Evening Star Newspaper, July 19, 1932, Page 8

" A8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY July 19, 1832 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Crce: and Pennsy: o ce: st Lake Michigan Building. 14 Regent St.. London, ngland. nicago Offce uropean Office. Rate by Carrier Within the City. tar. ..o;. 45c per month and Sunday Star ) unde 60c per menth The Evening and unday’ Star Twhen S Sundass) ... 65¢ oer month The Sunday Star . 2% Sc per copy Collection made at the end of cach month. Qrders mav be sent in by mail or telepnone NAtional 8000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland 2nd Virginia. Dajly and Sunday.....1vr. $10.00: 1 mo., 88c Daily only + '$6.00: 1 mo.. 50c Bunday only . + 34.00. 1 mo., 40c ally and Sunday aily only Bunday only patches credited o ited in this paper and also the local 1ews published herein special dispatches herein are also reserved Britannia in Conference. To draw tighter “the silken bonds of empire.” as a British statesman of an- ! other era, Sir Wilfred Laurier of Can- ada, once termed them, the Common- wealth of British Nations assembles in imperial conference at Ottawa this week. The economic fortunes of a realm comprehending roundly a quarter of the globe's surface and a corresponding number of its inhabitants form the issue around which Britain and her world- wide dominions will hold counsel It is the first occasion since enact- ment of the statute of Westminster, conferring virtual independence upon the various self-governing units of the empire, that they, along with the crown cclonles, have coma together. The mother country meets the “daugh- ter nations” as equals all. Because of that circumstance, the outgrowth of the spirit of virile nationalism and na- tionhood among the Dominions, the Ottawa conference is fraught with del- icacy and shrouded in uncertainty as to its eventual outcome. Nationalist ambitions, _ intrenched in a self-con- sciousness unique in empire history, will manifest themselves unmistakably as soon as the Ottawa agenda passes from the imperially sentimental phase to the stage of concrete things, like inter-empire tariffs. “Buy British!” is the siogan under which Britons from the seven scas are converging on the capital of Canada. To evolve ways and means of enabling or persuading them to purchase more goods in empire merkets and fewer goods in non-empire countries is the alpha and omega of Ottawa. Mere preferential tariffs have hitherto not signally promoted “all-British” trade. They have, for example, not prevented Canada from doing the bulk of her buying in the United States, nor kept the Dominion on its part from looking upon our rich market as the most fer- tile field for Canadian products. Freights, rates of exchange, credits and the host of other conditions which en- ter into modern commercial intercourse —including the natural impulse to buy in the cheapest market—all complicate the “Buy British!” ideal. Another vi- 1al factor is the industrialization of dominions like Canada. No longer de- pendent on manufactures from the British Isles, these overseas countries have become competitors of British in- dustry and do not shrink from protect- ing themselves against it by high tariffs. John Bull's famed genius for compro- mise faces a supreme test at Ottawa. In all directions the path to the goal >t the conference—to weld the common- wealth into a more closely-knit eco- nomic unit—is beset with difficulties. Like the rest of the world, the empire on which the sun never sets is bending under depression. Perhaps the realiza- tion that sacrifice, concessions and self- effacement are the urgent call of the hour if empire distress is not to be translated into empire disaster may impel Ottawa to settle app: indis- soluble differences and place inter-em- pire business on a more solid basis than has so far been attainable. The American people havé a direct interest in events about to occur across the Northern Border. Ordinarily the United States sells around $2,000,- 000,000 worth of goods a year in Brit- ish Empire markets, & trade accounting for some forty per cent of our total ex- port volume. In happier davs Britan- nia and her daughters sell us some- thing like a billion dollarg of wares annually. As Dr. Julius Klein observed in The Sunday Star, Uncle Sam will not be at Ottawa “in per- son.” but in that spirit born of a very substantial concern in what happens there he will be decidedly among those | present. America wishes her best cus- tomers well in their effort to achieve results which can only be of world- wide benefit. .- Scnator Borah's intimation that he will attend the Hoover notification cere- monies if invited would appear to put him in the Barkis category. e New American Gliding Records. While the new American glider Tec- | ord of 65 miles made on Saturday by Martin Schempp is far short of the world record held by Gunter Groenhoff of Germany, a fraction less than 137 miles, it is nevertheless an encourage- ment to those who look upon motorless flying as an important phase of heavier- than-air development. This form of aviation is still a sport. but it is never- theless & valuable training for pilots. Gliding was started in Germany after the war as a serious means of training pilots. The Versailles treaty had re- duced Germany’'s aviation service to A negligible point, ment and practice. Soon great num- bers of motorless planes were being, flown, and from time to time astonish- ing results were recorded. It then be- came evident that Germany, despite the handicaps imposed by the treaty, ‘was developing a new generation of skilled aviators. The use of the glider, indeed, taught even more effectively than the powered plane the manage- ment of the machine by the use of the air currents themselves. In this country gliding has come more slowly to the point where it is re- sulting in preparatory aviation skill. Now )t is found that fiyers who have been through gliding apprenticeship are All rights of publication of | their | with prohibitions | greatly narrowing the scope of experi- | bie in distance flights to navigate in adverse conditions more effectively than those who have not had this experience At the present time Germany has 5,000 glider pilots of all classes. The number in this country is much smaller, but Is increasing. The present title holder is not a naturalized American and so he may not be able to claim the American distance record which he has just made with his 65-mile flight. However, close behind him in a gliding score made on the same day is Jack O'Meara, who {made 55 miles, or ten less than Schempp. O'Meara cialms the aititude record as well, having climbed to some 5,500 feet according to his altimeter. Conditions in this country are ex- ceptionally favorable to gliding. There | are many wide areas bounded by heights ! from which the machines can be sent | into the alr, with almost free choice of direction. Landing fields are numerous and open spaces are readily to be found !for landing. With these new records | as a stimulus, it may be expected that greater numbers will take up gliding as | a sport if not a means of practical| | tralning for air service Mr. Garner's Job. Nomination cf the Speaker of the House for their vice presidential candi- date has raised a problem for the Demo- {crats. Usually the party candidate for President has been left to deal with the | nominee of the Republicans for Chief Executive; to set the pace and make | the issues in the campaign. But this | year's Democratic nominee for Vice President takes a different view of the | situation. Arriving at Dalias, Texas, the Speaker told an admiring throng, “I can |deal with Hoover.” He added. “I #m big enough, considering his weakness.” | | It begins to look as though Mr. Garner's | | concepticn of this campaign places him |in the role of defeating President Hoover. Just where Gov. Franklin D. Rocsevelt ,of New York, the Democratic presiden- | tial candidate, fits into the picture re- imains to be developed, at least in Mr. i Garner's mind. | Perhaps the prodding of Mr. Garner {into the principal Tole of the Demo- | cratic national campaign is, after all, { just & Republican plot. Some of the | G. 0. P. would be delighted to have | Gov. Roosevelt swap places in this | campaign with Speaker Garner. For. no matter what Mr. Garner may think about the matter, these Republicans do not believe that Mr. Garner is quite ! big enough to take care of President Hoover. And there may be some Dem- ocrats who have a similar suspicion. At any rate, there is a growing in- clination on the part of other Demo- crats in Congress to wish that their | vice presidential candidate would not | undertake to set himself up in the ! public eve as the whole Democcratic | | party in the National Legislature. They | remember the reaction of the country | to the flasco in the House over the tax i bill when it was reported by the Ways | and Means Committee and the Speaker | was accused of seeking a deep dug- | out until the fracas was over. They re- | member his leacership on the economy | bill, which petered out in the House and | had to be revived in the Senate; his fight to have the Government make | Joans to individuals, and the cold chills { Tun down thelr backs when they think | of the reception he may get in a sec- | tlon of the country which casts the| | greatest number of electoral votes. | But Mr. Garner seems to be prepar- !ing for an active campaign, if the re- | ports from Texas are correct. Just | where he is to speak has not yet been |announced. However, he intends to | make himself heard, and unless all signs | fail the Republican press intends to give him full opportunity. The Speaker will be sixty-three years old at his next birthday, soon after election day. His| | years sit lightly upon him. He can fiit | i about the country without great strain. | Whether he will condescend to lock horns with the present Vice President. | Charles Curtis, who is his opponent at | the polls, remains to be secen. Mr. | Curtis, by the way, notwithstanding the i fact that he is nine years the senlor of | | the Speaker. is no slouch as a traveler |and campaigner. Four years ago Mr. Curtis, without undertaking to declare after he was nominated that he him- self intended to take care of Al Smith, the Democratic presidential nominee. | | proved effective on the stump. Mr; | Curtis, like Speaker Garner, had been | | aspirant for the presidential nomination ,and had landed in second place. Mr. | Garner may find, after all, when the | | campaign is going strong that he will| | have his hands full just handling the |G. O. P. vice presidential candidate [ who also hails from the wide open ! spaces of the Middle West ey e | Speaker Garner is possibly trying to {emulate in his relation to President | Hoover the position of the statesman | of the seventies who declared in a let- ter that he was a “biger man than old Grant.” | 2 ———— Gov. Roosevelt will perhaps con- tend that even if President Hoover de- clined to confer with him on the St. | Lawrence waterways project he actual- Iy hastened the signing of the treaty by his tender of services. i | S i Third Degree Dangers. Mineola, Long Island, has a case of police third-degree brutality under con- sideration which may bring about some drastic punishments and perhaps the opening up of inquiries in other parts of the metropolitan area where police practices are from time to time under | suspicion. A man who was charged with having beaten and robbed a voman was so savagely maltreated by policemen that he died. It so happened that the woman was the mother of one of the detectives of the Mineola police department, a fact which un- doubtedly caused the application of more than ordinary force in his “treat- ment.” He was put to the question for eight hours at police headquarters last Friday and died soon afterward After an inquiry in court, in which testi- mony was given to indicate clearly that the prisoner had been brutally handled, thirteen policemen were suspended. The police deny the use of extraordinary methods, but specific testimony has been given by three fellow suspects of the dead man, who bore evident marks of their treatment. No definite finding has been made to fix the responsibility. Washington had an experience of this kind some months 2go, when & number of members of the police department ‘were accused of having maltreated pris- oners. Some of these cases falled on prosecution, Some of the accused men ‘were droj Apart from the specific penalties im- j ods of handling prisoners | expense. THE EVENIN posed in the cases where brutality was established, the general result was wholesome. It was clearly established that torture to extort confession would not be tolerated. Other citles have had the same experience. Apart from the factor of personal grievance, as in the case of this Mine- ola affair, where the mother of one of the policemen had been injured by the prisoner, there is a feeling on the part of policemen that the crooks, the foot- pads, the robbers—in fact, all of the criminal class—have the advaniage in court, however strong the circumstan- tial evidence against them may be. Assured themselves of the guilt of the prisoner, they proceed to obtain a con- fession from him if possible. But this confession may be worthless. Indeed, there are many cases where it has been ignored by the court on the ground of having been obtained by duress and torment. The courts have come to look with suspicion upon acknowledgments of gullt secured by the police without witnesses Who are not members of the organization. In some cases the third degree is im- posed without the striking of a blow. There are many instances on record beyond the chance of falsity where ac- cused persons have been put to mental torture, leaving no mark. A notable icase occurred here some years 8go where a Chinedd accused of murder was subjected to a psychological torment which was ended only when he con- fessed. He was convicted, but after- ward the conviction was set aside on the ground that the confession was forced. The question of the guilt was never satisfactorily settled in that case. There will probably never be & com- plete cure for this evil. But it must be Tesisted, for there is great danger that the processes of law, already weakened by the numerous advantages given to accused and indicted persons in the form of delays and appeals and tech- | nical tricks, will be further undermined by the application of barbarous meth- ——v— The bus companies that are now ask- ing for an extension of time for the provision of off-street terminals appear to ignore the fact that they have had many months in which to obey the Commissioners’ orders. A tardy peti- | tioner for mercy has a poor c - Amusement goes into every properly kept home budget as an item of regular The public is seriously con- sidering whether it can afford such ex- pensive screen stars and the picture players are wisely taking a tolerant atti- tude toward the suggestion of & pay cut. 1t Mavor Walker gets his reply to charges before the Governor by the end ;o[ the week, as he now expects, Mr. Roosevelt may find that he has just Janded from the Myth to face a very substantial fact. B Plans for the development of Ana- costia Park are now to be studied, prob- ably on the assumption that by the time the work is to begin the area will be free of its present unofficial occupants. ————- Report that Al Capone is negotiating for the famous 101 Ranch in Oklahoma suggests that his next appearance in public may be as ringmaster of & wiid West show. SHOOTING STARS. —oe— - BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Spontaneity. It's lucky, maybe, that the blossoms never get 80 wise That they can go to school and learn the way to botanize; For, if a little flow'ret lightly swinging by the brook Could know the names they call it in a scientific book. And if it realized that its especial charm was due To an old, familiar pattern upon which its petals grew, And if it knew a pharmacist perchance the rigiat would claim To boil it down and bottle it beneath & Latin name— 1f all these things about itself a blossom small could know, You'd scercely blame it if it simply quit and wouldn't grow. Arduous Sport. “The only objection I have to golf.” sald Miss Cayenne, “is that it some- times becomes a trifle wearisome.” “But vou don't play the game.” “No. But I have a friend who talks about it continuously.” Downtown Talk. “I squandered quite a sum of money yesterday.” “Business or pleasure?” “Neither. Consented to fill out a table at my wife's bridge party.” Tce. New, much surprised and not at all amused, ‘We wonder, as we quarrel with the Fates, That such a precious substance e'er was used For idle pastime by a boy on skates! Relations. “What is your opinion of our foreign relations?” asked the patriotic citizen. YThey don't do you any good,” replied the local politicien. “What you want is a lot of relations right here in your own country that'll vote the way you tell 'em to.” Obliging Disposition. “Are there any bears in these woods?” asked the stranger. “Not yet,” replied the resident. “But we're going to do our best. The next time a circus comes through here we're going to take up a subscription and buy a bear or two just to satisfy the Summer boarders.” Unjust Discrimination. The frog can always find a pool; The duck is happy, as a rule. But boys—alas, the fact seems grim! Lots of ‘em have no place to swim. An Offhand Suggestion. “A man is fortunate when his wife regards him as a man whose wisdom can always be depended on.” “Yes,” replied Mr. Growcher, “but that confiding faith can be carried too far. It's embarrassing to have your wife tell the company that dinner will be fifteen or twenty minutes late and that while they are waiting you-aill explain from the department. all about the tariff and banking snd moral. Passion and assassination were currency.” G STAR, WASHINGTO THIS AN BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A garden offers few more interesting sights than the opening of the blos- soms of the Oenothera or Evening Primrose. This is one of the few flowers the gardener can catch in action, actually unfolding its petals visibly. | Blossom opening, with most flowers, is so slow that the eye of man cannot see it. He who would await the unfurling of a gladiolus bud, for instance, in- variably is disappointed. | The process is so gradual, without visible motion, that he becomes tired. The Evening Primrose, however, is distinctly a flower of another color in this respect Not only does it open up its flowers 50 that the actual opening can bc seen, but it very nicely does it on schedule. Recentdy the flowers began ning every evening exactly at 7:35 o'clock. About 15 minutes was required for | the unfurling of 30 or more blossoms, | each about 3 inches across. ‘This motion is one of the most ap- parent in plant life. Even such things as the so-called “Sensitive Plant.”| which draws up its leaves on being touched, is slow in comparison with the cpening of these primrose blossoms. The color is the pale. perfect yellow of all the members of the family. The flowers have four petals, held in a roll, somewhat smaller than the little finger, by a series of green bracts, or_whatever the guards are called. ‘These meet over the end of the blos- soms, through which, as dusk comes on, | four ‘small yellow affairs protrude, like | nothing in the world so much as the | horns on a snail's head. | It has been many a year since this | writer studied botany, so no attempt Will be made hete to name the various | | parts of this flower. Even when we | studied flower life, we had quite a time. s we recall, in keeping the various flower parts named accurately. We were forever getting “stamens” and “anthers” and the like mixed up. Most people do. After all, it is possible to leave exacti- ! tude, in such matters, to those who | make such things their business in life The average gardener can enjoy his | flowers just as much, no doubt, wheth- er he even knows what a petal is He may be an expert at actual flower handling, without once bothering his head about names and definitions. Surely an observer requires little spe- cial knowledge to enjoy standing in front of an Evening Primrose and watching it open its blossoms as if they were on springs. Since this will happen each evening during the blooming season. at exactly the same time, he can even make & sort oi “date” with his flowers, The first Indication of the grand opening comes as suppertime arrives for many human beings, at 6 o'clock. ‘Then small edges of pale yellow will appear. But that is all. No motion is as yet visible in the blossoms or stems. That will come later. { The anxlous visitor, who has been teld about this floral oddity. will imagine that the blossoms are going to “do their stuff” shortly. They are not, however, and he might as well go back and enjoy his dinner. There will be plenty of time. No one can hurry Nature, not even the most impatient person. Nature works according to her own schedules. Let her alone, and she will act in her own unhurried, ruthless fashion. There is & sort of ruthlessness about her, even in the unfolding of a quartet of pale, yellow petals, which, at the exact moment of final opening, exhale a puff of lemon-like fragrance. ‘The anxious onlooker, new to | i | the Excerpts From Newsp: TIARIO DEL COMERCIO, Bar-) ranquilla: One of the daily papers published in the capi has reached our desk Wwith timely comment upon the con- struction of a modern aqueduct. There is no question that Bogota needs this I aqueduct, and the editor of the paper, | Dr. Jorge Vargas, with his usual valor {and independence. confines himself largely to a discussion of where, when and by whom the artificial channel should be constructed. The organ cited, with discriminating | phrases, calls attention to the fact that | the prescnt proponents of the enter- | prise are Nicolas Camargo Guerrero, a | relative of Dr. Patino, ths mayor of | Bogota, and also a close kinsman of the secretary of the municipal govern- ment. and the German contractor, Senor Horck. From this it appears that it is the intention to award the con- tract to another German firm regard- less of previous unhappy experiences with such concerns. The article de- clares further that the dealings of the country with the Julius Berger Kon- sortium, and the Hugo Stinnes Gesell- schaft, on other contracts. should make it more wary in its dealings with for- eign contractors. We agree with Dr. Vargas that gov- ernment contracts should be awarded as far as possible to our own people. If we are not as well equipped to exe- cute them as some alien enterprises may be in the matter of experience and equipment, these are defects which will never be remedied among us so long as we continue to give the work to outsiders who, naturally, are not so | vitally solicitous about its proper per- formance as native interests would be. The awarding of contracts for mu- nicipal or national improvements should also be entirely free from the taint of any personal bias or advantage upon the part of government officials. * x ok % Higher Standards Seen on World Stage. Corriere Della Sera, Milan: The sixth international congress of the §. U. D. T.. (Societa Universale del Teatro) is continuing its sessions in the Sala dell’ Opera, at Rome. Signor Severin, secretary of the National Union of French "Artists, addressed the assembly | upon “The Mission of the Theater. Signor Severin alluded to the difficulty encountered by the union in adopting uniform qualifications in every country for membership in the organisation, and the still greater difficulty in finding ac- cord in the basic principles and ruling ideals which should goverr and animate ! the industry. At present the theatrical profession | occupies 2 high place in the public | esteem, but this is not surely an emi- | nence from which it cannot be dis- | lodged and the profession is continually | beset with controversies from both | within or without as to whether the| theater and the screen are beneficial factors in the soclal scheme, or a lure | and menace to the public and particu- larly to the juvenile public. It is claimed for the theatrical in- terests that they purvey what the peo- ple seem to want; that highly moral and edifying plays and pictures have reccived usually scant patronage. No class of performance is’ batter attended | than what is called the “varieties,” | though these medleys, in the aspects of the theater generally criticized and repudiated, are far more risque and offensive than any scene or episode of | the legitimate fi'm or drama. Censor—(‘ ship in all countries determines ulti- mately what can be shown to the spec- tators, and perhaps this is the best manner of solving the perplexing prob- iem of standards in what may be pre- sented. A play that would arouse in- tense antipathy and disgust in one land, may sometimes be shown with yeflect impunity in another. The ef- lects for good or ill of such spectacles or allusions depend entirely upon the characteristics of the audience. ‘The histrionic masterpieces of bygone | centuries, prior to the year 1700, for Instance, were not essentially chaste or | | | the themes of most of them, and yet Highlights on the Wide World 1 is true, were, during these days, held in 'urge for develcpment of the nature of | ownership of equipment, repairing ma- N, TUESDAY, D THAT n o, game of primrose watching, will return from time to time to see if “anything has happened yet.” Nothing at all has happened. ‘Those puds look as tightly furled now as they did half an hour ago. The visitor begins to lack faith. Maybe they won't open tonight. He locks at his watch. Half-past 7 o'clock. Not a petal has stirred. Darkness is just beginning to fall over the gardens. The mysterious graying of the sky, combined with the intensified green of | the grass, heralds the short approach of true darkness. Even the great moon, ready at any instant to break into glory over the tops of high-flung trees, cannot stop the deepening of twilight. One turns suddenly toward the blos- soms, hoping to caich them at it a minute ahead of their stated time, de- creed for them since the beginning, and apparently never to change. He looks in vain. Mnture will not let them change. Long ago she said, evidently, “This is the time you must open. There is no need for anxiety on your part. Do not move until you feel the urge, and then move for all you are worth! The watch shows 7:34 o'clock. Surely one of them will attempt to “sneak something over” on a comrade by bursting into petals a few seconds ahead of the appointed time. But one still waits in vain, Nature’s children know she is a stern mother. She has said, for some mys- terfous reason, that 7:35 is the appoint- ed time, and neither man nor bud shall hasten her by so much as a second. ‘The black hand creeps slowly toward the very second— When all-of-a-sudden & visible tremor shakes one of the branches. | Flower No. 1 is about to open, ladies | #nd gentlemen! ' This way, for the opening of Flower No. 1, the way-shower for 30 or more! ! See the slight branch shake, as the petals begin to unfold. | Click! | You can almost hear it, as you can surely see it. as the first petal un- sheathes itself, while the long green bracts begin to loosen their hold A second petal makes a scarcely audible sound, as it slithers open The entire flower is now in commo- tion Plop! It is the snapping backward of the two long bracts, immediately followed by the almost instantaneous unfurling of the remaining two petals. The stem quivers, as the petals give themselves a final shake into openness. The flower is open. It is alive, and you know it, because you have seen it move itself It has achieved this feat in about 30 seconds, with a precision which will be repeated, with ght variations. from now on until the entire plant is clothed with pale yellow. First one bud and then another starts to open. Seldom do two open at the same time; a strange floral eti- | quette seems to require that each blos- | som stage its own show, and that the remainder remain quiet until it gets through, For the next 12 or 15 minutes the flowers open one by one, now here. now there, first on one level, then on an- other. It is an unusual sight, one which no | owner of this plant should miss, but | which. unfortunately. many do_fail to see, owing to one thing or another. If vou have a primrose plant of the right | variety, first discover its cpening time. | and then be present at its subsequent evening “coming-out” parties. apers of Other Lands the crime of those periods was not| traced directly to the stage. Actors. it | more or less contempt, and considered lacking in moral fiber, but perhaps not otherwise degenerate. or dangerous in thelr proclivities. These present days. however, are so fraught with struggle | and competition, even apart from the | crisis, that only artists of competence | and character can survive in the pro- fession The theater no longer afords an easy. luxurous iife, but rather one in which the very best of 1al- ities must be engaged. seem to be conscious of a and comport themselves with dignity | and virtue. | | | o ox o Honolulu Observes National Boys' Week. Honolulu Advertiser —Honolulu ushers in a week of unusual importance. Boys week and National Music week will rub | shoulders for popular favor. Perhaps | Boys' week is the most important. The | future of the nation depends in a large measure on the coming to manhood of | the boys of the present perlod. What | our boys are. in a certain sense. they | will be in manho-d. But what they will be in menhood depends in equal measure on what we make of them now. The whole week will be given up to activities in which boys will take the principal parts. Health, religion, in- dustry. citizenship. home life. education. fillal sflection. and the building of the | city cf Honolulu will be suggested as the | y adult human being. man or| woman, realizes that the foundation of their present life and action rests upon | those principals which were inculcated in the formative period cf their educa- tion. What was learned at the mother’s knee, like the roots of a plant, has given spirit and directicn to what has followed. “The boy is father of the man” is not an idle saying. It is a fundamental truth. To be what you wish to be—that is the most important seeed in the heart of the boy. History shows that the wish has its answer. not cnly at the apex of individual progress, but on the sundown slope of life. Boys’ week! It signifies the threshold of mortal life, at least. Standing on that threshold the boy decides what his future is to be. Success or failure. which shall rule? Philosophers tell us that right thinking guides right acticn. If the boy begins by thinking right he will end by doing right. A week is a short time in which to form a credo of life, but what is formed then may form the style and fashion of the architecture of the individual person- ality that is to get its way through the | puzzle of human existence. T e Farm Management Pays. Prom the Rockford Register-Republic. Farm management improvements have produced average gains of $1.265 a year for six years in the net incomes of 25 Central Illinols farms, the Uni- versity of Illinois Agricultural College reports. Included in the first group of “pay- ing practices” are: Fitting machinery to particular farm needs, co-operative hinery at home in slack periods and! avoiding an excess of power and labor. In the second group immediate in- creases in income were found possible through using high yielding seeds, test- ing seeds for germination, growing higher-profit crops and “forming the habit of timeliness.” Paying practices that require more time or expense include using limestone where needed, keeping much land in legumes, providing good drainage. keep- mxh-pmdudn( live stock and using tific erop rotation. e —e— The Careless Bird. From the Rutiand Daily Herald. It is & fine idea to keep out the unfit. Now if only the stork could be taught the knack. | ever of re| | still lingers over the scene.” JULY 19, MONEY FOR TOMORROW. By W.E. Woodward, author of “Meet Gen. Grant,” etc. New York: Liveright, Inc. “I hope to God nobody enjoys read- ing this bcok.” Not a chance, Mr. Author; not one even without that plous foreward of caution. The title alone is warning enough. For in the full kit of mi- ties under which the world is stsgger- ing there is no cther il 50 widespread, s0 devastating as that of money gone sick upon its way under attacks of individual rapacity, ignorance and ulti- mate self-destruction. 8o if this were a story it would be one of glocm throughout. But it is not a story. It is fact piled upon fact, pictures snapped from the camera of truth. It is de- scription, exposition, analysis, all bent to the task of delivering business in jts nakedness to & 100 per cent business world. And the one god of this world is_money. Now money i a man-made job—a botched and bungled job. it appears. An idol set up as other heathen in other | times set up their gods of brass and stone. But the world has moved on a little, and just maybe this practical sge can render less than utterly disastrous some of its mistakés. Certainly what- gnu or renewal is made must be mede by man himself. we get busy with finding out, somewhat definttely, where we are today, for to- morrow 1s on its way. are thousands of. guides, all eager to point the path, the right ome. But hardly shall we come upon one whose eyes are keener than are this man's, whose thinking is straighter, wh-se words are simpler or more to the point whese courage is sturdier. a clearer background for the disclosures made by him. We are reminded first of the tre- mendous fact that we are lving in new world, an amazing new wor which we are meeting with a stock of old Iideas; in most cases out- worn ideas. Hardly conceivable the extent of dislocation, of malac justment, of delay, of loss possible catastrophe rising from situation. Clearly sclence, selectin few men as its agencies, has cutstripy: the mass; has, in effect, contributed to the temporary confusion of the whole, to the temporary disaster that broods upon the world. America developed, quite naturally, what is known as “the money-making mind.” Developed it from Plymouth Rock and the Pilgrim Fathers, orig- inally, in their hard contacts with New England hardships of climate and soil and privation. Necessity sourced this now familiar capacity and gift, spread- ing it gradually outward with the growth of the country. A jealous pos- session this, that allowed but scant room for social sympathies toward the less gifted in its own line. From it came the tribe of self-seekers, hoard- ers, men of avarice. Within it lay the seed of the money king. of the finan- cial magnate, walting for the time when the earth should ripen to his harvesting under the magic of scien- | tific discovery and the magic oppor tunities of industry and the trans- formation of politics to economies as the instrument of government. And government itself became under this writei's accounting a _plutocracy. an oligarchy of rich men—Iless than a hundred, 1’ think he counted—as the rulers of America. Are these the of- ficial legislators> Oh. no. They are the silent influence behind the laws, so silent that audible speech is hardly heard. So, according to this man, the “demos” of which we boast and are vaguely proud as having something to do with classic Greece when the world was young, “demos” hardly exists as a ghost even. In the place of the people is a handful of rulers whose present this instrument of actua! government 18 here very succinctly set out in a true biological treatment of its ances- try. its growth. its development in power—end then! ‘The present state of the United States. the present depression. takes an | adequate share of this writer’s time In its accounting there is a reorienting of economics. This science, if it be a science, has moved on since Adam Smith, in the vear of Bunker Hill, wrote “The Wealth of Nations” around a social ble relation to the present nor to the conditions existing in this country and with which the country is so_deeply concerned. “Many of Adam Smith’s jdeas have been dropped because of their obvious senility. Yet his spirit Not in- frequently upon this foundation of “obvicus senility” have false prophecies of hope and cheer been made. with “business cvcles” figuring happily =s bespeaking a turn for the better, to- morrow, next month, next vear. Just about all water. that “cycle” theory, cording to this author. But it has served a heavy turn lately. Govern- ment officials, Anancial magnates. uni ersity heads, the whole whatnot of ac- accredited knowledge and experience within the field. these have without exception forecast a speedy release from the great depression “There is a lot here that we. the aver- age. want to know, must know. A deal about work and wa abcut values that are real snd values that are sou- rious. just make-believe values. And “fictional money”—we must know about that, since it has a power of effect upon industry. in_which we are partners. so they sav. with the leaders in industry And the story of banks—perhaps the high point. just now, in this ccncrete specimen book of case and cause and effect. We can remember. easily. when a bank of standing was s impregnable to forces of evil as were the gates of Heaven itself. But, just now. read this chapter on banks. Not for fright, but for understanding. And the whole matter leads by manv routes, all direct, to the subject of capitalism. Then, just at the topnotch of interest, news rushes in that capital- ism has had a “stroke,” something like paralysis to its overwrought nervous | system. And just the other day we were reading of an economic conference wherein capitalism was analyzed and defined as the soundest, sturdiest, most enduring system that had yet been “devised by man.” Yet, capitalism, it appears, is itself ailing. “After the Depression—What “The Pirst Thing to Be Done"—these ere the looking forward chapters after a thor- ough survey of the present situation in all of its outstanding aspects and fea- tures by a competent man and a highly intelligent expositor. Two chapters of constructive outlock frcm the ground- work of knowledge set by Mr. Wcodward from a fair estimate of the extent and nature of the demand upon the people, all of them, to restore something of hope and actual opportunity to the citizens of this country, incidentally to the citizens of all countries in this pres- ent neighborhood of a world. “The First Thing to Be Done.” I start- ed to tell you Mr. Woodward's pro- gram, so that you. if agreeing, might go right to work. Then, I thought better of it. Sure to start up more controversy, and just now the hullaballoo of talk, | mostly political, would merely drown this very sane and sage advice beyond attention, below rescue. Radical? No, not at all. A trifle suspicious only be- cause it is so straight, so appealing to what is called common sense, that one just naturally edges away from it. Who wants common sense! But the two last chapters of this book, provided the ones leading to them are well in mind, offer a program that can at least be followed because of its complete clarity, that can be accepted because of its practical soundness and simplicity. Here follows the foreword to “Money for Tomorrow' The thing that numbs the heart is |dunned our debtors. On the contrary, | pororedy “siruc this: ‘That men cannot devise Some scheme of life to banish fear That lurks in most men’s eyes. Pear of the lack of shelter, food And fire for Winter's cold. Fear of their children lacking these— 80 suppose | Oh, yes, there | No one with | pped stem that bears no discerni- | Any reader can get the answer to any questions by writing to our In- formation Bureau in Washington, D. C. ‘This offer applies strictly to informa- tion. The Bureau cannot give advice on legal, medical, and financial mat- It does not attempt to settle do- mestic troubles, or undertake axhaus- tive research on any subject. Write your questions plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and en- close three cents in coin or stamps for return postage. The reply is sent direct to the inquirer. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Wash- ington, D. C. Q How many home runs has Lou Gehrig made?—G. A. L A. He had a tof credit when this season opened. 1In 1923, he made 1; 1924—0: 1925—21; | 192616, 1927—47: 1028—27; 1920— 135, 1930—41; 1931—46. Q. If a tenor sings a soprano solo does he sing at the same pitch as a i»womln does, or is his voice lower? —N. M. A Following natural and mathe- | matical laws, the tones of the female voice are an octave higher than those of the male. Therefore a soprano solo sung by a tenor is rendered an octave lower than the notes as they are writ- | ten. Q. Why are some churches given names ending in “minister”? M. A. The word originaly signified the church of a monastery or convent. Q. Why is tury?—A. A, A. The first century included the |years 1 AD. to 101 AD. The sec- ond century therefore began in 101 and each succeeding century bears the number of the year in which it will be completed. Q. How long is an elephant con- sidered young?—T. F. A. The Burmese, who are much ac- customed to breeding elephants, say that the term of life is approximately 150 vears for normal elephants. The period from birth to 25 years is con- sidered infancy and extreme youth: from 25 to 35 years immature period: 35 to 45 years full-grown period; 45 to 50 years middle-aged period: and 50 to 60 years and over period of old age and decline. Q. On which syllable are words in Esperanto accented?—W. B. A. In the plan followed in building words in Esperanto the accent was placed always on the syllable next to the last 1 Q —S. A The Chinese celebrate the New Year, ending with the Feast of Lan- terns; Spring Festival, celebrated with kite-flying; Summer Holiday with | Dragon Boat Festival: Autumn Holi- day or Moon Festival, observed by cating moon cakes and as an occasion for family reunions; and Midautumn Holiday or Festival of High Places. Q. Which was the first state to have a State board of charities?—N. H. A. Massachusetts. whose board was crganized in 1863 at the suggestion of Samuel Gridley Howe, philanthropist and reformer. | Q@ When will the armillary sphere be placed in Meridian Park, Washing- ton, D. C.>—C. C. | A No definite plans have been made for placing the armillary sphere in | Meridian Park. The complete casting | hes not been made and a base must be | constructed. It will probably be put in | place this Fall. It will be located in the lower garden on the main axis of the park at the center of the exhedra. | An armillary sphere is a skeleton sphere ) | What are the Chinese holidays? {dem of government is capitalism. And |consisting of rings which represent the | Palace at Venice. principal circles of the celestial sph et ‘Eumpean D ere, ebt | i i | With much uncertain s made by European nations on to the United States, the itude toward Germany at the Lausanne Conference is applauded here. | It is insisted, however. that the repar- | ations reduction should have no effect on the stand of Americen diplomats. who insist on the maintenance of Eu- ropean obligations. | The New York Sun sees “r hopeful | scheme for passing the buck to the | United States " but advises that while “this Nation may be expected to give | sympathetic_hearing to any reasonable | request, it has mo intention of lifting burdens from the taxpsyers of debtor nations simply that it may impose them upon its own taxpayers” The |Omaha World-Herald analyzes the | problem with the statement: “Literally | millions of Americans are bowed down !under a burden of debts they are un- able to pay. What of them? Shail Yhey be denied any measure of relief while generous forgiveness is extended the nations of Europe? More then that, shall European debts be forgiven only to be piled upon the shoulders of American taxpayers, who will have to pay them if Europe doesn't? Obviously, When it comes to another revision downward of the war debis there is oing to be trouble. If the consent of the American people is to be won to it there must precede it a radical reduc- | tion of Europe's wasteful expenditures | for future wars. And then, after that, {there must be a clear and definite | showing of ‘Inability to pay’ even then, coupled with plain evidence scaling downward will be to our own | advantage as a member of the family of nations that must rise or fall to- gether.” as to agree- he { | | * ok ok X “If the allies’ debts to the United States.” thinks the Spokane Spokes- man-Review, “were taken out of con- sideration, a5 they must be taken out, the French would not have given that meager settlement consideration. Then | why was France won over to accept- ance? Manifestly with hints or_secret promises from MacDonald that British diplomacy would next be turned upon the United States for cancellation of the allies’ debts.” “Congress and the American people.” advises the Philadelphia Evening Bul- letin, “must be prepared to face. not a demand for cancellation, but in duc time a request for ‘adjustments.’ When the request is made it must be squarely viewed in all its relations, and Ameri- can policy formulated in national as { well as international interest. Nobody = going to ask us to do more than ap- | ply the old, settled principle of capacity to pay to the present position of the debtor countries.” The Indianapolis News believes that “a fair conclusion is that what was done in reparations is finel,” while the Boston Transcript de- | clares: “It is clear that Europe awaits | some sort of proposal for straightening out the trouble. Americans are in- i clined to ask, What sort of proposal do they expect us to make? If the debtor powers of Europe are in such a situation that payment of their debts. or of interest on them, has betome an impossibility, whatever prcposal may be | due in the case, should, it would seem, in the analogy of private affairs, come from them. If they should make one, it would undobtedly be considered by our Government in a friendly spirit. Mr. MacDonald also says that ‘no one has a right to blame America for tak- ing up the attitude she has done.’ We do not ses how any one could reason- ably blame us for that. We have not ———————————— This, in a world so old. Where man has lived o long, so long, Finding n¢_way to share The bounty of a world so rich That none need suffer thers. tal of 234 to his this the twentleth cen- | W. that a | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN. such as the Equator, the Ecliptic, the Tropics. | Q. How is the Office cf Education divided into departments?—V. W. The following is a partial list: Administration: research and {nvestiga- tion, (a) colleges, (b) Amer.can schow systeme, (c) foreign school systems, +@> special problems, ‘e) statistical: editor- ial; ilbrary; service; general surveys. Q. Does it cost more to keep old pen- ple in alms houses or to give them old- age pensions”—W. S. H A. It has been estimated that an alms house inmate costs $300 a year or more, and that the cost of old-ar- pensions is considerably less. Q. Did Edwin Austin Abbcy, the artist, beccme a British subject?—J. D. A. Although Edwin Austin Abbey lived in England for many years and died in London, he never gave up his American nationality. Q. What is the fee or allowance to a lawyer for acting as executor or ad- ministrator of an estatc?—M. F A. It is different in various Stat In the District of Columb‘a the amount of fee, or allowance, to a lawyer acting as executor or administrator cf an estate varies with the amount of the esta.e. Five per cent is perhaps an average. 'Q What is the largest number ¢f Marines that the United States has had in Nicaragua at one time? How many have been killed”>—E. B g Am During the Amer In Nicaragua there were, at the peak July 11, 1928, 5,365 Marines and 456 naval officers and men Twenty-seven x‘:a:‘:.x]nd:s h:vessbeen killed, 15 died of e ang were wour P wounded, but not an occupation Q_ Was John Hancock, the signer of the Declaration of Indepsndence, a ri the Declaration of Iidepshdence, a rich A He was given a Harvard educa- tion. then associated himself with his uncle. Thomas Hancock, who made him his partner and heir. John Hancock became the most successful and one of the wealthiest merchants of Boston Q. What was the first newspaper printed in a guage>—R. T A. The Philadelphia Zeitung. Ben- Jjamin Franklin established it in 1732 Q. How long are the Mississippi Missourt Riversopr 1y, oo oiPP! and A. The two rivers are sometimes spoken of as the M which includes the mileage from the scurce of the Missouri to the mouth of the a distance of 4,220 miles: source n is 2945 miles . while the Missi sippi_alone, from its source in sota to the Gulf of Mexico, is on. miles in length. Q. Where is Washington's conch exhibited?—N. N A It is no longe Q. What cereal other than chicory is used in coffee?—J. N. C. A Tee may be aculterated by add- ing any cne of a great many materials, such as ground peas, beans and A great many people use appr 50 per cent coffee and & 50 per combination of beans and chicory . What were the names of the horses ridden by Napoleon and by the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Waterlco?>—L. S. A. The Duke of Wellington was mounted on Copenhagen. which he al- ways rode. Napoleon rode his favorite mount, Marengo. Q. What is the largest oil painting in the world’—H. R A. It is Robusti’s “Paradise.” This | painting, done cn canvas. 74 by 30 feet in size, occupies one whole wall in the ball of the grand council in the Ducal Jacopo Robusti is " better known s Tintoretto American foreign la state N existence. cent Diplomacy Riddled by American Public has evinced a disposi- 'm every chance.” * our Governme! tion to give * x “Premier MacDonald.” observes the Birmingham Age-Herald, “took pains to make its clear that the powers were not thinking of an ultimatum when they de- cided to make the Lausanne business hinge for its effectiveness on American action. What was done. he argued. was merely to Europe’s house in order. ‘Before any country could go to America, the European nations bad to examine their own households which never had been examined before.’ he asserted. In other words, Europe had first of all to know wrat its condition was and what the various p repared to do by way of improving that condit fore any representations could be made to Washington. That was the correct program, whatever terrors it m: aroused on this side of the water.” “Actually France hes rel! de rather than mone; e at for there was no money in sight of the Oakland Tribune i cago Daily News offers the comment: “What has been done at Lausanne pared the wa a remeasurement a_ spirit of justice an of each_debior nai ca what a'ready it has agrexd t the scaled-down war debts o to this country. The examn! those nations in measuring Ger capacity to pay in the 1gtt of present conditions properly can be followed in the case of each of them.” ok x “The policy of the United States | should be to budge a little. but not much,” according to the Sioux Falls | Argus-Leader. while the Fort Worth Star-Telegram holds to the opinion: “There is an important part to play in the matter of international debt and reparation settlements. The matter will not be settled by the United States on any probable basis of involved merits. We are not a participant in world af- fairs. We are enacting the role of & house by the side of the international highway. but instead of being friends to mankind we might as well distinguish the house by hanging three gilt balls over the facade. Whatever our majority intent. that is the opinion the other participants in internationalism have of We are justified,” says the Sche- nectady Gazette, “in ftaking a modified position against debt reduction—name- 1y, that if Europe comes to us with clean hands, having taken steps to reduce its outlays for war, then we are willing to negotiate, but not until then.” This view in general is voiced by the San Antonio Express, while the Baltimore Sun re- ! marks: “Our politicians have for years urged Europe to ‘set her house in order ‘That is just what she is trving to do now, and if there were fewer imbeciles and self-seeking politicians in the world she could do it without having to resort to the tactics of foxes and weascls.” The ewark Evening News concludes that he war debts cannot be paid in full, and that is bad news, but not calam- | itous news.” | _The effect on Hitler's influence in Germany is emphasized by the Cincin- | nati Times-Star with the statement: | “Up to now Hitler’s victory at the polis | has been freely predicted, but the out- | come at Lausanne considerably lessens | his chances. No doubt one purpose of | France's conciliatory policy at Lausanne | was to checkmate the obstreperous Fascist. Lausanne opens the door of economic independence to Germany. It | restores to her control over the Reichs- | bank and the federal railwayes. It gives ture a new base. The | three-billion-marks bill that was handed | her does not appear to endanger her | material or spiritual recovery. If it does prove a danger, paymeni will not be | demended. What more could Germany Irntonlbly hope for in the circum- stances?”