Evening Star Newspaper, February 2, 1935, Page 6

'A—6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY...February 2, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. .~ Editor ———— e ‘The lnnln‘ st.u- Nmplpll‘ Company Office: d P!nnl’lvlflll Ave. New York ofl "East 4204 Bt mflfl Office: l‘k! Mlchlnn Eu"flflll bean Ofice;_14, Regent St.. Londog. Eate by Carrier Within the City. lar Edition. The Evening ‘St ‘45 per month The Evening and Sun e or ot €] c per month The Sunday St .56 per zopy Night Final Edition, teht Pinal and Sunday Star70¢ per month ight Final Star .55¢ per month Collection made 4t the end. of each onth. Orders may be sent by meil or lephone Natianal 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Bally and Sunday. .1 yr., $10.00: 1 mo LA ' 7$6.00: 1 mo. ay o0ty $4.00i 1 mo. All Other States and Canada. D‘llylnd‘Eundl! 1yr, 812 flfl l mo., $1. nn 1 Sungly only. SUc Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not other- Wise credited in this paper and also the local news published herefn. All rights of Dublication of special dispatches herein are also rererved. Confused Salary Scales. Controller General McCarl's ruling that administrative promotions in the emergency agencies of the Govern- ment have been made contrary to law | further confuses a situation that was confused enough in the beginning, the original mix-up resulting from the haphazard manner in which the agen- cies were thrown together. As the ruling will apply chiefly to promotions made prior to June 30 last, the prin- cipal effect is probably to hold dis- _bursing officers who paid out the money for the promotions responsible. ‘They will doubtless seek relief from Congress and whatever action is taken by Congress in this connection should | also clarify, once and for all, the pay | status of workers in the emergency agencies. Thousands of jobs were created by Congress in the emergency agencies without regard to the classification act. Many of them were out of line, as far as concerned compensation, with posi- | tions in the regular service. Some persons in the emergency agencies were paid more and some less for the same type of work performed by those ; in the regular classified service. To correct, in part, the inequities result- ing from this condition the President issued executive orders setting up sal- ary scales in the emergency agencies comparable to the salary scales in the classified service. But the economy act forbade, until June 30 last, any administrative promotions and per- | mitted administrative promotions after | that date Only when they could be paid for out of savings in other sal- | aries. Interpreting this order, Mr. McCarl held that an adjustment of salary did not mean an administrative promo- tion; that an “adjustment” of salary became an administrative promotion when it equaled a salary step-up within a grade, and that administra- tive promotions were banned under the law. A ruling was sought, how- ever, from Attorney General Cum- mings, who said, in effect, that an adjustment of salary might mean a salary promotion and that the Presi- dent had ordered salary adjustments. Controller General McCarl does not agree with this ruling, which the At- torney General really had no au- thority to make. As far as the Gov- ernment’s fiscal affairs are concerned, Mr. McCarl, and not Mr. Cummings, 1s the boss. Officers who allowed the promotions as permitted by Mr. Cum- mings must now take the conse- quences of having paid out money which Mr. McCarl refuses to allow. ‘The time has come now when Con- gress should proceed to a clarification of salaries within the emergency agencies of the Government and at the same time bring these emergency agencies into the civil service. ——e—————— Removal of the scaffolding may cause those who still quote the words of the father of his country to assume, rhetorically, that the Washington Monument is being unveiled. Traffic Consciousness. In an effort to make Washington “traffic conscious,” in compliance with President Roosevelt’s recent sugges- tion of the urgent need of the correc- tion of dangerous conditions through- out the country, Commissioner Hazen is planning a campaign of admonition and instruction in the District. The plan comprises the designation of speakers who will address gatherings at schools, in the churches, at meet- ings of citizens’ associations and the trade and civic groups, to emphasize the necessity of observance of traffic regulations. The Commissioner be- lieves that good can be accomplished by this means, through persistent urging that care be exercised in the use of the streets. As a matter of fact, Washington is already thoroughly “traffic con- scious” The trouble is that that consciousness is not persistent. Drivers lapse into carelessness in moments of haste, and pedestrians lapse like- wise when they are in a hurry. The | habit of haste is more persistent than the habit of carefulness. Then; there are drivers who, thoroughly aware of the risk they run in cutting corners, in trying to overtake pre- ceding vehicles, in speeding to make crossings before lights change, are constantly taking grave chances. And, furthermore, there are drivers who are constitutionally incompetent, who should not be permitted to handle cars, but who, having obtained licenses to drive under a slack system of examination, are a constant menace on the streets. There are many people who, while fu y aware of the danger, act im- pulsively at points of possible peril, such as at loading platforms, pressing out into the driving space while wait- ing for street cars, darting suddenly from the curbs into the path of motor taffic. Accidents are avoided in such circumstances only through the most careful driving. This is par- ticularly true at such times as the present, when the streets are wholly or partly covered with snow and ice. The drivers must be alert to avert collisions, and it is to the credit of the great majority of them that they succeed. An educational campaign wfll be effective only so far as it brings people to a realization of the fact that the rules are made for the protection of both drivers and pedes- trians. And every driver is at times a pedestrian, though every pedestrian is not & driver. The driver must at all times bear in mind the fact that he has the power of injury, whereas the pedestrian is helpless. If the light system does not work to afford a maximum of safe move- ment for cars, with proper intervals for pedestrian passing, it should be corrected. There are places in the city where such changes should be made. Above all is the need of an addition to the signal system which will afford the pedestrian the fullest possible information of the condi- tions, lights that he can see ahead of him, without twisting and turning in mid-street, to guide him in his movements. City-wide instruction and admoni- tion will serve well to keep before all who use the streets the need of care |on both sides. Changes in the rules may be needed. A study of the case should develop the possibilities of such amendments. Certainly there is enough common sense in Washington to furnish the basis of a safe system of regulation and a universal under- standing of the need of care on both sides of the traffic equation. ——— Two Years of Hitlerism. Germany embarks this month upon the third year of the Nazi regime un- | der the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. |In a message to the nation, Fuehrer triumphantly proclaims, on the second anniversary of his acces- sion to power, that “two-thirds” of his four-year program has already been accomplished—apparently a * { reference to the fact that in February, 1933, there were about 6,000,000 un- employed in Germany, as compared to 2,000,000 out of work now. | Apropos of the beginning of a new | Nazi year, other figures are adduced to show that the country is experi- | encing regeneration. The national in- come increased 7,300,000,000 marks in 1934. It now amounts to 55,000,000,- 000 marks, and the total increase dur- | ing the Hitler rule totals 9,600,000,000. These figures are based on tax rev- | enues, which considerably exceed bud- i get estimates. In consequence the ministry of finance now holds out the | prospect of a substantial tax cut this | year. As yet another sign of the Reichis improving status, the govern- ment has ordered the abandonment of plans to collect gifts of gold and jewelry among the people for repur- chase of the Saar mines from France. The authorities state that “the | Reich is strong enough to get along without such emergency gifts” and that payment for the mines can be effected without calling on the Reichs- bank’s gold or foreign exchange re- serves. Considering the wreckage of Ger- | many's export trade, due to boycott of her goods in some countries, her financial showing is in many ways remarkable. It has largely been made possible by the rigid control of im- ports, which are limited, under the system introduced by Dr. Schacht, to articles not only utterly indispensable to German industry, but also to pur- chases whicn Germany can finance without transferring funds abroad. The system has imposed many hard- ships, but is apparently servirg its purpose, even though Germany’s for- eign creditors can generate no en- thusiasm for many of the practices which the Reich is now arbitrarily pursuing. The justification for de- laying payment of obligations abroad is that they cannot be met until the Reich has an export surplus. As the United States Government had occasion to remind Germany some time ago, the Reich's foreign trade is hampered by some of its do- mestic political policies. With a modi- fication of those policies would un- doubtedly come a change in the atti- tude of many old-time customers who are now in resentment against certain aspects of the Nazi cult, no longer buying things “made in Gérmany.” Perhaps as the Reichjs trade balance tends to become chronically urfavor- able Hitlerism will be inclined toward the | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. whose dictation she was nnurned to take found a certain wicked pleasure in teasing her. She was sensitive, therefore he was cruelly sarcastic. Especlally when other employes were within hearing, he would make her squirm with politely phrased but utterly brutal invective. And then one day Miss Y calmly smacked his face—hard and in public! Such stories are numerous. Indeed, they are the stock in trade of the press and of the writers of novels and plays. They are, in effect, human drama. Their function, doubtless, is to redeem the race from standardiza- tion and desuetude. Without them everything would be on a dead level of dull and stupid uniformity. They are color in the fabric of existence and have the attraction of, burning light. But a balance between the usual and the unusual must be maintained. ‘Two much contrast, too many contra- dictions, would result in social chaos. The world really is a sober sort of place and there is important work to be done. Maj. X and Miss Y are en- titled to only a few departures from the norm. It would be exceedingly disturbing if they went sledding or slapping too often. ———r———— The attitude of Attorney Reilly is a reminder that alibis may require much time, not only because of their num- ber, but also because of the character witnesses necessary to make them con- vincing. . e When Jafsie said the Bronx was the most beautiful of suburbs he may have had in mind the curate who while breakfasting with the bishop deferen- tially protested that his egg was “very good in spots.” The Department of the Interior has had its troubles, but no one is likely to go so far back as to revive the Bal- linger-Pinchot controversy regarding conservation. ————————— Occasionally, there is a reduction of utilities bills, which, though slight, brings cheer by proving that any- thing of the kind can be accomplished at all. ———r———————— Fears arise that the U. S. Supreme Court opinions may call up so many abstruse suggestions that Norman Angell will feel positively required to write another book. ————r————————— Relief sometimes works indirectly by requiring a great deal of typewriter service before a squad can get to work with shovels. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Reality and Imagination. When a feller thinks he’s thinkin', he is easy in his ways, Not too much hurt by censure, nor too highly pleased by praise. He keeps a-goin’ steady, doin’ what he has to do, Not mindin’ "bout the glory of the path he may pursue. He doesn't swell his chest an’ speak in empty tones so loud; He doesn’t pose to catch the gaze of every passin’ crowd; But he feels an honest sympathy in all the world about, Though he may not be so bold in lettin’ all his feelin's out. But it’s different with the feller who is bluffin’ more or less; His manner is mysterious; he makes you stop an’ guess. He has a dictionary an’ he uses it with care, Discoverin® a lot of words you never knew were there! There is even somethin’ pompous in the way he’ll sneeze or cough; He stands upon his dignity an’ fears he may slip off. The man who's really thinkin’ is a benefactor great, But the man who thinks he'’s think- in'—he’s in an awful state! Demonstration. “We must make some kind of dem- onstration so as to show that our political party is still in the fight.” “Yes,” replied Senator Sorghum, “if we can't think of anything else, we’ll have to keep on reorganizing.” -, The Only Expert. “What are your views on the polit- ical situation?” “When it comes to a political situ- ation,” replied Farmer Corntossel, “you’ll have to talk to Si Simlin, the postmaster. He's the only feller around here that ever had one.” a program designed to swing the bal- ance in the other direction. ——————— Dialect will creep into the most serious occasions and only phonograph records could show which of the Flem- ington witnesses described themselves as experts and which as “expoits.” —— e Contrasts. Psychologists, it seems, are capable of explaining practically every aspect of human character. But even they must be puzzled to understand the occasional contradictions which may be observed in the conduct of men and women otherwise perfectly nor- mal and commonplace. For example, there was the case of Maj. X. He customarily was the personification of dignity and dis- cipline. The Regular Army had been his school. He carried himself with a poker-like rigidity, and his friends would have been shocked had they ever caught him in the act of bend- ing. The Washington Monument was no more proudly erect than he. And yet a few days ago he deliberately violated the whole tradition of his career and was guilty of a thing his worst enemy could not have imagined he would stoop to consider. He act- ually went sledding on the Shoreham hillside! THe case of Miss Y, also, might he cited. She was a stenographer in the office of a public institution, moving through the routine of her employment as quietly and unob- trusively as a mouges Bub the man ‘s Small Beginnings. A snowflake is so very small We scarcely think of it at all. And yet enough of them will make A barrier we cannot break. A drop of water is so slight That as it falls it fades from sight. And yet enough of them will be A torrent or a raging sea. A word is but a breath of air, *Tis heard or spoken without care. Yet words in fierce profusion hurled Upset the history of the world. Sympathetic. “Are you doing anything to relieve the sufferings of your fellow man?” asked the philanthropist. “I am,” replied Mr. Dustin Stax. “I refuse to make large donations, thereby preventing pangs of jealousy on the part of institutions that didn’t get any.” .Another Bluff. The gréund hog treads the path of fame And wags his flerce prophetic head, And takes the credit or the blame For things he never did or said. “De trouble about a hard luck story,” said Uncle Eben, “is dat it's likely to make a man feel so inter- ested in hisse’t dat he begins to git proud of his botheration.” Off the Record. Prom the ‘Courier-Journal. nfldmtbflwlm.doem regard the Ansell libel suit against him as & proposition. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, People who unnoc be popular ought not to try to ‘What's the uu? Popularity is a queer thing. “It used to be called “personal mag- netism,” now it is called “charm,” es) for women. It would be fine if all possessed it, perhaps, but since plainly enough they do not, what is the good to worry about it? Yet the truth is that thousands lament, even if in secret, their lack of an altogether elusive quality. * kX X “Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever,” so ran a poem that has been lalighed at a great deal because of its naive championship of 1l‘flnnls now sneeringly called Vie- There are fashions in all things, however, and these ideals will come back some day, in full force, and with widespread approbation. In the meantime, let no one who finds himself lacking in popularity, as commonly called, lament the fact too much. Maybe a little heart searching will be good fdr him, but in the main there is nothing much to be done about it. There is not much reason for sor- row. Pqpularity is but one facet, not the whole thing, as some fancy. * % *x ¥ The widespread desire for popu- larity is just another example of the great modern fallacy that every one must strive for the same ends. It is not possible for every one to be popular with many persons. Leav- ing totally aside the question of whether popularity, as generally con- ceived, is quite as fine a thing as many imagine, it can be said that popularity is not good for everybody. It tends to bring out in certain souls some very despicable traits, from which they wpuld be wholly free if they did not succumb to the lure of trying to attract the favor- able attention of as many other hu- mans as possible. “Hew to the line, let the chips fall where they may,” so went a once highly regarded motto. or personal saying. It is a highly desirable frame of mind for many persons. It will save them from too much introspection— also popularly supposed to be vastly bad for man—and give them a some- what fatalistic viewpoint. This lat- ter also comes under the popular ban, but here, as in all things, many con- siderations force differing values. What is good for one is not good for the next, what may be bad for a third may not be either goud or bad for another, but completely neutral in effect. * k% % It is about time people began con- sidering human values as different from metals, and the like. Modern chemistry is showing the elements to be vastly different from what was supposed some vears ago. Changing views in physics are so tremendous that the person who has made no particular attempt to keep up with them simply is not in a po- sition Jo know how far behind the mentaf® times he is. When he attempts to argue about such things he often puts himself into the fool's corner, but nobody on earth could make him realize his position. * % X X Human values must be looked at as the scientist looks at the universe. Only he who attempts to do so is STARS, MEN brave enough to tell himself the truth about himself. If you phy 8 lone hand in & gregarious world, the chances are you ‘won't be very popular. 'flu man named popular in his own world, and he Ixnt yet, but he was true to himself, which was what counted most with him. Out of this awareness of and true- ness to himself he evolved thoughts yet alive, And what if one has no such genius? Then all the more is it essential that he keep what is his own, his awareness of his own individuality and his championship thereof. If things done for propaganda, and not truth and justice, offend him, let him remain sturdily offended. ‘Those who recognize only the sur- face manifestations of life will not understand him and, not understand- ing him, will make up stories of their own to account for the fact that he pays no particular attention to sur- face manifestations. Thus he will not become popular, since populartly means numbeys, and numbers mean & great many persons thinking exactly the same way, which will not be his way at all. * ok kX This abstraction can be carried into all the departments of life, with the same good result—that of helping the unpopular person to be content with his unpopularity. For every really popular person there will be scores who either are not popular at all, or who will be on that vast border line of those who are neither liked nor disliked by their fel- low men. These are the colorless persons of the world, who go about their dally tasks, have their pleasures, their tri- umphs, their sorrows, without making much of an impression one way or another on anybody. Are they sorry? Not & bit of it! Mostly they are delighted with themselves, as well they may be, since they unknowingly miss a great deal of obnoxious prying. They cannot on any score, be said to be unpopular. They simply are saved from being bothered by many persons who ought not to bother them. They are fortunate. * ¥ x % ‘The really unpopular person may still think well of himself if he keeps firmly in mind the soothing idea that popularity, in the common sense, rests on the solid basis of “I'll do some- thing for you, now you do something for me.” It is the old you-pat-me-I'll-pat- you game, or, translated, into strictly modern idiom, “I'll praise you, then you praise me.” In the book world of New York they have this down to & science. In many of the walks of life every- where a great many astute persons act fully and completely on this basis, so even the most popular person must realize that a portion of his prestige rests on greed of a sort, although no one should be so rude as to mention it, of course. No, popularity is not worth having if you have to gain it by being un- true to your own nature. If scheming has no place in your mind or heart, and you find popularity lacking, do not immediately bethink yourself to scheme for all you are worth, for it will not be in you. Better be un- popular and make the most of it. After all, popularity is not everything. It is just one thing. AND ATOMS ‘wasn't Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Stady. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. A balance sheet of America’s basic wealth—the essential chemicals which are the foundations of human exist- ence—is highly disconcerting as it is drawn up by Dr. Jacob G. Lipman, one of the world’s foremost soil ex- perts and member of the National Re- sources Board. ‘These basic elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon, cal- cium, magnesium and sulphur. These, in their various chemical combina- tions, are the essential physical ele- ments of plant and animal life. But more is taken out of the soil every year than is put back, and the mount- ing deficit is expressed in startling figures. As detailed by Dr. Lipman, the annual spendings are: Nitrogen, 16,- 100.000 tons: phosphorus, 2,500,000 tons; potassium, 36,200,000 tons; cal- clum, 53,600,000 tons; magnesium, 16,800,000 tons; sulphur, 11,300,000 tons; organic matter, 322,000,000 tons. Against this is redeposited: Nitrogen, 13,380,000 tons; phosphorus, 1,306,000 tons; potassium, 5,550,000 tons; cal- cium, 10,425,000 tons; magnesium, 2,630,000 tons; sulphur, 10,250,000 tons; organic matter, 100,000,000 tons. * ok ok X Dr. Lipman presents striking figures on the basic materials of the organic world to prove that#all flesh is water.” “The living- human and animal population of the world,” he says, “has a total weight of at least 1,500,000,000 metric tons and carries about 800,000~ 000 metric tons of uncombined water. This would form a lake 30 square miles in area and 33 feet deep. There is an even greater amount of uncom- bined water in living plants. It would be represented by something like 500, 000,000,000 metric tons. As to tha combined oxygen and hydrogen, the living plant population contains 262,- 000,000,000 metric tons of the former and 36,000,000,000 metric tons of the latter. The animal world contains :?%08300880 metric tons of oxygen and metric tons of hydrogen combined forms.” > 4 * ok x Any individual’s chance of being born was about 1 in 500, - 000,000. Fat Bflbhhtheflmmdhdwm Wil- liam A. White, superintendent of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, in & paper pre- | among pared for the Journal of the Wash- lngt&nch Academy of Sciences. one of us,” says Dr. White, “represented that chance when we became ourselves. This, from & pure- ly physical point of view, gives us some idea of what the poulbflmu of variation are, expressed in terms of chromosomes and genes.” Every individual differs from every other individual in purely hereditary characters, due to the infinite com- plexities of combinations of the basic units of heredity, the invisible genes, and their bundles, the chromosomes. of cells in the cortex of the brain— from 9,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000. This cortex, the topmost layer of the cerebrum but presumably the seat of all higher mental activities, is only between 2 and 4 millimeters in thickness. Its cell structures are the most complicated in the human body. *x %% The effect of coffee in causing sleeplessness—as popularly reported, although sometimes questioned—can be overcome by measured doses of sodium rhodanate, according to a re- port of experiments just made to the National Academy of Sciences by Henry E. Merriam and John E. Rutz- ler, jr., of Cornell University. Sodium rhodanate was one of the two drugs which attracted wide inter- est & few years ago when put for- ward by Prof. Wilder D. Bancroft of Cornell as possible therapeutic sgents in insanity. Merriam and Rutzler claim that the effect of coffee is to increase the reflex excitability of the nervous sys- tem through the agglomeration of the nerve cell colloids, while sodium rho- danate, a “thinning agent,” has ex- actly the opposite effect. They cite 10 tests with men and women to up- hold the validity of their conclusions. An Oklahoma Experiment. #Prom the Kansas City Times. It is impossible to withhold admira- tion for the enthusiasm, courage and | should be handled by business men. C., SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1935. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. study of the work of “the master” in detail, and have done so with the of art, which concerns itself with “vague generalizations about spaces and sequences and nebulous techni- calities,” and have seen in Michel- angelo the creative artist, the fault- less craftsman, the interpreter of his age, as interesting in his personality as in his work. The preliminary chart which the authors have provided, showing in parallel columns the date, what was happening in Italy and in the life d Michelangelo, and what work he pro- duced at that time, was a happy thought and is a welcome guide to the reader. The little volume has three main parts—“Michelangelo as Sculp- tor,” “Michelangelo as Painter” and “Michelangelo as Architect”—and three shorter essays treating of Michelangelo as'theologian and as poet and of the relation of Sir Joshua Reynolds to Michelangelo. The f{llustrations in each part are well chosen. The ex- traordinarily beautiful Pieta, in St. Peter’s, Rome, with its youthful Ma- donna and the completely relaxed fig- ure of the Christ, is chosen as the first example of the sculpture; others discussed are the David and the Medicl monuments, in Florence; the tomb of Pope Julius II, with its statue of Moses, in Rome, and the “Captives” of the Louvre, Paris. The paintings of the Sistine Chapel are, of course, given the major part of the discus- sion in the field of painting, and the dnme of St. Peter’s, Rome, is studied as “Michelangelo’s supreme achieve- ment as an architect.” * x % x THE NEW DILEMMA. By Roger W. ! Babson. New York: Bymmnl H. Revell Co. The New Deal is subjected to defi- nite Writicism in umj most. red:t:t book of Roger Babson, writer on financial and business mbjecu, ‘With the highest respect for the Roosevelt administration and its motives, which derive from “the unselfish spirit of |1 crusaders,” he believes that it has unwisely turned over its problems to “college professors, welfare workers and others who have never had busi- ness experience.” Re-employment, he holds, is a business problem and He suggests a coalition government, such as England Hhs resorted to in emergency. As an independent in politics, he says that he writes as a non-partisan. His first chapter is humorously entitled “Capitalism or Capitolism” and is followed by others on “Various Forms of ‘Isms'” and “The New Dilemma ‘Ism’.” “It has been said that the Old Dilemma was for making money and the New Dilemma is for making votes. I think that this statement is unfair both to the industrialists in Coolidge’s cabi- net and to the idealists in Roosevelt's cabinet. Furthermore. I knew most of those in both cabinets.” Mr. Bab- son’s attitude throughout his book is ome of sweet reasonableness, but he none the less knows exactly what he thinks and the net result of his think- ing is disapproval of most New Deal measures. “The New Dilemma is hocus pocus in its attempt to benefit the masses merely by handicapping ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, Q. How long have boys’ camps been established in the United States?— tion L. C. M. A. In 1885 at Westport, N. Y., on Lake Champlain, Francis Dudley es- tablished Camp Dudley, a Young Men’s Christian Association camp. Camp Gunnery, a camp for boys, was founded in 1872 at Washington, Conn., but is no longer in existence. Q. If no President or Vice Preste .{dent has been chosen by the time set for inauguration, who will ect as President?—H. N. A. The twentieth amendment to the Constitution states that Congress may by law provide for such a case, de- claring who shall then act as Presie dent, or the manner in which one is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until s President or Vice President shall have qualified. Q. What States have the largest 'meenhce of Jewish population?— C. H. H. 'A. New York is first with about " |16 per cent; Connecticut and Massa= s | chusetts come next with about 5 per W. C. )lrl. Lucian Yeomans (Susan | land) Brooklyn. Q. How old was was Chekhov at the time of his death?—M. K. Q. In Great Britain, what sgency sells the stamps which are used for taxes on entertalnments and such memmmm stamps which are used to register the tax on entertainments, income, health and pension insurance and unemploy- ment insurance and so forth. Q. Who invented the oceanograph? - The oceancgrapis A record ocean temperature to a depth of 600 feet, was developed by Prof. C. G. Rossby and Dr. K. O. Lange of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, snd R. D. Feiber. Q. What race of people is the tallest>—N. E. A. their kind is capricious. They ponderate in areas so widely separated as Scotland, Montenegro, Rajputana. mentioned. Q. Have many firms adopted the 13-month calendar?>—C. L. * A. More than 140 large concerns in the United States have adopted the 13-month calendar. Q. Which is the earliest of the Vedas?—P. H. A. The earliest is the Rig-Veda— family of priests, the Atharvans. The Vedas are collections of hymns and prayers constituting & sacrificial ritual, attributed to ancient poets di- vinely . ‘The first collection of the Vedas d“.B back approximately tors | water, and around 5 or 6 employers, reducing dividend pay- ments, threatening printing press cur- rency, assessing unbearable taxes and raising money wages without a corre- sponding increase in production. This is an atempt to get for them some- thing for nothing.” * ¥ %% AN ADMIRAL FROM TEXAS. By Henry A. Wiley, U. 8. N., Retired. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co. In his progress from birth in an Alabama town, son of a poor physician and Confederate veteran, through a covered wagon journey to Texas and a “tough, hard-fighting, hard-swear- ing rowdy” youth there, to Annapolis, and finally to the position of admiral and commander in chief of the United States Fleet, Admiral Wiley piled up experiences. He commanded wooden | 0% ships, iron ships, monitors, destroyers, cruisers, battleships, squadrons, divi- sions, and at last the whole fleet. He has sailed the seven seas, has landed in most countries of the world and knows how w tell & lood story about it all. His book be called reminiscences, for it h cer- tain that dates and enumeration of many details, in their proper order, necessitated by a complete auto- biography, would irk him. He draws up from memory the experiences which keenly interested him at the time and lets the rest go. Genealogy does not especially arouse his curiosity and the only ancestor he becomes enthusiastic * | about—and he has good reason—is the to make Oklahoma the grounds for & great New Deal experi- ment. His program is amazingly extensive. It calls for public works on a large paternal grandfather, James McCaleb scale, for flood control, prevention of | wog soll erosion and the like; for 30,000 to 40,000 subsistence ‘homesteads on S-acre tracts; for new industries to manufacture cotton goods, shoes, gar- ments, furniture. The recovery pro- gram is couplzd with a fine program for reform in taxation and for im- nrovlng the efficiency agd economy of government. To sympathetic outsiders certain questions must inevitably arise. Where is the money to come from to pay for the public works? Many cities— among them Kansas City—have found it impossible to develop new industries on a large scale overnight. Will it be practicable to proceed to the rapid industrialization of -industrial State like Unobservant. From the Pontiac Daily Press. “wa are passing,” says Richberg, “olltoilptflod is the sole survivor. She| !umwmm-uumm cent. Q. What does r. 0. g. mean in aviae tion parlance?—M. W. A. It means rise off ground, and is used in reference to gliders. Q Did Senator Dwight Morrow {leave any money to the University of Mexico?—A. R. A. His will provided for a gift of $50, 000 to the university. Q. How many checks does the Gov- ernment write in a year?—C. M. R. A. It is estimated by the chief dis- bursing officer of the Treasury that in 1934 the Government wrote a total of 68,000,000 checks. Q. What will it cost to produce the Technicolor film “Becky Sharpe”?— D. R. A. The film is expected to cost about $800,000, of which a large per= centage is attributable to the added expense of color. The application of color is being handled by Robert Ed- mond Jones. Q. Has an ocean liner ever been geT‘ormlmd in a church window?— A. At St. Nicholas Cathedral, New- castle, a stained glass window has been dedicated which pictures the Cunarder, Mauretania. The window 1s & memorial to Andrew Laing, who de- signed the Mauretania’s record-break- ing engines. Q. Was Benjamin Franklin the Postmaster General before the United States was formed?—B. T. A. Pranklin not only served the United States as its first Postmaster General, but was also employed in & like capacity by his Britannic Majesty long before the signing of the Dec- laration of Independence. Q. What was the farm income for 1934?—C. T. W. A. Figures of the Bureau of Agricul- tural Economics give the total cash income of farmers during 1934 as $6,- 091,000,000. Q. Please differentiate between miracle and mystery plays.—H. D. A. A miracle play is the dramatic representation of the life of a saint and of the miracles connected with him. A mystery play deals with gospel events which.are concerned with any phase of the life of Christ, or with any biblical event that remotely fore- shadows Christ or indicates the neces- sity of a Redeemer. In England there were few, if any, pure miracle plays, but the term miracle is applied indis- crimimately to both miracles and mysteries. Q. How long can a person live without food? Without water? With- out air?>—T. B. A. Dr. Morris Fishbein says: “The human being can live around 40 days without food, around 4 days without minutes without air.” Mooney Decision Seen As Mandate for Review ‘While refusing to intervene in Tom Mooney’s case on the grounds that State resources had not been ex- hausted, the United States Supreme Court nevertheless gave added weight to the San Quentin prisoner’s plea lorfmdan.lnfllevplnlmolme ‘The severe castigation which cdfla'nh justice received at the hands of the Supreme Court is re- garded by most newspapers as a vir- tual mandate to review the Mooney viction, “The decision of the Supreme Court in the Tom Mooney habeas corpus proceedings leaves no loophole of escape for the State of California, observes the Brooklyn Times-Union. “Such an indictment of the judicial processes of & State has not been heard in the e Court for years. If California’s judicial system- fails to provide the means for again trying Mooney in & different and healthier highest court in the thoug] two boats, brought him safely to Mobile, | %0 tbe Troy Some of the events of Admiral Wiley’s life which are most vivid in his mind and which he writes about most breezily are the “Round-the-World, » ¢ while the La Crosse (Wis.) Tribune and Leader-Press contends Mooney 'wu:ed moral if not a legal vic- as to future procedure, it is more than likely he will consider himself fortu- nate in having so authoritative a law- yer and accept it.” ‘The New York Times directs at- tention to the fact that “the argument of the attorney general of California that due process is withheld only when an act of omission by the prosecutor keeps the defendant from presenting evidence was called ‘narrow’ by the court.” The Lincoln (Neb.) Evening Journal also comments on Chief Jus- tice Hughes’ statement that “the due process requirements of the Constitu- m_nn not satisfied by technicali- “It is a mighty unfortunate and re- grettable situation, even from the most liberal point of view,” comments the Port Huron (Mich.) Times Herald. In the view of the Ann Arbot (Mich.) Daily News and the Zanesville (Ohio) ‘Times-Recorder, the fact that radicals have made a martyr of the prisoner has been a distinct liability to his cause rather than an asset. The Akron (Ohio) Beacon Journal declares: “California’s interest in keeping Moo- ney in prison as a sacrificial victim of its well known prejudice in con- cerns related to civil liberty does not square with. the Nation’s more toler- ant attitude in the matter.” It seems to the New Orleans Times-Picayune, however, that “a man who has been unable to establish his innocence in nearly tto decades of litigation should Temain as & measure of safety w soclety.” “The California Supreme Court,” says the Los Angeles Times, “has re- peatedly asserted belief in his guilt, and in the latest hearings on the Bill- ings case went painstakingly into a review of the evidence and found no merit in the assault upon it. The Bill- ings case was virtually a retrial of both Mooney and Billings, including & re-examination of all the available witnesses, by the Supreme Court itself. Its lmz'.hy opinion denying Billings the right to apply for a pardon was conclusive for most Californians as to both the prisoners. Presumably the case must drag its weary way through the courts again, at additional cost to No Scoops Provided. Prom the Philsdelphia Evening Bulletin. Only disappointing feature of 1935 car models is that they make no pro- vision for picking up the slow-moving The New Cape Horn. Prom the Philadeiphia Inquirer, The top in sea perils used to be the Horn. Nowadays the is in getting past Sea Girt, N. J. ————— Belated Discovery. Prom the Danville (Il.) Commercial News. It has taken all these years for Brasil to discover that debt payments to the United States needn’t be made.