Evening Star Newspaper, March 12, 1935, Page 9

U.S. RELIEF COST §a8 PER SECOND Total Aided Rises 3,000,000 as $3,207,000,000 Goes to Ease Problem. Pifty-eight dollars & second! That is the cost of relief in the United States. Every time a minute is ticked off on the clock more than $3400 is poured into the relief hopper, to the tune of more than $208,000 an hour, $5,000,000 a day, or $150,000.000 a month. And the load is increasing. In May, 1933, when the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, headed by Harry L. Hopkins, was created, there were 17,000,000 persons receiving relief in the United States. ‘Today, two years later, after $3,207,- 000,000 of Federal, State and local funds have been expended to amel- lorate the problem, there are more than 20,000,000 on Uncle Sam’s relief roll. Federal Emergency Relief Admin- istration figures show a constant up- ‘ward trend in families and single per- sons on relief during the last two years. 3,906,874 Families Get Aid. For instance, in July, 1933, there were 3,906,874 families, or 12 per cent of the total population, receiving re- lief. There was a drop when the re- | Mef work program reached its zenith, but with the return of direct relief an increase came and in March, 1934, there were 3,683,933, or 11 per cent of the total population, on relief. In April this figure jumped to 4,437,242, | it went to 4,817,365 in October and at the end of the year it hit 5,033,645 With the rising relief tide, of course, | came rising relief costs and the F. E. R. A. figures reflect how, between 1933 and 1934, the Federal Government lifted more and more of the burden | from the backs of States and munic- ipalitics. In 1933 the Federal Government paid only 60.6 per cent of the total relief costs. States paid 14.3 per cent and municipal funds 25.1 per cent. 71.7 Per Cent Borne by U. S. In 1934 F. E. R. A. figures show the Federal Government bearing 71.7 per cent of the total burden, while the States’ load had dropped to 13 per cent and the local communities’ to 15.3 per cent. In 1933, expenditures for relief ag- gregated $792,763,027, of which the Federal Government contributed $480,601,783, State governments, $113,260,984 and local communities, $198,900,260. During 1934 relief ex- penditures jumped to $1,473583,168, an increase of more than a half bil- lion dollars. The Federal Government's share of this huge expenditure in 1934 rose to $1,067,279.932; the States’ share in- creased slightly to $185342.860, while the local communities’ went to $220,- | 960.,376. Officials say the relief load will in- crease rather than diminish until business recovery takes a firm grip upon the Nation or until the social | security program, with its concomi- tant plans for old-age pensions, un- employment insurance and sick ben- efits, become effective. | $3,207,000,000 Spent. | These officials look with satisfac- | tion at their record of the last two | years, during which $3.207,000,000 has | been spent. In the first place, they | point out, 92.5 per cent of this total has gone directly to relief, with only 7.5 for administration expenses. In addition, the money has been spent in | mnormal channels of trade, thus con- tributing to recovery while supplying | Telief. | Of this gigantic total, $2,267.000,000 | represents the approximate sum con- | tributed by the Federal, State and lo- cal governments for direct relief dur- ing 1933 and 1934, while $940,000,000 came from these three political sub- divisions for the work relief projects of the Civil Works Administration. Of the C. W. A. expenditures, $845,- 000,000 came from the Federal Gov. ernment, while $95,000,000 was con- | tributed jointly by the States and local communities. This brings the | total Federal expenditures to $2,39: 000,000 for the two-year period, dur- ing which the State governments were Telephone supplying $299,000,000 and the local communities $420,000,000. Addition of these three last figures, plus the $95,000,000 from the States and cities for C. W. A, produces the $3,207,- 000,000 total. 3,485,000 Are 16-64 Years. The Division of Research, Statistics and Fianace of the F. E. R. A. has learned that there are 3,485,000 work- ers between the ages of 16 and 64 years now on relief rolls. ‘Workers following skilled trades of the manufacturing and mechanical industries, together with semi-skilled workers and laborers usually employed in these industries, accounted for 1,529,000, or 43.9 per cent of the total on relief in urban United States. Semi-skilled workers, or factory oper- atives, accounted for 530,200, or 152 per cent of the total. Laborers were represented to the extent of 298,000, or 8.6 per cent. Domestic and personal service ac- counts for 719,400 persons, or 20.6 per cent of the total. Transportation and communication was the third largest group, with 361,100 workers unem- ployed, or 10.3 per cent of the total. ‘Trade represented 343,000 workers, or 9.9 per cent. Clerical occupations in- volved 145,900 workers, or 4.2 per cent, while professional service in- cluded 76,500 workers, or 2.2 per cent. Another important survey shows THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, cases, contained only one gainful worker, usually the head. Of the heads, it is estimated, 90 per cent are employable. The F. E. R. A. survey shows that young men vastly predom- inate among both the unattached transients and the heads of family groups. ‘These surveys are revealing. There is a tremendous value to the Govern- ment in knowing, for instance, that there are 109,400 carpenters on the relief rolls; that painters number 98,- 600, and that there are 32,200 plum- bers receiving assistance. Mechanics have 54,100 on the rolls, blacksmiths 15,500 and engravers 12,000. Relief officials believe, however, that it will be easier to find employment for persons falling in any of the above- named categories than in some of the professional classifications. The F. E. R. A. shows there are 6,500 that 95 per cent of the “transients,” or “floaters,” studied in 13 impor- tant cities during October, November and December, 1934, are employable, in the sense that they are between the ages of 16 and 65 and are able and willing to work. The family groups studied averaged three persons and, in the majority of A LAST, AT LAST, THAT LASTS. AT LAST, A LAST THAT LASTS. What we'd really like to say, In our Gertrude Steinish way, Is that comfort, style, at last Are combined in lasts that last. Here's the only shoe for me DUAL-PERSONALITEE* Reg. U. 5. Pac. 01, WISE SHOES *Footwear with Dual-personalites means Certified Comfort wadded to style . $M098 11133F N.W. 00000000000 DAILY SPECIALS || PURE ¢ANDIES Caramels 40¢ Value—full pound Cherries 60¢ Value—fail pound 29¢ Cream Cheese and Jelly 15¢ reslar 15¢ 3115 M St. N WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13TH Cream Mint Pati 40¢ Valae—tult powna 1T¢ Butterscotch Wrapped 19 ¢ Old Dutch Style Chocolates 40¢ Value—fuil pound 19¢ Milk Chocolate Cordial Home Made Pecan Honey Bun 40¢ vatoe 19¢ AT THE FOUNTAINS Sandwich and Coffee Hort Fudge Sunda i lot Ige Sundae resuter 13¢ 10¢ Pieala Mode reguler 20¢ 1°¢ Strawberry Ice Cream Soda 1°¢ 186 _‘fifi STORES-One near you 1107 F St. N.W. 3102 14th St. N.W. 800 7th St. N.W. 1103 H St. N.E. 00000000000 Directory ELECTRIC actors and showmen on relief; 2,800 artists, sculptors and teachers of art; 4,000 clergymen; 9,800 musicians and teachers of music and 13,400 teachers in regular schools. These flelds pre- sent difficulties. How, for instance, can employment in their own field be found for 4,000 preachers? ‘What the F. E. R. A. wants to do is expressed by Administrator Hopkins with relation to the unemployed. He says: “They are not begging crumbs from the table of our Nation’s wealth. They are willing workers, anxious to pro- duce their share of our goods, but de- prived of their opportunity because of the temporary maladjustment in our industrial system. “I have said, and I say again, that while relief has met the emergency needs of the unemployed, it is not an effective and satisfactory method of meeting this problem over a long pe- riod of time. A way must be found to meet this problem of the unem- ployed, and of providing them with an opportunity for an American way of life.” DAVIS AIDE CHOSEN Paul A. Porter, chief of the A. A. A. press section, has been chosen execu- tive assistant to Chester C. Davis, administrator. Porter is to handle details of the cotton and tobacco programs. A graduate of the University of Kentucky Law School in 1928, Porter joined the A. A. A. in 1933, He has done newspaper work in Oklahoma and at La Grange, Ga. American c.) YOU AGREE YEARS PROTECTION ON ALL MODELS TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1935. CHRISTMAS CARDS LATE Nebraskan Explains He Them in Another Coat. FALLS CITY, Nebr. (#) —Friends of Bill Gilman of Falls City shake their heads dubiously these days as they receive Christmas cards from him —almost three months late. Gilman explains it this way. His wife gave him the cards to mail just before the Gilmans left last December for California. When they returned to Falls City Gilman found the cards in a coat he had not taken on the trip. Left Night Final Delivery The last edition of The Star, known as the Night Final, and carrying a row of Red Stars down the front page, is printed at 6 p.m., and delivered throughout the city at 55c per month or, together with The Sunday Star, at 70c per month. 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