Evening Star Newspaper, January 1, 1933, Page 45

vented from gaining any advantage, regardless of cost, and their disappointmen{ over the American successes produced a feeling of utter hopelessness. “It was not that these Americans, as Gen. Pershing said, saved Paris, but that the sacri- ficial successes of an unknown quality—the American soldier—resuscitated the jaded spirit of the allies and vivified the will to win. As a result of these victories the soul of the allies was revived and that of the Germans chilled with despair. The effect was a double gain for the allies. From then on the Germans realized that their efforts would be futile. The British no longer fought with their ‘backs to the wall’ and the French, with Paris saved, and with reborn hope and faith in the Ameri- cans, met the subsequent German offensives with a rejuvenated morale. The last two offensives of th2 Germans were met by the allies inspired with a knowledge that they possessed a new and powerful reserve, and this knowledge was a vital factor in the final result. “The year 1918 saw the Western front in France like a huge wall of rubber, bend in five places to its elastic limit, then snap back and move northward until it rested in Rhineland. “Get out your map of Europe and note care- fully the towns of Ypres, Armentieres, Arras, Amiens, Noyon, Meontdidier, Soissons, Rhesims and Chateau-Thierry, for with these located you will be able to review intelligently the frantic efforts between March and July, 1918 of the Germans to bring the war to a successfu. conclusion in their favor. “Stopped before Amiens, after a mad rush ic March of 35 miles across the old Somme battlefield. th> German rested for a breathing spell; then, with interior communications work- ing smoothly, the puching weight was shifted in April to bend the line in demoralizing fashion along a 25-mile front farther north in the vicinity of Armentieres, the loss of Pas- schendaele Ridge gassing morale; next, on May 27, came th2 third and mightiest bending of them all and the supreme surprise of the war, in the Mame salient, “The stands of our allies in holding the first two pushes of the Germans near Amiens and Armentieres were grand, and the fourth and fifth defenses near Noyon and Rheims were superb, but it was in this third defensive in the Marne salient in June that the Marines and the 2nd Division met the Teuton at the flood and turned the tide ™ - HESE were exciung days, and the Govern- ment’s accourt ‘of the fighting of the 2nd Division, including the Marine Brigade, from June 1 to July 1, 1918, has this to say: “On June 6, 1918, the 2nd Division snatched the initiative from the Germans and started an offensive on its front which did not end until July 1, 1918. The Marine Brigade captured Hill 142 and Bouresches on June 6, 1918, and in the words of Gen. Pershing, ‘sturdily held its ground against the enemy’s best guard divisions,” and completely cleared Bois de Bel- leau of the enemy on June 26, 1918, a major of Marines sending in his famous message, ‘Woods now U. S. Marine Corps’ entirely.’ The Ameri- can commander-in-chief in his first report calls this fighting ‘the battle of Belleau Wood,’ and states, ‘Our men proved their superiority and gained a strong tactical position with far greater loss to the enemy than to ourselves.' In his final report he states: ‘The enemy THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY 1, 1938 -y = A Civil War picture of the United States Marines marching up Eighth street southeast, in jront of the Marine Barracks. having been halted, the 2nd Division commenced a series of vigorous attacks on June 4, which resulted in the capture of Belleau Wood (on June 26) after very severe fighting. The village of Bouresches was taken soon after (on June 6), and on July 1 Vaux was captured. In these operations the ZInd Divisicn met with most desperate resistance by Germany's best troops.’ On July 1, 1918, the 3rd Brigade captured Vaux. The Artillery, Engineers and the other elements of the 2nd Division assisted materially in these successes, while the 7th Regime 1t of the 3rd Division was in Belleau Wood ‘or a few days about the middle of June. “During these 31 days of constant fizhting, the last 26 of which has been defined by general headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces as a ‘local engagement,’ the 2nd Division suffered about 1,811 battle deaths (of which approximately 990 were Marines), and suffered additional casualties amounting to about 7,252 (of which approximately 2,934 were Marines). It was that fighting and thoce 9,063 casualties that first made the name Chateau-Thierry famous.” Do we appreciate the services and sacrifices of the United States Marines? Time will tell, for the press tells us it is now proposed to reduce this efficient body by 1,743, leaving the corps with 13,600, instead of 15,343 trained men in case of need. Presicent Thomas Jefferson concluded we only needed a skeleton Army and Navy, and then almost obliterated the skeleton. Mr. Jef- ferson was a biblical student, and yet he ceems to have overlooked the eighth verse of the fourth chapter of Genesis, which tells us that “Cain rose up against Abel, his brother, and slew him.” Imagine this world, with its many millions of people, peacefully getting along, when we consider that in the creation of the earth when there were but four people, one brother had to kill the other. As Grover Cleveland has said, it is a condition and not a theory that confronts us. “It was Jefferson's honest experiments,” we are told, “bequeathed to Madison, to govern without Army or Navy, and resist foreign enemies without war,” that lost the Battle of Bladensburg, resulting in the burning of Wash- ington and in humiliating the Nation. When the writer listens-in on the Marine Band concerts one of the things he likes best is that stirring piece, “The Marine Hymn." Of course, everybody knows the tune, but how many know the words? Here is the first verse: “From the halls of Montezuma To the shores of Tripoli; We fight our country’s battles On the land as on the sea; First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean; We are proud to claim the title Of United States Marines.” And the writer is sure we are all proud of the boys who have carried the American flag inte all parts of the world, and who mean so much to our country, and especially for its protection. Solving Baffling Murder Mysteries With Hair Impressions By G. H. Dacy TARTLING murder mysteries have de- fled solution and eventually went to seed because of the former impossibility of studying and identifying black hairs and fibers. Clues were available repeat- edly in the hairs grasped tenaciously in the clutches of victims who had battled fiercely in hand-to-hand struggles before their extine- tion. But the puzzles hidden in those hairs were never unraveled because of thelr dark color and opaqueness. Recently crime detection science has made spectacular prcgress in baring the bafflements Jocked in human hairs. Carlton Hood of Northwestern University has discovered that identifying rings run around hairs in similar manner to those present on tree trunks and are accurate indicaters of the age of the person. By magnifying human hairs 1,000 times or more, fascinating facts which aid in their iden- tification are ferreted. By the microscopic ex- amination of scveral hairs from your head, the crime scientist is now accurate in 99 cases of 100 in predicting your rec2 ond race, so the story goes. A new method of studying and photograph- ing the scale structure of medullated and pig- mented animal fibers and human hairs origi- nated by Dr. J. 1. Hardy of the national De- partment of Agriculture is another stepping stone in this forward march of science. The Hardy system is vitally important as it facili- tates the intensive study of black hairs and fibers whose riddles up to this time have chal- lenged solution. This latest procedure makes a celluloid impression of the hair or fiber in or- der to expedite comprehensive study. It is dis- tinctly different, however, from the practices of German investigators who have made tiny models which were nothing more than the in- verted images of the hairs under consideration. ‘Where several hairs of a Negro or black-haired criminal were the only clues of a crime, their dark color prohibited conclusive examination and -identification before this new method of study was perfccted. Now all the peculiarities of such “black mysteries” can be divulged by cleaning and drying the specimens and mount- ing them on microscopic slides of glass. The hairs are placed on the glass so that all the fibers point in the same direction, the borders of the slide being framed with several thick- nesses of adhesive tape to which the ends of the hairs are secured. Celluloid solution is poured into this frame to a level a trifle above that’ of the ‘tape border.'" The'surfdée 18 then’ scraped with a second glass slide. This frame [~ 4 2. 355 A red oil stain is used in preparing the celluloid impressions of hairs and fibers for microscopic study. prevents the rapid drying of the celluloid and also serves to press the solution about the hairs or fibers, leaving them completely enveloped. Where the ultimate impressions are desired primarily for microscopic research, an oily red stain is added to the celluloid. After the mount has dried sufficiently, the plaster is peeled off the slide, bringing with it the celluloid cast of the entire circumference of each hair or fiber but leaving the fiber or hair itself attached to the slide. In this pro- cess, a fissure is produced by each fiber on the lower side of the film. The thin sheet of cellu- loid containing the impression is next cut from the plaster frame and is placed on a thin slide under a cover glass which is bound in pesition with gummed paper. In this set-up, the sur- face of the celluloid impression showing the fissures through which the fibers or hairs were withdrawn is placed next to the slide. If de- sired, the impression may be mounted between two cover slips cemented together, in which case it is immaterial which side is mounted uppermost, ~-Where the hairs are of unusually small diameter, it is difficult to remove the celluloid cast from all simultaneously without breaking some of them. Under such’ conditions, “the fibers are detached from the slide and removed with the celluloid impression to avoid damage. Each fiber is subsequently extracted individu- ally from the film. The ends of the fibers pro- tected under the adhesive plaster can be with- ' drawn easily with small tweezers. Fibers of exceptionally low tensile strength are removed successfully in this way before the celluloid - hardens fully. Occasionaly, the fissure produced in remov- ing the hair or fiber from the cast may be a disadvantage. Under such circumstances, it is advisable to withdraw the fibers from the celluloid cast in the directiori of their root’ends, for varying distances, dependent on their strength and elasticity. Strong fibers such as human hair or horse mane or tail hair can be pulled out far enough in this manner for micro- scopic study or photographic reproduction. The variations in structure and other identi- fying characteristics of the hair or fiber im- pressions are determined eventually under the microscope. Two microscopes are hooked together tandem style by use of a comparator apparatus where known hairs are to be com- pared directly in the same field of vision with unknowns. By the supplementary use of pho- tographic attachments, faithful photo-micro~ graphs of the hairs or fibers can be made as court evidence or for scientific record purposes, Middy Skirt Easy to Make MIDDY skirt doubles tae possibilities eof a girl's wardrobe because with it today may be worn a pullover sweater, a white middy blouse, or a blouse of contrasting or matching material. And it is the easiest of all skirts to make, no pattern being required. Both camisole top and the skirt portion are straight pieces of goods, the camisole of lining material or mus- lin, provided with shoulder straps and coming down well over the hips. A white washable top is most practical, and the skirt is on a band that snaps or buttons to it so both can be washed separately. Hem the skirt, then plait it. 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