Evening Star Newspaper, January 5, 1935, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON,D.C. SATURDAY....January 5, 1835 THEODORE W. NOYES..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th 8t. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. %flcnn Office: Lake Michigan Building. ropean Office: 14 Regent St.. London. England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition, .4Bc per month 5¢ per men‘h The Sunday Star. 3¢ per copy Night_Final Night Final and Sunda: izht Final Stas Collection ma month. Orders may_be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday. .1 yr.. $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only. 1yr. $6.00: 1 mos, &0c 1yr. $4.00 n, Star, 70c per month e “r. B5cier month de at ‘the end of each Sunday only il i 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Dalily and Sunday, 1 yr., $12.0 Daily only. . 1yr. gfi.( Sunday only...1yr., $5.00 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not other- wise credited in this paper and also the All rights of local news published herein. herein publication of special dispatches e also reserved. Work to Replace the Dole. The Nation will await with keen interest the legislative program which gives effect to one of the most inter- esting proposals made to Congress by the President yesterday. This is the proposal to substitute work—valuable, constructive work—for the cash doles and “market baskets” previously given as relief to an estimated 3,500,000 able-bodied unemployed. The last experience with work relief on a large scale was the C. W. A. It was a dismal experience, Hundreds of millions of dollars were dished out to provide the unemployed with work— but what work! The President refers to the “few hours of weekly work cutting grass, raking leaves or picking up papers in the public parks” as the sort of work-relief that is to be shunned. In the case of the C. W. A., it was too often cutting grass that did not have to be cut, raking leaves from cne side of the walk to the other and picking up trash from one place and dumping it in another. The work was “made” work, and so many limitations were placed about the manufacture of such work that the result was in some cases ridiculous and no doubt de- moralizing to the workers as well as to the communities which witnessed it. The new work suggested by the President “should be useful” The compensation should be “in the form of security payments” that will be larger than the dole, but not so large as to attract labor from private em- ployment. The work projects should provide work for “a large percentage of direct labor” and be selected so as to conflict as little as possible with private enterprises. The projects un- dertaken should be planned so that they might be “tapered off” as private capital offers opportunity for labor, and they should provide work for the largest number of dependents that will fit in with the broad program recently outlined by the National Re- sources Board. To find such work, of course, offers difficulties of its own, but in the type of work outlined by the President— rural housing, rural electrification, re- forestation, road improvement and grade-crossing elimination—there is an effort to confine it to the under- takings which would not be financed by private capital. The cost will be great, Figures on the cost, the Presi- dent promises, will be contained in his forthcoming outline of the relief budget. Work relief is more expensive than cash relief. But the President is taking the longer view, which dis- misses as unimportant the relatively higher cost of work-relief so long as such an expedient promises an escape from the non-constructive and plainly demoralizing dole. The greatest care, of course, will have to be exercised in preventing the new work-relief program from at- tracting, as in the case of the hastily thrown together C. W. A, men from private employment, placing them on relief rolls which otherwise they would shun. Such an undertaking as the President outlines is a new ven- ture in this country. The hope of those who agree with the President in principle, but are assailed by skep- ticism as to the practicability of his plan, is that the country, in trying to escape the evils of the dole, will not find itself combatting the equally sin- ister evils of pork-barrel politics. ———— Reminiscences make interesting ref- erences to the time when travel be- tween the White House and the Capitol was difficult. Even the kindest fore- casters do not hesitate to predict some hard sledding before the Winter is over. ————— A Stadium for Washington. Prospect of the creation of a sta- dium in Washington, which has long been desired and required, is now brighter than ever, with the allocation of funds by the Public Works Admin- istration for the preparation of plans and with the assignment of engineers for the testing of the soil on the banks of the Anacostia River to determine the possibility of its location on the eastern edge of the city. Work in this research into the suitability of the suggested site will soon start and the actual planning of the arena is to be- gin immediately. For many years the need of a sta- dium at the Capital has been felt. It was once proposed that it be located in East Potomac Park. President ‘Theodore Roosevelt advocated this de- velopment, but nothing was done in that direction, as objections were raised that the space available was not adequate and furthermore that there would be serious difficulty in the accommodation of the multitudes seeking access to the place of assem- blage. The site now proposed and about to e subjected to tests is advantageously situated as respects available expanse A ’ 0c | Projected Municipal Center. and accessibility. It would be as con. venient as any other location and fur- thermore it would have the advantage of a water area immediately adjacent for aquatic sports. This space on the eastern border of the city has been comparatively slow in development, owing to the river conditions, which have lately been greatly improved. Consequently there is ample room for a stadium capablesof accommodating a great @ssemblage and of furnishing the scene of the largest events in sport, which Washington has always lacked and which it should possess. The tentative plan for a stadium includes the erection of a National Guard armory, which is and has long been one of the standing items of the program of Capital development. This body of the citizen soldiery of the District has never had a proper home. makeshift quarters, always inadequate in size and accommodations. It is now established in one of the old hotels, taken as part of the site of the Combi- nation of stadium and Guard armory, the stadium affording space for a drill field, wouid be a most satisfactory solution of this problem. With a great stadium, built in ac- cordance with the best plans for such a feature of civic life, Washington would be in a position to be the scene of notable sporting events, such as, for example, the annual Army-Navy foot bail game, which should by all reck- oning be staged at the Capital. Cere- monial affairs, staged on a large scale, could be witnessed by many thousands with comfort and safety. The need is evident. The opportunity is at hand. site is suitable as respects foundations the work should proceed without delay. Mr. Roosevelt Looks Abroad. President Roosevelt evinces regret in his message to Congress that he cannot conscientiously report improve- beyond our shores. Naturally, he re- frains from mentioning names, but he refers pointedly to the “many old jealousies resurrected, old passions aroused.” He speaks of the “new strivings for armament and power, in more than one land,” which “rear their ugly heads,” leaving it to the American people and the world at large, in light of recent and current developments in both hemispheres, to figure out for themselves at whom he is tilting. There is no less significance in the President's expression of hope that “calm counsel and constructive leader- ship will provide the steadying influ- ence and the time necessary for the coming of new and more practical forms of representative government throughout the world.” There seems little question but that Mr, Roosevelt thus thrusts at those various systems of militarism and dictatorship which have enthroned what he describes as “privilege” and displaced “welfare.” Despite such conditions abroad, the President believes that America’s own “peaceful and neighborly aftitude” is “coming to be appreciated and under- stood.” He affirms that “the main- tenance of international peace is & matter in which we are deeply and unselfishly concerned.” The United States is inspired by a “persistent and undeniable desire to prevent armed conflict.” Whether proponents of American entry into the World Court will be satisfied with this abstract expression of the United States’ pref- erence for judicial arbitrament of international disputes remains to be seen. Mr. Roosevelt does not men- tion the court, Because of the recent failure to reach new agreements for naval limi- tation there is highly suggestive im- portance in the President's assertion that “there is no gropnd for appre- hension that our relations with any nation will be otherwise than peace- ful.” But there is a fairly direct hint to all whom it may concern in Mr. Roosevelt’s further observation that there is also no ground for doubt that “the people of most nations seek relief from the threat and burden attaching to the false theory that extravagant armament cannot be reduced and limited by international accord.” ‘The President’s language is neces- sarily guarded, and perhaps even a bit cryptic, yet it is exceedingly meaningful. Its true import will hardly be missed in those quarters overseas at which it is inferentially directed. ————— President Roosevelt is gathering an abundance of complimentary fan mail for his plain intimation that the most valuable attribute of a pay envelope is the actual work it represents. ———— Vigorous Style. ‘William Bayard Hale, in a political pamphlet entitled “The Story of a Style,” published in 1920, made an experiment in literary analysis which ought not to be forgotten. Instead, 1t would be well if it were examined with care by every aspirant for honor in the field of letters. Time and en- ergy spent in acquiring its lesson certalnly would not be wasted. The philosophy which prompted the test Mr. Hale explained in the summary: It is with a true instinct that language calls the part of speech which represents action ‘the verb'— the word. The task of speech is to predicate, not to paint. The advance of thought is just so swift as the verbs carry it. Adjectives qualify, describe, limit. They are a brake, a drag on the wheel—often necessary in order that advance may be kept in the right track—but not near so often necessary as they are com- monly and lazily deemed to be. They are popular, because easy; they eke out effortless poverty of idea. The man who has something to tell has little need, little time, for them; he snaps out his tale in words of action. * * * The world’s great story-tellers and thinkers have generally written in action words, not quality words. Against this background of doctrine Mr. Hale then checked the works of & score of masters. Shakespeare, he found, used nine adjective and four- teen verbs in a passage of 102 words; Charles Dickens, six adjectives and [} It has been housed here and there, in | 1f the engineers find that the projected | ment in the international situation | sixteen verbs In a paragraph of the same length. The count for Sir Wal- ter Scott was eight to eleven; for Robert Louis Stevenson, three to four- teen; Lord Macaulay, two to eleven; Thomas Carlyle, four to twelve; Washington Irving, eight to twelve: Edgar Allan Poe, five to twelve; George Bernard Shaw, four to four- teen. Thomas Hardy, poet and nov- elist, earned a place at the head of the list by scoring only one adjective to fourteen verbs. Maurice Hewlett and Mark Twain ran neck to neck, with three to thirteen each. Ed- ward Gibbon, historian of the fall of Rome, brought up the rear with eight to nine. Among non-English writers Maurice Maeterlinck bore away the supreme laurels—he had need of no adjectives whatever in a specimen of his work which included no less than ten ac- tion words. Sienkiewicz, of “Quo Vadis” fame, was next, with only one qualifying “brake” in a passage show- ing eleven verbs. The score for Stend- hal was two to fifteen; for Bazin, three to eighteen; for Rousseau, six to fourteen, and for Amiel, seven to nine. Mr. Hale, however, did not insist that reasonable restriction in ex- pression was unwise. Rather, he warned against the danger of permit- ting thought to “run wild,” and con- ceded that description often is to be desired in the interest of accuracy. His principal argument, none the less, 1s worthy of remembrance— vigorous style grasps the attention of the reader as delicate, labored or “pretty” style never can, and ama- teur as well as professional writers should be guided accordingly. — et In theory a sales tax sounds rea- sonable enough. The person who buys the most makes the largest contribu- tion. Making practice conform to theory is what makes the life of & statesman hard the world over. ———r————————— The Hauptmann trial in the course of human nature inevitably develops the type of citizen who does not care how unpopular he may be so long as he is prominent. —————————— A “Red” school teacher must not be surprised if students who come from conservatively patriotic families be- come unruly and even mutinous. . One objection to Communism is that it promotes the idea that anybody has the right to assume to instruct every- body else. ——e—— Automobile inventors triumphed over many obstacles. Perhaps they may solve the problems of parking and reckless driving. — e —— ‘When quarrels over patronage arise an official is excusable for going sports- minded and feeling like the much- abused umpire. - The fear presents itself that the World War left Europe with more, but not necessarily better countries. B e Many regard the President’s mes- sage as a remarkably interesting pref- ace to chapters yet to come. ————rat————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Calling for Cards, “A game's a game,” said Cactus Joe. “You can't tell how the cards will go. A NEW DEAL came into display, In the great game called N, R. A The game of which 1 am aware Depends on drawing cards with care. And there is something still to do When any old NEW DEAL is through. You must draw cards if you would play This good old game the proper way. My hand may not foretell much luck With deuces, treys and such like truck. Unto the Dealer then, I say, I'll not pass out, I'm going to stay; I need the draw if I'm to win." So a NEW ORDER I put in, Bigger and Better Resolutions, “What kind of a New Year did you have?” “It was pleasant in a preparatory way,” said Senator Sorghum. “The resolutions I made were only in the nature of a rehearsal for the resolu- tions I'm expected to assist in putting across in Congress.” Jud Tunkins says diplomats will have to study launguages a lot before they can understand what's being said in a quarrel between a Russian and a Japanese. Machine and Man. We've got machines to do the work ‘With purpose wise and true, We'll meet the task we cannot shirk And tell em what to do. The choice that we must now discuss Amid the shifting scenes Is if machines won't work for us ‘We must work for machines. Exemption. “You try to have a kind word for every one.” “Even for gangsters,” answered Miss Cayenne. “They vary the monotony. ‘When they get into trouble, they are not paraded in print as ‘prominent society people. Straight and Narrow. George Washington, your Monument Is pointing ever to the sky. ‘The destination that you meant For men is plain to every eye. Although your words we may forget ‘Which every patriot should revere, This symbol thus before us set Must make your though forever clear, “A New Year resolution ain’ much help,” said Uncle Eben, “if you has to keep it in de repair shop most of de time.” ——————————— Congressional Exercise. From the Pontiac (Mich.) Press. Congressional gymnasium is an eco- nomic waste what with all the exer- THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Talking meanly to others seems to be a sort of primary defense with many persons. There is something fundamental about it, evidently, Even the most miserable-looking persons, from the standpoint of world- ly wealth, often hesitate less,k about using this defense than those who might seem to be born to it. Evidently they need it more. Every one has seen such a person “bawling out” a clerk in a store. ‘The observer will wonder how the man, or it may be a woman, ever got up enough nerve to do it. Where did he ever get the idea that he had a right to censure others, after carefully regarding his own im- age in a glass for a time? * kK X The fact is that this form of talk is as animal, with some human be- ings, as tooth and claw operations With the strictly four-footed. They find it eases life for them, and often gives them what they want. Above all, it soothes their pride. Pride is a wonderful thing, no doubt about it, so much so that one may wonder if it is not worth any means used to attain it, and especially keep i, No doubt this fellow talking meanly to a mate has learned how to soothe his own pride, and that is something. ‘The wonder will remain, among the observant, how he managed to build up his ego to the point where he would dare to talk to another human being so, * ok kX The answer must be, because the other permits it. Much of the cussedness in the world comes about because others permit it. If every one who thinks himself the victim of something or other would rebel instantly there would be much | less foolishness going on. This is a sort of revolution that would do a great deal of good in the world. Often the villains of the piece do not exactly realize what they are doing. They would benefit from being told. * % % ¥ Here Is a frowsy old woman, for in- stance, who is berating a clerk who has tried to help her. If the old lady were talking to the lowest type of humanity, she could not use more abusive and insulting words, and manner. Above all, manner. Just how such a person ever got such a manner of address is something of a mystery. Maybe she read about it somewhere. Her voice is high, arrogant, and completely ill bred. The observer of the scene boils with inward rage, as no doubt the clerk is doing. How he longs for the latter to turn on her tormentor, and shout: “Who gave you the right to speak to me so, you impudent, ill-bred, nasty old person? “Chase yourself around the block and forget to come back. “One more word out of you and I will poke you in the jaw, as you richly deserve, “One more word, and—" It would be worth a proverbial king’s ransom to watch the expression which would come over the old wom- an’s face. * % x ¥ These people thrive on courtesy. Polite treatment of them is the way they “get away with it.” tions on and off, as one Let us represent sweetness of dis- position as cold water, meanness as hot water. It would be better for them if they could turn on the “hot” more, instead of forever running cold. * kX X The ability to fight back, when fighting is necessary, is a precious as- set, whatever theoretical views one may hold as to war. Therefore the person who forever runs sweet will do well to turn to the mean talker, whoever he or she may be, and study the phenomenon. For the person given to much mean talking to others, upon the slightest opoprtunity, holds a good lesson for the meak and mild. Not that any one would advocate complete imitation of the type. No, there is no occasion for that. But it is an unfortunate truth, it would seem, that far too many per- sons nowadays lack completely the grit of conflict. It is not in their nature, evidently, and then our much vaunted universal education has bred out what little of it was there to begin with. Much of the kindness found in the average person is nothing more than timidity. They have been taught so long not | | to “talk back” to teachers and others | that a complacency in acceptance has arisen in them. That this mental attitude helps make the world a quieter place is without question, but it will seem at times these are not the ones who ought to contribute harmony, that they pay too big a price for it ir their own lives when they permit others to foist their own nastiness of temper upon them. * ok ok * It will be discovered in many such cases that sweet-tempered persons often know their insufficiency, this respect, and inwardly rebel against it, but do not have enough spirit to take the consequences of rebellion. Somebody ought to tell them that they undoubtedly would be surprised at the ease of it, once they started to kick back. No man or woman alive ought to let another human being “sass” them back, especially when undeserved. No economic pressure ought to be so great that it could restrain them from hit- ting back. If moye people would answer nasti- ness of temper with equal nastiness, there would be more small broils. per- haps, at the time being, but in the end there would be much less of this thing of talking meanly to others, as a sort of primary means. of de- fense. Let all such addicts get themselves defenses built more solidly on the good points in themselves, rather than attempt to build forever on what they suppose to be faults in others. The mote and the beam is an old lessor. but it is better today than ever. Architect Advocaleé Normal Flow Of Mortgage Money To the Editor of The Star: If it is desired to take up the slack | in employment and end the depres- | sion, it would seem that the quickest and safest way to do so would be to | restore the normal flow of mortgage money at attractive rates. If, instead of squandering billions in ways which six years ago no one outside of a lunatic asylum could have proposed, the Government would set up an agency for discounting sound 6 per cent mortgages made by the lending institutions at a reasonable rate of interest, a great wave of industry would quickly follow and with it a demand not only for all the new con- struction but for that which now lies vacant. Moreover, the Government would stand to lose nothing by the venture. The proposed insurance of mortgages is too onerous to be efective. There must be a vast number of other responsible persons throughout the country situated as I am who would gladly undertake building opera- tions if they could obtain mortgages at reasonable rates. Under such a condition I myself could immediately commence work on projects which with all their ramifications would probably afford employment to four or five thousand persons for & year or more, and there are undoubtedly thousands of others who would do likewise to a greater or less extent. For almost five years now this great stimulus to industry has been dried up. Five or six million men formerly engaged in the building industry have been either out of work or else em- ployed only a small part of their time. The paralysis in this line has af- fected all other lines so that upward of 10 million men have become con- sumers at the public expense instead of producers and all the wealth which they could have created by their labors has been lost. With employment & vast demand for floor space would quickly develop not only for living quarters but for all other purposes, while the creation of that space would afford the necessary employment. * ¥ X X During the war building operations were suspended for only about two years, yet it took 10 years to catch up with the demand. I owned a large block of tenements on Forty-first and Forty-second streets, Manhattan, and for the first five years of that time there was a long tenants’ waiting list. The management reported that they could rent apartments on the roof or in the cellar if we had them. Now there has been a stoppage of building for about five years. A great number of families have been obliged to double up, as' the saying is. They do not like it and at the first oppor- tunity will separate. Others by the thousands have crowded themselvees into smaller units and these, too, will want to expand. With unemployment there will, therefore, sfring up an un- heard of demand for space. Many short-sighted persons, among whom sge the heads of most of the large lenging institutions, look askance at new “building and ask why have more while so much is vacant. They do not seem to realize that the va- cancies are chiefly due to the stoppage of building. - The depression feeds on itself and each curtailment causes others, and the strange part is that there has been no loss of real wealth but only of courage. Meanwhile the ' National Government adopts measures most admirably adapted to scare off private enterprise end pours out billions in the vain effort to restore prosperity by, at Attractive Rates unnatural means, with the result that an ever increasing proportion of the population is being supported at the taxpayers’ expense, and we are fast approaching the brink of economic chaos. * X x % To be sure, we need a new deal, but not of the Rooseveltian type, based as it is on economic and other fallacies. Prosperity is not to be had by the shameful repudiation of national obli- gations; the confiscation of gold, the unsettlement of the standard of value, the debasement of the currency, the violation of the Constitution, the Gov- ernment by executive order instead of by law, the piling up of the national debt, the confiscatory increase in taxa- tion, the artificial raising of prices, the competition of the Government in business, the use of the people’s money to increase the cost of food to the people by farmers’ bonuses, the limita- tion of crops, the destruction of food, the regimentation of industry, the withdrawal of profit from business, the encouragement of monopolies, the fear of inflation or the other accom- plishments of the present regime. There never has been overproduc- tion in this country—even in the best of times by far the larger part of the population has been underfed, poorly clothed and improperly housed. = With potential abundance millions have been in want. If this means anything it means improper distribution. Prices are too high, yet the Government strives to make thgm higher. For many years we have tried trade restriction with foreign nations as a means of prosperity, on the theory that high prices produce beter living conditions and that American indus- try must be protected, but as the higher prices are paid by ourselves, and as the protection is also at our own expense, this looks very much like an attempt to raise ourselves by our bootstraps. Nothing is gained thereby, but much is lost for the net result is to deprive ourselves of low- priced goods together with the profit which might be had in the exchange of things which we can produce to ad- vantage for those which we cannot. True economy requires that indus- tries which cannot be operated advan- tageously be abandoned. Not imme- diately, of course, for that would cause economic disturbance, but gradually by a constant progressive lowering of the tariff until that most foolish method of raising public revenue is abandoned. To tax foreign trade is to maim the goose that lays the golden egg and to restrict distribution. The removal of the tariff would constitute & veritable new deal and one which would, in all probability, usher in a period of unexampled prosperity, similar to that which followed the adoption of free trade by England but on a much larger scale. Any curtail- ment of industry involved thereby would be doubly offset by the in- creased output of those things which we can produce to advantage and sell abroad. In this way only is there hope that distribution can be greatly increased and poverty to & large ex- tent abolished. It certainly cannot be done by unnatural means and the violation of sound econcmic principles. ERNEST cipl FLAGG. New York City. —_————————— Belated. From the Troy (N. ¥.) Record. debt is rumored as near. Evidently the mutual understanding is having as much trouble getting out of the U. 8. 8. R. as some travelers have il THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. DANGER ZONE. The story of the During the World War the British and American naval forces open_x'_g.: area was demonstrated in May, 1916, 1 when only a few miles from Queens- town, now Cobh, the Lusitania was torpedoed by the German submarine U-20. Sir Lewis Bayly was almost im- mediately appointed commander, with headquarters in Queenstown, to fight the submarine menace. In May, 1017, the first American destroyers arrived and the author of this thrilling chap- ter of World War history was in com- mand of the first British vessel which went out from Queenstown to meet the welcome Americans. Mr. Chatter- ton, suthor of many books about the sea, one of the best of which is "Thei Sea Ralders,” has told the whole story of British-American co-operation in those dangerous seas which surround Scotland, Ireland and the entrance to the English Channel, made more dan- gerous by the unseen presence of death-dealing submarines. He has used all available documents and much personal experience. The fore- word is written by Rear Admiral Sims of the United States Navy. Mr. Chatterton's book is one which will be in demand by all the Amer- ican officers and men who served in the Queenstown Command, about 8,000 of them, by people everywhere especially interested in naval affairs and by many general readers, who will check back and forth between the text and the detailed end-paper maps in following the attacks and defenses of the Anglo-American “pull together” association. Strange vessels are shown in the illustrations of the book, striped, mottled, splashed, looking in their camoufiage like the product of some modernistic artist. They rescued men from torpedoed boats, fighting against the worst weather, and sank a few U-boats on the offensive side of the war game. “Well may we now- adays smile at the question that was put in 1920 by the Berlin Parlia- mentary Committee of Inquiry to the | German Admiral Koch—How was it | that only one transport conveying | American troops to France was sunk f by submarine agency?” The reader | | has already seen the answer for him- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. qutm long do the big trees live?— A. The big trees are known to grow to an age of three and four thousand years, as proved by counts made on the annual rings of trees that have fallen through natural causes. Some of the living trees, by a comparison with these fallen monarchs, are esti- mated at from four to six thousand years. The Gen. Sherman, the largest of these trees and located in Sequoia National Park, is perhaps the oldest, as it is the largest of them all. Q. What is meant by poetic justice? A. Poetic justice is that ideal jus- tice, according to which crimes should be punished and virtues rewarded, re- garded by authors and critics of the former pseudoclassical school as proper to a poem, drama or other literary work, Rqé Please describe the Mann act.— A. The Mann act makes it a felony for a man to transport a woman or girl for immoral purposes. This is & Federal statute. The penalty is $10,- 000 or 10 years in prison, or both. ‘The act was passed by the House of Representatives March 26, 1910, Senate June 10, 1910, approved June 26, 1910, when it became operative, Q. What accounts for yellow stains appearing on clothes when being ironed? I am sure they are not iron rust stains.—D. E. A. When a material has not been rinsed sufficiently and is ironed with soap still in the fabric, yellow stains sometimes appear. Ordinary launder- ing often removes them and bleaching in the sun will help if the stain is persistent. This condition may be avoided by thorough rinsing of clothes. Q. Is it true that it takes longer to travel across a_degree of longitude at the Equator than it does at poles? —M. R. A. Points on the same meridians of longitude are farther apart at the Equator than at any point north or | south. This can readily be seen by consulting a globe, for the meridians | self.” Admiral Baylys three methods of combating U-boats are described | and the effectiveness of these methods | in rapidly reducing the number oper- | ating in the approach area. The ! mystery Q-saips are also described, | with all their tricks of collapsible deck | houses and undercover communica- tion. The whole story of Roger Case- | ment, smuggled into Ireland from a U-boat, is here told and its important | bearing on the problems of the| Queenstown Command is pointed out. | Mr. Chatterton has no doubt that | Casement was “the prime instigator of German-supported Iebellion” in Ire- land, nor that he deserved his convic- | tion and execution. * % X K A SHORTER HISTORY OF ENG- | LAND. By Hilaire Belloc. New York: The Macmillan Co. No intention of having this history adopted as & text book in English, or | other, schools could have been in Mr. Belloc’s mind when he wrote it. He | evidently wrote it to please himself and those readers who like an orig- inal point of view and good writing. A medievalist himself, he sees the medieval period the most important in Great Britain’s history. 8o six long chapters are given to the Roman foundation, the Dark Ages, the Nor-| man Conquest, the high Middle Ages, the decline of the Middle Ages, down to the advent of the Reforma- | tion; six more to the reigns of Henry VIII, Elizabeth and the Stuarts; and | only three chapters, of 78 pages alto- gether, to the nineteenth century. The book ends, except for an epi- logue, with the death of Queen Vic- toria in 1901. Mr. Belloc sees little of good in this modern world, since the downfall of the authority of kings and the church. One does not need to agree with him to enjoy his his- torical perception and brilliant style. In addition to his assignment of un- usual proportions to the parts of Eng- lish history. his refusal to “telescope” history, as he calls it, he has treated the period following the Stuarts in a manner to stress general forces, in- stead of personalities, for after the “destruction of kingly power in 1688,” a class governed, not persons. The importance of the Roman foundation of English society, Mr. Belloc believes, is not recognized by most historians, so he gives nearly 100 pages to the Roman invasion of England, with its momentous consequences, _8mong them the Christianizing of England by St. Augustine and the establish~ ment of the Catholic Church there. * kX ok THE CAMBRIDGE SHORTER HIS- TORY OF INDIA. By J. Allen, Sir T. Wolseley Haig and H. H. Dodwell. New York: The Mac- millan Co. The history of India involves so much knowledge of languages, races, religions and traditions that any one man who tries to write it must be either a superscholar or profoundly self-confident. The three men who collaborate in this brief but compre- hensive history are all well fitted for the task. Mr. Allan is keeper of the department of coins and medals of the British Museum, Sir T. Wolseley | Haig was formerly lecturer in Persian in the School of Oriental Studies at the University of London and Mr. Dodwell is professor of the history and culture of the British Dominions in Asia at the University of London. The volume embodies the research given more extensive representation in the “Cambridge History of India” itself, of which both Sir Wolseley Haig and Mr. Dodwell were editors. The history of India is treated in three parts: Ancient India, Muslem India and British India. A short! bibliography, a full index and 21 maps are part of the volume. * k ok X D IS FOR DUTCH. By Thames Wil- liamson. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. - The Pennsylvania Dutch in a realis- tic novel, with the main character converge upon the North and South Poles, the distance between them at these points being zero. This has been proved by actual measurement of de- grees. It is found that the length | of a degree of latitude is greatest at the Equator, decreasing gradually to- ward the North and South Poles. Q. How many Mexicans speak Span- ish>—K. W. A. Of the 14,000,000 people living in Mexico, 12,000,000 speak Spanish. Fully 50 per cent of those speaking Spanish read and write it as well The remaining 2,000,000 speak a dia- lect, and in this group very few read or t\vrive either Spanish or their dia- lect. Q. Should leaves be removed from the lawn or allowed to remain on the ground?—E. L. A. Leaves from trees should be re- moved from the lawn, as they ar likely to injure the grass by smoth- ering it, especially when the layer is thick enough to hide the grass. Leaves contain very little available plant food and are practically worthless as a fertilizer unless composted until completely decayed. There is a rather general, though erroneous, belief that the grass is benefited by the protec- tive covering furnished by leaves. Public Accepts Predictions which have been made of great changes in the National Re- covery Administration meet with little support in editorial discussion. It is even declared that the new Congress will give little attention to proposals for_important changes in the law. “There is increasing evidence,” says the St. Joseph (Mo.) News-Press, “that, in spite of the attacks that have been made upon the N. R. A. and re- gardless of numerous complaints with regard to the manner in which its policies have been carried out, the business interests of the Nation as well as the working people believe there is more good than harm in the plan.” As evidence of the undesirability of authorizing new tasks for N. R. A., the New York Herald Tribune summarizes the experience of the past year: “The history has been the familiar one of so many other efforts at ‘carteliza- tion’ in industries not favorably organ- ized for it. The high prices shriveled a market already too small, that | brought violations too many to be sup- pressed, these compelled further vio- lations by competing firms, businesses soon found themselves threatened with extinction if they obeyed the code and with prosecution if they did not, and the result was & chaos which by the end of this Summer had brought large elements of the industry to foresee ‘disaster ultimately complete’ unless the price-fixing provisions were abol- ished.” “Our prediction,” states the Muskegon (Mich.) Chronicle, “is that there will be no new N. R. A. legislation in the 1935 Congress. The thought of the Nation is too far from even an ap- proach to unity and the constitutional issues are too uncertain. There will be a renewal of the present law for another year, and meantime we shall mark time, as we are now, waiting to see what will develop.” “The recovery act,” observes the San Jose Mercury Herald, “was based on the theory that raising prices and wages would stimulate business ac- tivity. “The codes drawn for the several i e of common hereditary strains and similar environments, live in New York of the boom, crash and depres- sion periods. The gentle, domestic, impeccable one fares no better than the unscrupulous and stubborn ones, a farmer who, under the influence of traditional family and neighborhood superstitions, becomes a “hex” doctor, but is himself put under the spell of 2 silent woman, his wife, “solid, long- lasting Katy, hidden and ambushed behind her thick glasses.” * X X X THE POWER TO KILL. By Robert Hichens. Garden City: Double- day, Dorgn & Co. Virginia McGarron, “a dark beauty from one of the Southern States,” Is, in her passionate willfulness and determination to have her desires gratified, at whatever cost to others, of the same type already pictured by Mr. Hichens in the vital m of “The Paradine Case” and the sin- ister beauty of “Bella Donna.” Through & complicated plot her power for evil is developed to a tragic end. * X X X% THE GOLDEN VANITY. By Isabel Paterson. New York: Willlam Morrow & Co. Three cousins, Gina, Mysie and Geraldine, strikingly different in [ spite! of the which is of course in accordance with real life. Mrs. Paterson’s satiric treatment of human nature and her picture of modern life in one of its most modern centers lift her story above the average. * ¥ ¥ % MICHAEL'S WIFE. By Alice De Ford. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. Marrying for pity instead of love seems a poor beginning, but in this old-fashioned, well-told story the re- sult is satisfactory and the romance is prolonged. Michael Cochrane is sorry for Julie Byrd because she is alone; he also wants a companion in his big house, Windyhill. Julie, how- ever, loves Michael, but sets herself to conceal the fact in order not to bother him and interfere with his devotion to his estate. It takes a visit of Michael's younger brother, Toby, who, unfortunately for him, falls in love with Julie, to make Michael discover his own love for her. ‘This plot recalls dozens of the period famous 80s and 90s. Q. What was the original name of Marblehead, Mm.?—l..."é‘ 8. : 4 fiv dMn'rble Harbor. The name was erived from “marbl a both sides of the harbor. e Q. Why does & President use more than one pen in signing treaties and other important documents?—C. D. A. Such pens are prized as souves nirs, and a President often uses sev- eral so that he may present them to people especially interested in the document. Q. How can peanuts be su the shell?—V. a.m e A. Salting peanuts in the shell is done quite extensively in the tropics. The peanuts are boiled in the salt liquid and then allowed to dry, after which they are roasted. No special equipment is required for this process. Q. How large is Banfl N: Park?—M. M. e A. This park in the C: Rockies comprises ‘an ‘srea of 5503 square miles. It is a game sanctuary 1‘nuld conm.n; Xa‘:m:e of the most beauti- mounf scent Prariting ery in North S. BWho first mixed and used paint? A. It is unknown, since paint has | been employed from a very early pe- riod. White lead was mentioned by Theophrastus, Pliny and Vitruvius, who described its manufacture from lead and vinegar. Yellow ocher was used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Pots of it were found in Pompeil. Naples yellow has been found in the yellow enamel of Baby- lonian bricks. Verdigris was familiar to the Romans. Indigo has been em- | Ployed by the East Indians and Egyp- | tians from an ancient time, | Q. When was a route for a canal | across Panama first propesed?—H. R. | A. The route traversed by the Pan- 2ma Canal was explored by the early Spanish explorers, particularly Bal- | boa, who first broached the matter to | the Emperor of Spain in the earlv years of the sixteenth century a:® :23?5 xsm-veys mlsear:h of a feasible or a canal T irredby across the Panama Q. How oldNLs the new premier of France?—F. | A. Plerre Etienne Flandin, the | igunges! premier in French history, is | Q what would & cost | bonus?>—H. D. L. oipar A. Estimates of payment in full of ‘g:g:dg;.\g:dslczglopemamon or bonus | 800,000, - ‘ o o 0,000 to $2,500, | Q. How many crippled there in the United xg:[awgilge&m A. There are more than 400,000 crippled children in this country. | ,Q Why was the Porcel Vi of Nanking built?>—S. B, R Towes | _A. It was designed by | Yung-lo (1403-'55) on’ :heplg:‘lgii?;’ | sacred site to commemorate the vir- tues of his mother. It was begun in 1413 and destroyed during the | Taiping rebellion. The tower was oc- | tagonal in shape, about 260 feet high, its outer walls cased with the finest white porcelain bricks. Each of the nine stories in which the building was | divided was marked by overhanging + | €aves of green glazed tiles. Q. What figure surmounts the Tzniardc of Trade Building in Chicago? | A. Ceres, the goddess of the harvest. | @ wna E t is spent in lighti 1= | dences with electricity?—D, I'x‘].g o I A. The total electric light bill for lrestdences amounts to $662,000,000 a year, Forecasts Of Unchanged Recovery Act | industries embodied this theory. In | most of them there were provisions | for price-fixing, indirect if not direct. | There were also restrictions upon pro- | duction. The policy of its adminis- trative officers has been to shorten | hours and increase wage scales. “These features were all new, for they were a departure from the long- accepted theory that only through competition could productive power be increased and higher standards of living attained. They have been tried out for more than a year, and the re- sults afford a basis for conclusions. “The hearing in Washington on the petition of a Western lumber associa~ tion to eliminate price-fixing uncove | ered what they are in the lumber in- | dustry. Several leading dealers testi- fied that this provision had ‘made an army of scoffiaws and law-breakers’ because lumber could not be sold at the price set. One of them, in de- scribing the situation, said: “‘Now, nobody pays any attention to the code. Some say abandonment of price-fixing would cause price collapse. My answer to that is that costs are too high, prices just cannot go back.” “Another stated that if price-fixing provisions were enforced it would drive every small dealer out of the business. That the code price structure on the Pacific Coast had completely col- lapsed all dealers agreed.” “The N. R. A. forces in Washing- ton,” says the Sioux Fall (S. Dak.) Argus-Leader, “are pressing steadily forward in their campaign to obtain N. R. A. compliance laws in all States. It is probable, therefore, that some measure will be introduced in the ses- sion of the South Dakota Legislature in January. Our State Constitution blocks such a regulation, but smooth talk may be employed in an effort to convince the solons that the Constitu- tion is merely a scrap of paper.” The Kansas City Times condemns the proposed 30-hour week measure with the comment: “In view of the increasingly obvious failure of the N. R. A. to do what was expected of it, any attempt to push its funda- mental idea to a further extreme is decidedly incongruous. It would, if it got anywhere, be only a blow to the reviving confidence, the consumer buying and the promise of industrial expansion that afford the best as- surance of more employment in nor- mal operations.” Boulder Dam Will Function Soon. From the Pasadens (Calif.) Star-News. Those who said it “could not be done”; that it would require years longer than anticipated, if 1t ever were finished, and that the cost esti- mates were far too low, row must re- vise their gloomy forecasts concerning Boulder Dam. This gigantic enter- prise now is reported 92 per cent com- plete. The contractors are two and one-half years ahead of the construc- tion schedule. There will be no need for supplemental appropriations. Storage of water behind the big dam starts in January. Another pessimistic prophecy that is due for revision was that which said the metropolitan water district was building the aqueduct before there was any possibility for completion of the