Evening Star Newspaper, July 3, 1933, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JULY 3, 1933. A THE EVENING BTAR, WASHINGTON, D. €. MONDAY, JULY % w88 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. {THE EVENING STAR With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY..........July 3, 1933 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11en_ 8t “and. Pennivivants, Ave k : 110 East 42nd 8t. 3 nt Bt. - ‘Enaand. by Carrler Within the City. 45¢ per month 60c per month Bate Mall—Payable in Advance. bl'nryhn‘ H’I: Virginis. 1yr, 8 1y, o hia%of uniication of ubiica Nbrels are also Teserved. Hitler’s “Kulturkampf.” Pollowing the Franco-Prusslan War, Burope’s attention was concentrated on Prince Bismarck's “Kulturkampf” (cul- tural struggle) against the Catholic Church. The Iron Chancellor demanded that appointments to the hierarchy in Germany should be controlled by the state. The Vatican bitterly resented this interference with the papal pre- rogative, and for nearly a decade there was a virtual state of war between Berlin and the Holy See. The contest ended in Rome's favor. Despite Bismarck's repeated insistence that “We shall not go to Canossa”—a metaphor dating back to the medieval occasion when another German ruler, worsted in a conflict with the Pope, @ventually wended his way to him, an ebject suppliant for peace—Bismarck did go to Canossa, and abandoned the “Kulturkampf.” The result was the birth of the German Catholic “Center” party, destined to remain a political thorn in the side of all Berlin govern- ments to this day. Now Adolf Hitler, the pinchbeck Bis- wmirck, has embarked upon another Kulturkampf. The Nazi autocrat is sttempting to cover vastly more ter- ritory than his great predecessor ever essayed, for Hitler would dominate all the creeds—Jewish, Protestant and Catholic. ‘The Reich’s 600,000 Jews have been crushed by barbaric persecutions. Not 80 easy, of course, is the suppression of 35,000,000 Protestants who belong to the Lutheran Evangelical Church, for- merly the Prussian “state church,” and which Herr Hitler would now bring under Nazi political subjection. He would deny the right of its twenty-nine constituent groups to name a respected clergyman and bumanitarian, Dr. Fried- rich Von Bodelschwingh as their rank- ing bishop, and is trying to foist upon them a Naz churchman-henchman, Dr. von Mueller, It is the same Dr. von Mueller who has just been vio- lently disavowed as author of & report that Hitler is preparing to renounce Catholicism and join the reorganized, Nagi-ruled “new” Protestantism, and in sddition, to urge other German Catholics to follow him into it. Hitler denies any such plans. Dr. von Muel- ler's stock as prospective secular leader of Naz Protestantism may not survive this amazing episode, which seems to indict him for pernicious zeal. Meantime the Hitler dictatorship on Baturday closed all business offices of Prussian Catholic societies regarded as political organizations. This action fol- lows the recent breaking up by the Nazi euthorities of a great Catholic conven- tion at Munich and the maltreatment of priests, including a ban on services which Cardinal Faulhaber, eminent Bavarian prelate, attempted to hold on the same occasion. ‘That the Vatican will not stand with folded arms in the presence of Hitler's threat to German Catholics seems a foregone conclusion. Also there are some 25,000,000 German Catholics to reckon with. One of them is Col. von Papen, Hitler's vice chancellor, who ronically is at this moment in Vatican City to negotiate a German-Catholic concordat. It is one thing to trample down the cultural existence of 600,000 Jews. It is decidedly something else again to grind the faces of a quarter of » hundred million “Aryan” citizens, who are represented by a potent political or- ganization of their own. President von Hindenburg has emerged from the citadel of impotence, which he has been 8o strangely content to inhabit since the Hitler tyranny set in, long enough to protest vehemently, as a “God-fearing Protestant and Reich President,” against Nazi interference with the Lutheran Church. It remains to be seen whether the Hindenburg plea will suffice to cure Hitler of the midsummer madness of his drive against the churches before he, like the Bis- marck he so feebly imitates, finds it necessary to “go to Canossa” and con- Jess swwm Nust insbility to stifle free- dont of religlous conscience in the name of the “totality” state which Hit- Jer would erect on the ruins of German democracy. T About all that international observers have accomplished in the past is to stimulate a desire in the personage of ultimate responsibility to go and see Sor himself. —.—s | The Russian Market. The Roosevelt administration has| given its approval to an extension of trade between the United States and Soviet Russia. It has gone even fur- ther and permitted the Reconstruction Pinance Corporation to make loans to exporters through which sixty to eighty thousand bales of American cotton are to be sold to Russia. These loans are estimated to run as high as $4,000,000. Tt is not the size of the loans that is of interest. It is the fact that the Amer- ican Government has sanctioned such a transaction. This is & new move, dif- fering from the policy of this Govern- ment since the World War and since the severance of diplomatic relations with the government of Russia. What the new course holds for the United Btates rests with the future. It is quite true that Russia, with its huge terri- tary, millions of people and great nat- ural resources, is a potential market of value for American products. Russis, it is said, may soon be in the fleld for large purchases of other Amet- ican products besides cotton, including agricultural implements, copper and wheat. With American products seek- ing an outlet in the drive for recovery in this country, trade with Russia may prove of value. The manner in which the Russian purchasers fulfi]l their con- tracts in these earlier deals will be watched with interest. Repudiation by ihe Russian authorities of the obliga- tions incurred in the past has been one |, 4, of the serious objections raised in this country to recognition of the Soviet government. The loans made to permit the sale of American cotton to Russis are not, it is said authoritatively, to be con- sidered in any sense as formal recog- nition of the Russian government by the United States. Nevertheless, they will be considered a step in that direc- tion both in this country and in Russia. At all events, the transaction may be regarded as & bold move for an in- crease in American trade. ‘The Reconstruction Finance Corpo- ration not long ago negotiated a loan of $50,000,000 to ald the Chinese to purchase American wheat and cotton. China, like Russia, offers a vast market for the sale of American products. With trade barriers clamped tighter and tighter against American products in many of the countries of Europe, it is not unnatural that the United States should seek to stimulate its trade with China and with Russia. ————————— Trouble at Lorton. It is & curious circumstance that hu- mane endeavors toward prison reform frequently fail because of lack of co- operation on the part of some of those they are designed to benefit. The out- break at Lorton Saturday and yesterday illustrates the difficulty. Throughout his incumbency in that office Capt. M. M. Barnard, super- intendent of the District penal insti- tutions, has been trying to create at the reformatory a relation of mutual help between the inmates and their guards, between the prisoners and the repre- sentatives of society delegated to gov- ern them. A man of generous tempera- ment and kindly disposition, he has labored to make of Lorton a place where offenders against the law might be edu- cated and trained for a more useful and congenial function in the world. He has had faith that a liberal attitude would stir a liberal response, that the men would help him in his effort to help them. Without stooping to “cod- dling,” he has sought to be realistically altruistic in dealing with his charges. And many of the beneficiaries of his policy have justified to the full his con- fidence and aid. But in the population of such & place there are bound to be individuals who stubbornly refuse to appreciate kind- ness. They are the bom trouble- makers upon whom philanthropy is wasted. They are sent to Lorton be- cause they are outlaws, and, like the proverbial leopard with unchanged spots, they maintain their anarchistic posture while they are confined there and after they are released. Their ‘whole business in life appears to be the manufacture of mischief. Capt. Bar- nard’s charity is inclusive enough to admit them to share in its advantages, but they throw his gift back in his face. They stir up a commotion which to the thoughtless may seem to discredit his doctrine. However, the story of the outbreak demonstrates the ineffectiveness of a minority rebellion. The malcontents could accomplish nothing but noise. Their fellow-inmates did not follow them. The tempest was dramatic, doubtless, but it did not attain major proportions. Capt. Barnard did not need to summon assistance. He knows how to be firm when occasion warrants, and the situation did not escape from his control. Lorton is famous throughout the country for the social results which it has achieved. Its reputation will not suffer because of the week end trouble. Indeed, on the contrary, it may be en- hanced. The disturbance was a mi- nority affair. That it did not spread, that it was not general, goes far to show that the majority of his charges are worthy of Capt. Barnard's trust. — e ‘The 4th of July will again permit the general public to indulge in a series of agitated demonstrations about matters which have no great practical signifi- cance at present. The fireworks prob- ably have a social and economic value as the Summer climate intensifies as a safety valve. ————————— The discouraged local sculptor who smashed statues of distinguished Amer- icans because he was behind in his rent, like many artists, is not a good business man. He should at least have been able to sell them piecemeal to souvenir hunters. —————————— Proceed With Constructions! The process of Capital-making now in progress in Washington has in- volved much destruction as well as construction. Many buildings have been razed to make room for new structures, some of them old and de- creplt, some of them of comparatively late erection. Along the south side of Pennsylvania avenue and for a space on the north side long familiar land- marks have been removed. Now the process is to be continued in the neigh- borhood of the Capitol. A contract is about to be let for the preparation of the site of an addition to the Library of Congress, east of the present build- ing, and also for the clearance of the land north of the Capitol grounds and in the triangle between Pennsylvania and Constitution avenues and B street. This work will practically complete the program of site provision for the Government's great construction proj- ect in that area, leaving only the selec- tion and preparation of sites for the new homes for the War and Navy De- partments and the extension of the Naval Hospital in the region west of the White House and north of Potomac Park. ‘The specific inclusion of the Library annex in the program of public works to be immediately undertaken should be followed as swiftly as conditions permit by authorization to proceed with the three western units and also the so-called Apex Building, at the eastern end of the Mall-Avenue triangle, to be occupléd by a group of commissions. The construction of these buildings will contribute to the program of retovery through the employment of labor and the provision of materials, Nothing is to be gained by further delay. The addition of the comparatively few mil- lions to the Government'’s bill will bring more advantage than disadvantage at this juncture. 'A Saner Fourth, ‘Tomotrow will be the Pourth of July, Independense day, and the people of the Nation will celebrate their freedom usual fashion. But it may be pity that maimed limbs and blinded eyes should be the result of homage to liberty, and yet such tragic conse- quences are a commonplace. The news- papers have the duty of chronicling the toll of death and suffering incident to the time, and it is & sad business. However, there can be no doubt that the campaign for a saner Fourth is having effect. What is needed is a more general acceptance of its phil- osophy. Parents, in any case, should be willing to co-operate in the en- deavor to protect children from the dangers of the day. They should exert their influence against the use of ex- Pplosives by their boys and girls, Per- haps the best way to accomplish the desired end is that of substituting for cannon-crackers and cap pistols an in- terest in equally fascinating but much less perilous devices of amusement. As to motor traffic, it appears un- necessary to say that the wise driver will avoid the holiday scrimmage. The Fourth is not the ideal time to travel for the sheer fun of traveling. Those who have had experience on crowded roads will wish to remain at home; those who must go out will desire to 8o at hours when the crush is not at its worst. Bafety first is & good rule all through the year. It is especially important on Independence day. —————— Hitler designs to exclude unworthy types of citizenship from the privilege of parentage and many German cit- izens are probably wishing the idea |li could be made retroactive. ————— vt It must be admitted that the aggres- sive genius of Gen. Charles Dawes has fallen short in one respect. The peculiar pipe he smoked on all occasions has never become popular. —_———— Efforts to avert future war may soon be sufficiently effectual to leave time for the suppression of the sidewalk slayer with the sawed-off shotgun. —_—————— 1t may be doubted whether worry kills people schooled to endure it. Hinden- burg has gone right along celebrating birthdays as if nothing had been hap- pening. ———— Racketeers are kidnaping one another. The practice may be & not undesirable result of the concentration of so much of the current ability to pay in the un- derworld. In astudying the money situation, France may wonder whether there are not such things as gold bloc heads. ————————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Getting in and Out. “Who started the trouble?” we some- times inquire, ‘When confronted by things that we do not admire. We take up a book which we turn page by page Till we're lost in a dim prehistorical age. If some old protozoans had not been so Tude Life might not have grown to a vast fam’ly fued With each generation still questioning thus: “Will some one inform us who started the fuss?” When we have been led into folly or sin, We can never get out in the way we got in, And those misdirecting in confident pride, As leaders persist and will not stand aside. We may as well leave hist'ry there on the shelf And not merely watch it repeating itself. The question arising in moments of doubt Isn't “who got us in?” get us out?” It is “who'll New Finance, “Have you any new theories of finance?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum, “mine is the same old theory; folks that have money should lend it and those that needed it should be as polite and cordial when they pay it back as when they borrowed it.” Jud Tunkins says we've had plenty profiteers and racketeers. We're now welcoming some that want to take hold as patrioteers. Unfailing Prospect. By hope the heart is comforted, ‘Though present ills dismay. Tomorrow’s always just ahead To square things for today. Fatigueless Fame. “Why did you desire to be presented at court?” inquired the visitor. “Because I wished to be envied,” an- swered Miss Cayenne, “without going to especial effort in an intellectual or athletic way to distinguish myself.” “Time is wasted in complaining of life’s uncertainty,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “Even in sleep there is uncertainty as we pray that our dreams may not be unbeautiful. Survival. July the Fourth is now at hand; ‘Those now alive Will all rejoice throughout the land, If they survive. When fireworks bright no more abound We'll say with glee, “Our country lives all safe and sound, And so do we!” THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. If plants are there is one inesti- ‘mable -dnnhcp-mfiie! enjoy over all others, they bring no sorrow to their | affairs owner. ‘The gardener is thus happy above all men. He alone knows immortality of a sort, knowing no sorrow. Chagrin, disappointment, yes, but no SOITOW. Old legends of trees and plants suf- {:&M :vhm boughs are injured stir not. Even the most tender-hearted is not moved to tears as he saws a branch off & favorite tree. * k% % , no matter how 15 & Wonderland of its ‘The sensitive gardener sees “black |own. " on his roses as a curious mani- festation of Nature, not so much as & disease. Especially he sees in none of the blights of plants any of the tinge of suffering s0 common in sickness and injury in animals of all sorts. Contemplation of plant injuries car- ries with it none of the sorrow inherent | the in consideration of similar tions in other spheres. ‘This lack, insensibility, if one will, is seldom realized at its full worth. Yet gardeners, of all.people, need to keep it in mind. rly STl S 1 s 2 P! of their anc! art and profession. * k * % In the den, each gardener is a sort of god, above good and evil. The ancient drama of right and wrong, pain and suffering, disappears here, and it is about the only place on earth it does disappear. Perhaps that was why the ancients selected the Garden of Ed=n as a divine- ly created setting for man without the knowledge of good and evil. ‘The home gardener, as strange as it may seem, links himself with the most ancient times, when he becomes master, in little, of the growing things of the plant world. This is life, but such a curious form of 1ifé, in its manifold variations, that it seems wholly outside the common dispensation. s * *x Birth, growth, decline, end—plants know all these, but the gardener feels them not. To him, in his garden, birth is a seed in a packet; growth, flowers in their season; decline, some blight or insect; the end, “What shall we do with these old plants?” He is lifted above the destiny of all things ving : His plants become symbols, perhaps, but no more, except in a few pathetic minds, which see in them more than the Creator put in them. Happlly for all but these the trees, and the flowers, and the waving grain, the great stalks of corn, the riotous gzm.h of castor beans, and the porch of Rosy Morn petunias, all si happirtess of a sort, without possible ad- mixture of sorrow. * kK X Disappointment, yes, there is plenty of that in & garden. One may suffer c! even anger, when on feeding themselves at the expense of the gardener and his plants. There are many emotions one may have in s garden, but real sorrow we do not believe is among them. manifesta- , or at times insects insist is birth, but it is not hard; there is sickness, but no pain; decline, but no suffering; death, but no sorrow. Is not this Wonderland? pages. There are leaves of grass to peruse, flower pictures to admire, great sunsets going down quietly in all space there is, and all these may be seen and enjoyed from a tiny back- yard. * ok xx Unalloyed happiness, then, in a garden? nnAdlmc.rwll,undouMndly,um'ul ‘mehflflnl’”flflhflu other fellow’s yard?” There is no sor- row in that, only & bit of chagrin, now and then. It is possible to saw and hack and prune, to m\g and to cut off, without in any way icting suffering. ‘Try as much as a sensitive soul may, one finds it impossible to feel pain at such procedures, or to believe for a sec- ond that such hurt is injury in the dictionary sense. * k x * ‘The wonderland of the garden sees the onslaught of dire disease without a qualm. ere are many and strange insects, carefully imported from foreign lands, waiting to turn green stalks into with- ered brown. The gardener may fuss and fume, but he will not sorrow in any real sense, “Ele will “iry to do something about "It success crowns his efforts, he will rejoice, but, if failure, he scarce will lament, but go on to :omet.hin. else. * ok % ‘Thus for sorrow is substituted con- tinuance. It is partly because one may turn to | something else, at any moment, that sorrow is so largely banished from the garden. In other walks of life the same arti- trated by memory. One remembers—and is sorry. In the garden one seldom recollects ignify | unpleasant happenings, and, when gne does, the f{ll feeling is washed over with dew and sunshine. Even gloomy days, with their drench- ing rains, bringing unhappiness to the gardenless, come only to bless, in a garden. The morning glory vines, withered and sere in Autumn, shall be torn up and thrown away, without any regret. Maybe all life is to be regarded so, and parted with so. The world is a | garden, and we are curious plants in it. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. President Roosevelt is returning to a Midsummer Wi which bound to Summers Indeed, on numerous private and public occasions he has likened the intensive drive against depression to a war, and looks upon himself as the com- mander in chief of the forces arrayed against that enemy. For many weeks the Capital has buzzed with the life and activities of war days. Now, as then, business leaders from the four quarters of the Union are streaming into town in droves, in connection with the endless activities comprehended by the Government’s recovery program. Mr. Roosevelt, of course, expects to find lit- tle on his return to the White House except that the program is swinging into -practical execution all along the e. He has kept in close touch with Gen. Johnson, industrial administrator, and Mr. Peek, in charge of agricultural adjustment, and is persuaded that both “czars” are doing their stuff expedi- tlously and effectively. The most grati- fying reports awaiting F. D. R. are those which have piled up in his ab- sence indicating well-nigh universal confidence in and support of the far- reaching and revolutionary experiments now being undertaken to put the ship of state on an even keel. A continu- ance of that kind of national teamwork is what the President considers all- essential to success. Granted it, his hope of eventual results is unalloyed. * ¥ kX Now that Al Smith in the New Out- look has taken his fling at the industrial recovery program and all and sundry associated with recent events at Wash- ington, it is a piquant fact that no fewer than all four of the Democrats who at one time ranked as potential | rivals of Mr. Roosevelt for the Demo- cratic nomination in 1932 have now, more or less guardedly, registered their opposition to the New Deal, in whole or in part. They include Newton D. Baker, Owen D. Young, Alfred E. Smith and Gov. Ritchie. Baker deprecates too much abdication by Congress. Young deplores the danger of ignoring the lessons of experience. Smith doubts the workability of the whole industrial con- trol system. Ritchie, more restrained in his misgivings, accepts conditions as purely temporary and foresees the day when “the theories of government under which our country has grown to greatness will again guide our destinies.” * % k ¥ ‘There’s a bit of irony.in the circum- stance that the gigantic Department of Commerce Building, “the house that Herbert built,” and which notoriously is an eyesore to the Roosevelt adminis- tration because of its allegedly unnec- essarily mammoth size, is now the bee- hive from which recovery maneuvers for zhemmost part are ::elnrs e&me?g Over e Department of erce, too, there presides, as Secretary, Daniel C. Roper, chief axman of the admin- istration and director general of the retrenchment program, in so far as it concerns the lopping off of superfluous Federal agencies. The way things are now going, even the monumental pile of buildings, which cover about four city blocks, may not prove big enough to house the multifarious activities of which Gen. Hugh Johnson is the gen- eralissimo. These become more octo- pus-like from d:y‘to*dl‘y. It's probably due to the hot weather, but the two following pun atrocities are in circulation. It is said, first, that fl';imngo‘m“pm,,mmm.m gress it was the revolt of the Republican Senator from New Mexico on_the vet- erans’ issue that President Roosevelt found “the most unkindest Cutting of all” And, secondly, there comes from the Treasury the suggestion that in threatening to leave the London Con- ference unless the United States Gov- ernment agrees to stabilize the dollar, M. Bonnet, French minister finance, is mnng‘u;mglh his hat. “When & man says he's discouraged,” | d said Uncle Eben, “he may be tired, but | talen! as long as he axes what he's ginter have foh breakfast nex’ mornin’ he ain’ sho’ nuff discouraged.” *' * Hnrvudmln&em in the West years before coming to newest plan for the university is a center for inter-American studies,” which will be inaugurated next year. Its purpose is to link in a manner never hitherto attempted the purely cultural and academic tles which bind the United States with Canada and the 20 Latin American countries. By short- wave -radio and other means the G. W. U. “center” hopes to knit rela- tionships between all the universities of the Western Hemisphere. With stptesmanlike vision Dr. Marvin be- lieves that the United States’ future lies in the direction of unity with the nations on this side of the Atlantic and Pacific rather than with Europe or Asia. Dr. Leo S. Rowe, seasoned di- rector general of the Pan-American Union, will be counselor of the “center.” * x % % One may be sure there was a merry twinkle in the eye of Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson when he issued “second to none” statement of the Urited States naval policy the other day, about the very hour thg ineffective Geneva Disarmament Con- ference was adjourning until October and Norman H. Davis was assuring President Roosevelt that disarmament is slow, but sure. It is everybody's secret that President Roosevelt has his Jjaw set to go ahead and build a mighty American fleet, if the rest of the world by its action, or rather, inaction, indi- cates its determination to keep on pil- ing up armaments. Secretary Swanson was a delegate at Geneva for the first six months of the conference's futility and knows better than almost any other American how hopeless the a- ment outlook is as long as Eur re- mains a powder magazine and a playground for Japanese aggression. * k x x Jouett Shouse ought to get hold of the speech delivered at e London conference last week by M. Albert Sarraut, French colonial minister, in glorification of wines and denunciation of prohibition. It might help to win those 20 other States which have yet to vote in favor of repeal. “Teetotalism and prohibition are terrible heresies and gloomy obfuscations of the human spirit,” said M. Sarraut, who then asked how people can have the heart to neglect that treasure which is wine, which he proceeded to describe as a ‘“real gift from heaven of the blood of life, which tears as_compensation for our suffer- ings.” Sarraut saw prohibition swing States in 1921, when he was a member of the French delegation and later its chairman, at the Washington Arma- ment Conference. He is the publisher of the Toulouse Dispatch, the most in- fluential mnck: p:ovlndal newspaper. * % Around the town you can hear that the “brain_trusters” in such plentiful evidence all over the Federal landscape are learning things in Washington as well as teaching them. They're getting an eyeful of practical training the science of government which is quite commonly an eye-opener as well. A cynical observer remarks that when the professors leave Washington, “many of them will be pretty smart fellows.” A cruel thrust at the professoriat comes from a member of Congress, who asserts, referring to the radio and journalistic activities of certain members of the group, that Yevidently they think sound is the most practical of all " a dig at the predilection of not merely seen. (Copyright, 1933.) e Short Cuts on Royal Road. Prom the San Francisco Chronicle. Fortunately for those of us who feel of [the urgent need, more than ever, for schools, Dr. Robert M. Hutchins, president of the University of Chicago, arises to the occasion and offers a brilliant plan for the future educators. Succinctly, the plan may be stated in or _20. The student would thus reach sooner the direct course he is to use in his telephone and railroad | State try | of railroads, in carloadings, in bank | fice is used, but it is constantly frus-| George Washington six years ago. His | his sta has been vouchsafed us in this vale of | into its futile existence in the United | Th Chairman James A. Farley of the Democratic National Committee, Who is also Postmaster General, has issued a formal reply to the recent statement of Representative Bertrand Snell of New York, Republican leader of the House, which attacked the Roosevelt administration. Mr. Farley'’s comment is to the effect that Mr. Snell’s attack the Democral Farley the position that any attack upon Democratic administration and.its pro- gram is a “campaign in opposition to national recovery and national prosper- ity.” He argues that the American peo- ould resent a campaign against recovery, and that such a campaign should not have the slightest chance of success. Mr. Farley may be entire- ly correct. However, what he is saying sounds very much like what the Re- publicans were saying of Democratic attacks upon the Hoover administration oo R Notwithstanding the criticism by Mr. Snell of the Democratic administration publicans generally are going to place themselves in the position right now of seeking to obstruct or to hinder policies, is likely to go throug these next few mgflm, * % % % Chairman Farley in his reply to Mr. Snell comments upon of commodity prices, reopening of factories, the large additions to the working forces of those that have been Tunning on part time, the widespread increase in wages, the renewed activities statements, in the growth of retail trade | and in & firm and consistent advance in the prices of stocks and other securi- ties. Most of this, if not all, may be fairly attributed to the courage axd pro- gressive plans and policies of the Roose- velt administration, backed by a| patriotic American Congress and the confidence of the American people. “In circumstances of encour- aging and hopeful conditions there ought to be a limit to partisan opposi- tion beyond whic not even the des- peration of misguided party leadership would be willing to venture.” * ok % % Mr. Farley undertakes to distinguish between the Republican leadership and | between the rank and file of the Re- publicans in the country, and especially those Republicans who voted for Roose- velt last Fall. He expresses confidence that those Republicans will resent such attacks upon the Democratic adminis- tration as that recently made by the Republican leader of the House. That, | of course, must be the hope of Mr. Parley and the Democratic leadership. | With a continuance of that Republican ! support, the Democrats may win the congressional elections next year and the presidential election three years hence. Without it, the Democrats would be in a bad way. * x ox % ‘The Democratic chairman is correct when he says that the country—which includes Republicans, as well as Dem- ocrats—is anxious that the Roosevelt Tecovery program be given a fair trial. It would be particularly stupid for the G. O. P. to undertake to throw the machinery out of gear. Mr. Far- ley, however, might have included in tement, made public today, some Teference to what former Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York, the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928, had to say in his article in the New Outlook last week. What Mr. Smith said about the national recovery act, under which the Roosevelt administration is seeking to give American industry and labor a lift out of the swamp of depression, was | certainly as deadly, perhaps more so, than an; that the Republican | leader of the House had to say. Why is Mr. Smith taking a shot at the re- covery program just now? Mr. Farley might suggest to Mr. Smith, as he did 50 forcibly to Mr. Snell, that it would | be just as well to let the Tecovery plan have a chance before throwing” mon- key wrenches into the machinery. Mr. Smith said among other things in his articles, speaking of the industrial re- covery act: “The act is labeled as a temporary emergency measure 50 as to get it by the United States Supreme Court,” said Smith. . “If its terms are carried out literally, the tendency will undoubtedly be to cripple initiative, legalize and even of- ficially encourage monopoly, raise prices and require higher tariffs to maintain :’l;ebnew .stxucturue{ lfilusum a triumph ureaucracy, the little man lost in the shuffle.” e No one could picture a blacker out- look for the country under the opera- tion of this law. And Mr. Smith’s only hope, apparently, is that the wide powers granted under the act will not be used and that while the act may be ‘“radical” its administration will be conservative. * ok % Incidentally, during the consideration of the formation of the first of the codes of fair competition to be'set up under the recovery act, that of the cotton textile industry, there has been virtual agreement to do away with child labor in the cotton mills. No person under sixteen years of age is to be em- ployed in the industry. Here, at least, is one result of the new law—provided, of course, that the code is finally adopted and carried into effect—that the critics of the law will have difficulty criticizing. There may be many other results that will inure to the benefit of the people. But just how the law will operate as a whole no one can predict with exactitude today. Certainly the politicians, Republicans and Democrats alike, should give it a chance. No law is likely to be perfect in its operation. ere may be abuses; there may be mistakes. It may become necessary to amend the law in certain particulars. But if it has promise of aiding in the present nuunuon.*give it a chance. * K K % The Texas Weekly, cornmenting upon the problem which confronts the people of Texas when they vote on prohibition Tepeal next month, insists there should be no doubt that a majority of the voters will support repeal, for, says the Texas Weekly: “Repeal or nullification is what the country is facing. Theo- retically a minority of thirteen or more States can prevent repeal of the eighteenth amendment, but it is now clear that if there are thirteen States in the Union that will refuse to ratify the repeal amendment, they represent such a woeful minority of the population that they could not possibly influence the Federal Government in the matter of enforcement and could not succeed in obtaining appropriations from Con- to waste of ‘enforcing’ prohibition. The eight- eenth amendment, therefore, would be nullified. This is the only alternative to repeal, and it is sufficient reason, if there were no other, why Texas should vote to ratify the repeal amendment in August. The question which Texas faces is not whether national prohibi- tion shall be continued or not. It is whether national prohibition shall be repealed or nullified.” | coinage was on the impossible task |to Crime in Cuba. From the New York Times, this fashion: Shorten the elementary | inf Warm Reading. From the Loulsville Times. ld ‘The largest public library in the wor] is in unlnmv:‘.m%u it carries all !55 g g z g i ] : A Ly 0o § 1 Q. What proportion of the inmates of prisons are employed, and how many are idle>—G. A. A Ibook of Prisons and Refor- matories (1929) says that about 87 per ed in some manner, for. are not authoritative, 1t is probable that more than 11 per cent of the prisoners are idle. long have there been women’s singles tennis championship matches in the United States?—J. M. A. The United States Women's Na- tional Tennis Championships sing] Q. How i | started in 1887, certain a period of watchful waiting diction. convergence v ice, but the meanings are origi- quite distinct. Q. How many acres of Government- wzned') national forests are in the East? A. Of the 161,000,000 acres of na- tional forest lands, only 7,000,000 acres are east of the Great Plain States. Q. How many Americans served with the A’ Approximately 35600 men from the Uninted States served with the Canadian forces. Q. What percentage of the E tion of the United "S.:ltfl Was m mA‘”IO l;l;lzsn éflo——l’. T. e the percentage was 6 cent; in 1930, 4.3 per cent. L Q. When was the first international monetary conference held>—B. N. A. The first conference was called by France in 1867. There the gold standard as the basis of international agreed upon, but no trea- ties were made that insured the carry- ing out of the plans. Q. How old is Nazimova?—W. E. D. A. Alla Nazimova was born in 1879 in Crimea. This year marks her fifty- fourth birthday anniversary. Q. How many paintings are there in the Metropolitan Museum in New York City>—C. L. W. A. It has more than 2,300 paintings. NQ_!.‘W'hn is the Metonic Cycle?— ‘A Meton of Athens. tnvented or | computed the cycle in 432 B.C. It con- sisted of 19 years of 235 lunar months or 6940 days, at the end of which the moon falls on the same day of the yea;l-sltdidltthebeltnmn‘o!m cycle. (Ahnadhm in the World War? (g T book at the Ghicagd Expaeition? a ion? A A. It is the :fim of the Office of Education. A large book bound in red leather lies Fhe;l:nrg‘ s)me‘emv( muctnunn. 1t is syn- cl with the turning pages so that the illustrations illustrate the spoken words. The “talking time” of the book is two and a half minutes. The book closes automatically until the next time for it to talk. Q. From what kind of duck is the damesticated variety descended?—B. T. A. It is descended from the mallard, & species found in nearly all parts of the world. Q. What is the largest ldke in North Dakota?>—W. B, A Lake Minnewaukon, known also a8 Devil's Lake. It is 40 miles long and from 2 to 12 miles broad. Q. What are the duties of a traffic manager?’—G. G. W. . A. A traffic manager classifies traf- fic, fixes rates, fares, supervises local appoints supervisors, adjusts and solicits business. Q. Is the Indian name, Powhatan, pronounced with the accent on the sec- ond syllable or on the last>—N. K. E. A. The Bureau of American Ethnol- ogy says that the origin of Powhatan is as follows: paw at—cascade, water- fall; han na—a stream of water, & river. The English have condensed pawat-hanna to powhatan; in the orig- inal the accent is on the “t.” How- ever, general usage has placed the ac- cent on the final syllable, and Pow ha tan is the accepted form. Q. What is the English expression for cornstarch?—T. M. A. In England it is usually called corn flour. Q. Are United States consuls politi- cal lppoiguu or are they career men? A. Practically all United States consuls are career men; that is, they have made the foreign service their Pprofession and are promoted and trans- ferred from the ranks of the foreign service. i Q. Where is the original “Bace chante” by MacMonnies that caused so much criticism?—D. T. A. In the Luxembourg, Paris. Q. For candied cherries, what portion of sugar should be \uzd”—g“t,)- A. Use pound for pound of sugar and fruit. Place sugar in kettle, add- ing one-half cupful of water for each pound. er until sugar is dis- solved. 8kim, and bring sirup to a boil. Add cherries and cook until they are translucent. Pour off sirup, spread fruit on pmé;nrfi‘:ind dryhm slow oven or in sun. le with sugar and away in waxed paper. o Q._Can Japanese nationals emigrate LSo;lm Africa and Australia?— A. South Africa, Australia and New Zealand have by various methods pro- vided for the exclusion of Japanese subjects. Q. How many times has Babe Ruth made two or more home runs in ome game in a season?—E. B. A. He holds the record with a total of eight. to A Finland Takes Unique Place By Balancing Its Accounts Finland’s place among the natjons, despite its limited area and population, receives high rating among Americans as a result of its being the only nation to pay in full its June instaliment on its debt to the United States. Thrift of the people is lauded, and it is recog- nized that the Finns would have had valid reason for demanding leniency, because of its desperate battle to halt | tha the spread of Red principles and the poverty it suffered through that struggle. Observing that this republic “paid its June obligation in full.” the Cincinnati Times-Star declares: “True, the sum in- volved, $148,592, will have an impercep- tible effect on the American ledger, but it is no trifle in the Finnish bud- get, which is less than one-fiftieth of the size of ours. Finland has suffered as much as any other country from the depression and her leading industry, lumber, has been particularly hard hit. Had she wanted to defauit, Finland could have found as good economic reasons as, say, Lithuania, which failed to pay a smaller sum.” The Times-Star also recognizes the unique services of Finland with the statement: “For her stout defense against the spread of bol- shevism, the little republic had a real claim on the generosity of the great de- mocracy overseas. Yet when the Euro- an debts were funded in 1923, Fin- d was the first to sign. and she signed without a murmur. Her unique payment in full now, when repudiation jof fpmmtses to pay has become almost a ashion, has in it the makings of a proverb.” It is assumed by the New York Her- old Tribune that “Finland could have found just as many and as gocd excuses for default as most of the other debtors, had she been gaited that way,” while the Boise Idahoan Statesman remarks: “How easy it would have been for Fin- land to argue that her battle against the Reds was fought in behalf of the whole world; that her victory prevented the spread of the Red menace to our shores, and she shouldn’t have to pay.” The Boise paper records of the struggle in 1919: “It seemed inevitable that the Reds would gain control, but such a brave, heroic fight was put up that fate —or what seemed to be fate at the time —was thwarted. But when the figh was over Finland was exhausted both economically and financially. Her popu- lace was ragged and hungry, her com- mercial trade was gone. She appealed to America for aid and Congress ex- tended credit for foodstuffs and grain. The debt incurred on this account amounted to a trifie more than eight million dollars.” The San Antonio Express finds an interesting angle in the case of Lithu- | 882 ania, one of the neighbors of Finland, which made no payment on the $132,073 due in June. Referring to an estimate that “former Lithuanians residing in this country send about twb million dol- lars a year to their homeland, either to relatives or for investment,” the Ex- press suggests: “That fact alone should influence the Kovno government to maintain its credit at Washington.” “Somebody ought to inform the Finns,” comments the Columbia (8. C.) Record, “that it is no longer fashionable be paying old debts, ing harder than the borrowing. Fin- land’s solitary example may arouse dis- cussion. It may even cause United States Senators to consider what the effect uj the of banks would TP G thel to the Pinns with the statement that they are roug o Scandinavian nations, Norway, Sweden and Denmark,” states the Louisville Courier-Journal, “are not under financial obligation to the United States, and it is generally recognized t their economic situation is superior to that of any European country. Such a condition cannot be based entirely on luck. In Finland, as well as in the other Scandinavian countries, good government has helped to keep unem- ployment at 8 relatively low figure and to preserve the national credit in the face of falling markets.” Yes and No. Prom the Hartford Daily Times. In his final formal statement to ity Senate Investigating Committes & R Morgan stated that his firm’s Mst of private subscribers who were given op= portunity o obtain stock at less than the publicly quoted price represented men of affairs who were selected be- cause of business and personal relations “and not because of any actual or po- tential political relations.” He eon- tinued: “‘We have never had occasion to ask for favors from legislatures or persons in public office, nor have we ever done so. We conduct our business through ?u means or measures of ‘influence’ or avor.” That statement has an important bearing on the vital question whether there is a “quid pro quo” in the special opportunities which are afforded public men by the Morgan stock-subscribing plan. The word of Mr. Morgan might be accepted more easily as final if the ramifications of the Morgan firm were not so far-flung. There went into the file of the committee, for future use, an analysis showing that the Morgan part- ners are represented as directors on the boards of eighty-nine organizations, in- cluding fifteen banks, seven unclassified holding companies, ten rallroads, five utility holding companies, eight utility t | operating companies, six insurance com- panies and thirty-eight industrial firms. ‘While it may be true that, organized a8 partners in the private banking firm of J. P. Morgan & Co., these twenty men do not seek legislative favors, it is ob- vious that as directors on utility, bank- ing, insurance and industrial companies, same men must be very much in- terested in laws and governmental regu- lations., In these connections the Mor- partners have contracts which must inevitably cultivate and reflect the spirit of team-work. As co-directors they resist governmental interference. ‘To make such “foresight” effective, con- tact must be had with those who make the laws. In other words, the whole case is not stated when it is said that organized in one form a group of men have nothing to do with legislative favors. When organized in scores of other forms these same men are very much concerned with legislative regula- tions. The thought persists that some- how, somewhere, there is a “quid quo,” reaching into public service, be- hind these preferred subscriber lists of the Morgan firm. More light may be shed on that situation as the Senate committee further dissects the far-flung connections of Morgan directorships and ir | Morgan financing. ———— Proper. e [ Prom the Albuquerque Journal. goods, | hay, which some persons believe is a) propriate & for a grass widow. Manhattan’s Financier. t ! Prom the Boston Evening Transcript. Mayor O'Brien of New York is show- mhmmn is thinking up taxes that nol will pay. The P. M., G.’s Mail. Prom the Rochester Times-Union. Even if more and better post caru.