Evening Star Newspaper, June 3, 1933, Page 4

THE EVENING STAR With Sunilay Morning Editior. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY........June 8, 1933 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor Rale by Carrier Within the City. e Evening Star 45¢ per month Evening and (when 4 Sundays)... 60c per month Evening and Sunday Star o 5 65c per month Sundays)... The Sunday Btar. 5c per copy Collection made ach month. ders may be sent in by mail or telephone Ational Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. d Sunday....1yr,$10.00: 1mo., 85c | Belly any Sunde 1yr. $6.00; 1mo. 50c | Bunday only . 1yr. $4.00: 1mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday...1yr., $12.00; 1mo., $1.00 1yr. $800: 1 Daily only . mo’, 18¢ Sunday only . 1yr., $5.00; imo. B0c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news | published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. — ural line, but Dr. Lowery does not ap- pear to be aware of them. Perhaps he would ceplore such harmony betweer. fathers and sons, mothers and daugh- ters, mature minds and minds not yet land to be “let alone,” he presumably is critical of those individual cases in which the family ‘“finity” is inclusive of mutual liberality and tolerance, mu- tual enthusiasm, mutual helpfulness. He cannot have it both ways. If the children are isolated, each group in the family will develop its own concerns, its own flelds of enterprise, move ever further and further apart until there r.o longer will be any “unity” except the purely nominal one of a common resi- | dence. 5 Vatis evidence that plane making is progress- ing along practical lines. The “robot” feature is likewise im- portant, inasmuch as it demonstrates the feasibility of relieving thé pilot of mature. If he wishes the youth of tha/ the strain of .continuous attention to the mechanical performance of the plane, Other tests must, of course, be made, to demonstrate positively the Tellability of this method of plane man- agement. If they verify the “robot” as an efficient, dependable supplement the range of the plane for non-stop service is undoubtedly extended greatly. Plane accidents continue to demon- strate that machines and pilots are still subject to errors and fatlure. They do not, however, retard the development of | the air service, but rather do they tend It seems that Dr. Lowery has set himself against a tendency which many had hoped might have the approval little in common in play.” That judg- | ment is a wet blanket for the aspira- mothers who, somehow, have believed | that, separxtea by different kinds of | hobbies, the same avocations. But | should his verdict be accepted? f Before the vote 18 taken, It this story 8. S. Trade Embargo. Lendon Conference is President Roosevelt's representatives are | approaching destination sboard a ves- sl which happens to bear his OWN | him an opportunity he otherwise could | Academy have the satisfaction of know- name, the good American-flag mer- | chantman President Roosevelt, a ship, | with a fine service record, including | some stirring Tescues at sea under the | intrepid Capt. George H. Fried. But, according to modern oceanic standards, 8. S. Roosevelt is a second-rate ship | and not to be compared to any of & dozen or more transatlantic liners fiy- ing European flags. Why was such & | craft. chosen to carry the Economic | Conference delegates to England at a | leisurely seventeen or eighteen knots? Thereby hangs a tale and a timely one. The delegation might have left | New York the same week on a swift, modern English or German ship, gained | scveral days' valuable pre-conference | time in London and traveled not only more speedily, but more comfortably. Probably the cost would have been | more than passage on the Roosevelt. Messrs. Hull, Pittman and’ their| brigade of experts and advisers were | “booked” on the only American-flag | ship available in time to land them in London by June 12 because an act of Congress requires officials traveling on | Government business to use American | ghips. If they use any other, they must @o so at their own expense. The law, | in other words, places an embargo on trade with a foreign navigation com- | pany. | The London Conference is being held to do away with artificial and nrbnnry} trade embargoes among the nations. It cannot abrogate the embargo the United | States Congress has imposed on !oreu'n; shippirg where American official travel | is concerned, but the conference's gen- | eral obliteratioRt of trade embargoes, if | such there is to be, might well lead to| the repeal of the law which condemned our London delegates to proceed upon | their mission under less attractive con-| ditions than would otherwise be possible. It is, of course, not their comfort or discomfort which is the important thing. The issue is this: Nations which owe | other nations money can pay in only one of two ways—goods or services. Services mainly include, in the case of European obligations to us, the services that can be rendered by ocean carriers. Secretary Hull ardently aspires to lift | the embargoes which restrict the flow of | goods. He would bs on consistent| ground in proposing that the United States on its part s prepared to lift the embargo it now enforces against services., Perhaps his leisurely crossing on & ship that might appropriately fly & pennant emblazoned , “S. S. Embargo, U. 8. A,” will move him to consider the sanity of such a recoyrse, pending at least the time when our own merchant marine boests an adequate fleet of first- elass liners. e r————————— | Senator Glass properly demands more | dignity in the financial investigation. It is not easy to concentrate on sta- tistics when an element of comedy be- comes too prominent. e r——— Let Them Alone? - Dr. Lawson G. Lowery, who “has had | 8 lot of experience with children” and | who now is director of the Child Guid- ance Institute, New York, wants the adults of the land to “let thei: children alone” In a paper read beforc the| American Psychiatric Association, he | suggested that there is no merit in the | notion that a father or mother may be | a “pal” to a boy or girl. The thought | stings. Therefore, its author must not | object if it is examined with special | care. The challenge in it is too obvious | to pass without comment. All such generalities—and they are mlny~ln‘ potentially too dangerous to be ignored. | Popular thought about children already is confused by the propaganda cam- | paigns of faddists, and this may be an- | other exhibition of the same sort of | quackery. The first test to be applied in the | eircumstances is that of the question: | Is it desirable that there should be no bond of close personal interest between parents and their offspring? Time was when the answer would have been: | Yes. By a curious perversion of the medieval concept of man's function in the world it was customary until com- paratively recently for fathers and mothers to commit to others the care and education of their progeny. Out of that system grew abuses too horri- ble to remember. The reaction fur- nished the foundation for the great public school system, whereby parents did not lose contact with their sons and daughters. Dr. Lowery's pronounce- ment is a reversion to the ideclogy of several centuries ago. “Let the chil- dren alone” means to adopt toward them the philosophy of the period of Dotheboys Hall. At least, that is its effect. And history demonstrates the perils of such neglect. But Dr. Lowery concedes that “therc shouid be a unity of interest in the family.” Therefore, the second ques- tion may be: “How can such a ‘unity’ | |it. land Navy of the United States. Of be told: There once was a man who, | forty ycers he sat in & wheel chair, a | pensioned veteran. His invalidism gave not have had. He read himself into such scholarship as few men can af- ford. No university ever had the wit to grant him a degree; no college ever honored itself by honoring him. No one, particularly, ever thought of him | as an educator. But out of the treasury | | of his deep and ardent knowledge he |Patronage list should lessen the prob- drew the materials for the gratuitou instruction of all the children of the | neighborhood. Astronomy, physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, botany, | geology, every phase of human science | and human history he gave for the| privilege of giving. A born teacher, he | developed in his young friends an en- | thusiasm for learning, and to his dying | day he catered to that thirst with a joy that was an inspiration $o behold. Bless his memory, he did not “let the | children ajone.” He was too wise to! make any such mistake, and too gen- | erous to imagine' that any one else| could make it. ————. The Great Kit Controversy. Grim and hardened veterans of thei Government service, who know what it is to face the withering fire of a Mc- Carl ruling, are doubtless enjoying in- tense, if malicious, satisfaction over the ramfications of the Great Kit Contro- versy. For here are exemplified all the snarls and knots in which becomes en- tangled the innocent soul who would blithely cut the Government's red tape and try to get away with it. The re- sulting difficulties are, in addition, ex- cellent {llustrations of why there is such a thing as Government red tape and why that much-abused material often becomes a necessary protective element to prevent clever salesmen from hornswoggling trusting officials into | silly deals. ‘The Senate Committee is doing the right thing in getting at the bottom of For, while the sincere desire of Mr. Fechner and all his associates to give the Conservation Army a toilet kit that its members would really be proud to show their grandchildren is a highly laudable thing, repetitions of this form of zealous generosity are apt to | prove expensive and burdensome to the | taxpayers. The camp for women, soon to be instituted at Bear Mountain, New York, must doubtless be supplied with vanity cases and other such ac- couterments in the near future, and it would be well to establish in the very | beginning the system by which such | purchases are to be made. There also | enters the interesting question of the | degree by which equipment for the Con- servation and allied armies is to exceed i in general excellence. the regular equip- | ment furnished to the Regular Army | course the Regular Army and the Navy are more or less outworn and antiquated establishments, and do not deserve a great deal of consideration, and it should bg' obvious to anybody that s tube of shaving cream handed out to a mere soldier in the Regular Army would never do for a member of the Conservation Corps. But, after the es- tablishment of adequate standards of shaving cream, tooth paste, razors, soap, tooth brushes, hair brushes, combs, etc., for the use by the Conservation Corps, the various assemblers in kit form of such articles should be given | an opportunity to bid. ! The events leading up to the tragedy | @f the kit bags scem to have been that Mr. Fechner was worried over a possible lack of authority to do the right thing at the right time by the Conservation Corps and Mr. Louis McHenry Howe advised hiri to the effeet that: What's the use of worrying? It never was worth while; So, pack up your troubles in & Be Vier kit bag, And smile, smile, smile. Mr. Fechner and Mr. Howe now wish they could. o So much excitement is manifest con- cerning the vacation of Congress that it may be regarded as the result of a commotion to adjourn. Flight From Coast to Coast. Lieut. Comdr. Frank Hawks yester- day broke his own non-stop trans- continental flight record, flying from Los Angeles to New York in 13 hours and 28 minutes. This amazing speed was not, however, the most interesting feaiure of the performance. During the greater part of the way the plane was controlled by a “robot” pilot, & device that maintains the altitude and direc- tion of the plane without the immediate service of the pilot himself. It acted perfectly, Commander Hawks taking the controls only at the beginning and the ending of the flight. Faster speeds have been made in transcontinental flying, but with stops to improve it through the disclosure of faults that may be remedied. When a | plane falls it is usually because some- and co-operation of specialists of his | thing fails, the mechanism or the pilot. | class. He says, “Fifteen and fifty have | Every such failure should lead to cor- | rection of the error. Transcontinental flylig has been | tions of certain fathers and “"lm:uubushed as a regular service and| daily large numbers of pecple are being carried by air from coast to coast, work, as they necessarily must be, the | though not yet, in regular service, on| members of one family might at least | a non-stop basis. That such a service the other da; share the same pastimes, the same | will In time be maintained is not to be | 'Dear Sir: questioned. The new Hawks record of | thirteen and a half hours signifies that the time is near when it will be possihle ——— Graduates of the Annapolis Naval | ing they have acquired education and training which will be valuable in any | feld of endeavor, even if the world | should decide to eliminate the cost of | keeping quite so many battleships afloat. | Removing census workers from the lems of Postmaster General Farley, who will find at least one class of applicants | requiring no notice that “the buck” has | been definitely passed. r—.e—s—— i Reluctance about a world policy of | disarmament sincere and complete must cause doubt as to whether the saying, “a burnt child dreads the fire,” is not | merely one of those polite proverbs that | always work out. At this time, when notices of income tax are arriving, a great many citizens | naturally wonder whether there may not be something in that sales. tax | idea, after all. . ‘There is no great haste demanded for the return of the Insulls. Even the | public finds a vacation welcome after | so long a study of financial complexi- ties. B — Speculators have resumed their eager- ness undeterred by envy of those who | merely opened an office and allowed | the mail man to shove the profits under the door. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Handsome Stranger. | We think we know just where we are | In all our patriot glory. Some diplomat comes from afar And tells another story. Of course we love our old-time friends. Amid youth's song and laughter ‘We pledge devotion that extends Into the far hereafter. Their pictures, cherished with great care, ‘We take them out and dust them; But in & serious affair ‘We hesitate to trust them. You scorn, when you are taken ill . The chap you knew at college. You'd rather buy a phoney pill From one of far less knowledge. The maiden flouts the small town set| And runs off with a drummer; She comes back as a Reno-ette Before the end of Summer. Oh, let us ponder on our way, 8o oft beset by danger, And heed the motto from the play, “Beware the handsome stranger, Deference to Custom. “What are you going to do this Summer?” | “I am going fishing,” answered Sen- ator Sorghum, “not that I care for the sport so much, but I like to indi- cate that in my pleasures I respect the usual custom of statesmanship.” Jud Tunkins says he once saw a| miorophone, and its facial expression | reminded him of that of his folks when | “lstening in.” 3 Common Humanity. ‘We sometimes mention the mistakes Which a respected person makes; No malice leads us so to do, We like to think he's human, too. Refusal to Worry. | “Which do you prefer, an income tax or a sales tax?” “I have mo choice” answered Miss| Cayenne, “I see no ‘v-y of escaping | either.” | “It is always freedom that men fight | for,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “sometimes to retain their own and sometimes to absorb that of others.” Press Agentry. John Ringling, you're a mighty man, Your mergers are immense, You followed P. T. Barnum's plan With methods all intense. And where grave Senators debate On things they want to know You had a midget crash the gate And simply “stole the show.” “Dat old story 'bout de hare an’ de tortoise,” said Uncle Eben, “has fooled a lot o' people. Every loafer imagines he's de tortoise.” ———e—t K Language Reform. From the Rochester Times-Union. A bonus army leader berates his fol- lowers as “copycats,” but if army lsn- guage has declined to that low estate what a Jong way we have traveled from the hard-boiled syntax of 15 years ago. i Happiness. From the Mobile Reister. “Only the poor are happy,” laments a for refueling. Last August Capt. James Halzlip crossed the country on that basis in 10 hours and 19 minutes, that ‘be maintained if the children are ‘let alone’?” The phrase implies a divi- sion of interest. It signifies a barrier between the older and the younger tions. Example. are numerous : o g being the present record for such a performance. The significance of the Hawks flight is that s machine has been developed capabic of continuous progress at high speed, without landing for replenishment. It is s gratifying poscdowcre willing o swab behk ‘ae: we' swap bank ac- mnh:.mmmmamnmumm a wl 3 Tardy. . NING STAR. WASHINGTON. That remarkable woman, Helen Kel- |ler, in an introduction to & new edition of one of Emmanuel Swedenborg's books, says something to the effect that one must be patient in reading it. With little patience at first, she says, its ood points will appear. ‘This astute observation by this splen- |did human being might be applied to @ great many more books by a great many more authors, old and new, with great benefit to those who applied it. Perhaps too many readers want easy | reading, nowadays, when all the time | what they should have is good reading, reading which is good for them, even if “diffizult.” We like sugar coatings in everything. We, as readers, tend to shy from the bt)filé which is not “easy,” but which is hard. E A ‘We need discipline. There are some who:think that the world needs discipline more today than ever in its history. Perhaps we might D. C. SATURDAY. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ter how bright, to secure the real gains of intelligence, if he sticks to the “wise- cracking” writers forever and a day. He must branch out, delve in new fields, or at least new to him, because few men are in the class of the poet who sald that he “was large,” that he “contained multitudes.” Such readers as we have described, however, by no means constitute all those who have succumbed to the really dire influence of the so-called smart-alec writer, the writer who is afraid to be serious in & serious world. * There are thousands upon of serfous readers who, although they see through the fallacy of such laugh- ing treatments of all subjects, serious or light, nevertheless have been so ac- customed to reading such writings that they tend to find “serious stuff” ter- ribly difficult to b: l‘ol :hrmxh with. * It is right at this point that one must be patient and must depend, in part, on that discipline which by to help as well begin with our books and other | sooths | | reading. ‘This word was popped into oug head y by the following letter: Your very excellent and illuminating article recently anent the choice tit-bit of merit one may expect |to find In the reading of some particular book, brought to the mind of the writer ' from for passengers to be borne over "“1; %sn[xuph he had extracted ‘The United States’ delegation to the | by the whim of fate, had his feet shot | entire span of the States without halt, in midocean. | away in the battle of Antietam. For within daylight hours. .'S. M. Hutchinson's novel, ‘The Un- certain Trumpet,’ and which had im- pressed him deeply apropos of this large and vexed question of ‘modern vouth’ so much under discussion in the present day. reverend and venerable patriarch of the church and smongst the people, Writ- ing to the young priest David and touching on these many problems, says: ““Ha! You are telling me, you crabbed old David, that we, 100, also at one no background, but never were such as these We, too, were young fools, but we were disciplined young fools. The rod was not spared and the child was not spoiled. The tracés were Kkicked at, kicked over, but the bit and the bridle steadied the young colt before he kicked himself to death. Today, the colt runs wild." “I cannot think of anything I have read that explains, this matter so clearly, so lucidly, in such few words. If modern parents must say that youth must be excused, that youth has no background, then here is a rider, a ualification, and a pungent hint for the well-meaning muddle of their minds. Yours sincerely, J. W.” * X X % no_less mighty for good. ‘There are scores of books we all should read, but never do, principally, if the truth were known, because they require ‘00 much hard mental effort. Some readers, and by no means few in number, have become accustomed to the continuous effort to be bright, clever, and so on. This type of writing is achieved by a certain sort of mentality, which glories in saying the smart thing, whether it is right or not. The smartness thereof is all that counts, with them, and it is all that counts with those readers who prefer this type of writing. * * ok % ‘With their preference there can be no quarrel, in the main. The best in books comes to him who reads what he wants to read. There necessarily must be qualifications, however. It is impossible for any ope, no mat- “In the story, Father Absolute, thel time in the days of our youth had| Old David, we had discipline. | In the realm of books, discipline is; e. Patience s necessary, because often the continuance in good comes about only as the result of will power. Now, will er, ‘no matter what the theologians may say about it, is discipline in action. It means, viewed from the stand- point of the reader, that he will have the patience to go through with a book he has begun, once his mind has de- termined that the volume in question is worthwhile, A He must be willing to be bored, per- haps terribly, for » time, in order to prove to himself t&' * thousands of the readers of the world, who have read and praised ?::t be{ore, are really right in their gment. u’l'hla long book the reader holds in his hand, whichever one of a large number it might be, is evidently good for something. He would not be hold- ing it unless it were. He 1is going to ;\nd o:\t what. * Xk Such is the attitud: of the patient reader, the man or woman who knows that everything which is good is not easy. Perhaps never before in the history of the world—a most solemn thought— have there ever been printed so many and large books demanding the appli- cation of the best brains the reader possesses. Any one who has paid the htest attention to the volumes on lomics | alone which have poured from the presses of the great metropolitan cen- ters of the world during the past three years knows beyond the need of further argument the vast necessity for patience in tackling them. Many of these books are upon topics about which the average person knows woefully little, or even nothing, to be quite frank about it. | know what money is, and how it “got that way,” is quite another thing. He who would read some of the bet- ter of these books on current economic trends must have vast patience, a pa- tience which is builded squarely on the good discipline of the mind. If the reader is patient, if he is in not too great a hurry to throw up his mental hands before what at first strikes him as an impossibility, he may in time (say.300 pages!) begin to find real good in the perusal. Reading patience is what is required. , as readers, have forgotten our discipline, and its necessary pa- | tience, let us try to remember them while there is yet time. God welcomes ownli’y those who overcometh, we are |1t Among the disclosures of interest in the J. P. Morgan testimony before a committee of Congress the most im- pressive to the public is the failure of to pay income taxes in part of the period of the depression. General sentiment is in favor of charging this to defects in the income tax pro- visions. Modification or substitution of the sales levy is favored. Some point out that the practice relating to capi- tal gains and losses falls in & period of depression. The list of prominent men who received favors from the firm in stock purchases raises the question whether men in public life should be identified with such transactions. “From the very beginning our in- come tax law was theoretically wrong; today it has proved to be in practice a huge blunder,” thinks the New York Times, while the Altoona Mirror be- lieves that “Congress is in a temper to plug up a few loopholes in_the income tax laws,” and the New York Herald-Tribune, favoring the sales tax, advises that “the sooner Congress realizes that it has been relying upon a dangerous, unjust and unreliable tax the better.” The Cleveland News avers that “the law is spotted and streak>d and probably needs revision.” The Texarkana Gazette suggests that “no one need get angry with Morgan; apparently he did just what the law allows him to do.” “The capital gains provision of the income tax law,” according to the Cin cinnati Times-Star, “netted huge r turns in the big years, but the cor- responding provision for losses has partially crippled the law in the lean years” That paper adds as to the matter of investments: “That the men in public life whose names were on Morgan’s list were expected to pay for the privilege in political favors is prob- ably far from the fact.” The In- dianapolis News believes that, taking the lean years with the good over & period long enough to provide a test under average conditions, it is probable that the Government fared well.” The Charlotte Observer predicts & “revamp- ing of the law,” while the Youngstown capital gains and elimipating the pro- vision for deduction of capjtal losses.” The Boise Idaho Statesman agrees that “the law should be revised, if it is shown to be unfair” The Omaha ‘World-Herald would leave capital losses and gains alike out of the law.” The Chicago Daily News sees no ground for legitimate criticism, while the Cleve- land Plain Dealer avers that “not for long will the country tolerate the kind of practice which Morgan declares he followed in relation to his income taxes.” The Danbury News-Times ob- serves that “the last straw was laid upon the congressional back,” but the Chicago Journal of Commerce advises: “Let all the cards be placed on_ the table and then let the judgment be a true one, based on facts, not senti- ment.” The Nashville Banner con- cludes that “wealth has not been pay- ing its way, but it will do so in the future.” “Whether gains and losses should be treated as they have been by Congress has been a disputed question,” say the ‘Topeka Daily Capital, suggesting that “jt takes roaring prosperity to make the American system pay the Treasury better than the English.” The Miami Daily News declares: “When stocks were soaring in new era days we were taxing the profits, if they were sold, from the rise. If we tax the profits on the rise, is there any right to complain if there is a corresponding remission of taxes when there is a fall?” On the subject of stock purchases, the Rochester Times-Union thinks that “if tips work miracles among waiters, they probably accomplish things also among big business men.” The Newark Eve- ning News holds that “favoritism like this will strengthen the demand for more and stricter government si - sion of banking and finance,” although it is convinced that “In the long run, althou inesca From the Indianapalis News. Al Capone is being credited with f s prison riot, but it is by his - “When Mr. Morgan's firmn.” states the the partners in the firm of bankers | Vindicator suggests “taking the tax off | Testimony in Mofgan Case Brings Out Tax-Law Defect San Francisco Chronicle, “Is the habit- (ual channel through which foreign securities reach the American market, {and when, finally, he distributes private favors to public men, at the very time Wwhen the public activities of his in- stitution are necessarily interrelated with the public activities of the depart- | ments of government over which some | of these men preside—when a ‘private’ | institution can do all of these things and must do some of them, it is no longer ‘private.’ ” relation to public officials, to be “on dangerous ground.” by.the Gary Post- | Tribune, “not ethical,” by the Lexington | Leader, likely to produce new laws, by the Rutland Herald, likely to lead to measures producing “much good for the vast majority of people,” by the Peoria Istnr, and in the judgment of the As- | bury Park Press, to have shown that “the Morgan firm in many respects is jmore powerful than the Government.” | .. “Reliability and dependabllity of the ‘Hou;e of Morgan” is found by the Fort | Worth Star-Telegram to have been | demonstrated, “or there would have | been none to believe its proffers and |promises.” The Charleston Evening | Post points out that “there is a place iln the banking scheme for the private banker and there have been times in American history when private banking | firms such as those now under investi- gation have virtually saved the Ameri- can Government's credit from destruc- tion and saved the Nation's banking structure from collapse when the com- mercial banks were powerless.” Belief that the investments were pure | business transactions is voiced by the Minneapolis Tribune and the Des Moines Tribune, while the Salt Lake Deseret News, holding that the trans- actions were according to custom of investment houses, adds that “it may be contrary to public policy.” The Phila- delphia Evening Bulletin denies that it is a crime, but contends that “a par- ticular and especial responsibility should rest upon men in legislative and admini- strative public office, or in juiicial posi- tions, to keep themselves free from any and all obligations that might, by any means, affect their public service.” - Dr. Zook’s Appointment. Prom the Akron Beacon Journal. President Roosevelt's appointment of Dr. George F. Zook, head of the Uni- versity of Akron, as United States Com- missioner of Education, has the merit of putting the right man in the right man in the right place. While Akron will regret to lose the | services of Dr. Zook, whose leadership has advanced the University of Akron to high standing among American schools, its own confidence in him is approved by the promotion he has won and the opportunity it gives him to promote the cause of general education. In November, 1931, the Beacon Jour- nal had occasion to praise Dr. Zook for the fine position he took against cen- tralizing the control of American public schools in a Federal bureaucracy. In that year the National Advisory Com- mittee on Education made a lengthy re- port recommending the creation of the Department of Education of the United States, with its secretary a member of the President’s cabinet. As a member of the committee Dr. Zook objected to the establishment of such bureaucracy. He made a strong plea for local autonomy in educational matters. At the same time he advocated the abandonment both of Federal ap- propriations to the States for special forms of education of interest only to special req that Federal appropriations "be_matc] by the States. In these days when centralization of authority at Washington seems to be the rule the education field needs the services of a man who had the courage to resist the practice when it was in its formative stages. —————— All Set. Prom the Boston Transcript. There is ition to the which nnu‘:p R right in the all the other taxes. sales class To spend money is one thing, but to . | The stock practice is declared, in its | JUNE 3. 1933. | THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. TAPESTRY: THE MIRROR OF CIV- h‘.“" York: Oxford University The travel and study of tapestries ‘which prepared for this delightful work must have given the greatest pleasure to the author, a writer and lecturer and wife of Dr. Arthur Upham Pope, inter- national authority on Persia. To study history through the quaint figures, the | delicate colors and the intricate weav- | ing of old tapestries is quite another ds | matter from studying it. through the pages of a book, perhaps less informa- tive, but more esthetic. Most of the tapestries studied are European, but| there are some Persian, Chinese and | ald in visualization. The art of tap: estry weaving began in the third mil. lenjum B.C. In each century it has recorded, not the whole history of | course, but significant characteristics | and important events of the life of the | and | period. Social and economic condi- tions, amusements, methods. of dress, class distinctions, types of warfare, re- ligious observances, are all revealed by tapestries. For example, Coptic tap- estry, of Egypt from the third to the ninth century AD., reflects the slow degeneration of the Alexandrian civili- zation. The medieval struggle be- tween church and state inspired many tapestry pictures, one of the most }‘:gl’gun of which is the carpet of Qued- Tg. The Bayeux tapestry, the study of which filled an always to be remem- bered morning for me, is not really a | tapestry at all, but an embroidery, sup- | posed by some critics to be the work of | Queen Mathilde, wife of William the Conqueror. It depicts in colored wools on linen, now brown with age, scenes of the conquest of England by William. | The English all have mustaches and | the Normans none. Dr. Ackerman also finds in it & drama with an ethical motive, the basis of the Norman state— the sanctity of the oath. The place of women in the Middle Ages as tap- estry weavers, the chief tapestry shops | which " developed, and all the most famous tapestry sets of different peri- |ods are described. Each country has | expressed its own personality through its tapestries. Beauvais and Fontaine- bleu were famous for their looms and the brilliant period of Henry VIII of Engiand, Prancois I of Prance and Charles V cf Austria and Spain pro- duced some of the finest tapestries. So | both places and individuals are inter- | estingly involved in the production of | tapestries. Much attention is of | course given to the fine Flemish tap- | estries of the Middle Ages, some of the | most_intricate in design. The chapter on the “Tapestry of Ancient Peru” is & systematic account of a textile art | which has been the subject of much in- | terest in recent years. For the modern | tapestries of Willlam Morris and his factory at Merton Abbey, Dr. Ackerman s no admiration and much sarcasm. |EARLY STEPS IN HUMAN PROG- RESS. By Harold J. Peake, M. A., F. S. A, Philadelphia: J. B. Lip- pincott Co. Archeology tells us much about the | early infancy and childhood of the hu- | man race, but there is still room for | guessing. “Curlosity,” says Mr. Peake, -is an attribute of the human race.” That is why men keep probing into the secrets of Nature, however poor the return may sometimes be. In this vol- ume Mr. Peake, former president of the Royal Anthropological Institute, at- | tempts, from the results of modern dis- | coveries, to give a summary of the slow progress of mankind, from the Neander- thal man to the most finished type of statesman, or author, or scientist in our present-day civilization. lution of man is studied by archeolo- gists through the evolution of his meth- ods of lving, his shelters, his food, his tools and weapons, his use of fire, his means of transportation. Primitive manr is found to have had his farm problem, his transportation - problem and his industrial problem. The early chapters tell of the ancient types of man and compare these types with ex- ‘mmz races today. The steps in the evolution of the art of living are then followed—the earliest tools, the discov- |ery of fire, the beginnings of art, the taming of animals, the growing of grain, the making of baskets, pottery, leather garments, textiles, the earliest agricultural implements and mills, the evolution of the house, the different means of land and water transporta- tion, the first working of metals, the invention of writing, the beginning of trade and the first forging of iron. “Early Steps in Human Progress” is as interesting as it is authoritative. THE FRANCIS PRESTON BLAIR FAM- ILY IN POLITICS. 2 Vols. By Wil- liam Ernest Smith, Ph.D. New York: _The Macmillan Co. ‘The Adams family has been pro- claimed by many historians the most famous family in American history, and James Truslow Adams has recently found in the different Adamses material | for several very interesting books. | many of the Adams family were writers | that the tasks of their various biograph- ers have been made easy in the matter of first-hand documentary evidence. The Blair family, we are tald by the author | of this book about them, professor of | American history at Miami University, | represents a “longer period of influence in American politics than any other family except the Adams family.” The | Blair ancestry may be traced back to the time of the feudal wars between England and Scotland. Six of the chil- dren of Samuel Blair migrated to Amer- ica from Ireland during the first half of the eighteenth century, part of the Scotch-Irish tide, and settled in Bucks County, Pa. Two of these children, Samuel and John Blair, became preach- ers. Before the close of the century the Blairs had migrated to Kentucky and in 1796 James Blair was attorney general of the State. Since then’the Blairs have been continuously distin- guished in public office and private en- terprise. Francis Preston Blair, son of the attorney general, was a conspicuous supporter of Andrew Jackson: The Blairs adhered to the Free Soil Party in 1848 and later were among the founders of the Republican Party. Montgomery Blair, Lincoln’s Postmaster General, re- organized the postal system, and Frank Blair was a general in the Union Army. | This history of the Blair family, which is accompanied by an extensive bibliog- raphy, is in effect a history of many years of the political life of the Unitec. States. In its preparation, the authcr has had access to the Blair manuseripts, not previously available to historians. FITY IS NOT ENOUGH. By Josephine Herbst. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. With a political background, Joseph- ine Herbst has combined a minimum of politics and & maximum of personal characterization. Joseph Trexler is a born adventurer, of the sort that may become a valuable pioneer or a racket- eering politiclan, largely according to chance. He leaves his mother’s home near Philadelphia and goes South in 1868, with the traditional carpetbag. His mother, having been the mainstay of her six children for many years, is not given to weeping, but she weeps with foreboding when he leaves. His career in the South is not of the most savory kind, but he is no worse than companions who have gone there with the same hopes and purposes, and it is something not to be too distin- guished in nototiety. before he leaves home he has | | pan! groups and of the practice of ‘Toward Peruvian. Forty-eight full-page plates | B. The evo- | S0 | men (including myself) on relief work. his | peyond all argument that the best of ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. fact. You can ask our Information Bureau any question of fact and get the answer back in a personal letter. into the lives of the most inteiligent people in the world—American news- | paper readers. It is a part of that best | is no charge except three cents in coin | or stamps for return postage. Do not ‘Evening Star Information Bureau. Fred- eric_J. Haskin, Dircctor, Washington, D.C. Q. Is the Government lending money to geoale who want to buy farms?— lending money to individuals to pur-| chase farms. Q. In free style swimming events, can a person use the side stroke?>—N. H. | A. He can if he chooses. In these events, the swimmer uses the stroke in which he is most proficient. Q. How can & lens be removed from | a celluloid spectacle frame?—J. P. W. A. The rim may be made pliable by heating gently in warm water. Op- tometrists have a specially constructed heater, generally electrically operated, for this purpose. Q. What is the highest honor that is | bestowed in England?—L. G. D. | A. The highest distinction in Great | Britain is the Most Noble Order of the | Garter, established by King Edward III ! in 1348. It is now limited to the sov- | ereign and such other descencants of George 1 as may be elected and to 25 Knights Companions; but sovereigns and princes of other countries, and extra+ Knights Companions may be admitted by special statutes. Q. Were the mounds built by Xndhnsi ocr sbycn different race of people?— A. Tt is now believed by the principal | American ethnologists that the Indians are descendants of the mound-builders. Q. How many churches are there in | New York City?—N. W. A. There are about 2,800. Q. When was the first Jersey cow registered in the United States?—G. D. A. Lily I was brought to the' United States and received her official designa- !tion as registered Jersey cow No. 1 in 1868. The one millionth Jersey cow in the United States has recently been | registered. At the present time there |are about 355,000 head of registered | Jersey cattle on farms. Q. Do branch post offices have gen- eral delivery?>—T. C. A. They do not. General delivery is handled at the main or city post office. Q. What was a quarter-staff?—A. G. A. It was a weapon used in England | |in hand-to-hand encounters. It was a stout wooden pole about 612 feet long. | Q. Please publish the Government | formula for aquarium cement?—W. J. B, A. In the manufacture and repair of its aquaria the Bureau of Fisheries has for many years successfully used a ce- ment composed of 5 parts of putty, 1 part red lead, and 1 part litharge, These ingredients are mixed to the proper con- ! sistency for glazing by the use of boiled linseed oil and a few drops of dryer. | A sufficient amount of lampblack is added to change the color from red to slate. After applying the cement, allow ONOLULU ADVERTISER. — An 8-hour day for members of | their profession in Honolulu will be voted upon by the nurses of the community at a meeting of the Honolulu Nurses’ Asso- ciation. Under the proposed plan private duty i nurses would receive $5 a day for an| 8-hour day. The present schedule is ' $6 a day, plus $1.50 for meals, for & 12- ir day. t is pointed out the rate change would not be a burden on patients needing 24-hour attendance, since the cost would be the same as.at the pres- ent rate, but that it would give thei nurses greater leisure. Patients need-i ing only 16-hour nursing service, it was also cited, would find the new schedule a saving. * ok ok X A‘l‘lflll 'm[‘-lll Urged for Jobless. ‘The Bulletin, Sydney.—To the Editor: Official N. S. Wales figures give 28,000 And not one of us a whit better off for receiving it, either as regards present conditions or hope of bettering our- selves in the future! No relief to the public exchequer; the same old unem- ployment tax; same old increase in the national debt. Theoretically %he unemployed should benefit by the moral uplift, bred of knowledge that they are working for their pittance instead of receiving it for nothing. Actually the forced work breeds a spirit of sullen discontent. What a difference if even a small | percentage of us had been assisted on | to small farms! Some at least would | now be on the road to indepenaence as | regards government help; certainly we | would be living on a better standard than the pitifully small-rationed wages allow. And the work, no matter how hard, would have the incentive that it leads somewhere, whereas present Telief workers will end up in a year—or in two or three years—with what they started on; nothing. KEND, * kX ok Shanghai Report Bares Abnormal Year. { North China Herald, Shanghal.—The brief but concise report of the Shanghai Municipal Council's Public Works De- | ‘partment moudestly conceals valuable | services rcadered by the trite remark ,that ine year 1932 was “not normal.” Such matters as barbed wire entangle- ments, perimeters and the like had to be included in the peaceful engineers’ philosophy. Serious public delinquencies are gently | exposed in the statement that 1,083 | notices had to be served on those re- | sponsible for infrin; of the municipal regulations and building rules and another batch of 821 notices on ingenious folk who tried to construct wm;g:t &e.r:m'i: lz all. It l; not l\fll'- ris the department asks for ll’nou staff to deal with this common failing. The need for expert and in- dependent supervision over bulldings is obviously insistent. The d ment’s | | | and to the cofpmunity as a whole, * K Ok % Role of Idiom Stressed In Foreign Languages. El Mercurio, Santiago.--It is a fact all methods of learning a foreign lan- guage is to live in the country where it is constantly used. This is especially true of the ability to speak a foreign language intelligibly. ‘This does not mean necessarily the acquirement of a language in its purity. Such academic knowledge is, perhaps, best obtained books, where the syntax and etog\c“no' on without defect or- h‘nfim thing. I'v to get’ there and look it over.” ':hx'?uthm lives. d David, Miss Herbst gives a otion pictures of phases of mmmmnfim; purpose of a newspaper—service. There | firgt that the Hawes-Cooper sistent with the public debatable whether, if our prison auther- ities were put to this test, they vigilance is a great asset to the council | make think about this| it to dry thoroughly before putting o ‘water in the aquarium. ‘Q‘.V’{hm was platinum discovered? It is & great educational idea introduced | ™" vl oy ionce was first made known by Antonio de Ulloa in 1736. When was the pari-mutuel system used In this country?—B. R. E. A. In 1908 the pari-mutuel system of betting was met exploited in Q. use postcards. Get the habit of asking | the United States, and in the Spring of questions. Address your letter to The | that year it was adopted in Kentucky. Q. How many of her poems were pub- | lished during the lifetime of Emily Dickinson?—M. L. D. A. Only four. Q. What is a good average for haul- A. The Government has no funds for | iP€ 8 load with Eskimo dogs?—C. B. W. A. A sledge team of five dogs can | travel 60 miles a cay with a heavy load for several days. Q. Did the prune industry start first in California or in the Eastern part of the United States?—N. A. A. It started in the East in 1854, but failed because climatic conditions were not favorable to the production of suit- able fruit. About 1863 the industry - started in California, where it grew rapidly. In 1929 the output was 284,- 000,000 pounds. Q How many Negroes have been graduated from colleges in the United States?—J. W. D. A. About 18,000. In 1931, 2,071 ceived degrees. Q. Who first wrote essays?—S. E. A. Unlike other literary forms, the essay was not the result of a long process of development. It was the in- vention of Montaigne in the sixteenth century, Q. How long did Alexander Selkirk, the prototype of Robinson Crusoe, live on an uninhabited island?—S. F. A. He lived four years on the Island . ncth “.Iunn Fernandez, off the coast of e, Q. How long will the Enrico Caruso memorial candle burn?—J. G. A. This is the largest candle in the world, It was made at a cost of $3,700. It is ed only one day a year—All Saints’ day, At this rate it will last 1,800 years. Q. What color is easiest on the eyes?—M. O. 3 A. The American investigators, Fer- Tee fi find, hn:em!:lmd that there was atigue of for light than for red, blu‘eyat.nd ;:‘e.‘:n' They also found that visual acuity apd speed of vision and, in fact, all the visual functions weré at their best un- der yellow light. Ruffer, a German in- vestigator, has found the same thing. He found that visual acuity and of vision are greater for yellow light than for green, red, white or blue. He * is of the opinion that blue and red lights are the colors most fatiguing to - the eye. 'Other German investigators have obtained the same results. TQ}-’ What is case-hardening?—C. A. The Bureau of Standards says that case-hardening is a process by - which carbon is caused to penetrate the article, giving rise to an outside portion high in carbon known as the case, the carbon content gradually toward the center. Q. Please describe the President’s flag—H. K. & A. The flag consists of the Presi- dent’s seal in bronze, upon a blue back- ground, with a large white star in each’ | corner. H_igh' Lights on the Wide quld Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lan something of their history, viewpoint and mentality in general. Students of foreign languages soon find that a term or expression in their own language is not convertible, word for word, or phn.seflfor phrase, into any ius_of one is acquainted intimately with the sentiments and habitude of an. exotic populaticn, it is impessible the neophyte tb use or comprehend. the col- loquialisms or even the most com- monplace interchanges of unfamiliar tongues. % There are cant and current terms in every language for the rapidly chang- ing experiences of the day. invention and discovery. In different countries Tms not identical, but follow rather the analogy of concept and derivation Er- taining to each nation and each lan- guage. Nothing is more absurd in literature or speech than the attempt to trans- late mechanically, word for word, with the aid of grammar and -exicon, an idea clothed, in one language into the - literal counterparts of another.™ There.. was the Englishman, for instance, who remonstrated with us when we told him that our mother was born “en medio siglo.” He insisted she could not be that old, but it turned out he thought we meant “in the middle ages,” while in reality we expressed merely the equivalent of “50 years ago.” Similarly, another once informed us that a certain friend's outlook was cynical .(“mira con malos ojos”), when he meant only that this person had poor eyesight. To ob- - tain fluency in any language, and above all the indispensable knowledge of its idiosyncrasies, one must make a prolonged stay in the land where it is spoken; and during this visit a collateral course of instruction in a competent institution. There is no other route to a useful proficiency in. an exotic tongue. The Hawes-Cooper Act. Prom the Birmingham Age-Herald, ‘The Springfield Republican concludes an editorial discussion of Alabama’s contest of the constitutionality of the Hawes-Cooper act with the following suggestion: “Usefully to employ vir- tually all -able-bod’ed prisoners is a problem whose difficulty varies in every State in accordance with such factors as the size of the available market for prison-made goods, the proportion of competent workmen and the resource- fulness of the prison authorities. The last-named element in-particular may well be thoroughly canvassed in each Ctate before commitment to the dictum ineon- I¢ is act is ‘welfare.”