Evening Star Newspaper, May 13, 1933, Page 6

A6 » THE EVENING STAR With Sundsy Morping Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY,......May 13, 1833 THEODORE W. NOYBS....Bditer e Evening Star Newspaper Company iness 11en_et. ‘aid_ Penaevivants. Ave. S, i e Carrier Within the City. th 45¢ per month 60c per month 65¢ per month Sc y tional 5000. Rate ‘Mall—Pa: Narsiand and Virgitia. ly and Sunday....1gr.$10.00; 1mo., 85¢c only .. ay only T, $6.00: 1 mo. 50c yr. $4.00; 1 mo.. All Other States and Canada. Sunday...] yr.. $13.00; 1 mo.. & l;y o.lll,l‘! 1gr., l§ 00: 1 mo. Jl! onl; I’ .00; 1 mo. " Member of the Associated Press. d Press is exclusively entitled b‘?fl’l Alll:em.i‘l.l.r"r!nurbhcnlon of all news dis- tches credited to it or not otherwise cred- in this paper and also the Jocal news blished herein. All rights of publication of ial dispatches herein are Riso reserv ble in Advabce & The New Farm Act. The new farm relief act, signed yes- $erday by the President, like Gaul in the days of Caesar, is divided into $hree parts. That part from which the measure takes its name gives the Pres- $dent and his Secretary of Agriculture wide powers over farm production and marketing. A second part of the meas- wre calls for the refinancing of billions of dollars of farm mortgages, in an| effort to halt farm foreclosures snd Feep the farmers in their homes. The | third part of the act deals with cur- gency inflation, the most far-reaching powere ever given a President in peace h'l:‘le first action of the President ing this important measure rhni:,\m a statement urging holders ot farm mortgages to refrain from bringing foreclosure proceedings until that section of the farm relief act which provides for refinancing these mort- gages can become effective. And fol- Jowing this request by the President, the sponsors of a national farm holiday—a strike by the farmers in an effort to starve the country into giving them what they want—announced that the strike set to begin at midnight had been called off. Some of the farmers’ organ- feations in the States have acquiesced, others insist that the strike is to go on, as in the case of the milk producers in ‘Wisconsin. The object of the farm relief sec- #on of the act is to bring farm prices back to the 1909-1914 level, so far as opasic” commodities are concerned. Shese basic commodities are defined a8 follows: Wheat, corn, cotton, oats, hogs, tobacco, rice and milk and milk jucts. The Secretary of Agriculture, $a sdministering this part of the act, iven broad powers to set quotas for tion and sale or to lease lands withdrawal from production, 80 &8 $o bring the production to the Hmits #t the demand for consumption. The post of the program is to be met by rs' taxes, levied on manufac- Swrers of products made from these products. It is an ambitious plan of control of production. With prices for garm products slready on the way up, the hope is expressed in many quarters that it will not be necessary to place all of these provisions of the new law n effect. Admittedly the plan is an experiment. ~The country has had l!.l| @l of costly experiment with farm surpluses in the past. What the President intends to do sbout the inflationary powers granted sn the farm act he has not yet dis- elosed. Under its terms he is suthor- #med to Increase by $3,000,000,000 the currency through operations of the Federal Reserve banks in Government securities, purchased in open market, and to increase it by still another $3,000,000,000 through issuing Treas- wry notes, “greenbacks.” He is em- powered also to reduce the gold con- tent of the dollar and to fix a ratio ‘etween gold and silver for the remone- $ization of silver. How far the Presi- dent intends to go with this inflation- ary power is & question which is agi- fating & lot of people. If prices con- #inue their advance; if business picks wp and employment returns, these powers are likely to be used sparingly| ©n the other hand, should the hoped- for advance not materialize or lag, then # may be expected that the adminis- tration will go the full route in the matter of “controlled inflation” to which it has committed itself. ————————— Ladles presented at court in London #re provided with convenient parking spaces, but will not be permitted to smoke while sitting in them. This onors a tradition established by Queen [Elizabeth herself, whose aversion to Sobaceo even the favorite Raleigh could ®ot conciliate. —_—e————— Bolivia and Paraguay preserve the formality of declaring war, but in all other respects it is as modernistic as sirplanes and the latest weapons can, mmake it. r————————— Looal Responsibility Remains. While the Federal Government, through the haif-billion-dollar relief Dill signed yesterday by the President, #s now committed to the policy of di- pect relief by direct money grants to the States and the District of Columbia, #dr. Roosevelt was quick to point out in his statement accompanying the signing of the measure that States and Jocal eommunities are not absolved of their responsibilities “to see that the necessi- &es of life are assured their citizens who are in destitute circumstances.” 1f & conception of such responsibility B lost, if the cities and the States mccept the offer of Federal aid as an offer to take over, lock, stock and bar- wel, the heavy burden of local relief, She result will be disastrous. The Fed- absolutely t the locality has done its \:‘t'::t‘gu.t that more must done, then the State must its Only then can Government add its contributions to those of the, States, ‘The work confronting the local com- munities is two-fold—first, the making available of sufficient public funds adequately to furnish the direct relief of citivens stricken by the effects of unemployment; second, the preserva- tion, through private contributions and division of responsibility, of the pri- vately financed forms of social work that have not been recognized as rep- resenting the of responsibility to be met by public funds. For the time being, the private agen- cles everywhere are threatened with extinction because their funds have been largely exhausted by the tremendous and increasing demands of the emer- gency, and because their supporting 4oc | contributors have in turn been hit by the depression. In Washington this has been shown to be particularly true. The Commissioners have been asked to take the lead in an effort to formulate a division of responsibility between pub- lic and private welfare work, to the | end that a program of co-ordinated effort, rather than of duplicated effort, can be adopted. Along with the work of directly ad- ministering to those stricken by unem- ployment, there must continue to be the supplementary efforts of private | welfare work in preserving and rebuild- ing morale, assisting in the difficult ad- justment of families to new conditions, alding those who are physically handi- capped. e Wetting the Powder. Cromwell said to his soldiers: “Trust in God, but keep your powder dry. His remark has gradually been extended in application until it is accepted as a warning to all rulers to maintain secure the foundations of national| defense. Napoleon said: “Morale is to the physical as four to one” Taken in connection with Cromwell's advice, it would seem that any action threaten- ing the morale of our defenders must be multiplied if we are to arrive at an accurate appreciation of the effect upon the national security. Following the World War our states. men and soldiers united in redrafting the national defense act so as to insure that unnecegsary waste of time, money and lives should be avolded in any future emergency. The General Staff Was organized to prepare the detailed plans; the Regular Army and National Guard were established at a strength permitting not only initial defense, but also efective supervision of training for, and execution of, mobilization; the Organized Reserves supplied the molds into which the man power of the Nation could be poured to form a great war army; the Reserve Officers Train- ing Corps was established in colleges to produce & continuing flow of young officers, thus avoiding the delay of from three to four months in {ralning camps; and the Citizens Military Train- ing Camps gave annually excellent training in mobilization and supplied a source of emergency non-commissioned officers. ‘The Army undertook its task with en- thusiasm and has carried it out with justifiable pride. The fact that the of- ficers of our uniformed services formed the only class of our citizens who were denied material benefit during our twelve years of prosperity did not abate their efforts, nor did the reduction of the Army to 43 per cent of its legal strength. The commissioned personnel was left at 70 per cent of its authorized strength—enough, though barely enough, to carry on. It i3 now proposed to reduce this trained commissioned personnel by three thousand or more. This means the scrapping of the basic principles of the national defense act. It does more, for it strikes at the very heart of our Army's morale. The Army has never failed the Na- tion or its leaders. It has been depend- able in eveyy emergency, national or international. It accepted, without complaint, cuts in pay and allowances reducing compensation to a considerably smaller figure than obtained twenty- five years ago. For our officers could still feel pi;lde in their positions—our leaders appreciated the importance of the Army’s work. The remark that “the Army cannot lose another officer or soldier” was accepted as the general opinion. And now, in a spirit of misguided economy, we are attacking the very foundation of this pride in service. ‘Those who are retained wiN undoubt- edly continue to be faithful, but with reduced confidence in themselves and their positions, for they will have seen 3,000 of their comrades, who have worked shoulder to shoulder with them, “furloughed” on half pay—possibly half of a reduced pay and perhaps a pay in inflated currency. And this at & time when even the most optimistic realize that the future of the world is very uncertain. Loyalty is a dual obligation. The senior owes to the subordinate the same degree of loyalty he receives. Is the Nation being loyal to its Army? And is it being loyal to those who, in suf- fering, built our country or to thosc who will inherit it? Are we keeping our powder dry? — e A tariff truce is as courageously con- templated as if it might not involve as many complexities of detail as would arise in the construction of & brand-new set of tariffs. —_—————————————— Senseless Haste. A story is told of & Japanese gentle- man visiting an American friend in New York City. It was arranged that they should meet at the downtown office of the American and have luncheon at his home uptown. They did meet, as planned, whereupon the host explained that “to save time” they would make the trip to his residence by subway. At & transfer station the American sud- denly jumped to his feet and hurried ‘eral Government cannot do it. It is & task beyond the almost miraculous abil- Rties already attributed, erroneously, to She Federal Government. Federal ald must be regarded as supplementing the best efforts of local communities, and a8 forthcoming only when the best efforts of the Btates and local com- munities have been put forward. As the President summarized it: The principle which I have on m: ieceasions eghln!d is that the fl is on the locality; if it is the Japanese to an express train across the plstform. “I thought,” sald the latter when he had somewhat recovered from his surprise at the panic change, “that the train we were in went to your station?” “Yes, it does,” replied the American, “but I saw that we could take the express and save & minute and o half.” The Japanese very simply in- quired, “And what are we going to do with that minute and a half?” ‘The question was abundantly legiti- mate. What, indeed, do people do with the fractions of time they save by their habit of rushing from one thing to another, one piace to ah- other? 1Is there any real demand for such speed? Careful students of traffic problems agree that it is dwngerous, physicians unite in deplering the ten- slon of which it 13 both's cause and an effect, and economists, hoting the waste of energy, money and matetials frequently involved, deprecate the ir- rationality of motive indicated in the circumstances. The fact’ appears to be that panic haste is ineficient. An old proverb puts the thought in cogent form, “The more haste, the less speed.” Granted that a leisurely attitude of mind on occasion may be an aggrava- tion, it nevertheless has & value which may be overlooked. Mountain guides in Switzerland have learned the neces- Mty of advising American visitors to save their strength in the first phases of their Alpiné endeavors, Rushing up the lower slopes results in inability to reach the peaks. “Go slowly, last long- er,” is the professional climbers’ ad- vice. Perhaps the same rule usefully might be applied to other leas plc- turesque employments. The people of the Orlent, on pil- grimage to the United States, invaria- bly are strick by the inconsistency of American aspiration to arrive at s given place as quickly as possible and then to do nothing worthwhile with the time saved by making a fetish of speed. The Japanese gentleman of the| . anecdote expressed the eommon opin- ion of his countrymen, of the East in general. But even when full advantage can be taken -6f minutes or hours shaved from normal schedules of travel, even When the time saved is| usefully spent, the question still re-| mains as to whether the strain and the risk of the rush is justified. Safety is worth its cost. The tragic accidents reported from day to day in the press all too often represent the costly fruit of senseless haste for 'hlch‘ there is no excuse. Certainly, progress is wanted and progress implies efféctive acceleration of pace, but mere panic fush is much more of & liability than ever an asset. v Morbid craving for notoriety is &/ tralt 30 highly developed in Gaston | B. Means that he should be an inter- esting study for the psychoanalyst. His monetary gains cannot be large, as he evidently had to.share any funds he | acquired, and the item of admiration, which i5 often an incentive, must be noted strictly on the red Ink pages of his life’s ledger. | ——————— Delinquencies in tax payment on bee | sales are easily checked up and can be collected without danger of creating the slightest wave of sympathy. That there should be any effort at all to evade the | tax points out ancther curious twist in human nature. ————————— Lindbergh has again found himself a hero in the eyes of the public with no intention of doing anything spectacular. He has revived painful memories with- out flinching for the sake of keeping square with his own ideals. ———r—————— - Large cities throughout the country are organizing drives against the under- world. Nobody will ever prove suffi- ciently tender-hearted to suggest & “be kind to racketeers” week. o ‘The stock market quotations are now put forward as representing values and not simply prices. The distinction proves an important one when carefully | considered. | —_— reee———— Gandhi insists on carrying on his fast, which becomes an endurance test rather than an argument entitled to be | considered on the sporting page &s well as in the political news. ——oe—. Reforestation will develop incidental work in road building, thus enabling young men who do not care for botany to experiment with geology. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Workless Days. Feelin’ kind o’ lazy When the skies are warm and blue, Waitin for the dalsy, ‘Which has nothin’ much to do. Wishin’ and a-sighin’ ‘To have my duties done Like the dandelion, Just by smilin’ at the sun. Cowbells softly tinkle Across the meadows green, Blossoms lightly sprinkle Their perfumes o'er the scene. I am glad this mighty Nation Shows a gentle willingness To provide some legislation To assist my lasiness. Only Incidental. “Do you pride yourself on your oratory?” “Not especlally,” sald Senator Sor- ghum. “Folities is something like & radio. In order to get an idea across one who shows them how to do it. ‘The Magic Tomorrow. We face the future with no dread, Though pleasures have been few. Tomorrow’s always just ahead, With hope that shines anew. Activity. “Is there much sctivity in real estate around here?” “I'll say there is,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “We've been averagin’ an earthquake to every six menths.” “The power to command,” sald HI Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “brings but little happines unless it shows hope and good faith with those who willingly obey.” Te An Absent Friend. We hope, Friend Einstein, you'll return And that you'll gently try To help us as we seek to learn ‘The mysteries of the sky. In spite of this great wave of erime, Which our ideal mars, We're thankful that we still have time Te talk about the stars. “Don’t walk de fioor when you's wor- ried,” sald Uncle Eben, “you simply wears out de carpet, wif no ehancs of meetin’ anybody who might offer you & Job THIS .AND THAT BY CHARLES K. TRACEWELL: Often he is & man who lives by brain, who solves problems &s eome up, delighting in the a of mind to difficulties, re; their proper settlement at last. But when it comes to the problem of sleep the whole man is Seemingly it never occurs to apply his mind to this, vestigate, to do research work, endeavor to find out if the thi been solved and, what is more point, if he, pe:wnully. can solve it. * * Ok ditions which may not ylel or more of these sublimely simple and natural remedies, man: find them highly efficacious. 0se who do not usually fail in the appli- cation of the thjrd remedy, to Wwit, relaxation. ‘This is easier to do than to describe, yet some seem never to get the hang of it, so perhaps it ought not to be called easy in any sense. Those Who master jt can put them- selves to sleep in no time; in fact, they do not knqw when they fall off, ow which 15 the only natural way. One never catches himself falling asleep. The actual point, if there is any, when consciousness leaves, is lost in unconsciousness. % %% Sleep is so common that we tend to forget that it is one of the most mysterious of all natural phenomena. Any one who has read the descriptions of it in medical and other works knows that more than a great deal is left to the imagination. The “explanations” of it explain little, at least to the lay mind which is not satisfied with symbols. ‘Whatever the mechanics of sieep may be, there can be little doubt that it is, generally speaking, the perfect opposite of activity. While certain inner proc- esses, during sleep, go on to the tune of even greater activity than during wake- fulness, as & broad, besic ition sleep is rest. Rest, of course, is relaxation. x % %% ‘The theory of relaxation for the pur- pose of securing sleep is based on noth- | ing more startling than the connection of certain physical centers with activity. An active human being commonly uses his hands and feet. He talks. He eats. He constantly turns his head from | side to side. He looks around him. He holds & book or a pen. * x * % The hands, the feet, the mouth and throat, the back of the neck, the eyes— these are perhaps the most important centers, as relates to consciousness and the lack of consciousness. These are the active physical factors, during consciousness, the average life, under ordinaty conditions. If sleep, for any reason, becomes diffi- cult to secure, & conscious relaxation of these centers will be the first step to- ul'nd the desired unoonsciousness called sleep. who try them 8gain to his ‘Th attention is diverted from it. This shows the influence ‘of habit. One is so accustomed to usi the mouth in talk that it is difficult to pre- vent the muscles which govern it from ke themselves in readiness to in- dul :.:konve:uuon. to keep in line. ing up the head, or up, that it refuses to bel fortune when ordered to % x “Btiff-necked” | mind to relax it begins to sink down, | down, into the pillow, but the moment | the attention is furned elsewhere it maps right back again. Thus the best Mne of mental action is from the Those not accustomed :"h‘ think that all this 1 | (32 cceed. This is & sort of day. daze, call it what one : whatever one calls it, it is distinctly something, and perfectly known to “T“{s !\;lery one. . t the essential prelude to sleep; the relaxation of the various mue::- | used centers is mostly to induce it | However one attains it (and some |claim it can be done by ‘“counting | sheep™) it is the open door. When the door closes, then you are fast asleep, and the faithful muscles can tighten up again all they please, | which they probably will do me- diately, to some extent, at least, but | it makes no difference then. High Lights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands ONOLULU ADVERTISER.— Once again we feel moved to offer a bouquet to Senator Willlam H. Hill for his per- sistent efforts to obtain a!and each time at the peril of their lives, but of we:tern Venezuela, is the place | “showdown” in the matter of regulation of our public utilities. He has exposed | a lamentable situation which should| with an insane fondness for danger, but | Sible from his home in Sandwich, Mass. not longer be tolerated. Apparently his disclosure will make it impossible for | the two members of the commission | whose names are now before the Senate | to obtain confirmation. For the best interests of all, the three | members of the Utilities Board should resign. They have demonstrated their lack of initiative to such an extent that their usefulness is at an end. It it highly regrettable that the members, excelient men personally, should have proved so futile in public service. ‘The sooner the present commission disap for ars from the scene, the better concerned. R Bits of W News Given by 3 ‘The Evening you know that— America’s 1932 fourteen thousand millions. miles—757 miles each way—every week to visit his family at Lossiemouth, , over y. ‘The Manchurian ore refiners snd makers are selling steel in New York at a dollar a ton under the Amer: A German service periodical states that PFrance has just completed the gun in the world. It is & 20.4- witzer on a rallway mounting feet long, weighs 265 tons, and can fire a 3,080-pound shell 11} miles. tel Somebody tells is half & dog high by a dog and & half m’fl:ere are Bushmen’s (Africa) paint- ings dated at least 8000 B.C. which bear a striking resemblance to those of & similar lod found in Bpain. e most important transact morning, was the final ratification the resolution a) g the dispensa- m: - mrm‘: this dj'm has: now proj pt-tl both bodies of the insular con- both sale and transporta aular provisions be with ernment. tions have been held nthu- Mntmvhmdlmm where bottles of vinegar and syrups have been mistaken z'm mmnm.o-mammt neither nm'dudm- ture celebra- beer el the celebran e Mo La Sulsse, Geneva.—We have Just the projects of the central gov- | received the following rather em- | barrassing letter: [ “Forty-five thousand taxpayers are | obliged to cross several times each day, the Place de Cornavin. They incur these risks not because they lreyimbufd because they must do so in the course of the lugubrious exigencies of their work. It is unfortunate that all of us | belonging to this devoted group, so | constantly exposed to risk and peril, do not know each other personally, that we might organize and gain a con- sideration which has never been award- ed us as individuals. It is a little too much that in the endeavor to make a meagre living we must daily fiirt with | dug:n “Since this grave jeopardy, then, obviously exists. and exists 56 unmeces: sarily, the only hope of these 45,000 taxpayers seems to me to be that one Post, Wellington.—Do 5 tax actually exceeded | PAYRIS, 111 Fourteen :nleyduu construction the order of the (“One Complaint in the N o ame of * %% Mexican Pyramid Stirs Archeologists. La Opinion, Santo Domingo.—There is in the Mexican state of Sonora, surrounded by lofty mountains ahd a vlntuh mm, & stone pyramid of which eac At the base measures 1,4 meters. (This collosal structure is zgg meters in altitude, & dimension which, in eonjunction with that first mention- ed, ishes it r being double in its ma; size and grandeur to the it pyramid of Cheops. It is possible mwount to the summit by a carriage road bullt in spiral ascent along the rf;\lr' Ll? of the pile. Who built it, or purpose, ar ha o Loy ve not —————___ A Big Claim, Prom the Pasadens Post. A 'f' les policeman has been sued for ,000. In case the plain- tifts get § ent in full there is some curiosity as td what they will do with it. —————————— International Spert. From the Rochester Times-Union. As we wal but can’t play with an; until two years have —_————— Belated. Prom the Cincinnau Times-Star. ‘The world would be s lot better off i had thought about eurrency” during the big boom days. —_—— s wee— Capone Tactics Over East. Prom the Boston Transeript. . | the has hun ing | our nger list as Count Something- | m—m one voyage, three dn;s THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. ry one by his of stress he er, are nearly sepa r:h:o Kubb:rnlnd . “The Courting of of & shy man who near- each Nicholas” tel * % x % OF THE SEVEN SEAS. By geder\c H. Riker. New Y Long & Richard R. Smith. Purser on a transatlantic ) - ric Riker now tells stories ‘&"fi.&’:fl.‘ of his adventures at sea, which | began when he was a lad and ran away 0 become & sailor. He has since sailed séven seas or. many t; Mm! wrledcke]d and et ‘h L".'. | for along the uj - Explored tropical forests” and. besn no fire. The prese; - contains some of e collected t rd, Jansen, might rescue a little had fallen overboard while her | and widowed mamma flirted | with the handsome creature down on out of San Francisco, an odd old man was on board, in a long | 2s i His name | { on the passenger list and Car- | son, ® thin, white-faced, 111 A him, :lle[ insisted | was W curfous about Burke, the third officer, that “he wasn't aboard when we started.” When the ship ran into & terrific hur- | ricane in the Oceania region, and a gigantic fan-shaped cloud appeared on the far horizon, followed by a wall of water which advanced on the ship, only the old priest, or missionary as he ‘(‘Ill!d himself, whose identity and origin could not be determined, of all those aboard was calm and undisturbed. After the danger was past, the invalid, Carson, had “acquired, absolutely and unshakably, the inscrutable quantity we call faith. He was convinced that henceforth all was to be well with him. {1 have not the slightest doubt that | perfect health soon returned to that | wasted body.” The episodes are related | in conversational style, as if over the| | dinner table or on deck, without at- | tempt at literary effect. * % x ¥ MEN OF MARACAIBO. By Jonathan | Norton Leonard. New York: | Putnam'’s Sons. e |, The ofl country, not of Oklahoma which Mr. Leonard chose to visit, per- haps because it is as different as &s- s is also as different as pos- sible from his former book, “The | Tragedy of Henry Ford.” The Lake of Maracaibo is really an arm of the sea. “Although its mouth is a strait five miles wide, it is as fresh as a rain 1 el, for the fresh water from the | mountains pushes out the salt water from the sea. And it is a curious place—this lake which is not a lake.” | With the ofl boom & few years ago, | many Americans went to Venezuela, |and one of them here writes his ex- | periences with the people—the people | in a class sense, not with high society. | Oil speculators.’ salesmen and adven- turers from many nations mingle in the story with native peasants. A visit to the home of ‘enezuelan s | the account of Venezuelan life, nor even of life in the boom Maracaibo, | once raided by Horf:n raided by ofl speculators. It is a col- lection of the suthor’s own e: ces houses, in the lake villages and on the plantations. It is written with vivacity and considerable cynicism. *xx % HISTORY OF NORWEGIAN LITERA- To the extent that it is nationalistic, the literature of & national group ex- presses the mind development of the group. When its literature is strongly by outside nations or becomes | somewhat ork: Ray | badge him | Oakland Tribune, that former ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERI ‘When troublesome questions arise, avail yourself of the service of this de- rtment. It costs you nothing—you ve only to send 8 cents for postage on the personal letter you will receive in reply. Do not use postcards. y mlmlngdm any subject of fact will be answered. Address your letter of in- quiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Prederic J. 'Wlshlnmn. D.C. Q. What changes have been made in base ball rules since 1931?—W. C. C. A. No changes have been made. Q. How many States have laws re- quiring medical certificates showing physical fitness before marriage licenses are issued?—E. S. A. No States have all-embracing laws, but Alabama, Louisiana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, Wisconsin and Wyoming require s medical certificate from a male appli- cant that he is free from a venereal 3 Fourteen other ghm have laws relating to marriage da are acctepted or are voluntary. Is “blighter” a term of opprobrium ufiuunm»n. 8. A. It is slightly contemptuous but good-natured slang. It is used gen- erally with the idea that the man is a bit of a scam, 3 T, obnoxious. Q. After a patent is granted, is it necessary to have the article bear a le :«lfln‘ that it is patented?— A. The law requires that a person who has actually received a patent on an article shall mark the article pat- ented and give the patent number. Q. Why is a blue ribbon used as a symbol for a first prize?—S. M. A. The term was first applied to the of the Order of the Knights of the Garter. In this case the ribbon is blue. It naturally followed that blue ribbon was used for a first prize, or figuratively as an expression applied to any great prize or coveted homor. Q. What s the origin of the word galoshes?—S. M. A. The galosh or golosh was origi- nally a wooden shoe or clog, but later came to mean an overshoe. In 1688 there is the statement: ‘“Galloshios are false shoes, or covers for shoes.” The word is adapted from the French galoche, from low Latin galopedium, a wooden shoe. Q. What is the biggest ship on the Great Lakes?—L. G. A. The two largest vessels an the Great Lakes are two freighters of 10,- 000 grcss tofs each—one American and one British. Q. Did Jess Willard fight Harry Wills had | at any time during Willard's come- back?—E. 8. P. A. The men never fought. Q. When was “Cyrano de Bergerac” first produced?—W. F. A. Rostand’s heroic comedy was first produced st the Theater de Ia Porte Saint-Martin on December 28, 1897, with Coquelin in the title role. Q When did it become customary to shave the beard?>—M. B. A. The Egyptians commonly shaved ing. Alexander the Great ordered his Greek soldiers to shave (356-323 B. C.), and about the same time the'custom was introduced into Rome. that Scipio Africanus was the first Roman who shaved every day. Q. How many school teachers are there in the United States?—M. F. A. In 1930 there were 1,044,016. Q. What did the Indians use as pack animals before horses were brought to this country?—N. P. persons not physically fit, but ati- | p, or, at the moment, | their beards, except in time of mourn- | Pliny says | C J. HASKIN. :h:‘ l’uvfi;\n : t.she ht;odm of horse by e Spanish conquisth- , the Indians of the plains of dogs as pack animals. Q. What proportion of the popula- tion of California is Jewish?—E. A. The latest census of the Jewish mnuon in the United States was in 1927. At that time the num- ber of Jews in California totaled 128,- 284, or 2.78 per cent of California’s total population. a: cwhy does fear cause goose flesh? A. It causes a reflex action of the small erector pilae muscles. Q. Who paid for the bust of Cool- idge which has been placed in the Sen- ate wing of the Capitol?—F. O, A. The bust was made for the col- Jection of Presidents of the Senate, and was pald for out of the funds of the Senate. Q. Are oak trees found ir all coun- tries?—A. K. A. There are about 300 species, spread over the entire Northern Hemi- sphere, except in the extreme north. | They are more numerous in America |than in Europe. Few are found in Asia, Australia has a few, tropical | Africa none and South America none | except near the Andes. . Between what two countries is there the most travel?—A, T. | A. Travel between the United States and Canada is greater than that over any other international boundary. Last | year about 1,500,000 Canadian tourists | visited this country, while about 14,000,- 1000 people from the United States vis- ited Canada. | Q. Who is the president of the League of Nations Association?—N. P, | _A. Raymond B. Fosdick succeeded | George W. Wickersham as president on |May 1. He has had a great deal of | experience in public affairs and was at one time undersecretary general of the League of Nations. Q. Where is the steel ball in which Prof. PiccarC ascended into the strato- sphere?>—C. H. this Bum- A. It 18 to be in Chicago mec«m::{a! hy- 1 mer as an_exhibit in Progress. Dr, William Beebe’s sphere in which he reached the low- | est depths beneath the sea will also | be shown. Q. What flag did Princess Pat's regi- ment carry into battle in the World War?—N. M. W, A. While the flag of the British Em- pire is not carried into battle, each regiment has its own particular set of ment which was carried by the Royal Canadians, or Princess Patricia’s Own. . Whe the [ason in- S e e S A. J. L. Mason invented the Mason style jar in 1858 and secured & patent on November 30 of that year. The original Mason jar was made to seal on the jar itself; that is, the body of the jar came to a flat, horizontal sur- face at the point where it ed the neck of the jar. After the pat- | ents expired, several companies began the manufacture of the Mason style jar. Ball Brothers improved the origi- nal Mason style by forming the “seal- ing shoulder” separate from the rest of the jar. This new style was called the ‘‘Ball Perfect Mason” and was much [ stronger in the meck of the jar than the original style. Q Is it considered in good taste for | & Président to cast his vpte for him- self for re-election?—K. E. T. A. Taste does not enter .nto the matter. He votes for himself as the candidate of the party with which he is affiliated. , Recent statements from official sources cn the maintenance of the “open door” in China have created American interest because that policy, formulated by Secretary of State | Hay, is held to have been a tri- umph of American diplomacy. State- ment by an official that recognition of Manchukuo would be the price of main- taining the open door has been followed by a Tokio announcement to the con- trary. It is held that the present dis- pute over the Chinese Eastern Railway is involved in commercial plans in the t. Orlent. “It is satisfactory to know,” says the Providence Journal, “that the Japanese ment has officially notified the nited States Government that the open door of trade and commerce in Manchuria will be maintained, not- withstanding a contrary announcement other day by a Manchukuan spokesman.” The Journal concludes: “The American Government and peo- ple have reason to welcome the present announcement from Tokio that the new state of Manchukuo does not propose to shut John Hay's cpen door in our faces. The open door represents a fine triumph for Ameri diplomacy. The shut door would have been a serious blow at that diplomacy, as well as at the commercial rights it has sought to o A statement by former President ‘Theodore Roosevelt is quoted I? the jeader having declared that this policy, “as & matter of fact, completely disappears rding | as soon as a powerful nation determines o disregard it, and 15 willing to run the risk of war rather than forego its intention.” The Tribune holds that the recent alleged threat was “an eco- nomic one, which might in a measure offset any embargo other nations piaced upon the shipment of war materials to ‘Tokio. In dollars and cents,” con- tinues the Tribune, “the United States is but mildly interested, inasmuch as its total investment in what was Man- churia is no more than $12,000,000 There is a principle "involve y cosmopolitan, it ceases to the nations! mind. Norse g with few exceptions, throughout its course, been to an unusual degree a reflection of the national mind. This history of- Norwegian literature, by the associate gm!-w of Norwegian history and literature of St. Olaf College, Min- nesots, traces the development of the literature from the earliest runes, carved on stones and of wood, the Eddic songs of the skalds, iporary Norwegian litera- ture, which includes some of the best fiction of the world today. The earliest known skald was Bragi Boddason the Old, who lived early in the ninth century. The most famous Norwegian writer today is Sigrid Undset, author of the tril “Kristin Lavransdatter” and winner of the Nobel prize for litera- ture. Prof. Sigrid Undset and Olav Duun, author of “The People of Juvik” series, illus- trates his crisp method of eritical . “To Undset the present world is something to escape from or to be lifted out of in order to attain the joy of a heaven above. Duun is interested in mankind only.” This is a sufficiently detalled and well written book of in- nt ! i : 1 1 Jorgenson's comparison of | Easf ‘The open-door policy, giving all nations equal right to trade in the Orient, was first formulated by Secretary Hay 1899. It has been frequently con- firmed. To it Japan made a pledge in the Root-Takahira agreement in 1908 and in the Lansing agreement of 1917. It is incorporated in the nine-power treaty of 1922’.nxllned by all the prin- cipal powers, including Japan.” “If Japan intends to maintain the policy of the open door,” thinks the Baitimore Sun, “Russia’s interest in the Chinese Eastern will have to be scrupu- lously prof Japan does not terest in the railway, it will be an indi- cation of her disinclination to adhere to the open-door policy in general. There have been hints that the open door would be closed. The action of Japan with respect to the Ohinese tern will go rather a long way toward showing what the Japanese ons which A good cit de-| sttt would. ke to about controlied Open Door in China Is Upheld As Necessary to All Nations | credited to Tokuzo Komai, Japanese | member of the Manchukuo Privy Coun- cil, that Manchukuo's trade door would | be closed to nations not having diplo= matic relations with the Chang-chua | regime. Actm% Prime Minister Bald- | win replied that he did not believe that | the threat had really been made, but in any event Great Britain was pre- pared to defend the principle of the open door in Manchuria.” “During the past few months,” re- cords the San Antonio Express, “the Manchukuan administration has erected barriers which have almost closed the so-called open door to trade. Several British commercial houses—long estab- lished in the Far East—are withdraw- | ing their branches from the Man- | churian provinces, and other foreign ‘mncem are expected to follow their | example. The Tokio government lately agreed to send a businessmen’s delega- | tion to London, to discuss trade prob- | lems with British spokesmen. How- {ever, it hardly eould achieve worthwhile results should the puppet Manchukuan administration at Chang-chun continue a policy which favors Japan to the | practical exclusion of all other na- tions.” | _ Discussing the railroad dispute, the | Boston Transcript advises that “it may | be doubted that either Japan or Russia | is willing to engage in armed conflict,” with the conclusion that “Japan has not hesitated to defy the world in her | Manchurian venture, but it is suffi- | ciently evident that she has done so in the belief that the world would not interfere.” The Roanoke Times de- | clares that “Japan knows full well that in challenging Russia to conflict | 1t would not be engaging the Russia that was defeated so disastrously in 1904-5." The New Orleans Times- Picayune feels that “Japan may be unwilli to force the issue at this time, but eventually will, in all likeli- , seek possession of the coveted railway by purchase or other method, to strengthen her grip upon Man- churis.” ———— | Only Reasonable Deliberation. in | From the San Antonio Express Allow the child time to obey your directions, a psychologist counsels par- ents—but don’t let him get the ides that he is a court case. e Penalty of Riches, Prom the Schenectads” Gazette. A nation is like an individual. About all it gets for being rich is the privilege of paying more for service. Qualified. From the Toledo Blade. Mr. Will Hays says vulgarity on the sereen doesn't pay. He ht to know, having been around when it was given a thorough trial. Stout Citizens Tnterested. #Prom the Indianapolis News. tizens with wing qnfinund‘m ‘more infiation. ————————— Distribution of Wealth. | prom the Chicago Dalfy News. Possibly sixt) of , Socialist, as sur- & mldhe { | plus value that shoul more equally distributed. e ———— Pent to Repent. Los Angelts Times.