Evening Star Newspaper, May 17, 1935, Page 2

A—2 waw FIVE MAJOR BILLS EXPECTED TOPASS Greatest Reform Congress in History Predicted for Present Session. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. Group pressure plus administration | support probably will enact into law | within the next 30 or 60 days the following pleces of far-reaching leg- islation: 1. The Wagner labor bill, giving labor unions exclusive bargaining | power whenever they are in the ma- Jority and thus forcing what amounts to a closed shop in industry. 2. A banking bill authorizing the Federal Government to control credit and the issuance of money and the | forcing of Government loans upon | banks. | 3. A utility regulation bill destroy- ing holding company structures and putting the Federal Government defi- nitely in control of the electric light and power industry. Tighter N. R. A, Law Forecast. 4. New legislation empowering the Department of Agriculture to assume | licensing control of fcod and process- ing industries and to force marketing agreements upon distributors of farm products. 5. Enlargement of the national in- dustrial recovery act to tighten gov- ernmental control over basic indus- tries and businesses that are deemed to “affect” interstate commerce. The labor groups have forced the Benate to pass the Wagner bill and, | as for the House, where the measure is called the Connery bill, there re- | mains only to straighten out the dif- ferences that exist as to the adminis- trative agency to operate the law, whether it shall be the Department of Labor or a National Labor Board. This will be finally decided by the President and the bill will become law. The farm groups are being lined up to support the A. A. A. amendments and, since the administration by its vast machinery can control farm groups, the legislation may be consid- ered as virtually assured of passage. Business Down to Defeat. ‘With farm and labor groups mus- tered behind administration measures, the business groups have suffered a severe defeat at almost every turn. They have relied on the administration to represent the broad public interest as against class legislation and have not been as militant or aggressive in their opposition and, with one or two exceptions, the business groups have not tried to line up votes back home by a public campaign. Business men here and there have expressed themselves by public speeches or resolutions such as the Chamber of Commerce adopted, but they have not organized any pressure group by votes in the home precincts such as the American Federation of Labor and American Legion have mobilized for legislative purposes. The consequence is that the Federal courts will have an avalanche of law- suits testing the constitutionality of the various measures. If the Supreme Court takes the view of Federal power it did in the railroad pension case, then most of the legislation being passed will strike some snag in the Judicial process. But, meanwhile, as in the case of N. R. A, the Federal control will be so intertwined in the operations of business that an”un- scrambling process will be difficult. Great Uncertainty Predicted. ‘The prospects are for a period of great uncertainty for the next two years as a result of the legislation being passed by the present Congress, | which probably will go down in his- | tory—or up as the case may be—| because of having passed more legis- lation of a so-called reform character affecting the operations of business and industry than aeny other single session of Congress from the begin- | ning of the Republic. Out of this session will come issués for 1936 and 1938 and political campaigns for many years to come, for the changes being made are fun- damental. Only a handful of mem- bers of Congress at present are aware ‘ of these implications, or, rather, are disturbed by them. Most members | realize the extent of the transforma- | tion involved, but as long as the masses seem to be going along with | the Roosevelt point of view, they are | timid about expressing or voting their | own convictions. This Congress | records the biggest triumph that pres- | sure groups have ever achieved. (Copyright. 1935.) —_—— Maryland Pastor to Speak. BALLSTON, Va., May 17 (Special). | —Rev. E. A. Sexsmith, D. D., presi- dent of the Maryland annual con- ference of the Methodist Protestant Church, will speak at the morning services of the Mount Olivet Meth- odist Protestant Church, Sunday at TRAFFIC TIPS by the NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL STOP, LOOK AND LISTEN. More than 1,300 people met death in automobile collisions with trains during the past year. More than 3,000 others received non-fatal injuries. The motorist nhasn’t much of a chance when he crashes into a train. Yet in spite of widespread education, whistles, warning bells, wig-wag lights, watchmen and lowered gates, thoughtless motorists continue to rush on to their doom. The oldest engineer in service on the Chicago & Northwestern System, H. H, Huston, was asked recently to describe an engineer’s feeling upon realizing that a crash is inevitable. He said: “We can’t detour. Usually no power | pa; on earth can stop us in time. There isn't & thing to do except jam the brakes and hope and pray that some- how the motorists will escape with their lives. The grade crossing prob- lem is an outstanding worry of every engineer today.” So tratu the mind to mind the train and just remember, too, that anytime m!hstrunumelutmm- What’s What Behind News In Capital Real Farmers in Demon- stration Encouraged by A. A. A. BY PAUL MALLON. HOSE farmers who came here to applaud the A. A. A. actu- | ally were farmers. At least most of them were. A private check-up indicates that pos- sibly 200 of the 4,500 were county agents indirectly on the Government pay roll. The rest were mostly well- to-do soil superintendents, Southern planters and large wheat farmers. Of course, their march was in part a Pullman trek. Many slept in lower berths. Some stopped at one of the three swankiest hotels in Washington, which is quite expensive. Also some decided to remain over a few days and see the sights, including the zoo in Rock Creek Park and one in Con- gress. But, all in all, they managed to convince the Capital that they were really sons of the soil. As Such they were novelties. Most of the farmers seen around here lately are two or three times re from the hoe—farm politicians and agitators, who, like many labor leaders, discovered early in life that it is easier to lead than to labor, Stories have been going around that the farm demonstration was organized by the A. A. A. to offset the bad pub- licity which the farm program has been receiving in spots. If you will find the facts are these: The A. A. A. did not directly or- ganize the move, but certain officials in the A. A. A. unofficially encouraged |it, and helped to make it a success. | Officially, they arranged for the hall, | but the farmers themselves took up | a collection to pay for it. They lent | clerical help from the A. A. A. free. | Also the programs appear to have | been printed by the Government, but | that is not entirely clear yet. Some Officials Consulted. Some A. A. A. officials were con- | ment in advance. Most of these offi- | cials apparently wrote letters approv- ing the idea, but at least one did not. He advised against it because he did |as it did from an administration standpoint. | It has already been published that |C. H. Day, a Texas corn, hog and | cotton beneficiary, originated the idea, but the revealing details of how the movement was organized have not been set forth. It was built mainly | upon the County Control' Committee {in each county and the township | committees in most townships. These | committees are made up of farmers for purposes of the A. A. A. pro- |gram. County agents usually are secretaries of the Control Commit- tee. The A. A. A. may quibble with you if you say the county agents | are paid by the Government, but it is fair to say part of their remunera- | tion comes from the Pederal Govern- | | ment. Editor Suggests Meeting. In one typical instance, an A. A. A. | extension editor wrote to a farm | leader in his home district suggesting | & meeting of farmers be called for that district. When the meeting was held, the idea of a march to Wash- ington then was broached. It took well. A contribution was taken up to pay the expense of a delegate. Some delegates paid their own way because they could afford it. The | regular farm lobbying organizations | (like the American Farm Bureau Fed- eration) had nothing to do with it in any way. The A. A. A. crowd is propagandiz- | ing its program more effectively now, regardless of the farm march. For instance, a Kansas farmer came in to see Administrator Chester Davis a few weeks ago. He told Davis exactly what the program had accomplished for him personally. Davis was so interested that he suggested the farmer go around and tell other farm- ers about his experience. The farmer was put on the A. A. A. pay roll for Without saying anything about it, the New Deal seems to have scrapped the idea of spending relief money for the manufacture of goods. President Roosevelt himself is supposed to have ordered discontinuance of the practice. Under the old relief set-up, money was spent to make mattresses in Ohio, | shoes in some other sections, etc. Some manufacturers complained bitterly about the competition. A new project recently was put forth by Representative Connery of Massa- chusetts to spend $25,000,000 of reliet money for making shoes. He was turned down on the ground that the Government is not doing that sort of thing any more. On Morgan List. The next issue of Lahor, a forceful newspaper issued by the railroad brotherhoods, will contain a charge that Supreme Court Justice Roberts was on the J. P. Morgan preferred list. The brotherhood boys have dug up evi- dence from a record of the Senate Banking Committee indicating that Mr. Roberts was on a Morgan list for 100 shares of Allegheny Corp. common stock. This was long before Mr. Rob- erts became a Supreme Court justice, and while he was an attorney in Phila- delphia. The reason the brotherhoods are reviving the matter is because Mr. Roberts led the majority of the court in the recent opinion invalidating their pension law. The secret of the popularity of the farm program with many farmers may be found in some of the A. A. A. statistics. There are 3,000,000 farm- ers subscribing to A. A. A, contracts. iyments to the farmers ‘amounted to $2¢,415,979 to the end of March. The A. A. A. expects to pay about $100,000,000 to a million cotton farmers this year, as compared with $116,000,000 paid to them last year. (Copyright. 1935.) Earliest Dictionaries. The earliest gave no help with investigate disinterestedly, you will | | sulted by the leaders of the move- | not believe it would turn out as well | that purpose and is now out making | | speeches. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1935 MAJOR SECIRTY BLLLANS.KD 0Old-Age Pension and Insur- ance Phases Are Passed in Committee. BULLETIN. The administration’s social secur- ity bill was approved today by the Senate Finance Committee, with two major additions to the form in which it passed the House. These changes restored the bill nearer to the original recommendations of the President’s Committee on Eco- nomic Security. By the Assoclated Press, Two major provisions of the ad- ministration’s social security bill— those establishing a permanent con- tributory old age pension plan and creating an unemployment insurance system—were approved today by the Senate Finance Committee This action brought the committee close to a final vote on the legisla- tion which has been approved by the House. . The committee yesterday was hand- ed a demand for changes to give “an incentive to employers to provide steady work and prevent unemploy- ment.” The demand came from the 50 in- dustrial executives who make up the administration’s Business Advisory Council. Individual Reserves 0. K.'d. At s meeting yesterday the bill already approved by the House was amended to permit ‘ndividual com- panies to build up their reserves for unemployment insurance instead of joining in a State-wide pool. The proposal was made by Senator La Follette, Progressive, of Wisconsin, to bring the measure more nearly into effect in his State. Without his amendment, he argued, the Wiscon- would become invalid. The State-wide unemployment re- serve pool was recommended by Pres- | ident Roosevelt’s Commission on Eco- nomic Security. | The Business Advisory Council sald it had “every sympathy” with the ob- jectives of the President’s security plan, but that it agreed with a state- | ment of the Advisory Council on Eco- nomic Security that the plan should | give employers incentive for providing | continuous employment. “The bill before Congress offers no such incentive,” it added. Indigent Transfers Studied. On old-age pensions, the council | recommended that some provision be made to care for aged who wish to | transfer from one State to another. | “In general,” the report said, “we favor the provisions relating to old- age assistance. A State old-age as- sistance plan is a better and more | humane method than caring for the | indigent aged by either relief or the | poor house.” ‘The report, framed by the council’s | Social Legislation Commtitee, was submitted in two sections, one dealing with old-age pensions and the other with unemployment insurance. |WOMAN PRESIDENT PROVOKES FROWNS illn‘ Roosevelt Still Firm in Be- | lief Sex Is Not Yet Ready for Highest Office. | By the Associated Press. ‘The presidential bee, beginning to buzz toward the feminine bonnet, may have been fed a few drops of | honey by Louis McHenry Howe, but it gets no encouragement from Mrs. | Pranklin D. Roosevelt. The President’s political prophet- secretary predicted in a recent maga- zine article that within a decade | & woman might run for President and | be elected. Mrs. Roosevelt made per- | fectly clear at 2 press conference | that this had not changed her ex- | pressed view it would be neither ad- visable nor practical at present for a woman to seek either the vice pres- | idency or the presidency. o 'GIRDLER GRILLED IN MELLON CASE | Republic Steel Chairman Reviews | Own Income Tax Troubles. By the Assoclated Press. The income tax troubles of Tom M. Girdler, president and board chairman of Republic Steel Corp., were dragged today into Andrew W. Mellon's tax hearing. Girdler was asked by Fred Shearer, Government counsel, about his pur- chase of 3,000 shares of the common stock of Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. when he became its president in 1928. The questioning developed that the industrialist paid $100 a share for this stock out of a treasury issue, al- ‘'What was the fair market value of this stock?” asked Shearer. “A hundred dollars a share” snapped Girdler, leaning back in the witness chair with a thumb hooked under his vest. Shearer then showed him an affi- davit which said the stock had “no market value,” and later said the mar- ket value was “not in excess of $100 a share.” “I don’t know anything about this legal phraseology,” said Girdler, “but sometime after I bought this stock the Government sald I owed them $75,000 because the stock was worth $200 a share. I had to come down to Washington a couple of times, but the case was dismissed and all I had to pay was railroad fares and attorneys’ fees—and they charged too much.” conformity with the law already in | sin and other State laws now in effect | though its book value was $160 a | tary, share. U. 5. STRENGTHENS STABILIZING MOVE Commerce Department Con- vinced It Would Stimu- late Business. By the Associated Press. A widespread impression that the New Deal would now be cordial to- ward overtures from abroad looking to international currency stabilization gained apparent backing in another Government quarter today. It was stated authoritatively that prolonged studies of international trade had convinced Commerce De- partment experts that stabilization is necessary for the stimulation of busi- ness. This view, put forward with the ex- pression that it was not necessarily that of Secretary Roper, came after Secretaries Morgenthau and Hull ear- lier in the week had opened the door to advances from abroad. Objective in England. Dispatches from London have not been enthusiastic on the subject. Neville Chamberlain, chancellor of the exchequer, said in London last night that stabilization is one of Brit- 's ‘“ultimate objectives,” but he made plain that was “all I can say.” He spoke of the futility of trying to “anchor a ship if the anchorage is always shifting.” In an interview today Senator ‘Thomas, Democrat, of Oklahoma, an inflationist leader, said, “We've got to have stabilization, or else—!" He said that before participation in such a parley the United States sheuld make both the “gold dollar abroad and the commodity or man- aged dollar at home worth 100 cents. At present the domestic dollar is | worth about 25 cents more than the | gold dollar abroad.” Business Hesitancy. Commerce Department foreign trade specialists said there findings indi- | cated uncertainties as to currency | values were making business men One analyst said. “If there were only a provisional stabilization, for say six months, by | Prance, the foremost nation in the gold bloc; Great Britain, the leading nation in the sterling group, and the United States, the uncertainties would | be largely cleared up. | “Banks would extend credit and | there would at least be a stoppage of | the desire to establish more trade re- strictions, such as traffs, quotas and so forth. “At present a sort of currency war is going on. It certainly must be stopped if there is ever to be any world-wide recovery. | “Business has got to know in ad- | vance what currency values are to 5 'SINGLAIR PREPARES FOR NATIONAL PARTY 3§ in California Begun at Three- Day Convention. | By the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, May 17—Fore- shadowing a national campaign to | capture the Democratic party for his “end poverty” movement, Upton Sin- clair today began revamping and strengthening his organization in Cal- | ifornia. ‘The 56-year-old writer and former | Soctalist was the principal speaker on | the opening program today of a three- | day convention of “End Poverty in | California” Clubs. Some 300 E. P. 1. C. delegates were expected. Binclair, who polled 875,000 votes in an unsuccessful campaign for Gov- ernor on the Democratic ticket last Fall, has announced he plans to ex- tend the E. P. I. C. movement through- out the United States under the re- vised banner of “end poverty in civili- zation.” In Los Angeles’ recent municipal elections five E. P. I. C.-indorsed can- didates were elected to the 15-member | City Council. Three E. P. I. C.-in- | dorsed municipal judge incumbents were re-elected along with seven others not so indorsed, but the E. P. 1. C. School Board slate of four was defeated. ITALY TO CONFER ON AFRICAN ROW | England and France Will Join Private Peace Parleys at Geneva. By the Associated Press. LONDON, May 17.—Great Britain, France and Italy will hold private conversations at Geneva next week, it was stated authoritatively today, in an effort to find some way to settle the TItalo-Ethiopian quarrel Plans for these talks were revealed after 8ir John Simon, foreign secre- , and other British officials con- ferred with Sir Eric Drummond, the British Ambassador to Rome, whom the foreign office hurriedly sum- moned home after Premjer Mussolini’ “hands-off” Ethiopia speech this week, 8ir Eric, it was understood, reported on his conversations at Rome Wed- nesday with Fulvio Suvich, the Italian undersecretary for foreign affairs. After Drummond’s arrival, rumors ran sbout Whitehall that Il Duce, irate at Britain's expressed intention to try to forestall war in Africa. had refused to receive the envoy. (A dispatch from Rome last night said Drummond saw Mussolini briefly before leaving, the visit being officially described as merely one of “courtesy”). The full cabinet met this morning to discuss, it was understood, plans for expansion of the royal atr force. An afternoon meeting was expected to take up the Italo-Ethiopian question. Semi-official quarters said they Gunmen Seize Pay Roll. NORRISTOWN, Pa., May 17 (— Gunmen traveling in a stolen sedan the Herbert Hoslery | hesitate about making commitments. | | Revamping of E. P. I. C. Ranks President Greets Veterans at Garden Party MUSIC, PERFUMES END NIGHTMARES |Dr. Valentine Ujhely De- scribes Treatment to Psychiatrists. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Pighting nightmares with soft music and perfumes was described before the American Psychiatric Association, meeting here today, by Dr. Valentine Ushely of Columbia University. The patient reclines on a cot, his face covered with gauze on which at intervials the perfumes of tuberose and jasmine are sprinkled. Mean- while soft, dreamy music is played. The purpose is to induce a state of day-dreaming entirely free from ex- ternal annoyances. The patient already has been in- | structed what to fix his mind on—the . When this dream state is well established, a gong sounds and the | character of the music changes. This is the previously arranged signal for the patient to try to bring back the nightmare. But now he is fully conscious that it is not a reality. He makes a conscious effort to go through it again in its most terrible form, all the time assuring himself it is only a dream. Strange Case Described. ‘The treatment has proved very suc- cessful, Dr. Ujhely said, so patients | up. The method, he believes, has possibilities even in the established | mental diseases. The strange case of a patient who drove three steel drills through his | skull and into the left side of his brain was reported by Dr. Jacob Cohen of New York. The drills had been in the brain two years when they were discovered. The patient reported that putting the drills through the scalp had been very painful, but that he had felt no pain in going through the bone or the brain tissue. The drills have not been removed and the man at present is in good physical condition. The act was due to the patient’s delusion that the left side of his | brain was suffering from some de- formity which hindered his progress in life. He was trying to change it. Use of “twilight sleep” for the treat- ment of obsessions and other prelim- inary symptoms of insanity was re- ported by Dr. A. L. 8kogg of k.n- sas City. Power of Suggestion Used. The patients respond to the drug, a form of sodium amytal, with a con- aition of deep drowsiness during which the physician talks to them and sug- gests that their difficulties are really non-existent and that there is noth- ing organically wrong with them. The treatment is especially valuable if employed when obsessions of per- secution, etc., are first becoming ap- parent in the mind of the victim. A study of quacks operating as “yogis, food faddists, practical psy- chologists and so-called psycho-ana- lysts” was reported by Dr. Charles A Rymer of Denver. The operations of these practitioners sll over the coun- try i much the same, Dr. Rymer said. After holding out glowing promises and arranging free public lectures, they start “classes” for $25 a per- son or more. i One ‘“professor’s theory,” as re- by Dr. Rymer, is that “we allow the 12 quarts of blood in the and mucous, loosen our teeth, become bald, and suffer from an imposing list of diseases. He would cure this by substituting ‘live foods' and sunshine. Another doctor offers the ‘greatest message of the age, the discovery of soul breathing,’ which removes all pain regardless of its nature.” pleasant experiences and ideals of the | "namv!mtedwdnulmucwe‘ the tortures of nightmare-haunted | sleep have been able to give them| to become filled with dirt, acid | chopa DR. CLARENCE 0. CHENEY, Director of the New York Psy- chiatric Institute and Hospital, who will be the new president of the American Psychiatric Associa- tion. —A. P. Photo. | our lives. They pretend to have their | | basis in reason and experience, but very often they do not stand either of | these tests, and an individual retains | them merely because strong emotional | forces protect the ideologies from any attempt to analyze them.” Ideologies Often Bring Pain. Feelings of being ugly or awkward | cause a great deal of anxiety and pain, Dr. Schilder said, and ideologies built up about physical strength and weak- | ness often are closely interwoven with | the problem of moral strength and | superiority. The result is the type of individual whose chief aim in life is “to see that nobody puts anything | over on him" Individuals who ere greatly concerned over an inability to in a physical relationships under any other aspect | than that of superiority and inferior- ity. The idea of equality does not | occur to them. They see social life merely as a struggle for superiority. Every individual, Dr. Schilder said, has his private philosophy of death which greatly influences behavior. | | Often considerable progress can be made with neurotic patients, Dr. Schilder said, by trying to get be- hind these ideologies the subconscious retention of which may have made life seem a failure. Erratic punishment of children was | condemned by Dr. Lawrence F. Wooley of Towson, Md., as one of the produc- ing causes of emotional tensions which might remain with the victims through life and cause various mental abnor- the fluctuation of severity of punish- ment for the same offense, resuited in feelings of insecurity and timidity in the child. Effect of Erratic Discipline. Erratic discipline, Dr. Wooley said, does not in itself create illness, but serves to prepare the ground by fur- thering the underlying insecurity of the child and preventing the estab- lishment of any behavior patterns ade- quate to cope with crises when they occur. Later the illness may be “set off” by otherwise unpunished acts of strong emotional significance. Although pernicious anemia and va- rious forms of mental disease some- times occur together, there apparently is no causal relationship between them, according to & paper presented by Dr, Karl M. Bowman of the Boston Psy- thic . The clearest re- lationship, he said, is that “pernicious anemia, like any other severe debilitat- ing disease, may throw a certain stress and strain upon the personality so that it breaks down in s variety of e ARENT NAMED ENVOY in Paris, was appointed yesterday by the Soviet government as consul gen- eral for the United States. Arent.u:.!ew,hubnnmmmt diplomal service for many years, Recently he was the editor of the Journal de Moscou, a Soviet publica- tion in the French language. New German Boat For Torpedo Duty Proves Sensation Copyright, 193§, by the Assoclated ROOS & | they received nearly 800 guests Moscow, May 17 (Jewish Telegraphic | Co! FORGES ALIGNED AGAINGT IL DUCE League of Nations and Cli- mate of Abyssinia Are Grave Obstacles. BY RANDOLPH LEIGH. Mussolini’s double-barreled warning to Abyssinia and England—telling the former that he is ready to strike and the latter that he will brook no meddling—calls attention to the im- portance of what is about to be done. At the same time it emphasizes the two serious obstacles in Italy's path. Those obstacles are the climate of Abyssinia and the League of Nations. Her equatorial climate and topography have saved Abyssinia through many centuries by rendering the land dangerous and costly for invaders. But the League of Nations is an asset which she acquired as recently as 1928, thanks tc the aid of France, over Mussolini’s bitter but unavailing protest. Disabled veterans from hospitals in and near Washington were guests of the President and Mrs. Roosevelt at the annual veterans’ garden party on tife south lawn of the White House yesterday. Photo shows the Presi- dent and Mrs. Roosevelt receiving guests. —Wide World Photos. EVELT PARTY ATTENDED BY 800 President and Wife Greet Veterans and Others Despite Drizzle. Bareheaded and without raincoats, President and Mrs. Roosevelt stood beneath an elm tree in the rear grounds of the White House during a light rain yesterday afternoon while at the garden party given annually for | veterans of the Nation’s wars, most of whom are patients at nearby Gov- ernment hospitals. Despite the cold drizzle the fete was a colorful and enjoyable affair. Secretary of State Hull paused long | enough, as he shook hands with the | President in the receiving line, to ask him if he did not need a hat. Mr. Roosevelt laughingly replied: “Heavens, no. I was born without Some Came In Ambulances. The veterans arrived at the White House in ambulances, private cars | and busses. | The first of the parties was held by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson in 1918 and | it has been an annual affair since. | Mrs. Wilson was one of the first to | shake hands with the President and Mrs. Roosevelt in the receiving line yesterday. Among the other notables present | were Gen. John J. Pershing, nattily attired in a dark suit; the Secretary of the Treasury and Mrs. Morgen- thau; the Secretary of War and Mrs. | Dern; the Secretary of Commerce and Mrs. Roper; Mrs. Claude Swanson, Mrs. Harold Ickes and Brig. Gen PFrank T. Hines, administrator of veterans’ affairs, and Mrs. Hines. The veterans themselves did not comprise a quarter of the persons re- ceived. A few of them were pushed express or moral way are unable to see social | glong the receiving line in wheel | chairs, and there were two blind cases. A number of the veterans had an arm in a splint, and others walked with a cane. The President and Mrs. Roose- velt had a cheery greeting for each as he passed in the line. Few From Civil War., They were less than a dozen grizeled veterans of the Civil War on hand, and only a dozen or so wore the uni- form of the Spanish-American War. ‘When the last in line had been re- | ceived, the Marine Band, attired in its gay-colored uniform, took a Tecess | while the Ithaca College Choir sang | several songs. “There’s An Old Spin- ning Wheel In the Corner” was sung | at the request of the President. The President was compelled to leave shortly afterward to keep an im- portant engagement in his office, but | Mrs. Roosevelt remained and busied | herself about the grounds, seeing to the comfort and enjoyment of the | guests. Refreshments were served from gay colored tents, and young women of the Veterans' Bureau, the Red Cross and nurses from the hos- pitals assisted in waiting upon the disabled guests. | DETTWEILER MEETS GREENE IN FINALS Youths, 17 and 21, Respectively, Battle for Crown in Chevy Chase Golf. Seventeen-year-old Billy Dettweiler, jonal, and 21-year-old Hick- man Greene, Manor, met this after- noon in the final round of the Chevy Chase Club invitation golf tournament. Dettweiler had defeated Maj. Rich- ard Sutherland, Army-Navy Club, by 4 and 3, in one semi-final this morn- | ing. while Greene went to the eight- | eenth hole to defeat Dr. L. 8. Otell of 1, 1 up. | Wilmer Allison of Texas, No. 1 con- tending tennis player of the Nation, won his way to the third-flight final, defeating Maury Fitzgerald, Kenwood, by 4 and 3. Allison met Ralph P. Gibson, Manor, in the final round this afternoon. Results in the other flights: Fourth flight — Ross Puette, Richmond, de- feated Ted Rutley, Kenwood, 4 and ; 8. 8, Harvey, Indian Spring, de- , defeated H. L. Lacey, Manor, 4 and 2; A. 8, Gardiner, jr.; Columbia, defeated Dallas McGrew, Chase, 3 and 1. Bail for Duke Refused. The biggest blunder on the part of Italy, however, has been, in the present emergency, to allow herself to be caught in the act of preparing a coup. Her whole program depends on doing things and then discussing the reasons. In this case the discussions are preceding the deeds, with bad results inside and outside Italy. Rainy Season Begins. It had been planned to strike last Autumn, but the European entangle- ments tied Mussolini’s hands. Now that he feels free to act, the climate of Africa halts him, for he can only campaign against his enemy in Autumn and Winter, the dry season. Right now the “short” rainy season in Abyssinia is ending and the period of heavy rains, which will continue into September is beginning. He has already massed large forces in Eritrea to the north of Abyssinia, and in Somaliland, to the south. Meanwhile, helc motionless by the rains, he is having for the first time to feel the full weight of operating on absolutist lines in a world which still, in its international relations at least, proceeds by negotiation and by treaty. Mussolini Loses Prestige. Once the matter of treaty-observ- ance is raised. Italy’s cause suffers | internationally and Mussolini loses prestige at home. Unfortunately for Mussolini, his most troublesome inter- national questions grow out of his own acts, and are not inherited from | the previous regime. For instance, | the treaty with Abyssinia which is | now causing so much embarrassment |to Ttaly was signed by Il Duce in 1928, and provides for arbitration of the very issues which Mussolini is not arbitrating. It denounces mobiliza- tion by one party against the other, but Italy is openly mobilizing against her rival on two fronts, while that rival, though arming, has not mob- ilized. Similarly, the League issue as it | affects the African dispute, cuts right across the present Buropean align- ments. Abyssinia was put into the | League of Nations at a time when | Prance and Italy were hostile to one another, and France desired to frus- trate Mussolini’s colonial ambitions. Now that Italy and France are tem- porarily united against Germany, dis- regard of the League of Nations in this instance will weaken the case of the Entente against Germany. To treat such commitments as & scrap of paper hardly strengthens the hands of those who are denouncing their European rivals for similar tactics. Italy’s Policy Opposed. Pundamentally, England and Prance are opposed to Italy’s policy. As things stand England protects the sources of the Blue Nile (valuable for uflnu‘r’x‘ purposes in her possessions) throug) | her arrangements with Abyssinia. At | the same time she is in the position | of & preferred nation there commer- | cially. France, for her part, holds special railway concessions in Eastern Abyssinia, and profits from the use of her port instead of the Italian one on the Red Sea. By treaty, of course, Abyssinia has a free port in Italy's Massau, but she has learned how little that means in time of trouble. It boils down to this in Africa: | Italy came last, and got least. She i has very poor land in most of her colonial territory, and she has to deal with very obdurate natives. It cost her in 1934 14 times as much to ad- minister her Somaliland possessions as she got from them. She hopes to do better by reaching far up into the fertile Ethiopian highlands and taking better land, with real resources in timber and minerals. Those would be immediately negotiable assets, whereas her present returns are from | costly irrigation projects in a bleak region. There is much for Italy to gain if she can take over all of Abyssinia. The fringes of that lands, however, will profit her little, for they are alternately parched desert areas and malarial bog lands. The tse-tse fly (deadly.to horses) adds another diffi- culty for the invader. Finally, an Abyssinia army of at least 200,000 is to be considered. It is inferior to the Italian forces that will oppose it. Nevertheless an army less than half that size inflicted a terrible defeat on the Italians some 40 years ago, thereby halting Italian colonial ex- pansion for three decades. Runs for Constable. FAIRFAX, Va. May 17 (Special),.— C. B. Runyon of Falls Church has filed his notice of intention to run for the office of constable of Falls Church magisterial district. THE OLD GARDENER SAYS: Important hints, on raising a garden , . . good advice on what to plant . . . and when to plant it! Section C, Page 6