Evening Star Newspaper, September 1, 1935, Page 2

» THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 1, 1935—PART ON GUFFEY BILL TEST LAUNCHED IN SUIT D. C. Supreme Court Orders U. S. to Appear in In- junction Move. Only 24 hours after President Roosevelt signed the Guffey-Snyder coal control bill, the “constitutionality and economic soundness” of the measure was attacked yesterday in District Supreme Court. The complaint, lodged by Prederick H. Wood of New York as counsel for James Walter Carter of Stevenson, Md., president of the Carter Coal Co. of Virginia and West Virginia, asked the court to enjoin enforcement of the act and its regulations. Chief Justice Alfred A. Wheat signed an order, returnable Septem- ber 16, citing Government officials, the coal company and its officers to show cause why an injunction should not be issued restraining them from carrying out the act’s provisions. Wood, a member of the firm of | Cravatt, De Gersdorf, Swaine & Wood, was counsel in the Schechter case which resulted in the Supreme Court decision invalidating N. R. A. He also was among the counsel for the Government in the gold clause cases that the Government won. Specifically, Carter acting as a stockholder, asked the court to re- strain his own company from com- plying with the act. He also sought to restrain the Government from en- forcing the act as far as that company was concerned. Independent Suit. Wood told reporters the suit was | independent, “although we know that | there are many other operators whose | attitude is just the same as ours, and who want to test the law.” The suit attacked as unconstitu- tional, particularly, the 15 per cent gross sales tax on coal producers, with a 90 per cent rebate for those pro- ducers complying with the act’s mar- keting provisions. “The purpose of the act on its face is thus to compel all members of the industry to subject the conduct of their business to Federal regulation by the imposition of this penalty,” Wood said in a statement. “It thus represents an effort on the part of Congress to do indirectly that which the court held the N. R. A. case it could not do directly. “Orderly Test” is Goal. “Throughout its course in Congress, the bill was recognized to be of doubt- | ful constitutionality. The object of | the bill filed by Mr. Carter is to bring about an orderly test of this question.” The measure, officially known as the | bituminous coal conservation act of 1935, was rushed through both Houses of Ccugress in the closing days of the session as one of the administration’s “must” bills. As an effort to restore the defunct bituminous coal code of N. R. A. and head-off a threatened strike of bituminous coal miners suc- cessively postponed since last June, the bill was occasion for the now me- morable letter from President Roose- velt to Representative Samuel B. Hill, Democrat, of Washington, chairman of a subcommittee of the House Ways and Means Committee, charged with initial consideration of the bill. In his letter the President suggested that the question of the constitution- | ality of the measure should not deter its consideration by Congress. The Hill subcommittee passed the respon- zibility on to the full membership of the Ways and Means group, after which the bill finally was brought up in the House and passed, an action subsequently concurred in by the Senate. Cite Bankruptcy Threat. Briefly, the suit alleges the Carter Coal Co. “intends to comply with the law and become a member of the code,” although its officers and direc- tors believe the result will be serious damage to its business, the sole reason for such compliance being that the 15 per cent tax imposed on Rron-code members would ruin the business of the company and possibly force it into bankruptcy. The suit attacks the act as an at- tempt by the Federal Government to regulate intrastate commerce by means of penalty tax and charges that the tax makes it pactically obligatory on coal companies to join the proposed code, an N. R. A. for the coal indus- try, and agree to the tion of their prices, hours of labor and wages by the methods provided for in the act. It charges that the Carter Coal Co. by joining the code would abdi- cate ii. power over its own business and that the effect of the code regu- lations would be to increase the costs of the company so that it could no longer sell coal profitably. Thus, in bringing the suit Carter proceeds as a stockholder as the result of action of the Board of Directors of company August 30, when it was formally voted to accept the code of fair competition provided in the new act and comply with its provisions, with the understanding of the direc- tors that “proper officers of company” were authorized to take the court test action, Summary of Challenge. ‘The challenge of the act's consti- tutionality was summarized by the following clause in the bill of com- plaint: “l. The said act is, in purpose, in essence and on its face, an attempt to regulate matters not committed to the Federal Government by the Con- stitution, by means of the granting or withholding of a heavy penalty called a tax, and it cannot be sus- tained as an exercise of the taxing power of the Federal Government. “2. The said act cannot be sus- tained under the commerce clause since the regulations to which Carter Coal Co. must submit as a condition to the forbearance of the tax consti- tutes regulation of its activity in the conduct of its wholly intrastate busi- ness as aforsaid, the regulation of which does not constitute a regulation ©of commerce among the several States. “3. The said act is violative of the tenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States in that it con- stitutes an invasion by the Federal Government of fields of regulation reserved by that amendment to the States or to the people. “4, The said act is violative of the fifth amendment to the Constitution of the United States in that: “(a) It attempts to deprive Carter Coal Co., without due process of law, Protection of Society ment, but Par Editor’s Note: Rigid Laws Crime Cur Demands Imprison- ole Effective. This is the last in a series of seven articles on crime and is control written by the joremost cuthorities on the cause and combating of erime, in co-operation with the National Committee on Public Education for Crime Control. BY SANFORD BATES, Director, Bureau of Prisons, United States Department of Justice. NE fundamental principle shoul crime. The community is ent O end in view. ‘We can insist upon a vigorous and racketeer and the kidnaper, and yet® realize that there are almost as many kinds of criminals as there are vari- eties of human beings. Probation should be availed of only where its use may be fairly expecter' in the long run to protect society, where its effect would be to salvage humanity for future usefulness at less expense than if the individual were sent to jail or prison. A judge, upon finding an offender guilty, must do something with him.!| ‘The hundreds of thousands oI persons Xoupd gullty each year of minor crimes cannot all be sent to prison and they should not be turned loose without control. Probation provides tne an-| swer. It is constructive rather than | destructive, It is economical ana 1t is humane. Protection as Purpose. Our prisons should not be conauct- ! ed in the interests of tne prisoner, but solely with the thought in mind Ot protecting our communies. our, first duty is to restrain the inmates and prevent their escape. Our secona duty is by the imposition of & rigid discipline to deter others trom com- | mitting crime. In these two efforts it is generally | felt that the prisons of the country have succeeded. But the point is being made with increasing emphasis that our prisons fail because they do not entirely protect our com- munities if men who must eventually be discharged are turned out worse and more desperate than when they went in. Thus we find ourselves com- pelled to engage in the very difficult | task of at once punishing men and | at the same time improving their characters and capabilities. ‘We must contrive to keep the dan- gerous man in prison as long as the protection of the community demands such action, but we must not hesitate to let the reformable prisoner out be- fore that time arrives when he has lost the ability or the desire to live | a law-abiding life. This is the reason | for the demand that men in prison be kept busy at some productive task, that they be taught the rudiments of American citizenship, that the physical, mental and moral handi- caps and maladjustments be removed. In the pursuit of this program no one need fear that the prisons of the country are becoming places of pleasant sojourn. There are enough riots, escapes, intrigues and solicita- tion of political pressure among the prisoners to reassure us that most of them are not being coddled into amount of protection which the Government, both State and Fed- eral, can afford. All our campaigns should be conducted with that | loose after long periods of idleness and d govern our policies in dealing with itled to and must receive the utmost severe treatment of the gangster, the SANFORD BATES, Director of the Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice. degeneration. Our plea is that prison punishment | should be scientific, intelligent and protective. This does not mean leni- ency of treatment. We are prepared to demonstrate that reformatory treatment is in the long run protec- tive. An essential and logical element in this process is the establishment of a properly safeguarded and wisely ad- ministered parole system. Whenever & prisoner has finished his allotted time in a prison, it is safer for the community and better for him that he be discharged under the strict| supervision of a parole system. In this field, as in the case of pro- bation, we must insist upon intelligent, honest, discriminating and properly safeguarded exercise of this important duty. Figures on Prisoners. Figures can be cited to show that: 1. Only about 7 per cent of paroled men fail and are revoked. 2. The average time spent in prison by paroled men is just as long, ana perhaps longer, as the average of those who are discharged without parole. 3. Less than 1 per cent of current arrests are found to be on parole. ‘The battle against crime must con- tinue on many fronts, with many ai- verse weapons, and with the realiza- tion that an understanaing co-opera- a state of satisfaction with their sur- roundings. | I cannot help voicing an earnest | plea that, in spite of depressed eco- | nomic conditions, full realization be | had of the absolute necessity of pro- | viding productive labor for prisoners. | No short-sighted policy, no deference | to the demands of one industrial group or another should be permitted to prevail against the public interest | in this phase of the prison problem. Our communities will reap the harvest of their neglect if men are turned tion and a militant determination on the part of all deparuments ot gov- | ernment are essential to success. But we must all of us realize that the Government, alone and unaided, can- not be expected permanentiy to cure the crime situation, and that only as and when the citizens themseives, through local groups, resolve that our | neighborhoods shall be freed of the conditions which breed crime will those same communities be entirely protected. (Copyrignt. 1¥i5.) FARMERS ATTACK HOG PROCESS TAX Suit Asks Packing Firms Return Money Collected as Levies. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, August 31.—A dozen Midwestern hog farmers in a suit to- day attacked constitutionality of the processing tax, alleged that contrary to its purpose it reduced their income. They asked the Cook County Superior | Court to order eight Chicago pncklnz‘ companies to pay them back. Their bill demanded an acounting to determine whether they should be “repaid” part of the $6,000,000 in processing taxes which the packers allegedly withheld from the Govern- ment pending a Federal court decision on constitutionality of the tax. James C. Spence, one of the plain- tiffs’ attorneys, said: “This is not a suit to embarrass the packers in their fight to have the processing tax knocked out. My cli- ents also believe it is unconstitutional.” Spence said his clients, all from Iowa and Illinois, were “merely typi- cal hog raisers” and not representa- tives of any farm or political organi- zation. In their bill they asked that results of the suit, if successful, apply to all other hog farmers. Dowager Queen By the Associated Press. BRUSSELS, August 31—A war- time Queen, saddened by the deal of her own husband, has taken Bel- gium's motherless royal children un- der her care, Dowager Queen Elizabeth of Bel- gium assented quickly to the tearful request of her son, King Leopold, that she substitute for their mother, Queen Astrid, killed in an automobile accident in Switzerland. It was only last year she lost her husband, King Albert, who fell to his death while mountain climbing. Since that time she has shunned public life. She has remained out of Bel- glum since last March. ‘The new duty will not be easy for the graying, 59-year-old Queen- mother. Tiny Prince Albert, hardly more than a year old, requires a great deal of attention. Princess Josephine Charlotte, approaching her 8th birth- day, and her younger brother, Prince of the liberty guaranteed to it by that amendment; “(b) It attempts to deprive Carter Coal Co. and the plaintiff of their property rights, including subsisting contract rights, without due process of law; “(c) It attempts to take the pri- vate property of Carter Coal Co. for & public use without the payment of t compensation; “(d) It is wholly arbitrary, capri- eious and unequal” - Baudoin, nearly 5, must be made to understand and accept their loss as they wander through their'play rooms at Stuyvenberg Castle. Priends expected her new duties would bring the Dowager Queen, who is highly beloved by her people, out of her semi-retirement into a more prominent life again. Besides the Queen-mother and her daughter, Princess Marie Jose of Pied- mont, who accompanied her here from Naples, scores of titled personages: » | #).—The institution which made the “CHAUTAUQUA” SAVED Raising of $125,000 Ends Threat ! of Foreclosure. CHAUTAUQUA, N. Y, August 31| “Chautauqua” a household word has | been saved from “the sheriff.” Operating under a friendly receiver- ship because of heavy debts, Chau- tauqua Institution today lnnounced; the $125,000 which creditors demanded by September 1 had ‘been raised and that there was no immediate threat of foreclosure. At the same time officials said this season, closing next week, was the best attended in years and that re- ceipts were $21,434.21 better than last year. s —— NOTED BALLOONIST WEDS AKRON, Ohio, August 31 (#).— Ward T. Van Orman, noted balloonist and aeronautical engineer for the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., and Anastasia Lochus, a nurse, were mar- ried here today. ‘They will go to the national air races in Cleveland tomorrow and after the races will go on a honeymoon to Washington, D. C. Friends of the couple said Van Orman and Miss Lochus met when the balloon racer was critically ill in a hospital here b ||NUDISTS CONVENE |NEUMANN S STAR DESPITE BREEZES 200 Open Conference Well Up in Mountains With Lone Road Guarded. By the Associated Press. STOCKHOLM, N. J, August 31.— Though chilly breezes swept over their guarded camp in the fastness of the Hamburg Mountains, 200 men and women devotees of the undraped figure met today for the opening of the three-day International Nudist Conference. The road which winds 5 miles be- yond this village to Camp Rock Ledge, the gathering place, a gate and a firm guard turns back all but genuine nudists, A luncheon at the camp opened the annual conference at which Dr. Rus- sell B. Abbott of Cleveland, Ohio, is presiding. By the remote control of a tele- ‘phone. the nudists told the world that Dr. Herman Soshinski, camp director, made an address of welcome and gave a review of activities during the past year, Business Reports Given. “Dr. Iisley Boone, executive secretary of the conference, gave secretarial and financial reports. b “Is nudism being practiced at the business meetings?” Dr. Boone was asked. “I can't answer that,” he said. Dr. Boone explained that the nud- ists would discuss mainly the problem of teaching tolerance to old-fashivned citizens who still wear clothes. “A larger measure of public toler- ance might now reasonably be expected when certain areas of public parks can be set aside for sun-bathing,” he said. “Further, sun-bathing might be per- mitted on certain sections of public bathing beaches.” Like charity, Dr. Boone said, nudism should begin at home. He believes that domestic nudism is increasing. Men Hold Contests. The conference closed its first day with athletic competition for the men members. It will convene at 9 am. tomorrow to discuss the religious as- pects of nudism. “Several prominent religious lead- ers will talk,” Dr. Boone said. He declined to reveal their names. The program includes peanut races, exhibitions of skilled nudist swimming, singing of the nudist hymn written by William Sheppard Sparks, a talk on “Nudism Among the Esquimaux.” an- other tal kon “What Will Nudism Do to Civilization?" and also “Vana Vana" | and “Winshuffina.” There is a lake at Camp Rock Ledge for boating and bathing, facilities for volley ball and tennis. Two dozen nudists spend the Summer there and their ranks are greatly augmented on week ends. ——— CRAMER SWORN IN AS ISLAND GOVERNOR | Promises New Organic Act for Island Will Be Offered in Next Congress. By the Associated Press. ST. THOMAS, Virgin Islands, Au- gust 31.—Amid colorful ceremonies, Gov. Lawrence Cramer was inducted into office today before a packed crowd in Emancipation Park. For the first time in local history a native judge administered the oath of office. In a brief speech the new governor asked for co-operation from all fac- tions and announced a new organic act for the island would be presented at the next session of Congress in Wash- ington. Marines from two Coast Guard cut- ters and sailors from special service squadrons served as a guard of honor. Consular officials, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and Sea Scouts witnessed the induction. Gov. Blanton Winship of Puerto Rico and Ernest Gruening, chief of the Division of Territories, attended the ceremony. C. & 0. EMPLOYES ELECT E. L. SMITH Richmond Man Made President of Association to Succeed Late E. I. Ford. By the Associated Press. CINCINNATI, August 31.—More than 1,600 members of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Veterans Employes’ Association met here today, electing E. L. Smith, Richmond, Va., as presi- dent to fill the office left vacant by the death of E. I. Ford, Huntington, W. Va. B. V. Andre, Ashland, Ky., won elec- tion as senior vice president. Coming here in five special trains, the veterans met at the Cincinnati zoo. They saw presentation of dia- last year. Elizabeth Will Care for Royal Children ‘were arriving for the funeral. Grief was not confined to royalty, however. Thousands of the populace stood in the rain today for hours awaiting a chance of a farewell glimpse of Queen Astrid. The young Queen’s body rested on a white silk bed past which they slowly filed, 10 abreast, ‘The funeral ‘will be held on Tuesday. Among the royalty present to attend were Prince Carl and Princess Inge- borg of Sweden, parents of the dead Queen, together with their children, Prince Charles and Princess Mar- garetha from Denmark. Crown Prince Olaf and Crown Princess Martha, Astrid’s sister, will represent the Norwegian royal family; Crown Prince Gustavus Adolphus will represent the King of Sweden, with Crown Princess Louise. The King of Italy will be represented by Prince Humberto, and the King of of York. Car in Perfect Condition. KUSSNACHT, Switzerland, August 31 (®).—After an examination of the wrecked automobile of King Leopold of the Belgians, police reported today the accident, in which Queen Astrid was killed, was not due to faulty mechanism. The car, of ap American make, was in perfect condition before the crash, mechanics said. Police said the speedometer showed Leopold was driv- ing at 55 miles an hour, L) mond pins for 50-year service to'eight of their number, and heard addresses by W. J. Harahan, Cleveland, presi- dent of the road; G. D. Brooke, Rich- mond, Va., vice president; T. T. Low- master, general manager, Richmond, and T. P. Halloran, Clifton Forge, Va. ‘Those receiving pins were: F. M. Whitaker, vice president, Cleveland; J. H. Detter, Covington, Ky.; W. A, Smith and J. L. Crush, Hinton, W. Va.;, E. W. Alley and S. O. Mills, Huntington, W. Va.; Alfred Green, Newport News, Va.,, and E. L. Smith, Richmond, Va. DROWNED BOY’S MOTHER PLEADS NOT GUILTY By the Associated Press. GOSHEN, N. Y., August 31.—Mrs, Dorothy Sherwood, 27-year-old widow, innocent this afternoon of first-degree murder in the self-ad- mitted drowning of her 2-year-old son 11 days ago. Arraigned before Supreme Court Justice Graham Witschief, the comely former show girl displayed little in- terest in the proceedings. Stanley B. Johnson of Newburgh was ap- pointed by the court as her counsel when she declared herself without funds. Trial was set for the October term of Supreme Court. Her actions have puzzled officials AT PLANE RAGES 60,000 See Flyer Win Two Dashes, Crash, Come in Second in Another. By the Associated Press. MUNICIPAL AIRPORT, Cleveland, August 31.—Aviation poured out its whole bag of tricks to the delight of approximately 60,000 spectators at to- day's formal opening of the National Air Races, Harold Neumann of Moline, I, proved the big star. He first won one of a series of races for the Louis W. Greve Trophy with a speed of 212.716 miles a1 hour. Then he took second in a 40-mile free-for-all for planes of 375 cubic inches displacement. Next, the Moline fiyer entertained the crowd with upside-down flying. In landing, his plane nosed over, was damaged slightly and he was cut about the mouth. Undaunted, Neu- mann took another plane into the second of the 50-mile dashes for the Greve Trophy. Again he won, this time with a speed of 194 miles an hour. Contest officials said each victory in the Greve Trophy race which was a free-for-all for ships of 550 cubic inches displacement, was worth $1,125 to Neumann. The 25-mile Amella Earhart Trophy race for woman fiyers only was won by Melba Beard of New York City. Another woman, Mrs, Grace Prescott of San Diego, Calif, won the Ruth Chatterton Derby from Los Angeles to Cleveland. Men also competed in the derby event, which was decided chiefly on the basis of navigating skill. Army and Marine Corps fiyers | showed the crowd a realistic imitation of bombing attacks in addition to| numerous spectacular maneuvers, In the stunt flying class there was little to choose between Milo Burcham, the American, who holds the world record for continuous in- verted flying, and the two visitors from abroad, Michel de Troyat of France and Gerd Achgelis of Germany. | A high spot of the day was a mass | parachute jump, which officials said | they Dbelieved involved the largest number of jumpers ever to partici- | pate in such an event in the United | States. There were 22 in the air| at the same time. All landed safely. | Three planes were used to take them up. The winning speed in the lady- birds race for the Earhart Trophy was | 90.037 miles an hour, low in com- | parison to some of today's speeds, be- cause the women were flying slower | | ships. In this event, Edith J. Bern- | !son of South Lincoln, Mass, was second and other finishers fn order, | were: Edna Gardner of Washington, | Genevieve Savage of Washington and | Peggy Remey of New York. Eight| women competed. WEIZMANN ACCEPTS ZION PRESIDENCY — 1 | 'Two Conditions Laid Down by, Scientist Expected to Be Met. LUCERNE, August 31 (Jewish Tele- graphic Agency).—Dr. Chayim Weiz- | mann, scientist and world-renowned | Zionist leader, tonight agreed to ac- | cept the presidency of the world | Zionist organization. Dr. Weizmann named two condi- | tions, both of which are believed cer- | | tain to be met. One is that the next world Zion- | ist congress be convoked four years from now instead of biennially; sec- ond, that Prof. Louis B. Namier and Leonard Stein be elected for the politi- | {cal work of the Zionist Executive. | | Prof. Namier and Stein are both | | former political secretaries of the world Zionist organization. Prof. ! Namier is a noted British historian, | and has been a member of Parlia- ment. Dr. Nahum Sokolow, 74-year-old in- | cumbent president, will be named to | the presidency of the new Executive, the Jewish Telegraph Agency was in- formed. LUCERNE, Switzerland, August 31 (Palcor Agency)—A pledge that the | United States would provide $900,000 | during the next two years to the Jewish National Fund, Zionist land- acquisition agency in Palestine, was made by Dr. Israel Goldstein, New York, president of the American branch of the fund. Pledges from delegates of various countries indicated $5,000,000 would be forthcoming for the land pur- chasing. e SPECIAL LAW RETIRES POLICE FORCE VETERAN Deputy Commissioner in Chicago Only Officer in State Given Pension. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, August 31.—By order of the police commissioner-—-and a spe- cial act of the Illinois Legislature— Deputy Police Commissioner Johr: H. Alcock, a veteran of 41 years on the Chicago department, was retired to- day. . Authority to retire Alcock, a two- fisted, old-fashioned law enforcer, was provided by a legislative act exempt- ing all policemen above a rank of captain from a protective Civil Service rating. Deputy commissioner was the only officer in the entire State to| which the act applied. | ‘He was retired on e $4,000-a-year pension. Alcock had been head of the Chi- cago Police Department as acting commissioner before James P. All- man was named commissioner several years ago. e 14 AIRPLANES ORDERED ‘TROY, Ohio, August 31 (#).—Waco Aircraft Co. officials anriounced receipt today of an order from.the Brazilian government for 14 more planes, to be used for airmail service on a new line along the Atlantic Coast and Amazon River. The brder brought to nearly 200 the number of ships sold to Brazil in the last few years. The new order approximated $160,000, company of- ficials said. - Panama Guards Against Plague. PANAMA CITY, Panama, August 31 (#).—Col. O. G. Brown, chief health officet of the Canal Zone, announced today Canal authorities were taking “strict precautions” against & possible spread of bul plague from vessels , arriving from ¢ Ecuador, / 4 GAS FOR PUMP- ING BLOOD ENTERS HERE RHYTHM REGULATED HERE ARTIFICIAL BLOOD CHAMBER Lindbergh’s Robot Heart ORGAN KEPT AL\VE HERE Details of the apparatus devised by Col. Charles A. Lindbergh to supply life artificially to detached organ were made public yesterday. Drawing is from Lindbergh's own simplified diagram in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, showing tlu'worklnx principle, —Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. TALMADGE SUES ONBANKHEAD AGT Georgia Governor Files Pe- tition Challenging Valid- ity of Law. By the Associatgd Press. MACON, Ga, August 31.—Carrying into Federal court his fight on the Roosevelt administration’s farm pro- | gram, Gov. Eugene Talmadge of | Georgia today filed a petition chal- lenging constitutionality of the Bank- | head cotton control act. A hearing was set for September 5 in Columbus. United States District Judge Bas- com Deaver did not grant a tempo- | rary order restraining collection of the 6 cents a pound penalty tax on cotton produced in excess of quotas | allowed under the Bankhead law.| Instead, he ordered the Government to show cause at the hearing in Co- lumbus why the petition for injunc-| tion should not be, granted. Gov. Talmadge, who for months has been assailing the Rooseveit ad- | ministration, and especially its férm | policies, was en route to Sioux Falls, S. Dak., to make a Labor day speech | there when the suit was filed. Besides Gov. Talmadge, a group of Putnam County farmers were named as plaintiffs, and W. E. Page, Internal Revenue collector, and several cotton ginners as defendants. It alleges the Constitution does not grant to Congress power to control production and fix prices; that the act is violative of several provisions of the Constitution and is “an in- tricate part of a scheme to accom- plish an unconstitutional purpose.” PIGEON BRINGS NEWS OF EXPEDITION’S SAFETY Carrier Falls Dead 600 Miles From Edmonton With Message From Mrs. Henry. By the Associated Press. EDMONTON, Alberta, August 31.— A racing pigeon, flying until it fell exhausted and died, brought the first direct news today from the Northern British Columbia mountains of the safety of the expedition of Mrs. J. Norman Henry of Philadelphia. “Everybody well,” read the mes- sage, written on flimsy paper and at- tached to the pigeon’s leg at Muskwa River, about 600 miles from, Edmon- ton. The pigeon fell exhausted at Chisholm, Alberta. With her daughter, Mrs. Henry is seeking rare flowers for the Royal Botanical Gardens of Edinburgh. Chicago Meat Strike Opens. CHICAGO, August 31 (A —Chi- cago’s “meat strike,” protesting high prices in the fashion of the women ‘who boycotted butchers in Hamtramck, Mich., began today with the picketing of a group of neighborhood stores. “Don’t buy meat” and “Demand a 20- per cent reduction” were the legends o placards. 1 Grave Digger, 80, Will Give $40,000 | To His 40 Kinsmen Illinois Man to Celebrate Gifts to Relatives. By the Associated Press. MOUNT STERLING, Ill., August 31. prise” birthday party leaked out to- day. Frank’s birthday will be September 8, and the neighbors think he’ll be 80 years old. It wasn't Frank who found out about the surprise, though. It was the neighbors. They learned the elderly man, who works in the cemetery here, was plan- ning to turn custom around and give a present to each of his 40 nephews and nieces—$1,000 apiece. And the reason, the neighbors said, was that several of Mr. Orr's nieces are nearly 70 years old, and he wants | them to enjoy their declining years. Orr was once prominent in Demo- cratic politics, and was understood to | own more than 1,000 acres of rich | Illinois farm land. BORAH SEES DANGER | IN BOND SURPLUS - —e “Cannot Be Less Than Danger Signal,” He Says of Failure of Recent Issue. By the Associated Press. | BOISE, Idaho, August 31.—In a | news story copyrighted by the Idaho Daily Statesman, Senator William E. of the (Federal) Government to float in full its bond issue may be nothing | more than a danger signal, but it can- not be less than that.” “I am satisfied,” the Senator said in | & statement, “if the demand had been there the method of sale would not have prevented the sale to the full amount. “There can be no doubt but there is an uneasy feeling in financial quar- ters and also among small buyers of bonds due to our heavy expenditures | and consequently in large bond issues.” The bond issue referred to was for $100,000,000, but only $85,000,000 of | the issue was sold when the deadline came last Wednesday night. ARMY STORE RAIDED Machine Gun Among Small Arms Taken in Panama PANAMA CITY, Panama, August | 31 P).—American military authorities at Quarry Heights, Canal Zone, an- nounced today four Browning machine guns, four automatic rifles and three pistols, with ammunition, were stolen from a storeroom Thursday night. In a public release, the authorities said a thief or thieves broke into the storeroom, belonging to Company C of the 11th Engineers at Corozal, through & back door. « Two boxes of machine gun ammuni- tion were reported among the am- munition stolen. Senator Gerald P. Nye of North| Dakota, leader in the move to “take profit out«of war,” will speak on the neutrality resolution, signed yester- day by President Roosevell, in the National Radio Forum Thursday night. gl'he program, arranged by The Star, will be broadcast over a Na- tion-wide hook-up of the National Broadeasting Co. beginning at 10:30. Station WRC will be the District out- let. Senator Nye headed the Senate committee which investigated the munitions business and led a fight for adoption of the neutrality reso- lution, which places a six-mon‘h embargo on any shipment of srms or munitions to belligerent foreign nations. The period runs to the end of February. In signing the resolution yester- day, President Roosevelt said: “I have approved this joint reso- lution because it was intended s an expression of the fixed desire of the Government and the people of the United States to avoid any action which might involve us in war. The purpose is wholly excellent and this joint resolution will, to a considerable degree, serve that end. “It provides for a licensing sys- tem for the control of carrying of SENATOR NYE. the control of the use of American"| waters by foreign submarines; (or the restriction of travel by American cit- izens on vessels of belligerent nations, and for the embargo of the export of arms, etc., to both belligerent aa- toms.” * . Birthday With Cash | —News of Frank Orr's coming “sur-| LINDY DESCRIBES ARTIFICIAL HEART Device for Maintaining Life Apart From Body Re- vealed in Detail. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, August 31.—The me- chanical secrets of the robot glass heart which Col. Charles A. Lindbergh built to maintain life outside the body were revealed officially today for the first time by a Rockefeller * Institute Ppublication, ‘The success of this heart, announced last June without explanation of its mechanism, was hailed by sclentists as one of the great achievements in medicine. The heart is a single piece of glass, roughly resembling an old-fashioned pump, in which an entire kidney, liver spleen, or other organs of the human body can be kept alive in- definitely. It is the first robot in which arti- ficial life can be kept going as long as the medical scientists wish, in plain view of their eyes, where they can study the otherwise hidden progress of disease. The Lindbergh device—its proper scientific name a perfusion pump— supplies not only the heart beats of human pressure and rhythm, but arti- ficial blood and air to maintain life. Yet it is a device of marvelous sim- plicity. As diagrammed by Lindbergh himself it is three glass chambers, connected one above the other, in vertical position. “Top-Floor” Chamber. In the.top-floor chamber lives the organ endowed with artificial life. The bottom-floor chamber is filled with the artificial blood which medical scientists have long «known how to create, but which they previously lacked the means of using readily, The second-floor bulb, lying be- tween the artificially living organ above and the blood chamber below, serves to regulate to human-like rhythm the flow of artificial blood. “This artificial life stream is driven through a glass artery directly from the bottom-floor reservoir into the top one, containing the living organ. After running through the organ, the artificial blood passes by a different route down into the lower-floor reser- voir, to be used over again. From an outside connection the watching scientists are able to keep this lower-floor chamber filled with purified artificial blood whenever change is needed. The flow up and down this three- story device is automatic. It is caused by gas piped under pressure into the two lower-floor chambers. The pressure in the bottom-floor chamber at times is greater than in | the second floor, so that the life blood | flows upward in beats. The pressures available range from zero to 120 milli- | meters of mercury, on the standard gauges for blood pressures. Piston of Oil. There are no moving mechanical parts. The gas pressure, which pumps the artificial life stream, is varied by a piston of oil. The oil moves to | and fro in a glass tube to compress the gas in regular beats. The power driving the oil piston is compressed air at the outer end of the oil column. The air does not pen- etrate the oil. Hence it is easy to maintain eom- plete sterilization of the “life stream” and the living organ. It was lack of perfect protection from outside infec- tion that previously prevented scien- ti8ts from keeping life going indefinite- iy in whole organs outside the body. The biological part of this work is done by Dr. Alexis Carrel of the Rocke- feller Institute, who made the June Borah is quoted as saying that “failure }lnnouncemem jointly with Col. Lind- bergh. The colonel publishes the mechan- ical details today, under his own name, in the Journal of Experimental Medi- cine, a Rockefeller Institute organ. Col. Lindbergh describes his work in 350 words, which is followed by detailed diagrams and directions. His | brief description reads: “The apparatus described in this paper was designed to maintain a sterile, pulsating circulation of fluid through living organs. More than 26 experiments, with various organs, have Some of the results already have been reported in brief. In Two Portions. “The apparatus may be considered to consist of two portions. One, the perfusion pump, contains the organ and perfusion fluid, and must be handled with aseptic technique. The other is for the purpose of creating and transmitting a pulsating gas pres- sure to the perfusion fluid contained in the first portion. “It is unnecesgary to keep the second portion sterile. “The perfusion pump is made of pyrex glass, and has only three open- ings which communicate with the in- terior. These openings are protected against infection by filter bulbs con- taining non-absorbent cotton. “Neither the organ nor the per- fusion fluid comes in contact with any corks or joints which communicate with the exterior. The perfusion pump involves the use of three glass cham- bers, one above another. “The organ lies on the slanting glass floor of the highest chamber. Fluid from the lowest, or reservolr, chamber is driven through the nutricnt artery by pulsatile gas pressure. After passing through the organ the fluid returns through the central chamber back, to the reservoir. The central chamber exists for pressure equaliza« tion. “The apparatus is actuated by com- pressed air controlled by a rotating valve. The pulsations created are transmitted through an oil column to controlled gas which passes back and forth through the cotton filter bulbs and causes the perfusion liquid to circulate. Gas Composition Controlled. “The composition of all gas in con- tact with the organ and the perfusion fluid is controlled. evaporation of the fluid are prevented. . The maximum and minimum pulsa- and tion pressures and the pulsation rate are adjustable. “The pressure at various points in the pulse cycle can be controlled. The temperature of operations is adjust- able. The rate of flow of perfusion fluid can be measured. Changes in rate of flow. through the organ are ad- justed automatically with a minimum effect on pulsation pressures. “The perfusion fluid is filtered during its circulation and before it enters the organ. Organs ¢an be removed from one apparatus and installed in an- other aseptically. The perfusion fluid can be removed and replaced asep- b fluid can be observed at all times" - . been made up to the time of writing. . tically. The organ and perfusion