Evening Star Newspaper, May 2, 1935, Page 2

A—2 %% N.R. A DECISON HELD SIGNIICANT Senate Committee’s Action| Indicates Awakening to ra Reaction of Voters. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. Decision on the part of the Senate | Finance Committee to extend the N. | R. A. until next April is being hailed | by members of Congress, irrnpectlve‘\ of party, as a sensible solution of a | dilemma that might have precipitated ! the most controversial aebate of the whole session. But the significance of the 16-t0-3 vote of the Finance Committee far transcends the merits of N. R. A. President Roosevelt wanted an en- larged N. R. A. with drastic powers | over industry. Congress didn’t agree. | This, of course, is the prerogative | of the legisiative body, but anything which Congress does to indicate to| the people that it is still a legislative | organization and not a rubber stamp i= bound to attract aitention and occasion some surprise. The reasons for the action of the Senate Ficance Commiltee are not | difficult to discover. 1 First of all, the peopie back home have found the codes unworkable in the main. The confusion resulting from enforcement and non-enforce- ment has provided such a reaction that members of Congress up for re- election next vear have become wary. Many of them consider that Mr. Roosevelt’s popularity might pull him through, but. if opponcnts in mchJ State and district heap upon the in- | eumbent members all the blame for | the N. R. A.. there may be many new | faces in the next Congress. { Court Deecision Due. The second reason. and it is really | as important to the Roosevelt admin- | istration’s reform objectives as it is; to the opponents of N. R. A, is the | probability that the Supreme Court of the United States wiil hand down & decision within the nexi month on eertain features of the N. R. A. which will define the limits of Federal action. This very week the Schechter case 1s being argued in the Supreme Court. It is the first important test of the constitutionality of the national in- dustrisl recovery act. and a2 opinion 1s expected to be rendered before the court adjourns for the Summer in June. Donald Richberg. counsel for the N. R. A, has prepared the principal argument in behalf of N. R. A, and | he admits that there are not many | precedents to support his position, but he believes. nevertheless, that a new set of circumstances has arisen which Justifies action by the Federal Gov- ernment in a national emergency. The Constitution says that Congress shall have the right to regulate com- merce among the States. It says nothing about Federal authority with- in State lines. and. in fact. it has always been understood throughout American history that the power to regulate within a State is solely the right of the several States. Emergeney Privilege Cited. The New Deal theory is that com- merce within a State might possibly “affect” commerce between the States, and that. if this is the case, the Fed- eral Government can, especially in | an emergency, take cognizance of such | a situation, as was dore in the N. R. A. and put businesses of all sorts under a code. While there are no court decisions on this particular point, it would be & mistake to dismiss as wholly un- reasonable the contention which Mr. Richberg and his colleagues are mak- | ing. Thus. for instance. if human ! labor became the instrument through which destructive and cut-throat com- petition were carried on so that per- sons were being paid hardly a sub- sistence wage. would the establish- | ment of & minimum wage by Congress | tend to remove this particular burden from interstate commerce? Is a gen- eral condition of economic depression, | brought about through action, per- haps not concertedly, but simuita- neously in different parts of the coun- try by major industries. an aetion which tends to “affect” interstate com- merce? | The Supreme Court has not hesi- | tated to look at an incident of busi- | ness carried on within a State as per- haps having some bearing on inter- state commerce. But in every such case the episode has been directly re- lated either to a proved conspiracy to obstruct interstate commerce or to some instrument of interstate com- merce, like a raliroad. The Department of Justice is rely- fng on those cases, nevertheless, to bring out the point that an action within a State could somehow affect & step in commerce outside a State. Will be Weighed on Merits. ‘The Supreme Court undoubtedly will treat every future case on its merits; that is, it will examine the facts to determine whether the par- ticular action complained of does ac- | tually affect interstate commerce. The Circuit Court of Appeals in New York. in its opinion. couldn’t see how the persons employed by the Schech- ter company in handiing poultry were themselves a part of interstate com- merce and how their hours of labor or working conditions could be super- vised by a code proclaimed by the FPederal authority. There have been cases in which eattle shipped to stockyards in Chi- cago have been held to be articles of interstate commerce, but that was be- cause the cattle merely paused in Chicago en route to some other des- tination. and hence the Federal authority was really exercised to reg- ulate their operations in transit. The Department of Justice is rely- ing to some extent on the stock yards | cazes, but there were no labor prob- lems involved there. The truth is| there are no cases on all fours with the | Bchechter case. So whatever the Supreme Court de- | ecides on the labor questions will have | & profound influence on future legis- latien. Indeed, the Wagner labor dis- putes bill may be held over till next session because of the desire of Con- | gress to learn the outcome of the | Schechter case. If the Supreme Court should hold that poultry handliny is an intrastate business and is not subject to the Federal authority, it will mean that section 7-A on collec- tive bargaining is also not applicable to production or maintenance opera- tions conducted wholly inside a State, | and that Federal regulation of em- | ployer and employe relations will not havé been extended beyond railroads and common carriers or selling opera- tions that go beyond State lines, Congress is in a mood to be guided by the courts. It is an easy way out of trouble, éspecially in the presence of such wide-spread irritation. Cer- tainly there have been vital questions of constitutionality raised, and the Neéw Dealers can hardly visit their wrath on members of Congress who have decidéd not to pass any legisla tion that may go 6nid the Consti- tution. 1 238.) W What’s What Behind News In Capital MacArthur and McSwain Feud Partly Responsible for Rebuke. BY PAUL MALLON. HAT President Roosevelt told Chairman MeSwain of the Houre Military Com- mittee about published secret war testimony was plenty. But what he said privately at a White House dinner the night before was even more. Apparently the Presi- dent has not been so greatly aroused about anything in a long time. The affair has deep roots. The Mc- Swain forces and the War Depart- | ment general staff have been more or less openly at odds for a long time. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, MRS. BOWERMAN DIES OF INJURIES Book Editor of Star Never Regained Consciousness After Accident. Mrs, Sarah G. Bowerman, book edi- tor of The Star, known to thousands | of Washingtonians through her writ- ings and lectures, died at 8 o'clock | 1ast night in Emergency Hospital. She never regained consciousness after being struck by an automobile which ran wild Tuesday morning in the | 2700 bloek of Ontario road. | At her bedside when death came were her husband, Dr George F. Bowerman, public librarian of the | District; a sister, Mrs. Jeannette F. | Staham. 1767 Lanier place, and her two brothers, Dr. Henry F. Graham, | It may not be true that Mr. McSwain | chief surgeon at the Methodist Hos- let the matter out intentionally, but | Pital. Brooklyn, N. Y., and Dr. Clar- ! Prance. you can never make Chief of Staff MacArthur believe anything different, These two misunderstand each other with deep and relentless feeling. It was Gen. MacArthur, as well as the State Department officials, who helped to inspire Mr. Roose- velt's wrath, if it really needed any inspiration. What made MacArthur red-headed was that the published secret told the | world the weakest points of American defense. In fact, it disclosed how any foreign power could best go about altacking the United States. For instance, it contained a list of vital areas of attack, mentioning oil | refineries, pipe lines and water routes. Even more, it told how the attack could be instituted easily if any for- eign country would secretly send over a couple of freight-fueling ships and establish temporary air bases at points nearby. Then the bombers could come along later in a hurry, pick up fuel. and go 1o work, before we knew what they were about. Perhaps some of this has been figured out by some of the foreign powers, But if they did not know it before. they do now. ‘These roots were neatly covered up in the public handling of the matter. The Army officer whose secret testi- mony was disclosed was induced to make a statement that his testimony reprezented only his personal opinions This hardly fooled any foreign mili- | tary men or any one else. All it did was to lay the diplomatic dust which was being kicked up, mainly from Canada. What made the Canadian angle so embarrassing for the State De- partment is that the nmon-mili- tarized frontier between this coun- try and Canada is one of the diplo- matic pets of the department. We are forever calling the attention of other nations to it as an ideal for them to follow. To have the Army ke it appear that we were con- lemplating secret air bases there was, to say the least, exasperating. The worst of it was that the Cana dian government requested an expl nation almost at the very moment that Undersecretary of State Phillips was unveiling a tablet here com- memorating the signing, 118 years ago, | of the Rush-Bagot agreement. whereby | the United States and Canada agreed never to militarize their frontiers. Plan Based on Theory. The fundamental fact of the situ- ation is that Canada and every other nation secretly makes military prepa- rations to meet any eventuality. Every one knows that military men have to keep in mind the possibility that treaties may be broken. In this instance, any other nation might well use Canada as a base for air attack, just as Germany used Belgium (in violation of treaties) for the attack on At least this possibility must be considered. For that réason the incident may not have serious consequences. You cannot blame every war office in the world for laughing. | New Deal Weakness. | A Republican presidential possi- | bility was traveling in the Midwest a |few days ago with a New Dealer. | They were brought together by the drought relief business, not friend ship. Said the Republican. by way of con- | versation: “We Republicans have one political issue on you New Dealers which you will never be abe to meet.” “What's that?” asked the New | Dealer politely. ! “The tariff,” responded the Re- publican. “You Democrats went up and down this land in 1932 de- | nouncing the Smoot-Hawley tariff bill, and to this date you have not repealed the law or instituted any eflective program to replace it.” | The New Dealer had to admit off | the record that the Republican might | | be nearly right about that ! ) #fp iy | Evidence has been accumulating | lately that the New Deal has again | renewed its faith in economic nation- |alism. The money policy, the price | policy. the N. R. A,, all leaned toward | tariff protection theories in the begin- ning. This feeling waned somewhat in the second year of the administra- tion, while Messrs. Hull and Peek played around with the possibilities of restoring world trade. It is no secret | that their playful explorations have not been satsifactory even to them- selves. Foreign Trade in Limelight. The President has been reading a book which advocates the establish- ment of a national pool for interns- tional trade (like Russia’s Amtorg). No one believes he is going that far yet, but it i obvious that the foreign trade issue again is drawing the high- est attention. A new approach is being studied. The Dbest authorities believe nothing important can or will be attempted until an effort is made - to stabilize world currencies. Willlam Bullitt, Ambassador to Rus- sia, has a secret. While he has not been able to do much debt or other business with the Russians, he has managed to work out a business rangement to take care of the auto situation at the embassy. Rules prevented him from buying autos. There was nothing to prevent him from renting some, althought rentals in the long run would cost far more than the pri of the cars. so od with a Mescow | ence F. Graham of Albany, N. Y, Rites Likely Tomorrew. Funeral services probably will be held at 10:30 a.m. tomorrow at the | Joseph Gawler S8ons undertaking | establishment, 1754 Pennsylvania ave- i nue. Burial will be in Oakwood Ceme- | tery, Troy, N. Y, Date for the inquest into Mrs. Bowerman's death remained uncer- tain due to the illness of Mrs. Mat- tie E. Rogers, 1707 Columbia road, driver of the fatal car, who is in Garfleld Hospital being treated for hysteria and shock. In order to allow the funeral to proceed. however. Coroner A. Magruder MacDonald | swore in.a jury at 11:30 am. this | morning and continued the hearing until such time as Mrs. Rogers is able | | to appear. Flood of Condolences. A flood of letters of condelence was | received by Dr. Bowerman yesterday and today from the many friends Mrs. Bowerman had made in 31 years of literary activity in Washington. | She was generally acclaimed as a| student of literature of unsually thorough background and under- standing. The demand for her serv- ices as & lecturer and public speaker | always was greater than she could meet. Mrs. Bowerman was born May 27| 1874, in Albany, N. Y., the daughter | of Rev. and Mrs. Henry Graham. Her | father was & Methodist minister. | Receiving her early education at Lansingburg Academy. fh the suburbs | of Troy, N. Y, she later studied at Syracuse University, where she was graduated at the head of her class in 1897, after a brilliant college career which was recognized by aimission to Phi Beta Kappa. Won Master’s Degree. Pursuing her studies at Syracuse she was awarded the degree of master | of arts in literature. For a year she taught at her alma mater and then in | a private school in New York City. Four years after her graduation from college, she was married to Dr. Bowerman, who had recently been appointed chief librarian of Wilming- ton. Del. | The Bowermans came to Washington | in 1904. Although burdened with her | duties of establishing her home here. ! | Mrs. Bowerman almost immediately | became active in literary circles here. For several years, she helped her hus- | band in the selection of books for ilhe Public Library and in training | his_stafl. i | For many years she taught in vari- | ous private schools, first at the M: deira School for Girls, then at the ol Colonial 8chool and later at the Chevy Chase School for Girls. | Headed Twentieth Century Club. | She was a leader in the aflairs of the Twentieth Century Club, of which | she was president for two | addition to her other duties she was | an adviser to the Library of Congress on selection of bocks to be printed in Bralille for the blind. Recently she was elected to the Board of Governors of the Washing- ton Club, Mrs. Bowerman became book editor of The Star in 1932. For 10 years be- fore that she had conducted the Sat- | urday column In The Star, “The Li- | brary Table.” | | | ! this instance. D. C. THURSDAY. MAY 2, 1935. Prepare for Battle of Chancellorsville Military Institute dressing for the Battle of Chancellorsville, to be staged today on the historic battleground. E. H. Williams and 1. H. Smith. Photo taken at parade ground at Predericksburg. Sm THOMAS ATTACKS LNGS ATITDE Robinson’s Defeat Also Is Predicted by Socialist Visiting White House. Senator Long, Democrat, of Louisi- ana was bitterly criticized at the White House today by Norman Thom- as, Socialist presidential candidate in 1932, for what he termed his indif- ference to the plight of the tenant farmers on cotton plantations. Thomas said a reign of terror is actually In existence in Arkansas as & result of evictions and that Senate Majority Leader Robinson is doing nothing to remedy the situation. He declared Long is the political overlord of Arkansas as well as Louisiana, and that he is doing hothing to relieve conditions. “Long's hypocrisy.” Thomas sald, “never has been better shown than in There is worse misery on his doorstep than anywhere else in the United States. and he hasn't lifted his finger. “As for Senator Robinson. if he isn't placed on the Supreme Court in the meantime, he'll be out of & job after the next election, because he's golng to be a badly licked man,” Thomas said with emphasis. “I do not often make political predictions. but I have no hesitancy in making this one about Robinson." ‘This blast against Senators Robin- son and Long was delivered by Thomas just outside the door to the private office of the President, where he had just conferreed with the Executive. He sald he called the President’s at- tention to the serious state of affairs among the tenant cotton farmers, par- ticularly in Arkansas, and made an CHEST FUNDS AID | appeal for help from the administra- | tion. HUNDREDS IN MUSIC 381 Get Training During April While 401 Others Take Dancing Courses. | Through an appropriation of $3.000 by the Community Chest, 38! chil- dren cared for through Chest organi- zations received instruction in music during April and 401 others were in. ! structed in some form of dane¢ing, according to a report made to the Chest yesterday by Miss Mary Edith Coulson, secretary of the Council of Social Ageneies. Mrs. Edwin Parker | 18 chairman of the Music Committee. | Miss Coulson said drums, triangles and cymbals are needed for use by | the verious rhythmic bands. So many more children than were an- ticipated have applied for instruction | that the additional instruments are necessary, Miss Coulson stated. There | is also a need for ballet slippers, for many children cannot afford to pur- | chase them. Miss Coulson can be | reached at Metropolitan 2284 by persons wishing to donate these articles, Under the plan worked out by the Council of Social Agencies, full time instructors in music and dancing have been obtained and these instructors divide their time among the various Chest agencles. { Funds provided by the Chest are sufficient to carry this instruction only | through the present month, but sev- eral of the instructors have become 80 enthused by results obtained that | they are volunteering their services | for the balance of the SBummer. WALNUTS ARE BARTERED FOR BURLAP AND PIPE! By the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, May 2.—California walnuts are being bartered in Ger- many for buriap and gas pipe. Officials of the California Walnut Growers' Association said yestérday 2,665 bags of walnuts valued at more than 330,000, would be shipped from | here May 10 for Hamburg, Germany, | as part payment for 650,000 yards ol; burlap valued at more than $48,000. | The burlap will be made into bags for the 1935 walnut crop. ot In another barter walnuts represent ‘more than 71 per cent of the purchase prlceo()flunld(ummm in Germany by the Steel Union, Inc., for use in the oil fields here. —————————————————— auto rental agency, arranging to rent | cars and apply the rental on the pur- chase price, | The result is he now ewns a needed fleet of motor « 19882 ‘Thomas said the President appeared | interested, but refrained from further comment upon the President's atti- tude, saying “the President can speak for himself.” Shot to Death POLICEMAN C. N. HOUSE, Shot by Bessie Carter, his sweet- heart. Picture of Miss Carter and story on Page 1. A Citizen’s at The Evening Star ] Business Office, or by mail, postpaid A ¢ —————— NEME ceveerseseseernnenseossnene | [ 1.500 Troopers of V. M. 1. and Marine Corps Re-enact Jackson’s Triumph Qver Union Forces in 1863. BY BLAIR BOLLES, | 81af Correspanaent of The Star. FREDERICKSBURG, Va.. May 2.— The crack of rifie and boom of gun today once more reached across the historic field of Chancellorsville, silent and peaceful for 72 vears, as more than 1500 troops refought the noted battle which marked the highwater mark of Confederate success in the Civil War. ‘With 30000 rounds of blank ammu- nition, a Marine Corps regiment from Quantico, two troops of Cavairy from Fort Myer and 600 cadets of Virginia Military Institute deployed about the war-scarred wooded area 10 miles west of here while a host of notables in the State and Federal Govern- ments watched the sham combat. Sounding the shrill rebel yell. the V. M L students dressed in the Southern gray. rushed acress the ter- rain In re-enactment of the military coup of Gen. Themas E. “Stonewall” Jackson. killed in mistake by his own men after his major victory over a Union corps. Jackson once taught st V. M. 1. The 3d United States Cavalry took the role of troops led by Col. J. E B. Stuart. Gen. Lee's dashing Conted- erate aid, in the decisive action of the battle. The 3d Cavalry was Col Stuart’s own outfit before the out- break of the war, when he was in the Union Army. ‘Thousands of people gathered at vantage points to view the rout of the “Pederal troops” played by the 800 Marines, in a vivid reminder of the May day in 1863 when the Union general, “Pighting Joe Hooker.” with 130,000 men, fell before the onslaughts of Lee's 50.000 troops. The flerce four-dav struggle at the edge of the Wilderness tock the lives of 16.000 Federal troops and 4500 Confederate ' | soldiers. Most of them are buried in | a military graveyard at the edge of | the battlefield. | Perched on the Bivouac Stone. | scene of & momentous conference | between Lee and Jackson before the latter struck from the dark in a sur- prise attack on Hooker's men, Dr. Douglas Freeman, Civil War authority. broadcast to the spectatofs a running description of the action. Gov. George C. Peery of Virginia | headed the official group present for the affair, which included diplomatic | attaches, Senators, Representatives, important Federal officers and high- ranking military officers. Occasion for the mock warfare was the open- ing of the Fredericksburg and Spott- sylvania NAtional Military Park, per- fected at cost of $2,000.000, which in- | cludes the area over which the bloody | fighting took place. The National Park Service, which supervised restoration of the park, | today dedicated the “Jackson Trail” the forest road which the {ll-fated general followed in his march around | Hooker. | After the war the narrow road was overrun with underbrush, but the park | service has restored it to the state it was in when Jackson trod it. | An_exhibition drill was schedueld | to follow the sham battle this after-| | noon. Two mounted troops and & | machine gun troop of the 3d Cavalry | were to perforth s rodeo and machin | gun drill to the music of the United | | Handbook The Evening Star Offers Its Readers A complete description of the Federal establish- ment—470 pages, illus- trated. “T wish it were possible for évery home in the Nation to possess it.” ALBEN W. BARKLEY, | United Senster | oam Roninets: | | | Order Form—c—cmese=q ] — gl | States Marine Band. a Marine Corps flying squadron of 36 planes was to give a demonstration of aerial ma- neuvers over the battlefield and then drop flowers on the graves of the Blue and Gray veterans. Dances were planned tonight for the V. M. I Cadets and the Army and Marine officers. The Marine detachment. led by Col P. B. Price, was encamped before the maneuvers at the Chancellorsville mansion, which Gen. Hooker used as | headquarters at the opening of the battle. Nearby was the bivouac of the cavalry under Col. Kenyon Joyce. The V. M. I Cadets, commanded by Maj. Bertrand Morrow, U. 8. A, pitched their tents in the Predericks- ourg Fair Grounds. where last night they paraded in full dress. ‘Troops from 28 States took part in the engagement at Chancellorsville, a house and not a village, which was fought on May 1, 2, 3 and 4, 1863 After a Winter of inactivity, Gen. Hooker had taken command of the Union Army of the Potomac and late in April opened a strong offensive against the left flank of Gen. Lee's Army of Northern Virginis. The boldest stroke was Jackson's flanking movement against the enemy. when with 28000 troops he drove Hookep back into a defensive position At the head of a well-protected wood- €d area. Lee pressed the fighting during the | pext three days and Hooker retired defeated toward Richmond and then rorthward to Washington. LINK ANARCHISTS T0 SHIP DISASTERS Havana Police Holding Six—Be- lieved Connected to Spanish Group. By the Associated Press. HAVANA, May 2—Simultaneously with the arrest’ of six suspected an- archists police expressed the opinion today that there was a possible con- nection between the existence of an- archistic groups here and disasters which have befallen vessels sailing to and from Havana. The authorities declined to identify the ship or ships to which they re- terred. The six men under arrest were Ricardo Pereira, Jose Tejeira. Jose Vidal, Enrique Peres, Jesus Diegues | nd Pablo Guerra. The police said search of their per- sons and the headquarters of the Anarchist Federation of Havana and allied groups resulted in the dis- covery of documents linking the pris- oners with an anarchist organization in Barcelona, Spain. Included among the documents. they said, was a letter to the National Maritime Transport Syndicate giving the “anarchical salute.” The suthor- ities said the letter advised that the trans-Atlantic liner Magallanes had discharged 12 members of its crew and demanded that Havana an- archists “make the ship company nfisr the consequences of the déspotic ction and glve merited punishment to strikebreakers.” Lin Brief| A e = i Debates bonus bill. Banking Committee continues hear- ing on omnibus banking bill. House, Debates omnibus banking bill. Ways and Means Committée takes testimony én anti-smuggling bill. TOMORROW. Senaté. Hearing by at 2 o'¢lock on bill to change local divoree law. Hotse. Cen ing debate on omnibue bank- Left to right: —Star Staft Photo. oke of Battle Seen Again _ BRUND CHARGES At Historic Chancellorsville JRY INFLUEKGED Trial Conductéd Improperly, Counsel Claims—Ruling Due Today. By the Associated Press. TRENTON, N. J, May 2.—Bruno Richard Hauptmann's counsel charged today the jury which convicted him of the Lindbergh baby murder was not properly sequestered. resulting in “un- due and improper influence” upon it by persons outside the court’s juris- diction. Counsel appealed to the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals for permission to take testimony (o sup- port its allegations. A motion for oral argument was denied and the court announced it would decide the case later today on briefs. In their brief, the defense atforneys. Egbert Rosecrans, Prederick A. Pope and C Lloyd Pisher. charged “undue” influ- ence on the jury in the following par- ticulars: Willentz's Arguments Attacked. Attorney General David T. Willentz's opening address to the court and jury, and his summation: Prosecutor Anthony M. Hauck's opening to the court and jury at the conclusion of the taking of festimony: The daily presence of Col. Charles | A. Lindbergh and “other prominent personages” and their “close proximity to the jury during the sessions: The repeated outbursts of specta- tors in the court room: The “confusion and disorder reign- ing in the court room during sessions of the court”; The stories carried bv press and radio before the trial, which conveved VANDERLIP SCORES “BABY BOND" SALE Issue Declared “Immoral” Before Committee for the Nation. By the Associated Preas. Closely following a suggestion by Prank E. Gannett, newspaper pub- lisher, that a monetary system of sound and stable currency be estab- lished, Frank A. Vanderlip, New York financier, sharply criticized last night the Government's new “baby bond” method of fundiny Addressing an audience which in- cluded many Senators and Represent- atives at a dinner of the Committee for the Nation and a group of national farm organziations, Vanderlip said, “I think the Government is doing an absolutely immoral thing when it of- fers to an uninformed public what is known as a baby bond.” No Assurance on Money, “We have no way of knowing.” Van- derlip said, “what that money will br worth when those bonds are due and pald.” Gannett declared establishment of a single stable currency was the mos: | important factor in national recovery “America physically is not much different today than what it whe, we were prospering in 1929.” he said “What has happened is that we ha\ had a great collapse in prices an have suffered disastrous consequence | Restore prices that have fallen, sta | bilize the purchasing power of th | dollar—not the price of gold—an commerce will resume its normal flov “1 believe that what eur future to be will be greatly influenced | :kr;n we do with our monetary situ | tion.” Reviews Possibilities. Gannett reviewed the passibilit in the field of money for the futu including god. & two-commodi money and mult.ple-commodity mon Gannett told his findings after trip through Europe that took him all the important chancellories, an contrasted the prospering conditio of England with the evidences of pression, despair, discouragement™ the gold bloc countries. “My experiences drove home to r most forcefully that the ilis of Eu are due fundamentally to gold,” : declared. “To sum it up.” he added. “what discovered was that the Nazi-ism, tr Fascism, the Communism which I s# actually In operation and which | frightened me. really had come abo' | through adversity, as a result of ti | upset of economic conditions in th- | countries, Chance to Work Necessary. “So I came back to America pressed by the fact that until we s our economic problems, restore norn business conditions and give every o & chance to work for a living, until 1 make our economlic conditions bett. we shall not be safe from the revol tionary changes that have taken pla in Europe. * * * Democracy will nev be safe anywhere unless it provid the opportunity for earning s decer living.” The dinner was arranged to discu. the banking bill now being fought ove on_Capitol Hill The Senators and Representative. sat in silence while Vanderlip lashec them for some of their attitudes, and then cheered loudly as he shot back snappy replies to their questiona. Asked point blank whether the pro- posed banking act of 1935 was “gooc or bad.” Vanderlip said: “As it stands, thoroughly bad.” 'SLUMR HELD TEST ' OF MENTAL FITNES | | Population Association Spea’ | Says Least Fit First Out 1 of Jobs. | A strong argument for educatic | Yas made this morning at the con 10 the jury panel a picture of the de- | ference on population studies beir. fendant “as a hardened criminal and |held at the Willard Hotel under th a man of steel who would be likely | 8uspices of the Population Associa- to commit the crime for which he was charged™: The “failure to actually sequester the jury during the trial and separa it from the mass of the community and the resultant expressions of pub- tion of America when G. St. J. Per- rott of the Public Health Service rear his report on the findings of a survey conducted by his bureau in 1933, The report shows, Perrott said. that | the depression has been the acid tes! | lic opinion which were conveyed to for American men and women and them”; Objects te Jurors’ Meals. “Failure” of constables to tomply with their oath. “in that meat and drink was supplied to the jury dur- ing the time that they deliberated upon their verdict, which was contrary to ancient practice”:; Advising the jury that if the verdict was not rendered by a certaln hour | the presiding justice would leave the court house and they would not be eble to render their verdict until the following morning. The brief charged that as the jury walked back and forth from the Union Hotel to the court house the crowd shouted such phrases as “burn that Dutchman.” “do not let Hauptmann get away with it,” and “send him to the chair.” “The jury was not transported to and from the court room with any degree of privacy, nor. were they prop- erly accompanied,” the brief said. Charges Jurers Heard Comment. “They were so surrounded by people in the trips to and from the court house that people could reach out and touch the jurors. Every word that was said as they passed by, even whispers, could have been heard by the jury. On their trips to aad from the court house they were daily con- fronted with numerous newsboys cry- ing the sale of papers.” Defense counsel also sald the Union Hotel was the center of actlvity and “any and all remarks” made by per- sons in the street or about the hotel “were clearly audible” to the jury. Arrangements for feeding the jury were termed “the worst fallure of all,” counsel observing that the jurors ate in the same dining room with all customers of the hotel. The brief said radio Dbroadcasts “given within easy earshot of the entire jury” were “almost entirely antagonistic to the defendant.” Attorney General Wilentz, filing 4 brief memorandum for the State, said the defendant was “éntitled to a speedy and puble trial, which right was accorded him." “The control of the proceedings were always under the supervision of the presiding justice.” he sald. “These proceedings were conducted with dig- nity, impartially and courteously and in & manner to reflect deep credit upon the justice.” Tower Worker 70 Years Old. Seventy-year-old Charlés Mills is working As A mason on the face of et ground, of Beverely Mineter above the of England. n | that the survey showed the least fit | had been the first to lose their jobs | and to go on rellef. The “new poer.” | that is persons who were fairly well | off in 1929, led the list of numbers of deaths and in cases of sickness, he sald. The “chronic poor cla led in_the number of births, he said. ‘The meeting of the population ex- perts, which opened this morning and will continue through Saturday. wili |be addressed by several prominent persons. Among them will be Under- secretary of Agriculture Rexford G Tugwell, Dr. Leon Truesdell, chief of the Bureau of Population Census: Louis I. Dublin and Henry Pratt Fair- child of New York, presidegt of the association. Several other speakers | also are listed | A meeting with officials of the Bureau of Population Census at the office of the bureau opened the eon- | vention this morning. The delegate | heard from the officials how the tabu- | 1ation of census figures is made. | Appeals to Financiers. The Jord mayor of Dublin. Irish Free State, has made a public ap- peal to financiers of the country to provide cheaper money for the eity's improvement projects. STARS. MEN . AND ATOMS By THOMAS R. HENRY Notebook of Science,- Progress in Field, Labore- tory and Study. See Section A, Page 10.~