Evening Star Newspaper, January 12, 1933, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.. .pJanuary 12, 1933 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Business Office: 11th St and Pennsylvania Ave. New Yark Ofive. 110 East ¢and & Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Office: 14 Regent St.. London, and. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star_............45c per month The Evening and Sunday (when 4 Sundays) -60c per month Evening and Sunday Star days)......... 65¢ per month The Sunday Star..... ... ... .5C per copy Collection made at the end of each month Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunda: 137, $10.00: 1 Daily only .. 191l 36.00: 1 Sunday only 1yr. $4.00; 1 All Other States and Canada. 1yr., $12.00: 1mo.. $1.00 A1yr, §8.00; 1mo. T5¢ 1yr. $5.00; 1mo. 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. mo.. 88¢ mo. 80c mo., 40¢ Flaxseed, Goats, Molasses. Perhaps the best commentary on the House farm relief bill is found in the | prosaic Congressional Record’s report of -some of the amendments offered from the floor. Amendment offered by Mr. Hall of North Dakota: Page 2, line 17, after the word “cotton” insert “flaxsead.” Amendment offered by Mr. Schafer: Page 2, line 17, after the word “cotton™ insert the word “goats.” Amendment offered by Mr. Gilchrist: Line 17, page 2, after the word “cotton” insert the word “corn.” Amendment offered by Mr. Willlam E. Hull: Page. 2, line 18, after the word “cotton” insert a comma and the | words “black strap.” It is true that the House buckled down yesterday and killed off these amendments. It refused to put flax- seed, goats, corn and black strap mo- lasses among the basic export farm crops on which the farmers will be paid a bonus representing the difference ‘between current day and pre-war prices. But on the preceding dey the original list of such commodities, ccnsisting of 'wheat, cotton, tobacco and hogs had been broadened, and to it were added peanuts, rice and dairy products. Yesterday there wes fear that the bill would choke to death on its own amendments before it had a fair chance to survive. 8o further amendments were defeated and the House, after serious study and perfection of the text of the bill. is ez~ pected to reach a vote today. The bl will probably be passed by a comfort- able mejority. But merely because flaxseed, goats, corn and black strap molasses failed to be accommodated yesterday on the farm bill band wagon does not mean that they will later be denied a seat, nor should mushroom growers, poultry men and others feel disappointed. If the version of the domestic allot- ment plan represented in the House farm bill should finally be enacted into law and should prove workable—and it | is extremely difficult to conceive either —they will be taken care of in time. It is the nature of the bill that this should be s0. As long as peanuts and rice are placed in the same category with wheat and cotton as basic export- able crops there is nothing to, prevent the inclusion as such of practically everything clse. And as long as there are so many members of Congress who conceive the naticnal farm problem only in the light of what can be done for the farmers in their own districts efforts will be made continually to turn farm aid into another version of tariff making. 1t is to be doubted that the farm bill will become law, as written in the House. It is almost beyond compre- hension that the machinery it provides could be made to work. And there is real tragedy, not in the ultimate failure of this bill, but in the fact that with the real distress of agriculture so strongly demanding constructive action, this action should be expressed in the form of the House bill. The bill is dangerous enough in what it attempts to do, but not so dangerous as the dis- {liusionment of the farmer when he finds how badly he has been fooled egain. ————— In Huey Long's eyes the Pilipinos are interesting because of their competi- tive possibilities as cotton growers. Louisiana may regard his expression as blunt, but it does not interfere with economical programs by wasting valu- sble time on verbiage, John Hancock. This is John Hancock's day. He was was published to the world his was the only signature it bore. His principal sin appears to have been that he was the richest man in the North, as George Washington was the weaithiest in the South. Naturally, to the “debunkers” ruch opulence is indicative of innate depravity. No man cf meens, in their judgment, can be bzen represented as a grafter, a smug- gler, & cheat, and one author goes so far as to hint that he was guilty of embezzling the funds of Harvard Col- lege, of which he was treasurer. The truth is quite otherwice, but no cne particularly has cared about it. Four years hence the bicentennial of this “forgotten mau” of the Revolution will occur. The people of the Com- monwealth cf which he was nine times Governor might raise a monument to his honor in the form of an accurate blography of a leader their fathers knew and loved. | Save the Marine Corps! Gratitude is due the House Naval Affairs Ccmmittee for its vigorous con- demnation of the proposal to cut down the already skeletonized dimensions of the United States Marine Corps by a slash of between eleven and twelve per cent in its enlisted personnel. The Budget Bureau has recommended that the total of enlisted men be reduced from 15343 to 13,600, a decrease of 1,743 in the corps' present strength. | Coming on the heels of the Marines’ latest service to the cause of peace and | good order in Central America—the | completion on January 1 of their long |and arduous work in the pacification of Nicaragua—the reduction proposal | has about it something of callous irony, | as well as a myopic sense of the Na- i tion's needs. The ranks of the Marines have been thinned by Congress systematicajly since 1930. If the fresh cut now sug- gested s accomplished, the total loss in personnel during the past three years will amount to roundly twenty-five per cent. The explanation is economy, though the saving on the present occa- sion would be only $1,350,000 in a five- billion-dollar budget. When a con- flagration in the world is in full blast— such as the crisis in the Far East, with its immeasurable possibilities—is it sound economy to save so trifling a sum by dismissing the firemen and canceling insurance? The House Naval Committee recom- mends thet, instead of a further de- crease in the Marines' enlisted force, it be increased, so that the total number will be 17,000, The country will applaud that proposal. It is impressed by the statement in the recent annual report of Maj. Gen. Ben H. Fuller, com- mandant of the Marines, that “with the present enlisted strength the Marine Corps is not prepared to perform its allotted task in the event of a na- tional emergency.” That is a serious and arresting assertion. It is well for the American people to be reminded of the far-flung and di- versified duties, in both peace and war, that they are accustomed to expect from the men whose battle scars range “from the .halls of Montezuma to the shores of Tripoli” The House Naval Com- mittee recites the Leathernecks’ duties tersely: In time of war the Marine Corps as- sists the fleet in the seizure and initial defense of advance bases and it guards naval shore stations. In peacetime it is used for almost any service requiring in an emergency a trained force of men, including expeditionary work, foreign duty, garrison and naval hospital duty, ship detachments, the protection of the lives and property of American citizens abroad, the preservation of order in civil disturbances and, in fact, for any emer- gency which it is called to handle. 1t is, therefore, a highly trained and highly’ specialized force of men, with necessarily a high morale. The testi- mony of every witness, including the Secretary of the Navy, the chief of naval operations, the president of the General Board of the Navy, the chief of the Bureau of Navigation and the chief co-ordinator of the Government was to the effect that the United States has no force that could be used as the Marine Corps is used; that there should be some such force specially trained for the duties required of the Marine Corps; that the present strength of the corps does not enable it to fully perform all the functions for which it is needed, and that a further reduction would be disadvantageous to the corps, seriously impairing its efficiency and thereby de- stroy its best service to the country. The General Board of the Navy es- timates that at least 21,000 men are essential if the Marine Corps is to func- tion properly and fulfill its obligations. This imposes a solemn responsibility upon Congress. The question arises whether the administration about to leave office should tie the Mands of its successor by depriving the incoming | President of the forces required by him | to comply with his constitutional obli- | gations to protect the rights of Ameri- can citizens abroad. et | | The will of Calvin Coolidge is simple ordinarilyhonest. Therefore Hancockhas | and straightforward, like his life; an expression of affection and obligation, without effort to impress the popular imagination. B — Transcontinental Flying Service. Regular transcontinental air service of sixteen hcurs eastward and eighteen hcurs westward is now planned by one of the companies operating long-dis- born on January 12, 1737. First signer | of the Declaration of Independence and | first Governor of Massachusetts under | the Federal Constitution, he was uni- versally famous in his own time. But, largely, it would seem, because he lacked | a sympathetic biographer, our genera- | tion kndWs little about him and enter- | tains but scant appreciation of him. | He has receded into the shadows, and | a group of modern “debunking” his- torians have done their best to see that he is buried there For a more just evaluation of his role in the Revolutionary drama it is neces- sary to go back to the records of that period. When that is dome HMancock takes on a new significance. Samuel Adams, he was the leader of the Whig agitation in Boston, active in or- ganizing protest against “taxation with- out representation.” He served as chairman of the Citizens' Committee which successfully demanded the with- drawal of the troops after the Boston “massacre” in March, 1770, and deliv- ered a passionate oration of denuncia- tion cf misgovernment on the first an- niversary of that occasion. He was one of the objects of the Red Coat raid on Concord, April 19, 1775. The Tory mag- nates tried in vain to win him over. As president of the Provincial Congress and chairman of the Comimittee of #afety, he was an obvious cholee for the second Continental Congress, The idol of the people, he was equally marked for the presidency of the as- sembly at Philadelphia. It was in the latter capacity that he was called upon to sign the Declaration, July 4, 1776. The risk was unquestioned. Hancock staked his life when he signed. The importance of the man himself, well as that of his , is made est in the fact With | tance schedules in this country. The difference of two hours between the two | courses is due, it is explained, to the prevalence of westerly winds. The | longer fiight will be six hours less than | a recently established wchedule for night | mail and passenger service cperated by the same line and will be made possible | by the adoption of a speedier unit, which will include several features de- | seribed as “entirely new to commercial | air transport.” One of these is the use | of a structural material for which'is | claimed twice the strength of that pre- | vicusly used without any increase in | weight. Another feature is the use of 2 new wing secticn and still another is & “retarding flap,” which will permit | higher speeds in approac! landing | fields and will insure safe landings in | small areas. The company which now | proposes this remarkable operating speed | was established in” 1928 with a forty- eight-hour schedule on an air-rafl ‘basis, passengers being transported -by. rail at night and by plane in daylight. Alr travel has come to be regarded as a regular, safe, dependable means of transport in this country. The figures of patronage, for both long and short fiights, are mountind steadily and rapidly. Inter-city fiying on the two coasts, in the interior and now across the continent, is & common: @lace. The percentage of security i: hen the im- | céfinitely rising, and cesualties are now wken you sin’ got THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. (., THURSDAY. "JANUARY 12, 1933 ing the saving of time and even the expenditures for transport and meals, are lower in the long-distance services than by rail. It is now possible for & business man to leave the Eastern Coast on a Monday, fly across the con- | tinent, attend to affairs without haste on the West Coast and return within a week, for less expense than by the fastest coast-to-coast rail service. The new schedule just announced will con- stitute an additionai bid for larger patronage. Will further advances be made? For the present that question is less im- stration of safety and freedom from derangement of schedules on account of adverse conditions. The air-travel- ing public is now protected by a me- markably extensive and efficient cys- tem of weather observations and pre- cautions against dangerous flying. It will be important to observe how faith- fully the new 16-hour schedule is main- tained. And it may be expected that even while this service is being con- ducted experiments will be made with lighter structural materials, more pow- erful motors and additional devices for security, to the end of an even fur- ther shortening of the already phe- nomenal speed with which the conti- nent is spanned. ———— By comparing gulls to re-incarnated reporters who haunt the ships Prof. Einstein projects his imagination even further into the mysteries of time and space than he does in his mathematical theorizing. When he has studied this world and its people as thoroughly as he has the universe he may revise his opinion on this point as he has done concerning some others. . As a wise man experienced in duty as a confidential adviser, Col. House is !evidently impressed by the possibility that the new President is likely to be presented with more confidential advice than he will have time to consider. ——e——————— A great many years have been passed in efforts to discover & tariff that will give universal satisfaction. There should not be too much disappointment if the new administration should complete so prodigious a task within a few short months, | | | | | e Holidays are not reliable milestones in legislation, Those who expected beer before Christmas are now not sure that there will be anything stronger than the usual lemonade for the 4th of July. ———————— A friendly chat by Secretary of State Stimson and President-elect Roosevelt cannot be regarded as having great sig- nificance in revealing to either much that he did not know before. —— e As an editor Al Smith maintains the dignity of journalism. He may know a great deal about what is going to be done, but he refrains from placing him- self under suspicion of being willing to violate a confidence. ————————— Greece has invited Mr. Insull to make himself at home, although citizens are hoping that he will devote his further fihancial endeavors to a mail order business. ——————— Once a valiant political power, Will Hays continues to devote his efforts to preventing the motion picture industry from going as far from bad to worse as the Republican party went. ————— ‘The American eagle, proud bird of freedom, is regarded as in danger of being temporarily crowded out of the picture by the lame duck. S —— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Nebulosity. Some Aylen_tua cerebration is progressing far and near, But the topics are 50 numerous today That a nebulous condition seems to threat our solid sphere ‘With fireworks in an intellectual way. A decision should be easy, but it's diffi- cult to find, But each day it's growing harder to discern, ‘When everybody wants to tell the world ‘what's on his mind And no one wants to listen or to learn. Philosophy and commerce, now and then a dash of art, ‘With metaphysics coming to the fore, And economics looming for & most im- portant part, With philanthropy still striving as of yore— A man who thinks in silence and who waits in hope to serve Now fears to be mistaken for & dunce, Yet how can we get the action that we honestly deserve ‘When everybody tries to talk at once, Mechanized Statesmanship. “I'm not sure modern machinery is helping us as much as it ought to,” said Senator Sorghum. “One of these fili- buster demonstrations is very fatiguing to the voice.” “What would you suggest?” “Some arrangement by which filibus- tering could be made easy and even Ppleasant by bringing in a stack of phon- ograph records.” Jud Tunkins says with so many folks out of work, telling & man to mind his own business sounds merely like a mean sarcasm. Historic Situation. We've seen stout men by thousands wait For jobs to fill as best they can, Yet many a job that’s truly big We still find walting for the man. Fashion in Advance. “Are you purchasing the new Spring styles?” “No,” sald Miss Cayenne. looking for Fall styles.” “Fall has gone by.” “I refer to next Fall. “I am “One reason for the persistence of ‘war,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “is that the human imagination demands new heroes to replace those who are drifting into the shadows of forgetfulness.” & No Social Depression, Though problems difficult run free, All hopes are high and hearty; Each waits to see just who will be Invited to a party. “Most advice,” sald Uncle Eben, “Is an effort to hand common sense dan enough manifesto of American liberty cxtremely rare. Actual costs, reckon- for your own needs. portant to the public than the cemon- | |if the end is not all that might be| | desired. THIS AND THAT e s SH e B BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘What can be done about the garden ) at_this time? | Not much, it must be admitted, but the mental eye can see a great many | things. { These are pictures. ‘They are plans. There is one school of thought which | insists that planning is better than | doing, on the theory that it is better | to_travel hopefully than to arrive. No doubt there is some fallacy in this, as in most of the general state- ments, which are susceptible to varia- tions, after all. Good plans, capable of being carried cut, lose something if they are not pushed to completion, and this even | The trouble with most plans lies not | so much in their ultimate failure to come up to expectations, as in their purely human overbuilding in the first lace. 3 Normally, mankind expects too much. It is never satisfied with something good, but is forever raving about “big- ger and better,” as if there were some complete magic in mere mathematical progression. Surely the urge in mankind to bet- ter his best is large enough without a | recourse to the mumbo-jumbo of & boastful phraseology. Plans, to be good plans, should be t>mpered with common sense, and this | means that they must be built on a| basis of not expecting too much. In the garden this sensible philoso- phy has a very large place, for it is here that every one is a real master of his fate, the captain of his soul. If the pictures the home gardener | paints at this time of the year are not too vividly colored, he will stand a much better chance of realizing them. If he builds up an impossible mental picture of English glades, and the like, which take years of cxpert work, to say nothing of many dollars, to bring them to completion, he will find that | in the Summer he is going to be dis- appointed. Now there are distinctly too many ways of being .disappointed in this great and teeming world to add to the number deliberately, and with malice aforethought. The average gardener ought to face the fact that he is no Burbank. That great and lamented man was unique. Nor is he, in all likelihood. & land- scape gardener of any particular pre- tentions. He may “know what he likes,” as he says, but the chances are that he really isn't sure about it, after all. Some chance grouping around his yard forever destroys that illusion. Where he had planned nothing in par- ticular, a beauty nook grew. It took form by itself, and without heed to him or his previous planning. The plants not only grew well there, but they grew in such a way that he instantly recognized the creation of scmething he had never planned, nor even dreamed of. It was art. The creation of art, in the garden, is often the result of pure chance. Nature is an artist, too. She is, indeed, the original artist, without whom there is no art, in the final analysis. Every home gardener recognizes this, that is one very good reason why he should not strive too hard for a pre- conceived effect. (] Often the effects he gets by a lucky break will far outshine those over whose creations he labored so long. There is no gainsaying that Nature has a way of stepping in and creating her own effects, even in the cultivated garden where the human occupant | | High Lights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands RISH INDEPENDENT, Dublin.—Ad- ‘miral of the Fleet Sir Charles Mad- den, formerly first British sea lord, 8] g at the annual reunion of tg:nkl‘{.‘ N. V. R. Auxillary Patrol l ub in London, said: cl“one of these infernal disarmament conferences is on the way at present.” They were certain, he added, to take a bit off the royal navy, but he hoped that nothing would be done with the R. N. V. R, because if trouble came | With a small navy the more important | would .be their work. The cause of war was icy, and if they looked around Eur there were two coun- tries which had aggressive policies. One | was Russia and the other was in the north of Europe, and had announced its intention of rearming. The gentle- men who went to Geneva and lectured them about war should look to policy. The Maharajah of Burowan said they could not apply the cat-o’-nine tails to the people who were talking disarma- ment, but his advice to_them was to take inspiration from FPrance, Wwhich had the courage to say what she wanted. * K K X Curb on Jewish Immigration Deplored. Jewish Advocate, Bombay.—Some of our readers will receive with gratifica- tion the announcement that the Pales- tine government has agreed to grant 4,500 i!\wu to the Jewish agency for the mext six months. The Jewish agency, after taking everything -into consideration, appealed to the govern- ment for 6.760 immigration certificates, S0 that the decision of the Palestine government is to some extent disap- inting. po'rhe ’:liflerence between the number that has been asked for and that sanc- tioned is too big to be left unnoticed. We feel sure the Jevish agency must bave carefully considered the possibili~ ties of the country absorbing the 6,760 {mmigrants_before they made an ap- plication. It leaves room for querying as to why such a drastic reduction has been made in the application, and since the government has not offered any ex- planation. one wonders when it will be possible for a larger influx of immi- grants to come into the country. To attain the objective of the Balfour dec- laration in the spirit in which it was made by its author it is most essential that there shoul be a steady infiltra- tion of man power into the country. A sine qua non of a national home for Jews should be that mno restrictions should be laid as regards the number of Jews that enter the country from time to time. It is true the Palestine government has shown a changed dis- position toward Jewish national aspira- tions since the appointment of the Wauchope regime. But there is still room for a more sympathetic view to be taken as regards the question of immigration. The government announced some time ago that of the employes engaged on public works in Haifa, one-third of | the number would be Jews, but we have received no confirmation of this promise. Nor is Jewish labor engaged on public works to the same extent as the Jewish contribution to public reve- nue. It is over 18 months that the prime minister in his memorable let- ter to Dr. Welzmann made such & romise. It is high time that greater acilities are offered to the Jews by the men’. in their effort to rebuiid day was spoiled for many b public sport in their ot 028 gl 0y Iport.nn s..n&f‘” 4. C. Stegmaun, & Well- | 1 | there were violets, but with the actual | the office boy who, asked if the manager | be | From the Portland Oregon Daily Journal. pridefully thinks that he has mastered every inch of the ground. It is true that he said, “Let there be violets here—just plain, common, beau- | tiful old-fachioned violets.” But did he ever envision in half its | beauty the resulting masterpiece, where formerly an cld clay bank reared its ugly self? He said, “Let there be violets,” and | creation he had nothing to do. When | friends come around and praise the small slope he smiles in the manner of io in, replies, “What can I do fcr you! All this is in no sense a plea against planning, for planning is essential, but simply a warning against expecting too | much of.one's self as a gardener, and | especially of the possibilities of a small piace. You can't do much in a few square feet, and that is the truth. And whether the average person could do much, even if he had a farm, is dcubt- ful, because the “much” in this case | would demand a degree of knowledge which he probably doesn't possess and ;}n amount of money which he does not ave. The main thing is to be satisfled with the effect one secures, if it be well in- tended, and even half realized. This is in no sense the program of a garden defeatist. It is simply looking at the home garden as it most often is. | There are few horticultural dreams to be seen. Even places of which their owners are proud seldom show much except the tendency of mankind to bcast over nothing much. They are like collectors of small tropical fish, who, having managed to keep their pets alive and faidy healthy under the ad- verse and unnatural conditions of even the best managed aquariums, sit back | and take all the credit unto themselves. One might think they made the fich. If one faces the problem of garden planning at the low point of January, one will be able to see many matters in | their proper pefspective. One is that gardening is done for Spring and Summer, really. No matter how many evergreens one may have, or how many bushes with red berries on 'em, or what colcred boughs, the true inmates of the garden flourish in the warm season composed of the latter half of true Spring and the firct half, or even all, of true Sum- mer. It 15 for this time that the garden exists, try as hard as we may to dis- guise the fact. There are, of course, many other delights of gardening, but the real pleasures and the real beauties flourish in what may be lumped off as Summer. tltuis for Summer that we garden at all. s Even the trees delight in the hot season. The grass responds to it with proper help. Nature’s best floral dis- plays come then. While it is well to have garden out- lines, as it were, at all times of the year, mostly these will take care of themrelves if the gardener has planned well for his Summertime blooming. ‘The mixed garden of trees, shrubs, a few evergreens and many flowers against a background of good lawn still remains the best garden. It is a garden planned beforehand for the warm days of Sum- mer. ‘The idea at this time is to keep this ideal well in mind o that mental pic- | tures may be created well in advance of the actual flowering. If the gardener does not expect too much of himself, as a gardener, nor of his garden, as a garden, he will stand a better chance of being pleased when Summer comes. known rugby player of past days, Te-|parg) plied that people could not be changed by the passing of laws. He urged that the church leaders should themselves take a greater interest in the healthy zecreation and week-day sport of young people, and thus win their sympathy. In this withey would gain a real hold upon youth, who would be more easily dissuaded from desecrating the Sabbath. The attitude of the church toward healthy sport should gosmve. and not negative, he con- tended After prolonged discussion the fol- lowing resolution was unanimously adopted: “The synod decides not to urge the government to pass new legislation, but rather to concentrate attention upon | the laws already existing, and see that they are carried into practice.” * K k% Blind Men Walk to Mexico City. 4 El Universal, Mexico, D. F.—Raul Molina, & man completely blind, has just completed the journey on foot from Puebla to this capital. Another man, similarly afflicted, will arrive here in a day or two from Acapulco, and two others are sald to be on their way to| the capital from Vera Cruz and Mata- | moros, respectively. These, 100, are likewise traveling afoot except, possibly, for such transportation as may be of- | fered them occasionally by motorists acquainted with their purpose and des- tination. ‘The nature of their disability makes it difficult for them to solicit the as- sistance which otherwise would be more freely rendered, as it is im) ible for them to differentiate the vehicles using the highways, and they do not know whether there is room for another pas- senger, nor whether they are proceed- ing in a favorable direction. Motorists, on the other hand, are equally ignorant of the identity of these pedestrians when they perceive them walking along the road. These four in- dividuals, we understand, hope to better their situation in the metropolis, either by finding refuge an institution for the blind or in securing some sort of employment. Abandoning the Bunk. At an estimated saving of $300,000 to $500,000 & year the city and county of San Diego, Calif., goes on & new charter next July by which there will be merger of the duties of public administrator and coroner, surveyor and county engineer and sheriff and constables; establish- ment of & uniform constabulary to in- clude sheriff and constables, who are ex-officio_deputy sheriffs; provision re- quiring that all fees go into the county treasury; the placing of all sugerviwrs upon major commissions, including wel- fare and health; the allocating of preater auditing powers to the con- troller-auditor, who is made appointive rather than elective, Under the! new charter the grand jury and the Legislature which," for nearly a century have dictated the size of the elective departments of the coun- ty, will be deprived of that function. Instead, the supervisors are empowered to fix each year the number of county en;lpluyes, their deputies and their sal- aries. ‘There is intelligence in the San Diego action. It is example to most of the Incomprehensible. From the Ashland Daily Independent. tand why & man st t we can't why he should yery next day, | of bread going too The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. How long can this ceuntry exist with half its wealth tax free and the other | half paying sll the taxes? It might occur to the incoming Democratic ad- | ministration that here is a chance, a plan to balance the budget without the imposition of any new taxes. Just make the old taxes apply to the present tax- exempt securities. It would require an amendment to the Constitution to ac- complish this end, it is true. But the Democrats are committed to one amend- ment of the Constitution—to give us | beer, wine and liquor again—and why | should they balk at a second which | ! would have far more real and bene- ficial effect up#n the economic situa- tion? * ok kX The Secretary of the Treasury esti- mated that in 1931 there were oul standing in the United States $22,536, 000,000 securities which were tax empt, so far as the normal income taxcs and surtaxes imposed by the Federal Government were concerned. The fig- ure is probably by no means an over- statement of the situation. Here is this vast amount of wealth—and much of it belongs to men and women of great property—that is not bearing its share |of the tax burden, while the men and { women who toil in this country must pay the income taxes. Recently it has been proposed to “broaden the base” so as to make the income tax apply to | mere and more men and women of small means, as a way out of the Treasury deficit. It might occur to those in power that it would be just as well to Jevy the income tax on those who have sought to avoid all Federal income tax, | 'y | given by Dr. D. A. Thon of the Boston or a very large part of the tax i would ordinarily pay, purchesing tax-free Government bonds, Federal and State. This huge reservoir of tax- exempt securities has been a refuge to which great wealth has hurried to avoid taxes. * ok x % ‘The theory of the tax-free Govern- ment bonds, Federal and State, has been that they were necessary to pro- vide the Government with money at low rates of interest. enough in flush times, when money of the wealthy was willing to go into in- dusitries that offered greater return. But that is not the case today. More hundreds of millions of dollars would move quickly into new low-interest- bearing Government bonds today if they were placed on the market—the rich who wish to avoid taxes and to obtain what they consider safe invest- ments. The depression has made a very different situation. But no mat- ter what the reason for the issuance of tax free bonds in the past, the prac- tice which has built up such a huge reservoir of untaxed wealth in this country is not sound in theory. The sooner this source of wealth can bz taxed the better for the whole country. ke Some members of Congress seem to be fearful of tackling this problem of taxing the untaxed wealth of the coun- try. They object that it would take along time to get through a consti- tutional amendment; that the States would raise an awful howl; that the Government would have to pay higher rates of interest and so would gain Jittle or nothing in the long run. Well, the way matters stand today, it is not likely that the Government would have |to pay higher rates of interest; the Government would get the money from those who wish & “safe” investment. A few years ago a constitutional amend- ment to prevent tax-exempt ties was agitated in Congress. It got' no- where. That, however, was before the depression had settled down on this country. It may be recalled that years ago in Prance those in power sought to take all the taxes from the men and women of small means and to give ex- emption -to the wealthy nobles. The practice may have been comfortable for the wealthy, but it was not so good for the poor. Eventually the French did ;\v-y with this practice, and in a way. * ok x K & There is other wealth in this country | which does not bear taxes—very large wealth—that of the instituticns of les and the churches. It is en- tirely unlikely that this wealth will be made subject to taxes. The people have not reached the conclusion that the property of the churches or of the schools and colleges should bear the burden of taxaticn. There seems only one way in which the wealth of these institutions might be tapped, and that is through the so-called manufacturers’ sales tax. They all buy supplies. Sena- tor David I. Walsh of Massachusetts, who supported the manufacturers’ sales tax in the Senate Finance Committee last year, pointed out that this tax would reach the wealthy who today have their money invested in tax-free securities, but who buy many things, and alco that it would tap the wealth invested in churches and institutions of learning. * x X X A breeze blew in from the west yes- terday. Senator-elect William Gibbs McAdoo paid his first visit to the Senate since his election and was warmly greeted by many of his Demo- cratic colleagues on the floor. He was |on his way from California to New York to confer with the President- elect, Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose nomination he cinched in the Demo- cratic_National Convention in Chicago last June, much to the rage of Al Smith and other opponents of Roose- velt. If Mr, McAdoo has any candi- dates for the Roosevelt cabinet, he did not_divulge their names to the press. He. himself, his friends insist, has absolutely no desire to enter the cabinet, but wishes to take his place in the Senate. * K K X Mr. McAdoo_ thinks that it is more important, perhaps, to deal witlh the economic recovery of the farmers of the country than to balance the budget. He declared himself in some of his conversations here prepared to be radi- cal or even revolutionary in his attack on the farm problem, indicating that he would go to the extent of price-fixing s0 as to give the American farmer a return for his produce greater than the cost of production. Well, a straight- out price-fixing program for farm products would be easier to work and probably more satisfactory in the long run than the cumbersome domestic allotment plan as written into the farm bill now before the House. The Congress could not by law compel the American public to purchase any more wheat or cotton or pork than it wishes to con- sume under a price-fixing plan. But it could say how much the commodity was to bring—as it did during the World War for wheat. In those days the price-fixing was in the interest of the consumer and to prevent the prices high. y the boot is on the other leg. The effort is to make it possible for the farmer to get at least as much money for his crope o he expends in producing them, and a little more. Prices have gone so low for farm produce that the Ameri- can farmet has been in a terrible way for a long time. * ok kK 1f a price-fixing plan were adopted to ald agriculture, the farmers would have to judge for themselves just how much This was well | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. This newspaper puts at your disposal | & corps of trained researchers in Wash- gton who will answer questions for They have access to the Govern- ment departments, the libraries, mu- | seums, galleries and public buildings, | and to the numerous associations which | maintain headquarters in the Nation's | Capital. If they can be of assistance | to you, write your question plainly ahd send with 3 cents in coin or stamps. Do not use post cards. Address | Evening Star Information Bureau, Credmc J. Haskin, Director, Washing- {ton, D. C. | you: Q. How many forms of canoeing are there>—E. W. There are two forms of canoe- Paddling and sailing. The great- _of devotees gelong to the for this is the true rocing, whereas the other c for szi'ing skill, and sailing seems to belong to the sport that is called | yachting. ing: jer m Q. Can American radios be used in | Europe?—L. G. A. Eutop: has several important stations on wave lengths of between 1,340 and 1,820 meters, in addition to the numbers between 200 and 545 me- | ters, for which most standard Ameri- |can sets are constructed. American sets_are also_usual |on 110 to 115 volt house-light service, while foreizn services are divided among | many different voltages, mostly 220 In both these respects means of adapt- | ing the standard American set must | be provided. | Q What were the 10 “dont’s for par- | ents” published in a Department of Labor bulletin?—B, P, A. These “dont’s for parents” were Habit Clinics for Children. They were: | Don’t be oversolicitous; don't baby your children too much; don’t give your children everything they demand; don't bribe; don’t cheat; don’t make mean- | ingless threats; don't talk about or laugh at the children in their presence; don't be cold and repelling; don't be discourteous; don't disagree over dis- cipline problems before the child. Q. Who are known as the “finan- ciers” of the War of 1812?—M. T. A. Three of the principal financiers | of the War of 1813 were David Parish, John Jacob Astor and Stephen Girard. Q. A. Published statements concerning the origin of the word are not in ac- | cord. It seems probable that “tweed” is |a trade name originating in an acci- | d=ntal misreading of “tweel” (a form of twill) helped by association with the River Tweed, Q. Who was Jane Lane?—W. T. | A. Jane Lane is a character in Eng- | lish history. She rode pillion behind | King Charles II (disguised as her man- servant), from Boscobel, near Worces- | ter, to Sherborne. Thus the King was aided in making Ris escape after the Battle of Worcester, Q. Please name the 10 most impor- | tant industries—M. F. V. A. According to the 1929 census of | manufactures the industries ranked ac- cording to the value of products are as follows: Motor vehicles, meat packing (wholesale), steel works and rolling mills, foundry and machine Ahog‘prod- ucts, printing and publishing, petroleum refining, electrical machinery, clothing (women’s, not elsewhere classified), mo- tor vehicle bodies and parts, and other bakery products. . Where does Sir Rabindranath Tagore live?—K. H. A. He lives at Shantineketan, Ben- gal, India. Q. Who was the most popular baby of the White House?—M. B. G. A. Baby McKee, the little grandson | of President and Mrs. Benjamin Har- | rison, received during his grandfather’s term of office almost as much publicity | and attention as Princess Elizabeth of designed for use| Why is “tweed” so called?>—R. M. | land, or Paulina Longworth, - the Tate Bresiaent granddaughter of Theodore Roosevelt. Q. What remuneration did John Sar. gent receive for his paintings’>—W. N. * A. For the Vickers group, 400 pounds; the Ladies Acheson group, 2,100 pounds; for the Baltimore Doctors, 3,000 pounds; for the Marlborough group, 2.500 gui- neas. For his portrait of President Wil+ Wprgent received 10,000 pou: sum he gave to the British m | Cross, Q. Who were the six Senators who voted against the United States enter- | ing the World War?—R. G. A. The Senators who voted against the declaration of war with Germany were as follows: Stone, La Follette, Nor- ris, Vardaman, e and Gronna, . What is considered & good yleld of opium?—A. E. L. A. The yleld of oplum in countries where it is grown varies considerably, average being 2’4 pounds of and 4 bushels (50 pounds) of hfi 1,600 square yards. The poppy Wl produces opium is known sclentifically as papaver somniferum, a tall peren- nial poppy with glaucous foliage and blossoms which range in color from white to pink and red to purple. Q. In what yea® was there no cele- bration of Christmas in England by cfficial order?—E. E. In 1652 Parliament ordered that 1o observation shall be had of the 25th of December, commonly called Christmas day.” | Q. Please give me some idea of the | progress achievement in the shoe man= | ufacturing business—E. D. | "A. In ancient Rome a shoemaker | could make a pair of shoes in five and a half days. The shoe industry in the TUnited States has a capacity of 900,- 000,000 shoes per year. | I Q. Why is the word “club” used to designate an organization?—C. T. A. The word is supposed to be de= rived from the Saxon “cleofan,” to di- vide, a club being an association the expenses of which are shared among its members. Q. Was the book, “Robinson Crusoe,” a gat seller” when first published?— A. In the first four months “The Life and Swprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” ran through four editions. Q. Upon what grounds was it be- lieved to be to charge interest for the use of money?—sS. B. A. The Encycl la of Social Sciences says: “In the Middle Ages the prohi- bition (upon interest) was on religious and ethical principles. A loan was usually made under stress of spe= cial need for consumption purposes, and it was considered that to exact interest under such circumstances was to take advan! of a brother’s need. Indeed it was ttedly a compromise . with strict Christian tenets to require myment of the ppn;g&al ‘The doc- 1 basis of the o] to interest was found in the concept of objective value, any departure from which was looked upon as unjust. It was argued that no value could attach fo the use of a consumptible good separate from & good itself, and money was regarced. as consumptible because it could be used only by parting with it. Another argument was directed against the pay= ‘ment for time, over which no man could claim ownership.” Q. What causes the hum in tele- phone wires?—T. M. A. Humming of wires is caused by the wind. The wire has a natural fre= ition the same as a plano wind sets it to vibrating. frequency. is too low to be heard, but some of the harmonies are audible. The fundamental is given by the wire vibrating as a whole, the harmonies by the vibrating in sections; many of these are ordinarily set up &b the same time. | The opening of the new year with |/further military operations by Japan aimed at Chinese territory, especially in the neighborhood of the Great Wall, is placed among the major events of the world. There is a conviction that the military caste of the Oriental empire has serious designs on Its neighbor, and that it intends to pursue its purpose in :&l’w of limited financial resources and possibility of internal trouble due to the distress of civilians at home. Op- position is expected from Russia, though its lack of preparation for warfare is Tec . “Despite inactivity among the great powers, it is suggested that world opinion may finally check Japan. Em| the cost of “conquering Manchuria and keeping it conquered,” and the consequent condition of the Japanese treasury, the Des Moines Tribune suggests: “Every hoary and evpry new-fangled trick that anybody can think of will be used, and to the limit, to make it impossible for the Parliament to do other than accept the budget and to make it impossible for the taxpayers (Japan has taxpayers, t00) to do other than submit. The sad- dest part is perhaps this, that the hokum and hullabaloo will probably work—so well that_the victimized peo- ple will not have the sense of submit- ting, at all; they will think it is they who patriotically insist.” The Provi- dence Journal makes the comment: “Her expenses are increasing, her in- dustries languish, and it is a question how long she will be able to support her ambitious policy of Westward ho, No intelligent student of affairs can af- ford to leave the possibilities of .her advance toward the sunset unex- amined.” * ok Kk From another viewpoint, the Roch- ester Times-Union suggests that “if China ever a_united nation, obeying loyally a central government of dignity and power, it will be the black- est day in the history of Japan, for united China will be a mighty and un- beatable adversary,” and the Salt Lake Deseret News thinks that “the great war of the future, if it is to occur, might be fought with China and Russia op- posed to Japan.” The Charleston (S. C.) Evening Post, considering similar possibilities, declares: “Russia and Japan are more than likely to have a scrap before the Manchurian episode is ended. Japan is bankrupting itself to prepare for it. Russia is already bank- rupt. Nevertheless, in both countries money will somehow be found for fight- ing, even if it cannot be found for food. ‘There are many people in other nations who would, for a variety of reasons, welcome a fight between grasping Ja- pan and anarchic Russia. It is not a reassuring picture of the sanity of hu- man thoclfim processes.” “The only flash of resistance,” in th opinion of the Boston Transcr] “is the situation created between Japan and Soviet Russia by the refusal of the Japanese themselves to sign the wheat, cotton, corn, etc., they would be | Posed Those who were ] appoint; he | other very able men to the eca?flcu. elements in the De‘md ho:.mflc party. are wu ant uling aver: > cabinet Japanese Puzzle Inspires Several Possible Solutions the arrangement for ity of control of the railway from territory through Harbin to the sea. Manifestly, however, the Japanese are not about the possibility of a Soviet check on their Manchurian ope; or they would not refuse to sign this treaty.” R B Possible ambitions of Japan receive much attention. The San Francisco Chronicle offers the comment: international troops left the Boxer treaties to guard the ap- proaches to Peiping. If the policy in- dicated by this first step is carried to its Jogical conclusion, it means the Jaj anese mntggw. of all North China, in- cluding legation city which was Peking and is now Peiping.” “The burdens to be imposed by an- other year of conflict on a wider and probably a more remote front may prove in the Jong run more decisive than any military ‘triumphs’ achieved in Manchuria or Jehol or China,” sa; the New Orleans Times-Picayune, whi the Akron Beacon -Journal, recognizing the need for men, food and munitions along with billions of treasure, con- cludes that “when these ruuurifis k{:eu, The | Chicago Daily News comments: | seems incredible that impoverished Japan, while expending $200,000,000 & year on a dublous venture in - churia, should risk trouble with Russia as well as with China. But most of Japan’s policles since September, have seemed equally preposterous, sober sense is not to be expected its militarists. The Far Eastern crisis seems destined to be intensified in the 4 near future.” [ 8 * ok k% Examining the Japanese attitude, the Appleton Post-Crescent offers the judg- | ment: “We need to realize that their | nation is & unit behind her leaders in their | flat deflance of world opinion. | There are very substantial reasons for . Japan must expand or wither. She needs new land for her surplus popula- tion. She needs new raw materials of | all kinds—fbodstuffs. minerals, ofl, tim- | ber and the like. She needs these as desperately as is possible for a growing, | energetic nation to need such things. | Manchuria offers all of these things in | abundance. ~Furthermore, it is about ‘the only place on earth available to the Japanese that does offer them. The Japanese publisher says women enjof mysteries. ~ So that's 'wr.h.ym those half-empty bottles cine closet. .. ————— Thrift, From the Toledo Blade. 1 Perhaps France wants to save 3 money knows she couldn't she for another was