Evening Star Newspaper, May 29, 1935, Page 5

DECISION HOISTS DEMOCRACY FLAG Individual Rights Triumph; Over European Nostrums, Observer Claims. BY MARK SULLIVAN, The Supreme Court decisions have | not only saved democracy for Amer- | jea. It may be they have saved it for | the world. | Had America gone on into the strange eompound of fascism and collectivism | that the New Deal was, we would have | confirmed and encouraged the na- | tions in which the new conception | has already got a foothold—Italy, Russia and Germany. But with America going back to democracy, it may be that those nations, too, will ultimately turn back. Especially is this likely if we, go- | ing on with our democracy. achicve under it a well-being greater than | the other nations are able to attain | with their experiment. | In the broadest terms, what has happened in America during some two vears may be stated thus: A President took office who by accident of tem- perament. and other fortuitous cir- cumstances, happened to have, in his more intimate circle at the time. a group of men who had been infatu- | ated and infected by the spu!.me or the recent European innovation. sttempted a modification of zhe m» novation in America. Revolution Nipped. What they been, if successful, attempted would hau> a revolution. say this was their intention is nnl a rharzP it act. It was so .\mcM of the pmre<< by Dealers themselves. They and exultantly used the word lution” and their purpose was, their point of view, sincere. is a <lmp](‘ Mau‘mrnz of di bed in the early the '\'(\\A [r'le\ “revo- from fn two ways. One is by violence. ‘This the New Dealers put from them Prof. Tugwell in his “industrial dis- cipline” speciiically disavowed force “Liberals.” he said. appropriating that word for himself and those like him— “liberals would like to rebuild the station while the trains are running.” With the use of force waived, the other way to bring about revolution is by guile, by indirection, by ruse. *This the New Dealers, especially the lawyers among them, attempted by writing into statutes hidden mean- ings and powers which Congress did not recognize, by subtle phrases de- siened to “get around” the Constitu- tion. and by evasion before the courts. They attempted it by. to use their own terminology. putting “reform be- fore recovery.” They tried to hold the country down in depression so that it would be willing to accept the innovations the New Dealers pre- scribed. They attempted it especially by the device of preventing test cases from arriving before the Supreme Count urtil such time as their new form of society should have acquired #0 much momentum and created so many vested interests, that it would | be difficult for the court to decide against the new conception. They hoped to forestall the Supreme Court by laying before it a thing done, a “fait accompli.” Courageous Group Victorious. In part. this tactic was prevented from succeeding by the lovalty of much of America to its tradition, its faith in democracy, which took ex- pression in criticism of the new con- ception and resistance to it. The persons, mainly small business men. who stood up for their rights have been in some degree martyrs in the salvation of democracy. In part the revolutionary tactic was frustrated by natural forces of business and indus- try. which began to recover in spite of the restrictions of the innovations In part and mainly the attempt at revolution is now defeated by the integrity and conscience and courage of t3$ unanimous Supreme Court. | WAt has now eventuated may be stated roughly and very briefly and partially thus: First, the United States is a de- mocracy dedicated to preserving maximum liberty for the individual. Second, to preserve that concept, the Government of the United States was made and remains one of bal- anced powers, in which the President cannot have dictatorial authority and in which Congress cannot surrender | its power and responsibility, even with its own consent and by its own act. Centralized Rule Fails. Third, the United States is what its name implies. a union of 48 separate States, and for that reason, among others, cannot be made to conform | to the European model of a central- ized “totalitarian state” or “authori- | tarian state.” Fourth, the Government of the| United States is based upon a writ- | ten Constitution. If the New Dealers wish now to go on with their attempt, there is only | one way. They should set in motion | the mechanism for amending the Constitution and see if America is| willing to adopt the innovations the New Dealers propose. That is the direct way to change the American form of government and conception of society. It is the way the New Dealers should have taken in the beginning, had they not preferred | indirection. It is possible that had they | started amendment of the Consmu-‘ tion when they first came into power., | when the country was in a mood of‘ panic, they might have succeeded. | ‘The New Dealers cannot plead that it would have taken too long to #mend the Constitution. The last amendment, the repeal of national | prohibition. consumed less than 10 months. It was started in Congress | February 16, 1933, and by December | 5 enough States had ratified it. That was much less time than the New | Dealers have consumed in what is | now apparently a vain effort to | change the Constitution by indirec- tion. While change of the Constitution is the direct way and the only way, If Your Dentist Hurts You Try DR. FIELD Plate Expert antee a Perfect. Tizht Fit in uth or I Befund Your Money 1 Give Violet Ray Treatments for Pyorrhea Extraction Sl and 32 A revolution can be brought about i’ | | | tempted Also Gas Ext. Plates $1.50 Repaired DR. FIELD 406 7th St. N.W. ME!. ’255 GnI‘d Lrfl'nl Fillings KI un THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D0, Discuss N. R. A. Decision With Presid(;nt Representative Robert L. Doughton, chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee (left) and Senator Pat Harrison, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, leaving the White House yesterday after con- ferring with President Roosevelt regarding th Supreme Court’s decision on the N.R. A At right Labor: Secretary of Labor Perkins a William Green, president of the American Federation of nd John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers, who also discussed the decision with the President. Left to right: Green, Miss Perkins and Lewis. ~—Wide World Photos. DECISIONONN.R.A. + HAILED BY SHOUSE “Stunning Rebuke™ to Those | “Seeking to Nullify Constitution.” By the Associated Press, CHARLOTTE. N. C., May 20.— Jouett Shouse, president of the Amer- ican Liberty League. in an address last nizht described the Supreme Court’s decisions on N. R. A. and the Frazier-Lemke act as a “stunning re- buke” to those “seeking to nullify or change the Constitution by indirec- tion.” Shouse. former national chairman of the Democratic party, spoke at a public meeting sponsored by the Char- lotte Chapter of the American Liberty League This. of couse. is an occasion for rejoicing for all of those who have been fearful of the results growing out of attempts to delegate exira-legal powers to the executive branch of the Government,” he said “It is encouraging to realize that at least one of the three co-ordinate branches ot our PFederal Government bas not succumbed to the hysteria which attempts to justify doing vio- lence to our fundamental law under the plea of emergency. ‘At a time when there is all too much evidence of an executive will- ingness to take on unlimited powers 2nd when the national Legislature has exhibited a supine docility inconsist- !ent with the oaths of office taken by its members, it is gratifying that the one last bulwark of constitutional government has proved effective.” 'N.R. A. Workers Tonightto Map Fight for Jobs Call Meeting l‘u" Pay and Ace rm'd L('ur(' to June 16| and 7 ransfers to Other Agmn'm Will Be A mass meeting of N. R. A, workers has been called for tonight to seck three-point protection of their pay and jobs from the effects of the Su- preme Court's recovery act decision The N. R. A. Lodge of the American Federation of Government Emploves has invited all employes of the agency to attend® the rallv at the Hall of Nations of the Washington Hotel. The workers. meanwhile, had the assurance of Blackwell Smith. chief counsel of the organization, that their status is secure until June 16. expira- tion date of the legislation authorizing the N. R. A It was explained that although the court’s ruling invahdated the code- making section of N. R. A, the pro- visions empowering the President to set up the administrative agency still stand. Much Work Remains. There is much work still to be done, it was learned this morning. Orders have been issued to clean up the accumulation of documentary material assembled during the last two years. Several reports are to be completed. despite the fact they can have no official status John Donovan. head of the A. F. G. E. Lodge. announced he will urge at the assembly tonight the transfer of all N. R. A. employes to jobs witn other Government agencies if the Re- coverv Administration is to be aban- doned. The other planks call for granting | accrued leave to emploves between now JUNK SHOPMEN STRIKE OKLAHOMA CITY, May 28 (#).— Oklahoma’s first strike since the junk- ing of N. R. A. came in a junk shop. Their wages cut. 8 white men and more than 15 ccGlored men walked out, and what they lacked in union organi- zation, police said, was made up in picket-line vigor. The manager said two colored men had been cut by pickets. it is not recommended. As a mat- ter of fact the country would not now make the change into the kind of Government the New Dealers plan- ned. The better course for the New Dealers is to accept the fact that America is a democracy dedicated to individual liberty. The degree to which liberty is in- volved can be suggested by a simple statement. Up to last Monday there were in America, introduced by the New Deal and set out in its 500-and- some codes, fully 10,000 separate ways in which a citizen might find himself haled into the criminal courts. By the Supreme Court decision. that at- contraction of liberty is! ended. The extent of the court’s invalida- tion of the New Deal is great, but is just now exaggerated. Not all of the New Deal attempted revolution and not all is invalidated by the Supreme Court. Some of the New Deal was modification made desirable by changes in the material world, by elevation of humanitarian standards, and as a preventive of ruthlessness and other evils in some areas of busi- ness. These parts of the New Deal | can be made to conform to the Con- stitution. Much of what is in the codes will be retained on a voluntary basis. Pft!fllll a new, brighter indelible lipstick that can’t possibly and June 16 and full pay for employes between now and June 16. There seems little doubt of the latter To bolster the first demand, a com- mittee of eight members of the Inter lodge Committee on Personnel Trans- fer. appointed” last_night, was to call today on Fraank Walker, Emergency Council chief and head of the work relief’s division of applications and information, to advocate establishment of a central personnel agency. Plan Offered 10 Days Ago. Such a set-up to provide new Fed- eral jobs for Government employes dismissed through no fault of their own was suggested to the White House 10 days ago and referred to Walker. C. B. Baldwin, aide to Rexford Guy Tugwell in the Rural Resettlement Administration, promised the group his agency would co-operate in plac- ing dismissed N. R. A. workers. Baldwin's statement was contained in a letter sent in reply to an inter- lodge request for such help, forwarded to Undersecretary of Agriculture Tug- well. The eight men and women named to confer with Walker are Donovan. Henry Rhine. lodge vice president: Miss Jessica Buck, secretary; Leander | Lovell, treasurer: Alvin David, ser- geant at arms: Joel Berrall, chairman of the Grievance Committee, and Enid Baird, chairman of publicity. Operation of the retail code will 1f You Suffer With Kidney Trouble You_can restore kidneys to normal fune- tioning by following ~the ~health resort method at home. Drink Mountain Valley Mineral Water Springs. Arkansas, for over ears . Mountain Valley Mineral Water Met. 1062 1105 K St. N.W. Endorsed by physicians Phone for booklet. "HAWAIIAN" Here is the brightest red lipstick we have seen, and the most indelible—yet leaves not a trace of purplishness on the lips. It's something really new . . . a brighter, more vi vid color, the red of Hawaii's wild Hibiscus, but so softly feminine it's not hard to wear. It's the latest TATTOO, and is called “ HAWAIIAN." have just a few, the price $1. We direct from famous Hot | Sought. continue on a voluntary basis In the District, James E. Colliflower, presi- dent of the Merchants and Manu- facturers’ Association, announced last night. From other parts of the coun- try came word of wage cuts and price wars. Colliflower declared: “While the decision of the Supreme Court has nullified the codes under which the stores and business houses of Washington have been operating during the past several months, the leading merchants who have been operating under the retail code in Washington have assured the officers of the Merchants & Manufacturers’ Association today that they will make no change at the present time in their hours of employment or reduce wages below the minimum specified in the retail code “These business leaders feel while the codes are no longer in effect legal- ly it would be unwise to make any change in policy at this time.” ’ PAY HIKES LOOM IN OIL COMPANIES Increases to Meet Living Costs Approved for Those Earn- ing Less Than $5.000. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK. May 29 —Two large oil companies took steps yesterday to ! boost wages and salaries by 5 per cent in recognition of the trend to- ward higher living costs. E. L. Shea, president of Tide Water Oil Co., announced the board of di- rectors had approved a general pay increase of 5 per cent. effective June 1. and Walter C. Teagle, president of Standard Oil of New Jersey, disclosed | a 5 per cent “cost of living increase” has been proposed by the company to operating subsiciaries HOUSTON. Tex., May 29 (#) —R. L Blaffer, president of the Humble Oil & Refining Co.. yesterday announced a conditional pay increase ranging up to 5 per cent to all employes earning less than $5.000 annually. | The Humble is a subsidiary of the Standard of New Jersey. The increase. effective June 1. would be 5 per cent to employes receiving $3,000 a year or less and 5 per cent of the first $3.000 to those earning between $3.000 and $5.000. | e © 1935, Anbeuser-Busch, Inc. | Senator McKellar | proper MERIT EXTENSION BILLS POSTPONED | Measures Wait in Senate. Remain on Calendar for Future Study. Two bills to extend the merit system in the Government service met delay in the Senate vesterday, but remain on the calendar for future consider- ation. One was the Black bill to prohibit civil service employes from seeking political aid to obtain promoiions, and the other was the Logan measure to bring into the civil service thousands postions now excluded from that law. Incumbents of these positions when the bill became law would be required to take a non-competitive examination to acquire a civil service status. Promotion Bill Debated. ‘The promotion bill led to a debate in which Senators Connally of Texas, McKellar of Tennessee and Barkley of Kentucky took issue with Senator Black of Alabama. The Alabaman cald 1t is against the law now for civil service employes to seek politi- cal support for promotions. His bill is intended to make the rule more | effective by requiring a promoted em- ploye to make a sworn statement that he did not obtain such influence. Senator Connally declarad the worst form of influence is that which originates within tae Government de- partments, ‘and S:aator Barkley said that some bureat chiefs have pets and that other cmiployes are never promoted unless they have influence. contended it was and rignt that Government employes should be allowed to write to their Senators or Representatives aboul matters of importance, Black Argues for Bill. Senator Black arguec that if there is to be a civil service system, his bill should p: If the bill is de- feated, he said, C.ngress should go the whole route und do away with civil service. Another bill poi.poned would have created the office of hiaison officer be- tween Congress and the Government departments on civil service retire- ment problems One civil service bill was passed, authorizing back pay to about 50 re- tired Governmeat employes. who worked for several weeks after they were slated to retire. It stil re- quires House action. — . Braggan Faces Long Sentence. KANSAS CITY, May 29 (#).—Rob- ert Roberts, 26, who bragged to police of crime on a wholesale scale in Chi- cago and Kansas City, faces 30 years’ imprisonment. Roberts pleaded guilty to three counts. WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, N 1935. TREASURY LIQUOR ONTROL STUDIED Enabling Legislation May Be | Requested Soon From Congress. By the Associated Press. An effort to give the Treasury com- plete control over the liquor traffic | was in contemplation today, with the | prospect that enabling legislation will | be requested soon from Congress. The situation created by the out- jawing of N. R. A. liquor codes under which the Federal Alcohol Control Administration functioned already has | been discussed by Herman Oliphant, | | general counsel of the Treasury, and‘ Attorney General Cummings. May Ask Licensing Power. In the absence of official comment it was believed the Treasury would ask complete authority for licensing | and for general supervision of liquor ’XHOVFMPHU in interstate commerce. While Secretary Morgenthau was represented as desiring that present | standards set up by the codes be con- tinued, it was said the department would not ask for fair practice legis- lation. | | The belief was held that keen com- | petition among distillers and the law | | of supply and demand would main- tain the quality of liquor despite the | absence of codes. Price-cutting by | retail liquor stores, however, already | has begun in some cities. | At present the Treasury's only con- { trol over the liquor industry is through taxation, and it has no authority to grant permits to distilleries or to limit | output, F. A. C. A. Fixed Tmport Quotas. | The F. A. C. A. which exercised those functions, also formerly de- termined import quotas of liquor. It was indicated the Treasury might seek this authority, possibly under sliding scale tariff laws. House Ways and Means Committee members recalled that before prohibi- tion, the Treasury could deny licenses to manufacturers and dealers unless they met prescribed conditions, and they forecast these conditions could be widened to provide satisfactory control of production and marketing. N.R. A I)(’(ll’l S( ene of Capital Tourists By the Associated Press The Supreme Court chamber was empty and still ioday, but many tour- ists paused outside the door to stare at the tall old chairs where the Justices when they killed N. R. A A Jolly middle-aged woman peered at the chamber intently, then turned to laugh: “The court of last up- heaval' Another, stout and thirtyish, mur- mured to her escort Doy, there's gonna be trouble now. Hugh. Guides chanted their speeches the hall outside “Last time next Monday. Then they move to the new Supreme Court chamber. Been sitting here since 1859. Used to be the Senate chamber before that. Last time here Mon- day. A few doors away the clerk of the court did a land-office business ves- terday furnishing copies of the deci- sions against N. R. A. and the Frazier-Lemke farm mortgage mora- torum law to legislators, officials and the public Compared with the historic opinion day just past, it appeared that the court’s final session in the present ! chamber Monday would “e something of an anti-climax. The most impor- tant of the five cases in which opin- ions may be handed down concerns the rates which telephone svb«cnbtrs must pay in Baltimore. in Bandlts Capture Guards. Bandits recently captured the na- for old oo S il L g Bring in your oid jewelry today. WHY AMERICA PREFERS BUDWEISER... Companion of Good Health Pure, wholesome food and drink are nec- essary to have and to Because it is pure, nourishing and rich in tonic qualities, BUDWEISER has long been the favorite beer of those who guard their health. Itisbrewed from the cream of each year’s barley crop and from selected American and imported Bohemian hops. "BUDWEISER is sealed in sterilized bottles and every bottle is pasteurized. It'is strength-building as well asrefreshing—a sensible and satisfying drink at any time. ANHEUSER-BU Wherever you ask for it — be sure gou get the genuine Budweiser THE HEALTH DRINK ANHEUSER-BUSCH, Inc., Washington, D. C., Branch, Delaware, Virginia Aves. keep a healthy body. SCHeST.LOUIS ‘-nd E St. S.W. Telephones:MEtropolitan 0812 X FARM MORTGAGE DRIVE UNLIKELY Pressure by Insurance Com- panies Scouted by Ex- ecutives. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, May 29—Insurance | company executives voiced assurance yesterday that their companies would | not start a rush of foreclosure actions against mortgaged farms or demand that the owners immediately come to terms over their debt arrears, Nullification of the Frazier-Lemke act by the Supreme Court will find them patient, they said, with respect to their ownership of $1.165,000,000 of farm mortgages, or approximately | one-sixth of the estimated total of | $8.000,000,000 of such mortgages now outstanding. ‘The executives declined to be quoted directly for the time being, but one insurance company president said: “We have no intention of stepping | into the villain’s role, of rushing with legal weapons to foreclose on homes and farms that are in mortgage ar- rears. “We shall co-operate with the farmer. He is doing a good job, as well as he can in the circumstances, and we shall be patient with him while he is working out his problems.” A number of insurancé ccmpany heads said they would rather have the owner on the farm than a tenant farmer. Only as a last resort, thev said, would the companies want the farm properties. FARM BELT VIEWS DIFFER. Farm Credit Administrator Says Ef- fects Not Serious, KANSAS CITY, May 29 (#)— Opinions _differed today in the farm belt on the possible effect of the Su- preme Court decision invalidating the Frazier-Lemke farm mortgage mora- torium act. “The action of the Supreme Court has little effect upon u said M. I Jones, a Washington representative of the Farm Credit Administration at Oklahoma City “It will work a hardship on those farmers who have filed under its pro- visions,” said Cal A. Ward of Salina Kans., president of the Kansas Farm- ers’ Union Jones, the Farm Credit tration representative, asserted can establish a more mrthnd of handling farm credit hrough the production credit asso- rnaw»ns than would be possi the Prazier-Lemke act.” Walter Singler. president of Wisconsin Co-operative Milk Pool. said at Milwaukee: “Farmers have lost the law before its full benefits could be felt. If the decision has a retroactive effect I'm afraid it will mean trouble in the State. Farmers I talked to are surprised and chagrined.” U. S. JOB ANNOUNCED Adminis- “We satisfactory Civil Service Receiving Applica- cations for Diesel Engineman. Applications will be received Civil Service Commission u 3 for the position of second as Diesel engineman in the Quartermas- ter Corps, Fort Washington The post pavs $1.800 and details are available at the commission, the civil service examiners at the Alexan- dria Post Office and the quartermas- ter, Fort Washington A8 MARSHAL KILLS TWO Politics Blamed for Shooting of Brothers in Missourd. FLAT RIVER, Mo., May 29 (#).— Two men were shot and killed here yesterday in a fight with Night Mar- shal Henry Schwent. The dead men are Joe and Archie Faulkner, brothers and former lead miners. Cause of the fight was obscure, but it was said to have been an outgrowth of town politics. _ The marshal said the brothers wers intoxicated and that they had him down and were stomping on him when he managed to draw his pistol, jump up, and shoot both of them. Human Nature In Your Milk THERE is nothing miraculous or supernatural about the milk business. Its stock-in-trade is trans- ported, processed, and deliv- ered by an organization ef men and women. They are thoroughly human in their sensibilities and reac- tions. They like to be treated fairly; they expect to treat others fairly. They live by creating and keep- ing the good will of the pub- lic they serve. They know the milk business through and through. They are proud of it. They welcome visitors in search of light and leading. They keep continuous open house. The milk business is not done with mirrors. Every act is performed in full view of every one who takes the trouble to observe operations at first hand. There is noth- ing up our sleeves. We would like for you to see the human side of the milk business. Whether or not you are from Missouri, come and be shown, If you can’t come in person, write us any questions in your mind. It will be a gen- uine pleasure to respond as informatively as we would face to face. Ayt PRESIDENT CHESTNUT FARMS- CHEVY CHASE DAIRY NOTICE: Fred Pelzman’s 9th & E FASHION SHOP Will S00n close its doors / IN THE THURSDAY STAR We Will Announce a Sensational LAST-MINUTE UMMAGE OF ALL REMAINING STOCK! Watch the Thursday Star! HELP WANTED: MALE Experienced clothing and haberdashery salesmen apply to Mr. Schoenberg at the 9th and E Fashion Shop before 8:00 p.m. Wednesday for immediate employment.