Evening Star Newspaper, May 28, 1935, Page 2

TA—2 %% AMENDMENT HELD NEW DEAL'S NEED Government by Subterfuge Seen Killed by High Court Decision. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. Government by subterfuge is dead, and the Constitution lives again! Thus might all three of the deci- sions rendered unanimously by the Supreme Court of the United States be epitomized. If the New Deal wishes to proceed with its ideas of centralized govern- ment and regulation of business by codes, it must obtain sanction through an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, approved by two- thirds of both Houses of Congress and approved by the people of at least three-fourths of the States of the Union. What the Supreme Court said in effect was this: 1. The President cannot make the laws of the land. 2. Industrial and trade groups can- not make the laws. 3. Bureau chiefs and executive ‘officials cannot make the laws. 4, Congress alone can make the laws, and only in conformity with the Federal power as written in the Constitution. Federal Power Defined. Having set forth these principles, | the Supreme Court proceeded to define once more what is and what is not Federal power. 1. Congress cannot regulate busi- nesses that are not plainly engaged in interstate commerce. 2. The fact that a business opera- tion “affects” interstate commerce, even though it is & transaction inside @ State. does not mean that the Fed- eral power can be invoked against it. 3. The difference between interstate #nd intrastate commerce is a question of fact, not theory. The relationship cannot be remote, but must be proved to be a real injury to interstate commerce. 4. Regulation of wages and hours in a business not engeged in inter- state commerce does not affect inter- state commerce, and there is no Fed- eral power to regulate wage levels any ore than there is Federal power to regulate any other item entering into cost. like preduction, distribution, sdvertising or the like. Can't Overestimate Consequences. The consequences of these pro- nouncements, as contained in the opinion rendered by Chief Justice Hughes, cannot be overestimated. Briefl here are the immediate results: 1. The N. R. A. and all the codes are declared unconstitutional and are | hence invalid from about 2 pm. on Monday afternoon, May 27. i 2. The Federal Alcohol Administra_ tion. which controls the liquor traffic, | has lost its authority under the N. R. A. and must get new legislation, which it certainly can quickly obtain under the tweaty-first amendment to the Constitution, which empowers CQn- gress to enact laws governing ship- ments of liquor into States which rohibit it and in foreign commerce. %‘he Federal power is complete. The right to inquire into consignments as 1o origin and destination will give the F. A. C. A. a new lease on life. . 3. The agricultural adjustment act, $n a0 far as it relates to licenses, is lainly invalid, though it may be ;ecessnry to carry test cases to the Supreme Court to determine this finally. Meanwhile, amendments may endeavor to meet court objections, though it is diffi- cult to see how it can be done effec- tively. The answer here may be to Bcrap the A. A. A. from the license point of view and adopt the export bounty plan, which is already in the nding bill and which seeks to handle firpluses by paying a higher domestic price than is paid in the export mar- ket. food business approve the plan. Wagner Bill Invalid. 4. The Wagner labor bill, as passed | by the Senate, is obviously invalid. The common law protects the right of collective bargaining, but the Fed- eral power cannot extend to compul- sion or coercion over employers, as has been attempted by the National Labor Relations Board in the Houde case and as is set forth in the pro- posed Wagner bill. Also, it would seem that the cases instituted in the rubber industry now would end in the determination that the Labor Board has no power over rubber manu- facturing. 5. Processing taxes and taxes on pay rolls in the proposed social secu- | rity legislation may or may not have been impaired by the latest decisions, but they were never based on the commerce clause of the Constitution, anyway. There was a hint in the Chief Justice's decision, however, that the court might have something to say about due process, namely, the taking of property without compen- sation, as might be the result if a business were forced to pay a pay roll tax that it couldn’t afford. But these questions are left to the future, cer- tainly until another year of litigation has passed. The fact that the Court acted unanimously, that it swept aside un- equivocally all the trick phrases and devices which, for nearly two years, have come from the “brain trust” lawyers and have been acquiesced in by Congress, because of a fear that, to oppose them, might incur presidential disfavor, makes all the more momen- tous the historic decision of the highest tribunal in the land. Public attention, of course, was focussed on the N. R. A. case, but no less important was the verdict to the effect that President Roosevelt went beyond his authority in removing Wil- liam E. Humphreys from the Federal Trade Commission when the law plainly stated the only grounds on which removal was justified. Mr. Roosevelt was poorly advised when he wrote Mr. Humphreys that he had served satisfactorily in every respect, but that, in effect, his policies were not liked by the Executive. The Court’s decision now makes se- eure the tenure of every member of every quasi-judicial commission or board who has been appointed for a fixed term and who is not guilty of neglect of duty or any of the specific causes set forth by Congress. Morale Will Be Strengthened. The morale of all governmental commissions will be strengthened now that the rule has been established that the spoils system of political removals s not to encompass these commissions or boards set up by Congress for spe- cific functions of either a quasi-legis- Iative or quasi-judicial character. Monday of this week will go down in history as the most important de- cision day of the century. For the Court swept aside all attempts to com- bine the legislative and executive branch of Government into one and also the effort to usurp on behalf of the Federal Government powers be- longing to the States or reserved to the whole people. « The court said then: | the A. A A.| Many of those engaged in the What’s What Behind News In Capital Flood of Federal Money to Be Spent in Next Three Months. [ money is going to go down into many business wells dur- ing the next three months. Take the quiet-molving C. C. C., for instance No one pays much atten- tion to it, but its unannounced pro- gram calls for an expediture of 42 to 45 millions dollars & month during June, July and August. Formerly it spent only 28 to 30 millions monthly, although this past month the rate ran up to 43 millions in anticipa- tion of doubling the capacity of the camps. Business men (and speculators) may erpect an output of $100,- 000,000 for the purchase of sup- plies for the C. C, C. About $25,- 000,000 will go for motor trucks and heavy machinery, $10,000,000 to $15,000,000 for lumber and hard- ware, $30.000,000 to $35,000,000 for clothing. Babies never have needed shoes like the C. C. C. boys. A mil- lion pairs, roughly, will be ordered in the mext three months. Food expenditures will amount to $5,- 000,000 monthly. All orders will go to private industry through the War Department supplies purchas- ing bureau. Now this may not be pump-priming, strictly speaking. The jump end of the policy was not primarily consid- |ered. But that will make no differ- ence to the shoemakers, the auto makers, et al, down in the well. BY PAUL MALLON. RESIDENT ROOSEVELT has publicly sworn off pump-prim- ing, but a lot of Government | The P. W. A. pump handle operated | by Mr. Ickes has been shortened under this new relief set-up. But it has not been thrown away, as .cver- tised. Unpublished estimates by re- lief authorities indicate almost $2.- 000,000,000 (nearly half) of the new Walker - Ickes - Hopkins expenditures will eventually go for materials. Industries to be benefited most will be cement, lumber, steel, gravel, pipe, glass, asphalt, stone, tools. The outpouring for materials in the coming quarter is expected to be roads $120.000,000; grade cross- ings $180,000,000; flood control $76,000,000; non-Federal $65,000,- 000; rual aid $30,000,000. The . THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ~ Sister Visits Copyright, A. “new evidence.” SECRECY SHROUDS TREASURY PARLEY Plans for Three-Quarter Billion Financing. By the Associated Pres total is $471,000,000. Add on the C. C. C. expeditures and ‘, you will find that nearly $600.000.000 of extra supplies will be purchased by the Government during the coming | supposedly slack Summer quarter year. | | New Projects Lighter. If you look into these figures you | likewise will find the labor key to the | new relief program. The old pro- | gram spent three times as much for | materials as for labor, because of | | heavy projects involved (big dams, | etc.). The new urojects will be of | | lighter type, so labor probably will | get slightly more than half the money. | Alphabet Increase Barred. | The alphabet soup is to have no | | more ingredients, no more XYZs and | | ABCs The President made that plain the other day to a caller who recom- | | i he said he wanted no more new agen- | cies of government. Any move to set up the board cutside would meet with White House disapproval for that reason. 1f you look up the soup’s history you will find that Mr. Roosevelt has put 50 mew governmental or- ganizations into it since he started. The actual figure is 60, but there is some duplication. This trend away from soup enlarge- | ment can be noted in the new relief set-up In it Mr. Roosevelt is using about 60 existing Government agen- cies, but is creating only three new ones —Dr. Tugwell's Resettiement Remedy Administration, the Rural Electrification Administration and the Advisory Committee on Allotments. Ickes Writing Again. Mr Ickes is writing a new book. It is not just another book exp.aining now good the New Dea! is. His asso- | | ciates predict it will be a acorcher, | | telling the inside l.istory of the P. W. | | A. II it tells all, it will be, but that is too much to expect just yet. For one thing, the book is supposed to lay a lath rather roughtly across llhe back of Lew Douglas, the former budget director of the New Deal, whose speeches lately have been get- ting under a few 1des here. If those Iperaon.s who have been reading copy | over Mr. Ickes snoulder are to be be- | lieved, the book wiil say that Douglas | was so dead set sgainst Government expenditures he once urged the Presi- | ident not to spend any cf the original relief funds appropriated by Congress. | | . The law appropriating the money | did not specifically require the Presi- | dent to spend it. Labor Leaders Cool. Labor leaders have cooled off some- what since they discovered that the new relief wage rate schedule is not exactly what it was announced to be. The cooling was accomplishea when Miss Perkins and Harry Hop- kins privately erplained the pub- lished announcement in a private session with building trades labor leaders. The wide exemptions, the guarantee of year-around work and the application of lowest rates to only a remote special class of un- skilled labors was then pointed out. Labor Secretary Perkins is supposed to have received a pledge that there will be no strikes due to that situa- tion. Current Washinglon unrest is not in labor circles, but in Mr. Roper’s Business Advisory Council. A few resignations are in the making Some of the business members are ired of trying to bore the New Deal from within and are ready to give it up. (Oopyright. 1035.) Japan Ships Pottery. Japan exported over $13,000,000 worth of potiary h!tm. The Treasury maintained silence today regarding a conference attended by Secretary Morgenthau and Herman Oliphant, the Treasury's general coun- sel, at the White House yesterday. At a press conference following his declined to reveal what they had dis- cussed, but did disclose plans for a three-quarter-billion refinancing oper- ation in Jun Some obst routine financing operations would prompt such a meeting as Mr. Roose- velt had with his financial advisers. Administration officials, meanwhile,| T. V A. amendments that alreldy; turned aside all inquiries as to wheth- er or not any overtures looking to a received from abroad. Morgenthau be “no obstacle” to negotiations for international currency stabilization. In the June refinancing operation Morgenthau said an issue of notes would be offered on an exchange basis to holders of two securities soon fall- ing due. These comprise $416.602,800 of 3 per cent notes maturing June 15 and $353,865.000 of 135 per cent notes | maturing August 1. - NEWS MEN TO CRUISE North Carolina Press Association to Meet Aboard Ship. RALEIGH, N. C,, May 28 (#).—The North Carolina Press Association will depart from its custom of holding its annual convention at the mountains or the seashore and this year will meet aboard ship while on a cruise from Norfolk, Va., to Boston, Mass. The Executive Committee met here and voted for a five-day convention | cruise to start July 17. Two days will be spent in and around Boston. One-Eyed Drivers. The ancient Cyclops of mythology ‘Was a one-eyed giant who went about destroying lives. He was an execu- tioner for the ancent gods, and his job was to hurl the deadly thunder- bolts. The “one-eyed motorist” of today may not have the sinister motives, but results are often the same. Many & head-on crash can be traced di- rectly to the fact that one of the cars had only one light. Lights burn out, of course, after a certain amount of usage. Be pre- pared for such an emergency by carrying a couple of spare bulbs in the pocket of your car. They can be replaced- with a few minutes’ work, or just pull up at the nearest gas sta- tion and let the service man do the Night driving is hazardous enough under ordinary conditions, but more 80 when the motorist tries to make one headlight do the work of two. See that both headlights are burn- ing and always dim your lights when another car approaches. Be tail light is in l? working order, Morgenthau Only Discloses | sure the s 108, Hauptmann P. Wirephoto. Miss Emma Gloeckner of Los Angeles, Calif,, sister of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, and her attorney, Vincent A. Marco, shown outside the State Prison at Trenton. N. J., where they visited the convicted man to discuss They hope this evidence, which is being kept secret, will establish his innocence in the Lindbergh kidnap case. COMPROMISE BILL Out to Foes as McSwain Calls Session. By the Assoclated Press. Drastic concessions were held out today to foes of T. V. A. in a drive to permit a House vote this session on expansion of the huge adminis- | tration power program in the Ten- | nessee Valley. | With a compromise bill in his pock- | et, Chairman McSwain, Democrat, of | Military Committee intc a secret ses- | sion that gave promise of renewing & bitter, weeks-long battle over T. V. A. act amendments. McSwain's strategy called first for { T. V_A. opponenis a motion to re- consider the 13-10-12 vote by which the committee tabied last Friday the | had passed througn the Senaie. But one of the 'eacers of the op- | world economic conference had been | position, Representalive May, Demo- crat, of Kentucky reasserted his group mended the establishment of tie new and Secretary Hull recently opened Wwould not “give an inch” on the National Labor Relations Board as the door for such offers, the Treasury | controversial legislation | an independent agancy. Emphatically chief asserting that Washington would Wwritten just as they want it. unless it is Major Concessions Offered. With that ultimatum confronting him, the chairman was prepared to offer compromises which he consid- | ered acceptable to a majority of the committee. They would: Place with the controller general administration of funds for any con- | struction undertaken after the Wheeler and Norris Dams, now un- der construction, aie completed Let the Federal Power Commission, instead of the T. V. A. directors, estab- lish a cost accounting system under would be determined. | Forbid sales of T. V. A. power under ! the cost of production after output increased sufficiently to carry the cost. to decide when T. V. A. was producing “surplus” power. Prevent T. V. A. operations from | harming private business projects al- | ready being developed in the Ten- nessee Basin, such as that of the | Aluminum Co. of America. Norris Again Hits MecCarl. Meaawhile, Senator Norris, ardent sponsor of the T. V. A., had kept alive the dispute with Controller General | J. R. McCarl, his one-time secretary, by making public a letter to the latter in which he charged McCarl's in- sistence that T. V. A. expenditures be made to conform to general statutes was threatening the act. Star Marathon lough Hitch-Hikes From Barksdale Field. Many a marathon runner has hitch- Liked to The Evening Star’s annual 1ace from distant points in the last three years, but Pvt. Robert E. Mc- Cullough, stationed at Barksdale Pleld, La., is the first to thumb it by airplane. McCullough arrived at Bolling Field today after a two-hop flight from Barksdale, near Shreveport. Simultaneously with his obtaining 2 10-day furlough, McCullough learned of the transfer of three planes from Barksdale to Langley and begged a ride. The Army pilot Was pleased to have company. It was an exciting trip. The planes, almost obsolete, were in the hands of before the flight got under way. “We flew from 10 feet above the ground to 10,000, said McCullough, “and although I've traveled around 20,000 miles in planes, this was the first flight that gave me & real kick.” He arrived at Langley in time to thumb a bomber about to take off for Bolling Field. McCullough comes to The Stars race, to be held Saturday, to gain experience for the Oympic marathon trials next year. If he goes to the games at Berlin he will have at least SOUGHTONT.V.A. Drastic Concessions Held | which the T. V. A. power “yardstick” | | Give the Power Commission the right | Pvt. Robert E. McCul-| pilots who never had handled the type | and one of the ships twice went dead | TUESDAY, HUMPHREY RULING| SHIELDS. OFFICERS Supreme Court Decision Hits at Roosevelt’s Ouster of Trade Commissioner. C., By the Associated Press. Fyotection against summary dis- missal today encircled officials of legis- lative and judicial Federal agencies as & result of a Supreme Court decision holding that they cannot be removed by the Presideny except for cause. In an opinion by Justice Sutherland, the court declared yesterday: “It is quit> evident that one who holds his office only during the pleas- ure of another cannot be depended upon to maintain an attitude of jn- dependence against the latter's will.” The decision struck directly at President Roosevelt's removal from the Trade Commission of the late William E. Humphrey. It held that while a President might discharge executive employes, the power claimed in the Humphrey case was one whose “coer- cive inflyence threatens the influence of a commission * * * which was cre- ated by Congress as a means of carry- ing into operation legislative and judicial powers. and as an agency of the legislative and judicial depart- ments.” Humphrey, a former Republican Representative, was appointed by for- mer President Hoover to a seven-year term, expiring in 1933. In July, 1933, President Roosevelt requested his res- ignation, saying the work of the com- mission could be carried out most ecutive’s own selection. When Humphrey refused to quit, the President in October, 1933, in- formed him that he was “hereby re- moved” from office. The former commissioner died Feb- ruary 14, 193¢ The court's decision in effect instructed the Court of Claims to decide how much money in salary should be paid to his estate for the four-month period between the date of his dismissal and his death. SPRING FLOWER SHOW WON BY W. H. BOZARTH Woodridge Garden Club Makes Awards at Sherwood Pres- byterian Sunday School. | show of the Woodridge Garden Club, effectively with personnel of the Ex-| W. H. Bozarth was declared sweep- | stakes winner of the Spring flower | MAY 28, 1935 She Wants Mrs. Oliva Dionne, mother of old today, with Bill, a collie puppy, BABES YEAR OLD, - NRS.DIONN 5AD Quintuplets’ Mother Pens Message Against Way She Is Treated. Dionne Babies Show Marked Weight Gain During Year’s Time By the Associated Press. held in Sherwood Presbyterian Sun- | day School Building, Twenty-second east, last night. The judges were Dr. Howard R. Watkins of the United States Department of Agriculture and Mrs. M. B. Payne, Barcroft, Va. ‘The winner of first honors for the best rose in the show went to W. H. Gannaway, Bullock” and the best peony, & “Mme. Butterfly,” by Dr. J. A. Gam- ble. Special honorable mention was | given to the collection of new un- | talk with the President Morgenthau | gouth Carolina, called the House | Named varieties of roses exhibited by | Dr. Whitman Cross. | Winners of first prizes in the vari- | | ous classes were: | _ Arrangement of mixed flowers— | Basket 16 inches or over, W. H. rs questioned whnhrr! an attempt to obtain from one of the | Bozarth: basket under 16 inches, Mrs. | A. L. Foster; vase, Mrs. George L. Gee; bowl, Mrs. A. L. Foster; ar- rangement by boy or girl under 13, Betty Gamble: wildflowers, Mrs. G. T. | Boul; dish garden, Mrs. George L. | Gee; miniatures, Mrs. H. T. Stowell; | corsage, Mrs. J. A. Gamble; novelty, Mrs. A. L. Foster. Roses—Tea and hybrid-tea ever- blooming, red or crimson, Dr. J. A. ‘Gamble; red Radiance. A. H. Engel- | brecht: white, Dr. Gamble: pink ' Radiance. Dr. Gamble; other varieties, Dr. Gamble; deep pink, Dr. Gamble; | yellow or orange, Dr. Gamble; others, | G. 8. Marshall. | Roses—Hybrid. white, Doris Gam- 1$7,000,000 ASKED FOR D. C. LOW-COST HOUSING PROJECTS —_(Continued From First Page) ‘lu self-liquidating in 16 States, and $1,039,000 for rivers and harbors work in three States. Yesterday the President’s Advisory Committee on Work-Relief Allotments ‘canceled a scheduled meeting at the White House with word it would not convene again until next Monday. It was learned that Maj. George Berry, president of the International Pressmen’s Union and an N. R. A. division administrator, has attended two of the committee’s sessions as a labor representative. There has been no official announcement of his ap- pointment to the committee, how- ever. The Allotments Committee has held only two of four scheduled meetings since it announced at its first session, May 7. it would meet Mondays and Thursdays. | Race Entrant Thumbs Way Here by Plane ROBERT E. McCULLOUGH. —Star Staff Photo. other marathoners. He speaks Ger- man fluently; spent four years at the University of Mississippi. | street and Rhode Island avenue north- | who exhibited “Martha | CALLANDER, Ontario, May 2& —One year of growth of the Dionne quintuplets is shown in the following table: Yvonne ... Annete ... Cecile ... Emilie Marie . Total weight when born, pounds, 2'; ounces. Total weight today, 84 pounds 573 ounces. Normal weight of five bables &% end of first year, 90 pounds. 10 BY PMYLLIS GRIFFITHS. | Special Dispateh to The Star. | CALLANDER, Ontario, May 28 (NANA).—Mrs. Oliva Dionne, mother of the most famous babies in | the world, has a message for all the | thousands who are wishing her quin- | tuplets “many happy returns” of their | 1st birthday anniversary which falls today, and this is the message, direct- ly translated from the French: “On this day, the birthday of the quintuplets, it is my hope that other mothers are happier than I, who have | been separated from these children the whole year.” She wrote the message, forming the words with the painstaking de- liberation of one who has had only three years' schooling, as she sat at the kitchen table of the Dionne farm house, a long stone’s throw from the well-appointed Dafoe Hospital, where five sturdy littlq maids are being showered with birthday gifts. The 26-year-old mother added her signature—Elzire Dionne—as an aft- erthought, across the corner of the half-sheet of note paper, after having R Quintuplets.” Wants Kindness at Hospital. “That tefls just how I feel,” said | Mrs. Dionne, her big brown eyes clouded and somber. “I am glad that | my babies, my five little ones, are | safely at their 1st birthday, yes. But |1 want them myself—to feel that I am their mother, and have some say about what is done for them. I would keep them in the hospital, certainly, but with people there who would smile at me when I entered, and not | turn coldly away, and who would say ‘How do you do,’ and not act as those people there now do. They won't even look at me. I am treated worse than a stranger.” She was asked if that was why she | did not go oftener than once or twice a week to see the quintuplets in their bright hospital nursery. “That is why,” said their mother, and her eyes brimmed with tears. “Every time I go to the hospital, I feel bad. And it mi me more lonesome for my babies. Mrs. Dionne pulled a rocking chair near the stove, for Spring days are | chilly in Northern Ontario, and rocked in silence for a minute. “I'm going to see my babies more from now on, anyhow. 1 want them to know me and look for me.” Dr. Dafoe Was Slow. Mrs. Dionne was asked her feelings toward Dr. Roy Dafoe, who brought the children into the world. swept into rapid sentences: “It was not Dr. Dafoe who saved the babies’ lives, or my life. It was le bon Dieu. I give thanks to divine Providence. Dr. Dafoe has had too much praise—too much eredit. Three of the babies were born before he came, he was s0 slow.” “Dr. Dafoe says our other chil- dren have chronic colds, and shouldn’t visit the quintuplets,” said the mother of the five 1-year-olds and of Krnest, 8; Rose, 7; Therese, 6; Dauiel, 3, and Pauline, whose second birthday comes next montn. “But Dr. Dafoe hasn't made any effcrt to treat them for these colds. The children often ask to go to see the babies We have to tell them no.” And when tne photographer, taking her “first anniversary” picture. ex- horted her to “Smile, Mrs. Dionne, please,” she said, with s trace of bit- terness: “I have nothing to smile over.” McCullough was a member of the Ole Miss track team throughout his college career and won distinction as a middle and long distance runner. His ambition is to e an Army air pilot, having spent nearly two years in the ground force. He is 26, He i quartered at Boiling Fleld. 2 \ . 1935 by the North American (CoPT TR wevaper Allisnce. Ine.) Importers Penalized. Haiti has & new law penalizing countries which sell {o it but do not, l’nzmmwrehmuhln'lmfi the famous quintuplets who are 1 year &- previously signed it “Mother of the She | Her Babies % which is the latest “family addition.” ANGLO-LS.UNTY URGEDBY BALDWIN Cites Combined Navies and l Manpower in Mainte- ! nance of Peace. | Anglo-American co-operation in main- tenance of world peace received a new | impetus today under the leadership of | Stanley Baldwin, lord president of the Council. | “Our combined powers of the navies, | the potential manpower and the im- mediate economic power of refusal to By the Associated Press. LONDON, May 28.—Sentiment for ' trade or lend money would be a sanc- | tion no power on earth, however strong. couid face.” he said. Baldwin, who is expected soon to replace Prime Minister Ramsay Mac- Donald as head of the government. made his plea for closer relations be- tween the United States and Great Britain in an address last night at a meeting of Conservative women. | “I have always believed the greatest security against war in any part of the world whatever—in Europe. in the East, anywhere—would be the close | collaboration of the British Empire | with the United States,” Baldwin said. | The Conservative leader criticized | Reichsfuehrer Hitler for actions dis- ! turbing to the peace of Europe. “Comparatively recently,” he said, “it looked as if we were getting to a basis of agresment which might have | led somewhere, but at that moment | the Germans withdrew from the League and the. whole situation was altered by the advent of Herr Hitler to power.” joined Baldwin in the advocacy of the Anglo-American co-operation. Speaking at a women's political gathering, he said that Great Britain's friendship with the United States was of first importance. “It will grow,” he | said. “Everything we can do to pro- | mote it will be readily and eagerly done.” 'ROOSEVELT SIGNS H. 0. L. C. MEASURE $1,750,000,000 Increase in Loans Authorized by New Law. President Roosevelt today signed the bill increasing the capitalization of the Home Owners’ Loan Corp. by | $1,750.000.000. thus putting into mo- tion the machinery making it possible | for the agency to resume receiving | applications for loans from distressed home owners. Preparing to meet & fresh deluge of appeals from debt-burdened home owners, officials of the corporation disclosed today that marked resistance to their efforts to extend aid has developed ' recently among mortgage- holders. Many of the applications which have been on fiile since November are proving unacceptable, officials said privately, and lenders heartened by improving real estate values are re- fusing to accept home loan bonds or to reduce the face value of the dis- | tressed mortgages they hold. Thousands of informal requests are now on file at field offices. These are tions as rapidly as the applicants can make out the necessary papers. By the Associated Press. ‘TODAY. Senate. Takes up general calendar pending decision on whether to continue A. A. A. debate. Banking Committee hears Louis Ward, speaking for Father Coughlin. House, Takes up miscellaneous business. Agriculture Committee reconsiders |A. A. A. amendments. ‘Tomorrow. | Senate. Probably will take up utility holding company bill. Banking Subcommittee continues hearing on banking bill. Commerce Committee resumes hear- ings on river and harbor bill. Appropriations Committee may meet to act on legislative bill. House. Program uncertain. ttee meets at 10:30 b Capt. Anthony Eden, lord privy seal. | to be converted into formal applica- | FRAZIER GLOOMY, SEES LITTLE HOPE Co-Author of Moratorium Law Is Fearful of Foreclosures. By the Associated Press. Senator Prazier, Republican, of North Dakota, co-author of the farm moregage moratorium law wiped out by the Supreme Court yesterda: pressed little hope today that new legislation meeting the court's objec- tions could be passed. Gloomily, he predicted that mort- gage-holders who had been influenced by the law to reduce their claims now would “go back to foreclosing.” He said it was the duty of the debt- burdened farmers to organize to save their homes. “Why shouldn't they protect their homes?” he demanded. “It isn't their fault that the prices they receive for their products are not sufficient to pay their debts. I put home rights and family life above property rights ev- ery time. I can't get the viewpoint of the court deciding that property rights come first.” Emergency’s End Feared. He expressed fear also that, if farm- ers have a good crop this year, the emergency under which they have ob- tained relief under State moratorium laws might be declared at an end and more foreclosures ordered. “Actually, one crop won't be nearly enough to enable them to pay out,” | he explained. “I'm afraid it's going to be a pretty serious situation.” The Frazier-Lemke act, which the Supreme Court ruled out unanmmofisly, allowed farmers to retain their lands for five years at a rental despite ef- forts of mortgage holders to fore- close. At the end of five years it gave the farmer an opportuaity to satisfy the mor‘gage by paying the ne:rly appraised value of his prop- erty. Door May Re Left Open. Associate Justice Brandeis. who wrote the opinion, emphasized that the fifth amendment commands that “however great the Nation's need private property shall not oe thus taken even for a wholly pubiic use without just compensation.” Some observers saw in one por- tion of the decision a possible open- ing for new legislation to accomplish the purpose of Lhe act by another route. It read: “If the public interest requires and permits the taking of property of in- dividual mortgazes in order to relieve the necessities of individual mort- gagors, resort must be had to pro- ceedings by eminent doman; so that through taxation the burden of re- lief afforded in the public interest may be borne by ine public.” Senator Frazier said it might be possible, under this opinion, to draft a valid bill authorizing the Govern- ment to take over deeply-mortgaged farms and lease them to their former owners, but that this would be “even more radical' than his own measure and that he doubted it could be en- acted. | Privileges Little Used. Reports from the Farm Credit Ad- ministration and from courts in dif- ferent parts of the country indicated a comparatively small number of farmers actually had used the privi- leges granted by the Prazier-Lemke act. It was said those cases in the courts probably would be dismissed promptly. Officials of the Farm Credit Admin- istration had been arranging reduc- tions in their mortgages through the 2,200 county debt adjustment com- mittees which have been established in 44 States. Friends of the Frazer- Lemke bill contended that its existence had been a powerful lever aiding these adjustment committees. Belief was expressed in authoritative quarters that all contracts and adjust- ments made under the moratorium act would be void immediately and that the situation between farm debtors who used the law and their creditors would revert to that prior to such adjustment. FLYER PLANNING HOF ACROSS SEA ARRIVES {Lieut. Waitkus to Be Guest of Lithuanian Society at Din- i ner Tonight. Lieut. Felix Waitkus, Army Air rps Reserve, who is planning a on-stop flight from New York to Kaunas, Lithuania, about June 320, will be the guest of the Washington Chapter of the American Lithuanian | Society at a dinner tonight in the | Washington Hotel. | Lieut. Waitkus, who now lives at | Kohler, Wis,, flew to Washington | today and was met at Washington | Airport by a delegation representing | the society and the Lithuanian Lega- | tion, | Born in Chicago on June 20, 1907, | Lieut. Waitkus, after his graduation from Chicago public scheols and the |Umversny of Chicago, served for | eight months in Company A, 9th | Engineers, at Fort Riley, Kans, and | then was appointed a flying cadet and | sent to March Field, Calif., for pri- mary training. He graduated from the Advanced | Flying School, Kelly Field, Texas, | June 21, 1930, was commissioned ‘a second lieutenant, reserve, and sent to Selfridge Field, Mich., for duty as a pursuit pilot. He had 16 months | of active duty and in October. 1931, was promoted to first lieutenant. Among the guests invited to to- night's dinner are Senators Barbour of New Jersey, Lewis of Illinois, Walsh of | Massachusetts and Burke of Nebras- ka: Gov. Nice of Maryland and Mayor | Jackson of Baltimore, members of the House of Representatives and Federal and local officials. Dr. John F. Bra- zinsky, assistant dean of dentistry at Georgetown University, will be master of ceremonies, and Roger J. Esunas, chairman of the Washington chapter of the society, will be in charge. TEACHER LOSES FIGHT. Ouster in Row Over Flag Upheld by State School Chief. ALBANY N, Y., May 28 (#) —Miss Esther De Lee, pretty Pompey Hollow school teacher, who iost her job as a result of an argument with a school trustee over the display of the Ameri- can flag, lost her fight for reinstate- ment by & decision of Dr. Frank P. Graves, State commissioner of edu- cation, today. The education commissioner also granted the petition of a group of Pompey Hollow school district resi- dents for the removal of James M. Armstrong, the trustee who dis- charged Miss De Lee. Vehicles Have Three Wheels. ‘Three-wheel motor vehicles are ‘mmcmmnmm‘