletin, vice president for dailies; Pres Atkins, publisher of the Norton Coalfield Progress, vice president for the weeklies: George O. Green, pub- lisher of the Clifton Forge Review, treasurer, and Robert B. Smith, secre- tary-manager. TOSCANINI WIELDS BATON AT SALZBURG Audience Acclaims Conductor and Singers as Festival Opens With “Fidelio.” Ey the Associated Press. SALZBURG, Austria, July 25.—Salz- burg’s famous annual music festival opened tonight with Arturo Toscanini conducting the opera “Fidelio% to the acclaim of a cheering audience. The opera house was filled to ca- pacity, with many Americans among the cosmopolitan group that paid dear- ly for the privilege. Some tickets reportedly sold for up- ward of 200 shillings—four times the box-office price. A similar scale was apparent in charges by taxis, hotels and tradesmen. | Continuing applause greeted the Italian maestro, Toscanini; the Vien- | nese soprano, Lotte Lehman, as Le- nora; the Hungarian, Koloman Ta-| tacky, as Florestan, and the Austrian, | Lithar Wallerstein, producer. Just two years ago today, some in the audience, recalled, the premiere audience was locked in by armed guards fearing a Nazi revolt after the slaying of Chancellor Engelbert Doll- FARMERS DUMP MILK IN COOLING PLANTS | Picketing Augmented in Louisi- ana Area as Result of Price ‘War Incident. By the Associated Press. NEW ORLEANS, July 25—Milk farmers seeking higher prices for their product entered cooling plants at Hammond and Tangipahoa today and dumped 150 gallons of milk in- tended for shipment to New Or- leans. There was no conflict with the cooling plant managers. The incident augmented picketing activities among organized producers on roads leading to New Orleans. New Orleans milk distributors to- day looked fo other channels for their supply. The boycott was called last night by producers in the Florida parishes of Louisiana above New Orleans and several South Mississippi counties, because the New Orleans distributors would not agree to pay an increase in price of from $1.85 to $2.32 per hundredweight. — Germany May Pay Claims. NEW YORK, July 25 (#).—Robert W. Bonynge, American agent on the Mixed Claims Commission, tonight reported as “very satisfactory” con- ferences he held recently with Ger- man officials regarding possible ypay- ment of more than $50,000,000 in claims against Germany growing out of the Black Tom and Kingsland, N. J. explosions and fire of 1916 and 1917, Bonynge said he would go to Washe ington tomorrow to report to offi- clals d!\- State Department. Robert S. James, the “marrying barber,” was smiling and cheerful at Los Angeles yesterday ajfter hearing a jury’s verdict of wife, Mrs. Mary Bush James. uilty in his trial for the snake bite-drowning murder of his —Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. Reciprocal Trade Pact Results Indicate Boost to Commerce U. S. Begins to Feel Effects of Adminis- tration Policy as Exports and Im- ports Are Stimulated. Reciprocal trade agreements, ne= gotiated by the Democratic admin- istration, have become an issue in the present campaign, the Repub- lican platform favoring repeal of the law under which they were concluded. This series of articles attempts to present the results of the treaties as indicated by avail- able figures on foreign commerce. The series is not presented as an argument for or against the treaties. The article which follows is the first of the series. BY CRESTON B. MULLINS. For more than two years the Roose- velt administration has been engaged in a program of recovery through stimulation of foreign commerce by means of tariff reductions. American business. agriculture and industry, according to available figures, are already feeling the effects of this policy, a major issue in the presidential campaign. Republicans at Cleveland declared unequivocally for repeal of the re- ciprocal trade act of 1934, under which the State Department has concluded 14 agreements with foreign countries for mutual reduction of tariffs. Their claim is that the American farmer | | has paid heavily in competition from importations of foreign foodstuffs. The Democrats replied at Philadel- |phia by reaffirming the reciprocal | trade principle as a canon of the New Deal, hailing the agreements as a stimulus to American industry and a source of jobs for American labor and farmers. Commerce Flow Is Objective. The New Deal trade program Is simply the lowering of American tariffs in return for similar conces- sions on the part of other nations and a mutual pledge of equality of treatment. Its objectives are: 1. To break the log jam in inter- national trade by leading in removal of barriers to commerce; 2. To reopen foreign markets for the products of American industry and agriculture; 3. To facilitate the importation of raw materials and partially manufac- | tured goods in order to encourage em- ployment of American labor in the final fabrication of these goods. The first is being achieved grad- ually, as other trading nations hesi- tate to forsake direct barter for un- restricted exchange of goods and services. That the second and third are being realized each day is suggested, if not finally demonstrated, from the progress of American export and import trade the past two years. That the United States has had to pay for this by opening its markets to foreign competitive products also is clear. But the increased value of “competitive” imports does not ap- proach the value of increased exports. It was for these three purposes that the reciprocal trade act was passed by Congress and approved by the President, June 12, 1934, amending the Hawley-Smoot tariff act of 1930 by addition of authorization for: 1. Negotiation by the President of trade agreements with foreign gov- ernments; and 2. Withdrawal from countries dis- criminating against American com- merce of tariff reductions provided for in various trade agreements nego- tiated under this act. Reductions Limited. The 1934 act reaffirmed the Presi- dent's power—granted in the 1930 tariff act—to raise or lower duties as much as 50 per cent, and it was under this authorization that the tariff changes in reciprocal agree- ments have been effected. The President’s authority to con- clude reciprocal agreements was given for three years; thus, he has one year more in which to carry out the remainder of negotiations, intention for which has been declared. The aims of the legislation are ex- pounded at the head of the act: “(a) For the purpose of expanding foreign markets for the products of the United States (as & means of assisting in the present emergency in restoring the American standard of living, in overcoming domestic unem- ployment and the present economic depression, in increasing the purchas- ing power of the American public, and in establishing and maintaining & better relationship among - various branches of American agriculturé, in- dustry, mining and commerce) by regulating the admission of forelgn goods into the United States in ac- ttfd!r with the characteristics and Y needs of various branches of Ameri- can production so that foreign mar- | kets will be made available to those 3branches of American production | which require and are capable of de- veloping such outlets by affording corresponding market opportunities for foreign products in the United States, the President, whenever ¢ * ¢, | ete.” Aecordingly President Roosevelt has | concluded agreements with Cuba, Bel- | gium, Haiti, Sweden, Brazil, Canada, | Netherlands and its Indies, Switzer~ land, Honduras, Colombia, Nicaragua, Guatemala, France and Finland, the last not yet in effect. Intention has been expressed to do so with Spain, Italy, Costa Rica and Salvador. Study | of possibilities for other agreements is | going forward meanwhile. Few Effective for Long. Only six agreements have been in effect six months or more, which nar- rowly limits the possibilities of draw- ing accurate conclusions for the entire program. The 14 countries listed | above account for more than a third of the total trade of the United States, agreements not yet having been sought | with such important countries as | Great Britain, Germany, Argentina, China and Japan. With Soviet Russia there is an arrangement in force guaranteeing her most-favored-nation treatment ‘wxm respect to reciprocal tariff re- | ductions in return for a promise to buy at least $30,000.000 of American goods in a year. This was recently | renewed after a year of operation. | Although not negotiated under the reciprocal trade act of 1934, the agree- ment and its results are attributable directly to the reciprocal trade pro- enter it by fear that a 50 per cent slash in manganese ore tariffs, granted Brazil, might jeopardize her premier position as a supplier of this material to the American steel industry. Although clear-cut findings on the effect of the agreements cannot be expected, it is possible to make cer- tain generalizations based upon groups cate the trend. Summarized, these | results appear as follows: 1. Exports of American industry | have been stimulated. 2. Labor has drawn the greatest benefit, inasmuch as the gains in ex- ports have been centered in finished manufactures. 3. Imports also have been stimu- lated. Imports Fill Needs. 4. Expansion of imports has been chiefly in classes of goods in which we are deficient—raw materials and semi-manufactures — rather than competitive articles. Increases in raw or partly manufactured goods, far from indicating greater competition with American labor indicate a rising tide of industrial prosperity, for ac- celerating industry must have growing supplies of materials. Although tariff reductions have been granted by the United States on com- modities of which agreement countries have appeared to be principal sup- pliers, in some instances, third coun- tries have enjoyed greater benefits than the countries for which they were intended. Expanded exportation has not oc- curred in every commodity on which the United States has received re- duced tariffs or increased quotas. Nu- merous cases of contracted exporta- tion exist, in spite of favorable con- ditions created by the trade agree- ments. In specific agreements, duty reduce tions have brought more goods into the United States than they have sent out. CURIOS AUCTIONED Col. Miller Seeks to Save 101 Ranch “White House.” PONCA CITY, Okla., July 25 (#).— Paintings, household furnishings, relics and curies went for pittances today as Co). Zack Miller auctioned off most of the furnishings of the 101 Ranch “white house.” $2,000 for an appeal bond in his fight to save the “white house” from fore- closure sale. He did not say whether he had raised the money, but appar- ently had. A group of seven pictures by Emil w. , famous Western painter who died three years ago, brought $700, and a picture of White Eagle, gram because Russia was impelled to of statistics which do definitely indi- | He said he was trying to raise| TORTURE SLAYER GUARDED IN CELL Razor Blade Found Con- vinces Officers James Seeks to Kill Self. By the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, July 25.—Convinced Robert James intended to cheat the gallows with a razor blade found in his pocket, officers carefully guarded to- night the green-eyed barber, convicted of drowning his seventh wife after tor- turing her with a rattlesnake. “We took it from him,” Jailer Clem Peoples sald in answer to the red. haired James’ insistence that he vol- untarily gave up the blade. James, whose sentence next Tuesday must be death by hanging, was quoted by bailiffs during the bizarre murdel trial which ended in conviction lasi night as saying: “If I had a good straight razor, ] would save the State a lot of trouble.” Peoples asserted that guards found the blade in James' blue denim jaij jacket after his hints of suicide had prompted a vain search of the bed clothing in his cell. The State charged during the James trial that he killed his fifth as well seventh wife for insurance-collecting metives and yesterday his confessec associate, Charles Hope, said James had attempted to kill him after the bath tub drowning of Mary James, wife No. 7. Shunned by other inmates of the jail the 38-year-old James expressed no qualms about his prospective fate, F. B. I. BARES PLOT AIMED AT 11 MEN Extortion Notes Threatened Lives and Homes—One Ar- rested. By the Associated Press. EVERETT, Wash, 25.—De- | partment of Justice agents, working | with Everett police, today announcec | they had uncovered an extortion plot in which the lives and homes of at least 11 Everett business men wer¢ threatened. Agents said the 11 received lettery threatening to blow up their homes injure them physically and “expose’ them unless $1,000 was paid. Police arrested Earl Christensen 28-year-old paper mill worker, whc was formally charged with attempte- extortion and released on $1.500 bail The complaint charges Christense | with attempting to extort money fror | Willlam H. Hartford, a business man Acting Police Chief Chester Da | said 10 other persons had receive identical letters. | Christensen was quoted by age: | as saying, “I lost all my money gem- | bling and wrote letters, picking th | nemes from a telephone directory.” QUINTUPLETS’ BROTHER CHRISTENED OLIVA, JR. Twelfth Dionne Child Recsives | Name—Mother Able to Be About as Usual. July By the Associated Press. CORBEIL, Ontario, July 25.—Th: | little brother of the Dionne quintup- |lets was christened today in the Cor- | beil parish church and received the name Joseph Oliva Robert Telesphore | Dionne. He will be called Oliva, Jr. The baby, born July 9, is the third son and twelfth child of the Dionnes Mrs. Dionne is now able to be about as usual, following her confinement. Father Hector Legros of Ottawa, cousin of Mrs. Dionne, officiated at the christening ceremony, which was wit- nessed by the parents and a few inti. mate friends. The sponsors were Telesphore De- mers, Mrs. Dionne’s uncle, and Miss Delia Charette of Callander, the nurse who attended the mother. The baby was carrifed by a sister of Father Legros. | CANDY COMPANY HEAD BEATEN WITH BALL BAT Assailant Flees in Taxi—Attack Occurs Near Closed Plant. By the Associated Press. CHATTANOOGA, Tenn.. July 25— Sanford A. Bennett. president of th~ Bennett-Hubbard Candy Co. which has been the scene of strike disorder for nearly two months, was beaten over the head with a base ball bat late today by an unidentified assail. ant who escaped in a taxicab. The attack took place at the door of a drug store near the strike picketed plant. Doctors said that the patient would be able to be out in a week or 10 days, barring complications. Police arrested a taxicab driver they said had admitted driving the unidentified assallant. HOMES ENDANGERED Canadians Prepare to Flee Ad- vancing Forest Fires. CALGARY, Alberta, July 25 (#).— Settlers in Western Canada prepared to move from their homes today as forest fires spread along the banks of the Highwood River, in a densely~ wooded valley 55 miles west of High River. Scores of men were rushed into the fire belt. Isolated since Thursday, 56 fire fighters at the summit of Middle Kootenay Pass, near the Alberta- British Columbia boundary, were still cut off from their base camp, but had & plentiful food supply. Flames also menaced Northern Sas- katchewan timberland. 24 DOUSED IN HARBOR STAMFORD, Conn., July 25 (#).— Twenty-four persons waiting to in=- spect two war vessels sent here in connectipn with the State convention of Forelgn War Veterans were thrown into Stamford Harbor today from & temporary float which parted moor=- ings holding it to a small wharf. Two 14-year-old boys found thems selves neck-deep after the accident, but for the most part the men and ‘women on the float were in water up to their hips. All were waiting to be taken aboard the United States Navy destroyer Gilmer and the cruiser New Orleans, anchored 3 miles off the harbor in de chief of the Ponca Indians, mo,\ Long Island Sound.