Evening Star Newspaper, April 12, 1933, Page 5

SHAW SEES HOPE INLAND OF BOOBS rish Critic Says America May Take Lead to Save Civilization. By the Assoclated Press. NEW YORK, April 12.—America, k accustomed to hear George Berna Shaw call it a land of boobs, was a bit astonished today to find a large shavian bouquet in its iap. Lecturing an American audience face to face for the first time, the Irish author said last night that the United States may possibly take the lead in saving civilization from tottering into the abyss as did Babylon, Rome and other civilizations of the past. A rain of verbal cabbages accom- panied the complimentary roses. Shaw said that Americans are ruled by finan- clers who are “95 per cent lunatics”; that they worship a “monstrous idol” called the Statue of Liberty and that they live under a constitution which is nothing but & “charter of anarchy.” But he celebrated the passing of the ®ridiculous 100 per cent American,” that “man who talked so splendidly and had nothing to say,” and he dwelt on “a curious public instinct, a social feeling” which “may turn out to be & volcanic political genius.” Has Some Hope. “Therefore, I have some hope,” he said. “I really do entertain a hope—I| think I am the only person in the world who entertains it so far. After my p g tonight some of you may begin to entertain it, but I do begin to think that it is possible that America, 1n spite of all the follies of the past, in spite of your ridiculous Uncle Jonathan, in spite of your ridiculous 100 per cent American, you are really coming to the ?oim in which America may take the lead and possibly help to save the world.” Speaking to an audience that filled the Metropolitan Opera House—there | ‘were many bankers who smiled to hear themselves called lunatics—Shaw posed that the United States scrap its Constitution, build a new one on Amer- ican needs; nationalize the banks and dgstroy the power of the financiers. Ye told Americans that in an attempt %o obtain liberty they built a state in d boss was a dictator, :fld in which every financier was in way & dictator, and every man who represented big business was a dictator and they had no responsibility.” He said Hollywood was the center of “an abominably immoral propaganda”: not sex immorality, but the immorality of heroes who, n tney are annoyed, give some one a “sock on the jaw.” Praises Roosevelt. “When will we see & film from Holly- wood,” he demanded, “in which the hero, instead of socking the gentleman in the jaw, does the civilized thing and calls the policeman?” As an example of the better type of American succeeding the 100 per center, he named “Mr. President Roosevelt” and William Randolph Hearst, both of whom, he said, are ‘“very violently against the Constitution.” If Mr. Roosevelt, he declared “has to go on under the Constitution, with the usual rotten Congress and all the rest of it, he will inevitably be as great a dis- appointment as Mr. Hoover.” “Of course,” he said, “your existing situation is not a very promising one. Your proletariat is unemployed. That means the breakdown of the capitalist :{l:t;m. * * * Your farmers are enslaved, armed revolt. * today belongs to the proletariat. an_employed manager.” The financiers, he said, are lunatics, “living in a world of absolute illusion,” and “yet it is in the hands of these lunatics that you leave the whole fate of your country, and you also give them amazing power, which exists in all large and rich societies.” American efficiency engineers and American machinery, he said, saved Russia, which, by “getting rid of the frightful friction of competition,” is now one of the “biggest industrial powers of the world.” He advised, how- ever, that Americans, in setting up their “new constitution,” make it an Amer- ican constitution. Recalls Earlier American. “Don’t bother so much about Karl Marx,” he said. iy Shaw said he could re “the sort of person that an American was, say, in the year 1860, and that “the American of that day was quite unlike the American of today, thank Heaven.” “They were not really Americans at all,” he explained. “They were emi- grants, they were provincials, they were people bringing the habits of an old country and an old civilization, all the bad habits as well as the good ones. “They were dragging them to this country and they were setting up as a nation’ with a very uneasy e sciousness which made them ridiculous- ly sensitive to any remark that was made by a foreigner about the Ameri- ean Nation. “Now that American, as I say, doesn't exist today. As the Nation went on de- weloping, it was still for a long time trying to do the things that Eg:gre ‘was doing and doing them very ly, I may remark, although generally very expensively.” ‘There came & change, Shaw went on, and described the American Who emerged like this: “He was a colossal person; he was an extremely dignified person; he was & person that when you met him, you felt here was a man of great impor- tance, or even of commanding impor- tance; a man who had something in him, but you never could get that something out of him. . Never Said Anything. “He was a tremendous talker, a man of magnificent periods and splendid perorations, an orator who shouted at meetings and especially at dinner | tables at great length, but he never said anything. “But he was an abominating sort of man, if I may use the expression,” Shaw continued. “He was monumental, but | he was so empty in tbe point of get- ting new or definite that you simply were staggered when we looked at him in Europe. “He was in the air, consequently you got nothing out of him but wind, and you got a tremendous amount of that This man, however, emerged, and at last he began to get a name and became | known as the 100 per cent American. “And there was this about him, that he 'was the unique phenomenon—there was nothing else in the world at all like him.” Shaw said the “100 per cent Amer- ican’s” principal shortcoming was as a politician, because “he had no political constitution to which he could refer his ideals.” He veered from there to a dis- cussion of the American Constitution. “It was not really s constitution at all,” he averred. “It was not an in- strument of government. It was a guar- antee to a whole nation that they never could be governed at 2ll. And that is exactly what they wanted.” Afraid of Dictators. Shaw conceded that “in England we have the British constitution. but no- body knows what it is, and it is not written down anywhere.” “But you have got the thing” he said. “I can nail you down to the clauses of that Constiution.” Shaw sald it was “a Constitution of certain parliamentary bodies, Legisla- tures, Congresses, and so forth, which was so wonderfully divided that when you sent in one body of men to govern the country through these bodies, you sent in another body of men into the same body to prevent their doing it.” ““The result of that” he declared, “was that you were very much afraid of dictators, and you arrived at & state of aociety in which every ward boss was = (ONE BRITON PLEADS Shaw Braves H, PSHAW! posed. It was taken on his arrival in He said, however, that when he other. More cameramen. It was rather boring, but he put up with it, as pheto shows. the same evening he would “say plenty.” THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, Cameramen IRISH DRAMATIST POSES, BUT REFUSES TO TALK. So the Irish dramatist sighed and New York yesterday. He turned down reporters flatly and wouldn't say a thing about New York's skyline. spoke in the Metropolitan Opera House It's G. B. Shaw, of course—none —A. P. Photo. GULTY T SPYING Five Others Deny Charge as Trial Opens Before Moscow Court. By the Associated Press. MOSCOW, April 12—W. H. Mac- Donald, British employe of the Metro- | politan-Vickers Electrical Co., and 11 Russian employes of the company to- day pleaded guilty to charges of es- | pionage, sabotage and bribery. Five other British employes of the company pleaded not guilty. The five other Englishmen are Allan Monkhouse, Moscow director for the" Metropolitan - Vickers Co.; Charles Nordwell, L. C. Thornton, A. W. Greg- ory and John Cushny. The 11 Russian employes of the company include 1 woman, Thelr trial started this morning in October Hall, the house of %e trades tioned inside and outside room. Four Judges Preside. October Hall was crowded to its capacity of approximately 500. Spec- tators were admitted only by card. Four judges, one of whom is an alternate, were seated at a red-draped table on an elevated dais, back of which stood a squad of uniformed soldiers. The ers were seated in a dock to the right and behind the Sud‘u.l with two soldiers, with bayonets fixed, | standing immediately in front of them. | Nine defense attorneys were in court, | five of them representing the Eng- | lishmen. To the left sat sandy-haired and bespectacled Prosecutor Audrey Vish- insky. He had one assistant. Monkhouse, Nordwell, Thornton, Gregory and Cushny first filed in, fol- lowed by the remainder of the prison- ers who had been kept in custody. (All of the British subjects except Mac- Donald had been released on bail.) One Woman Accused., MacDonald, 28 years old, whom the prosecution said it expected to attempt to chow is a spy, walked in the front rank of the prisoners, and without g to his colleagues took a seat in the front row of the prisoner’s dock. He is tall and was wearing a closely- cropped goatee. -His face was pale. Thornton also sat in the front row of the dock, two seats removed from | MacDonald. The remainder of thel! Englishmen sat together in the back row. | Anna Sergeyevna, 37-year-old bobbed haired blonde, who was Monkhouse’s personal secretary, also was seated in | the front row. In formal, perfunctory questioning | the prisoners were asked by Chief Judge | Ulrich whether they had received a copy of the indictment. All of the Englishmen except Gregory answered in Russian. Gregory, who does not speak Russian, was questioned through an official interpreter. Russian Defendant IIL. It was announced at the outset of the trial that the eighteenth defendant, a Russian, had suddenly become ill and would be tried later. After the formal questioning of the indictment was started document is approximately 20,000 words long. All of the British Metropolitan- Vickers employes were neatly dressed | and appeared in good health. The Rus- sians. all of whom were employed in | technical capacities in Soviet electrical organizations, also were well groomed. All answered the initial questions in firm voices. William Strang, charge d'affaires at the British embassy, and a number of secretaries from both the embassy and | | the British consulate watched the open- | ing proceedings intently, as did a special | | representative of Metropolitan-Vickers, | Who was sent here to observe the case. | Virtually all of the diplomatic corps was represented. reading The In his alleged confession, the indict- ment said, MacDonald told of atting | under Thornton’s instructions in col- | lecting military, economic and political information; in organizing a breakdown of the Zlatoust electrical plant, which | furnishes power for military and metal- lurical factories in the Urals. “I understood Thornton was acting in the interests of England,” the indict- ment quoted MacDonald as saying. | Thornton denies having obtained any information of secret character or hav- ing issued any instructions for sabotage. ‘The woman, Kutuzova, upon whose testimony the present indictment is a dictator, and in which every financier was in his way a dictator, and every man who represented big business was a_ dictator and they had no respon- sibility. “And to this state of things, this de- feat of all governments, you put up in New York Harbor a monstrous idol which you called ‘Liberty.’ And there it is, and the only thing that remains to six Britons on charges carrying & maxi- mum penalty of death was beginning. Alleged Confession Read. 1 | based, told the police that a man named Richards, vaguely described as an official of Metropolitan-Vickers, came to see Monkhouse, Cushny and Thornton in 1930 and that afterward these three and MacDonald secretly met a number of Russian citizens on several occasions. “I concluded,” the indictment quotes her as saying, “that all of them were collecting political and economic infor- mation and sending it to England.” Official Paid Money. Later, she said, Thornton told her espionage was going on. Still later she told police she had discovered that ‘Thornton and Monkhouse were plan- ning to wreck the turbines at Zlatoust under Richards’ instructions. Monkhouse, said the indictment, also denied having collected any 'secret in- formation, or having given any bribes, or having organized any sabotage. He said he did get information on his com- pany’s work in Russia and on general conditions in this country “of interest to_the firm.” He did admit, it is stated in the in- dictment, that he and Thornton paia' & considerable sum of money in rubles the control department of the Russian Electro-Import. Dolgov, who turned the money over- to the Ogpu, is one of five witnesses to be called by the prosecution. HOLDS PUBLIC INTEREST. England Turns From Other Problems | to Trial of Six in Moscow. LONDON, April 12 (#).—Great Britain turned its attention anxiously today to Moscow, where the long-awaited trial of National politics, the forthcoming World Economic Conference and all other matters have been superceded in public interest by the Russian affair. Already it has caused the indefinite re- call of the British Ambassador from Moscow, the ending of trade agreements with Russia next week, and final action, taken last night, empowering the gov- ernment to declare an embargo on Rus- sian imports. Lord Hailsham, minister for war, ex- pressed the mood of the British cabinet in declaring it will “leave no stone un- turned to secure justice for the British men now in peril in Moscow.” Based on Company Reports, Charges of espionage, sabotage, and bribary face the six men, who were in the service of the Metropolitan-Vick- ers Electrical Equipment Co., of Man- chester. The company was nearing completion of 10 years’ work for the Soviet government, when the offices and homes of its employes were raided suddenly a month ago in Moscow and Leningrad. The espionage charge, information made public by the British government held, was based merely on visits made every few months to England by com- pany officials to report on their work in Russia. The sabotage charge, Am- bassador Sir Esmond Ovey declared, was to “cover up” failure of industrial work undertaken by the Soviet government. to & man named Dolgov, manager of EXPEDITION READY 10 SCALE EVEREST Selection of Porters Impor- tant Factor in Climbing of Mountain. BY HUGH RUTTLEDGE, Leader of Mount Eyerest Climbing Expedi- jon. Special Dispatch to The Star. GANGTOK, Sikkim, Indis, April 12 (N.AANA) (by runner from Kampa Dzong)—In all expeditions to the| greater mountain ranges of the world, the problem of transport demands the | closest study and preparation. As in war, the troops must be brought within striking distance of the objective and maintained in attack, retreat or counter- attack. Failure is the almost certain result of a weak link in the lines of communication. The higher technique of mountaineer- ing has been evolved in Europe, yet it is scarcely an exaggeration to say that without the collaboration of the hardy, enduring peoples of the Himalayan not one of the greater peaks of that vast range could be climbed. From Hunza and the Karakoram, on the west, through Kumaun to Nepal and , on the east, there are no “gmenities”—no hotels, diligences, rail- ways, mountain huts. The mountaineer must be his own courier, his own univer- sal provider, and must persuade the Jocal people to see him through. Acclimated Porters. Fortunately for aspirants to Everest, political and economic circumstances have conspired to bring within reach of Darjeeling (a hill station and district in British India) the very finest ma- terial for a porter corps. Ten marches she away, almost on the southern slopes of! Everest, is an old Tibetan settlement within Nepal territory. It is called Solah Khombu and lies at a height of 13,000 feet. The Sherpas of this settlement, accus- from early childhood to carry heavy loads over rough ground, fre- quently cross the high pass at the head of their valley into Tibet, and have attained a remarkable degree of accli- matization to altitude. They come to Darjeeling in large numbers, seeking work on tea estates. pulling richshaws and doing general rough porter’s work. Scarcely inferior to these Sherpas are Tibetan subjects called Bhotias. They come in from the Chumbi Valley and enlist readily. They are, perhaps, somewhat more amenable to discipline than the Sherpas, and as load-carriers are unsurpassed. In speaking of these Himalayan les the word “cheery” is almost as eavily overworked as the word “breezy” when applied to naval officers. Yet it does describe an attitude of mind which carries these men through mcredlblei hardship and makes their companion- ship a pleasure. Aware of Dangers. Many of them are highly intelligent, fully aware of what lies before them on an expedition to Everest or Kanchen- junga: exposure, danger, extremes of physical and nervous exhaustion. They can earn as much on tea estates or in the Darjeeling bazaar. Yet, up they come, old hands and new, to compete for the . They are of Mongolian nomad stock. Also, they are mountaineers themselves, and love participation in a game thc more thrilling for the superstitious ter- rors which ltllll‘ mfld it. = It says much for the general keen- ness that, although the period of re- cruiting coincided with the Tibetan New Year, when a jovial spirit is abroad, we have not had one case of drunkenness among the porters, who have had advances of pay. Almost to a man they have made allotments to their wives and other dependents, and then interested themselves in their new | equipment and in the preparations for the march. ‘Thorough Fighters. This does not mean that vigilance must be relaxed. The sherpa, when he decides to have a carouse, does it very thoroughly, and is then prone to thc most violent kind of fighting, in the course of which he will use any wea- pon, including his teeth. It is difficult not to 'forgive him, he is so desperately repentant next morning, and the best of friends with his opponent, should the latter survive. ! Yet discipline must be maintained, | and the punishment of a double load is | duly enforced, and accepted with per- fect' understanding and no ill-will Occasional quarrels there must be among & body of high-spirited men. | Provision has been made this year of sets of boxing gloves, and there is no| more invigorating spectacle than that of two sherpas blowing off steam in a hastily formed ring. They begin by | professing a determination to plnyi light; but within 10 seconds are heart- {ly endeavoring to exterminate one an- other, while their friends, with a day’s | pay on the result, comment on their| wild swings, and everybody is uupremelyl goats” in the accusations of “wrecking activities.” British diplomatic communications said attempts to bribe the men to do work without the knowledge of their ' company also failed and that Russian a woman trap one of the men into a similar undertaking. Embargo Act Passed. The embargo enabling act passed its third and final reading in the House of Lords last night by an overwhelming vote. It previously passed the House of Commons. The cabinet agreed not to invoke the embargo until after the ex- next week, and then only for the pur- pose of defense of the six engineers. Lord Hailsham told the House of Lords that only three days in prison had made the defendants terrified of speaking when they were last seen by the Ambassador. “It took a great deal to produce such an effect in three days on Englishmen and Scotsmen,” Lord Hailsham added. After the arrest of the six men and many Russian employes of the company the British Ambassador made strong representations to the Soviet govern- ment. The Ambassador’s reports told of al- leged maltreatment of the prisoners and “third-degree” measures taken by the ing and cross-examining of the men. PLAN SUGAR POOL Members of Cuban Institute Adopt Basis for Machado Signing. HAVANA, April 12 (#).—The Official Gazette today published the basis for the new sugar pool recently adopted by members of the Cuban Sugar Insti- tute. President Machado is expected to sign a decree soon making the “volun- tary pool” effective. The institute plan sets 450,000 tons as the minimum figure fcr the agree- ment and all pooled sugars will be held off the American market until January 1, 1934. Thereafter it will be disposed of in six equal monthly lots. BOAT TIME' REDUCED Steamboat running time between Washington and Mount Vernon has | been reduced to one hour by Ahe Wilson Line, which yesterday inaugurated serv- ice between the two ts with the new steam City of Wasl 9 Trips will be made twice daily, ex- cept Sundays, leaving Washington at 9:30 am. and 1:30 p.m., and returning at 1:20 and 5 p.m. -trip fares mpl':tlc fit statue is to yfll onbm pedest y pe abandon, ye who enter t."‘ have been reduced to 50 cents for adults and 25 cents for children, He said the Britons were made “scape- | Pl Russian officials in the early question- leased. 1 Meanwhile, selected men have been; taught the gentle art of valeting, an occupation in which they delight. ' Servant Interesting. + My own servant, Kitar, my com- fon last year in the Kumaun Hima- authorities failed in an attempt to have | ry“l 1s & joy to behold. Dressed, on & windless day, in a complete suit of Bavarian wind-proof clothing, with my last year’s puttees, boots and balaclava, he mixes up my carefully packed equip- ment in an archarnement of industry, empties and refills my kitbag a dozen times & day, and rebukes me when I drop two annas on the floor. Unless I am much mistaken, he will | piration of the Russian trade n'enty‘ go high on Everest, for he is a resolute i adventurer. We shall see later if there is a spirit of rivalry between the Sher- pas and Bhotias. Within reason, it will be encouraged. For the time being, we are learning [rm————— | ——— AP NO. L e ] School Orator GEORGE BON DURANT. —Star Staff Photo. BETHROTHAL ANNOUNCED Daughter of Norman Thomas to Marry Yale Student. NEW YORK, April 12 (#).—Mr. and Mrs. Norman Thomas announced yes- terday the engagement of their eldest daughter, Mary Cecil, to Herbert C. Miller, jr., of Columbus, Ohio, former Yale varsity foot ball playér and now completing his last year at Yale Medical School. Miss Thomas, whose father was the Socialist candidate for President in 1928 and 1932, is a student at Vassar. Known to her family and friends as “Polly,” e has been a frequent exhibitor at dog shows, with entries from her moth- er’s kennels. to distinguish one flat face from { another flat race. One member of thé ex- pedition, in despair, suggested numbers such as adorn the backs of football players. To my surprise, the men are delighted with the idea and with the identity discs provided to connect them with their family allotments. Before leaving Darjeeling the expe- dition was blessed by the Lamas of the Ghoom Monastery, an arrangement most kindly made by Sirdar Bahadur Laden La, C. B. E. The ceremony was conducted with a beautiful dignity. At the moment of the invocation of the mountain spirits, the summit of distant Kanchenjunga came quietly through the clouds, in seeming answer to the prayer. I think that no one who was priviieged to be present at that service will ever forget it, or the per- fect demeanor of the porters, their steady eyes fixed upon the snows dur- ing the invocation, or their heads bent for the blessing which each man of us received separately. It was a dedica- tion to honorable battle. (Copyright, 1933, by North American News- paper Alliance. Inc.) WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 1933. SELECTED ORATOR AT MKINLEY HIGH Honor Senior to Represent School Again This Year in Contest. George Bon Durant, 17-year-old honor senior at McKinley High School, who narrowly missed winning the highest place last year, will be spokes- man again this year in the National Oratorical Contest for his school. Young Bon Durant was adjudged winner of the McKinley High School finals yesterday when he defeated three other orators with his six-minute speech on “The Constitution: A Chal- lenge to American Youth.” Through his victory he will receive a cash award of $100 from The Star, sponsor of the Tenth National Oratorical Con- test here, and the right to enter this newspaper’s , when a Summer trip to Europe will be the big prize. Classmate Is Second. Bernard Harrison, a classmate, won second place in the McKinley finals to be official alternate. Harrison used an oration on “The Value of Politics in the nctioning of the Constitution.” er contenders for the McKinley honors were Charles Holbraok, a member of the junior class, and Carl Allantuck, a senior. The McKinley finals were staged in a special student assembly. In his successful bid for victory, Ben Durant spoke deliberately, clearly and without the gesticulation of the old-fashioned type of oratory. He is regarded as a strong bidder for The Star area cham- pionship because of the high place he wop last year when, as only a third- year student, he won second honors in this newspaper’s finals. Heads Honor Society. * Bon Durant is the son of Mr. and Mrs. William Bon Durant, 2420 Law- rence stfeet northeast. He is president of the Pharos, McKinley High School branch of the National Honor Society, and he is editor in chief of Tech Life, the school’s newspaper. Judges of the school finals were Henry Gilligan, member of the District of Columbia Board of Education; Dr. R. W. West of the department of po- litical science at George Washington University, and Dr. H. G. Roberts of the department of public speaking at George Wi University. FIRE DESTROYS SCHOOL SIMSBURY, Conn, April 12 (#).— The Beaverbrook Building of the Ethel ‘Walker School, a girl's preparatory and finishing institution, was destroyed by fire yesterday afternoon with a loss estimated by school officials at $150,000. 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