Evening Star Newspaper, June 20, 1932, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.........June 20, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 1 and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Offce: 14 Regent ., London, England. ~ Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Evening Star....... 45c per menth e Evening and Sunday (when 4 Sundays) . 60c per month e Evening and Sunds 65c per month c per copy (when 5 Sundays) . The Sunday Star 5 i Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone Natioral 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. -1yr., $10.00: 1 mo., 85c 1yr, $6.00: 1 mo’, S0c ¥T., $4.00; 1 mo., 40c Siar lv an 1yr.$1200: 1 mo.. $1.00 aily on] T1yr. $800i 1mo. 3¢ anday only 151, $5.00; 1mo. S0c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively cutitled o the use for republication of all atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local news rublist rein All riehts of publication of &pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. Ready for the Final Push. ¢ When Congress entered today upon what will probably be the final fort- night of an historic session, the Senate was settling down to earnest work on what will be the major achievement of that session—the “reliet bill.” ‘The relief bill has been proposed in various forms and by various men. In the House it was sponsored by Speaker Garmner, passed after a party caucus that eliminated possibility of any pro- longed discussion, and sent to the Sen- ate accompanied by a blast of criticism, from the President on down the line, because of its many obvious defects. In the Senate the measure now under- golng the first stages of discussion and amendment has been sponsored by Senator Wagner of New York as com- panion to his $300,000,000 loan to the States for direct relief of suffering and distress, already passed by the Senate and sent to the House. The Wagner bill now before the Senate has been substituted for the Garner bill. It meets more generally with the approval both of Democratic leaders and with the administration, though there are sharp differences of opinion yet to be ironed out—principal among which, perhaps, is whether the money to be loaned by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to public and quasi-public bodies for expenditure on “self-liquidat- ing” constructions and other enter- prises may also be loaned to private i industry for capital outlay on equip- ment, remodernizing, etc. The admin- istration favors this latter principle, but while it was advocat>d before the com- mittee, it was stricken from the bill ‘when it was reported. Another fight impends over such amendments as those proposed by Sen- ator La Follette, who would superimpose upon the bill a $5,000,000,000 bond issue, the proceeds from which would be distributed as loans for the construction of highways, elimination of grade cross- ings and other enterprises. Senator Norris would increase even this amount. The total expenditure proposed by the Wagner bill amounts to $2,000,000,- 000. One and a half billions of this amount would be loaned by the Recon- struction Pinance Corporation, while the remaining five hundred millions would be utilized to continue the Fed- eral building program already author- ized. Much of the jockeying for amend- ments during the next few days may take the form of attempts to encumber the bill with as many senatorial pets in the way of favored State projects as can get under the ropes. But the various shades of opinion or details of this measure are of relative insignificance when viewed against the background of the measure as a whole. It represents the final heave by Uncle Sam to pull himself out of the depres- sion, and no matter what the bill looks like when it is finally enacted, it will be the greatest pull yet made. ‘Whether this effort of Uncle Sam is directed at his bootstraps depends upon personal opinion. It has been referred to by critics of such economics as “spending one's way out of debt” It remains that it does represent the choice between two broad policies. One policy is to do nothing and to let nature take its course. The Wagner bill puts into effect the other policy. As it is restricted credit that accounts for the depression’s continuation, the theory of the Wagner bill is to stimu- late, not by psycholegy or applied Coueism, but by the expenditure of actual dollars, the flow of credit. Fig- ‘ures have been cited by Senator Wag- ner and others to indicate the extent of the manpower to be brought into action by the construction of projects planned, the quantity of raw materials to be demanded, the jobs that would be given. If lack of spending has ac- counted for the depression, the theory of the bill is to enforce spending and in a degree and by a method that in normal peace time would be considered Teckless. It has been sald, in truth, that a war would “end” this depression because of the huge expenditures involved. This ‘Wagner bill proposes to deal with the depression in much the same manner that the Nation would be dealing with war. But instead of spending the money on munitions of war, the money will be spent on more lasting enterprises. ‘Two of its most important feitures, which by all means should be retained, are these: First, that the projects se- lected should come under the head of “self-liquidating” enterprises, those things expected to yield a return over the years to come. Second, the money is not being given away by the Federal Government, but loaned on good se- curity. are preserved, the pork barrel will be avoided and the chances of the law ; for success will have been immeasurably brightened at the outset. ———————————— Bocial considerations have become so prominent in convention formalities that it might be proper to have some one officially appointed to pour tea in the gallery, ———— Cutting Down Vaoations. ' Many injustices and many mistakes are being committed im the name of economy. There is grave injustice and & great mistake in making of the econ- omy bill, designed as an emergency measure, the vehicle for such perma. nent proposals as cutting in half the If these two essential conditions | Everyone sympathizes and readily agrees with the need for drastic econ- omy and for the enaction of even harsh decrees and restrictions during the emergency. It is unsound, unfair and wholly inappropriate to legislate by this method for the indefinite future and to make permanent such a strange about- face in Federal employment policy as that represented in the leave-cutting edict agreed upon by the economy bill conferees. As the employes point out, the Fed- eral worker must count against his annual leave those hours away from work caused by delays, over which he {may have no control, by slight illness j Which cannot be taken from sick leave and for the errands that are dictated by emergency. Granting that strict rules must be enforced to prevent malingery by a minority of employes so disposed, such regulations should be enforceable without penalizing and depriving the vast majority of honest, faithful and hard-working men and women of ymuch-needed vacations. That these things have obviously not been given any serious consideration and that the annual leave reduction is made perma- nent instead of temporary, raises grave doubts as to whether the leave-cutting proposal was sincerely conceived at the outset as a necessary form of economy. It smacks much of a desire on some- body’s part to inflict another injury on the already overburdened and defense- less Federal workers. - ———— The Democratic Home Stretch. One week before the Democratic rennial convention the delcgates have all been named but those of Indiana. A convention is being held in that State today in which thirty votes are at stake. The Roosevelt management confidently expects that those thirty votes will be who is the outstanding candidate for the nomination. A tabulaticn of con- vention delegates has just been com- piled, including Indiana in the Roose- velt column, which gives him 691 votes, or seventy-nine less than the number necessary to nominate, under the two-thirds rule. There will be 1,154 votes in the convention, 770 being necessary for a choice. A majority will be 578. If the Roosevelt strength is as it is now computed by his managers they would be in a position to vote for a change of the rule to permit nomination by a majority., But it is one thing to count votes for a nomination and an- other to count them for a departure from the fundamental rule of selection, which has governed in the Democratic party for a century. Hence the pros- as in the past and will name a candi- date for the presidency by the two- thirds method. It Gov. Roosevelt has now assured 691 votes for nomination he will start the fight in greater strength than did Champ Clark in 1912 or McAdoo in 1924. They were the leading candidates for the nomination in those years. both failed of selection. Twenty years ago Clark received 440'2 votes on the first ballot, 104! short of a majority and 285 short of nomination. The sec- ond place in the balloting was held by Wilson, with 324 votes on the first ballot. Clark reached a majority vote on the twelfth ballot, when the New York delegation swung over to him, giv- ing him 556, twelve more than half and 170 less than the number necessary for nomination. In 1924, at New York, with a much larger field than that of the Baltimore convention of 1912, McAdoo was leader on the first ballot with 4313 votes, 98 short of a majority and 278 short of nomination. He never reached the ma- Jority point. Nor did his “runner-up,” Alfred E. Smith, gain the nomination, as did Wilson at Baltimore in 1912. The choice fell upon John W. Davis, who started with 20 votes on the first Lallot. ‘The “stop Roosevelt” movement may galn momentum after the first ballot, which scatters votes liberally among favorite sons. The Roosevelt manage- ment claims that the trend of these favorite-son votes will be in the other direction, toward the leading candidate. ‘The fight during the coming week will be for these votes, for Roosevelt and for some other candidate now in the fleld or for a dark horse. enthusiasm are needed. Grabbing ban- ners and stepping into a march used to suffice to suggest a moment of sublime elation, but the process has grown a lit- tle familiar and perfunctory. e Chile’s Revolutions. Chile now has to its credit three revolutionary manifestations within two weeks, and the end cannot yet be sald to be in sight. The fluctuating struggle for power between Senor Carlos G. Davila and Col. Marmaduke Grove has for the moment terminated in the for- mer's favor, but life at Santiago seems to be just one junta after another, with Davila on top today and Grove replac- ing him tomorrow. On Saturday night the force of which Col. Grove once was chief, revolted on his behalf against the Davila junta. The army remained loyal to the Socialist regime and now is in nominal control of the capital and the situation in general. This is the position at the beginning of the week, but today is only Monday. Foreign interest, especially in the United States, in what eventually oc- curs in Chile is concerned with the government’s eventual policy toward alien property. Senor Davila is clash- ing with the Grove faction because the one-time Ambassador to the United States is opposed to confiscation on Communist lines of the vast foreign investments in Chile. It is the Davila program to put the country as rapidly !as possible on a thoroughly socialistic basis, but in bringing about that trans- | formation he bids the world “to have confidence in us and we will merit that confidence. Peoples of all foreign na- tions can depend on us.” For the accomplishment of his pur- poses, which the outside world must hope are as conservative as Senor Da- vila portrays them, he claims the Chilean army and “all other armed forces” are loyally at his disposal. South American conditions being what they are, the aid of the Chilean mili- tary and naval establishments is indis- pensable for the maintenance of stable government at Santiago. Evidently the navy looks askance at the con- spicuous role the army is playing in bulwarking the Socialist junta. The party meets in Chicago for its quad-! won by the Governor of New York, | pect is that the convention will proceed | They | New forms of expressing convention | mand for the election of a new Presi- dent as soon as convenient, to super- sede the Davila rulership. It also THIS AND THAT claims the right to be a separate unit, | with its own place in the cabinet under 2 naval minister, instead of being in- corporated within the ministry of na- tional defense. It was in the Chilean fleet several }munf.hs ago that a Communistic out- {break flared up. Col. Grove, who is now in counter revolution against the | Davila Socialist Junta, enjoys Com- | munistic support. | obviously bristles with complications and controversies that presage plenty | of turmoil before the fruits of the revo- jlution against President Montero on | June 9 shake down to anything savor- ing of finality and hormality. Recog- nition by the United States, which is ardently desired, is certain to be with- \held as long as rival revolutionists are | battling for ascendancy. e Outlawing Matrimony. Much is to be said, of course, in favor {of spreading available employment to s many persons as possible by guarding against a condition that will permit | tWo or more members of the same fam- ily to occupy Government positions while another family, as wholly deserv- ing of employment, is deprived of any work. But the provision in the econ- omy bill that provides, under certain conditions, for the dismissal, first, of the husband or wife, when both are employed, is capable of causing actual and needless loss to the Government. If arbitrarily carried out it conceivably could result in outrageous injustice. | There should certainly be a modifying clause that would rest discretion with some such agency as the Civil Service Commission as to whether the regula- tion is to be enforced. If a skilled woman worker in the Federal service is married to & man who also happens to be a skilled worker in the Federal serv- ice, it does not follow that the value of the services of either is lessened, nor should their relationship affect their status in the Government service. That 'status depends upon ability, and not upon matrimony. Circumstances may alter cases, and | for that reason no such measure should be arbitrarily drawn. Provision should be made for thorough investigation by !a distinterested agency, and action in | each instance should be based on reason !and common sense. ————————— History will not record Mr. Rocke- | feller as the man who threw a monkey- | wrench into the political machinery, | but there may be some reference to him as the one who tossed a bung starter i into an afternoon tea. EEse S Present duties will claim the undi- vided attention of President Hoover. In the opinion of his supporters most of | the important details of the campaign have already been conclusively at- | tended to. ——— If special music must be provided for the bonus marchers, & program might include in addition to “Home, Sweet Home” that favorite with the late Bert Williams, “All I Get Is Sympathy.” el s S S There is perhaps an inclination to go too far in regarding a convention as an amateur occasion, with the galleries ready to take charge of the entertain- ment. ——e—e. Personal presence of Mr. Seabury will i be a powerful influence in preventing any reckless attempt to introduce pri- | vate finance into any point of the Chi- | cago proceedings. —re———— Speedy recovery from his indispo- sition may be predicted for Speaker Garner. A national convention is usu- man. ————. George Washington is still recognized | as first in war, in peace and in the hearts of his countrymen. But for the moment he is modernly eclipsed as the star of the great American drama. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Encores. Politics— ‘The truth to tell, With all its tricks, We love it well. ‘Want still more, And so we say “Encore! Encore!— ‘Without delay!” Even then, If both should flop, We won't say when It's time to stop. 1t great or small Should disagree— Put in a call For number 3. Three Toples. “What do you expect to say in your next speech.” “I shall have three great topics,” sald Senator Sorghum, “Washington, Lincoln and the man I am expected to boost as a candidate.” Jud Tunkins says alcohol and to- bacco are both naturally impolite. Some people don't pay any more at- tention to the eighteenth amendment than they pay to a “No Smoking” sign. Much to Be Said. Debates will be extended Till many days are done. You may think a speech is ended When it’s only just begun. Activity. “Do you think we should have younger men in high office?” “I see no reason for it,” answered Miss Cayenne. “A high official should have an active mentality, but there's no reason to expect him to dance or play foot ball.” “He who fears the future” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “as- sists the God of Unlock by planning disaster for himself.” Hard-Working Machines. ‘When the delegates raise that mighty roar, It will rattle us more than the roars of yore. I can take it with fortitude, I know, But what will happen to my radio? 5 If a delegate’s threatening rude alarms, ‘Turn him over to the sergeant at arms. T ask no care for my personal woe, But please have mercy on my radio! l “Everybody wants peace,” said Uncle Eben, “but too many of us thinks we mnugl jeave of Federal employes, sallors bave come forward with ®-dee Kin @it #-by Woreatenin’ tropblel-. ’ ‘The whole situation j ally a reliable tonic for every states-!R. |, Those who contemplated the bloom- {Ing of the glorious Regal lilies in their gardens recently yet may have won- dered whether these fine flowers are exactly worth the price which the late Dr. Wilson was willing to have paid for them. In the expedition during which he brought a quantity of the bulbs from the mountains of Korea, “Chinese” Wilson, as he was known to his as- sociates, suffered a broken leg, which, with a subsequent infection which set in, threatened his life. Ts any flower worth so much? Some may ask this with perfect sin- cerity, since the Regal, while a mighty fine thing, is scarcely any better than great lily family. One will not decide in the negative, however 1s worth any price at all, even death. One of the major troubles with the world today, one may think, is that great enthusiasms seemingly have gone out of style. Is it possible to contempiate, for an instant, the superb enthusiasm of the Christian martyrs for wnat they be- awful pressure; and then to feel that a like state of mind exists in the world today? Enthusiasm is a trait which modern men and women display more readily in regard to the smaller things and affairs of life. Such enthusiasms are a step in the right direction; that is what makes them important. In a society where even small crazes could not be worked up the outlook would be indeed hopeless. * than polite toleration, therefore, upon the vast enthusiasm 'of young people for certain actors and actresses, certain writers, certain well defined move- ments. Far more valuable than the work of the individual concerned is the under- lying trait of enthusiasm which the ap- plauders displ If and when these enthusiasms can be turned to the more mature affairs of life, and especially in the direction of that social justice which has been the ) undying dream and inspiration of civil- man since the beginning, there is 10 telling what might come of them, at least indirectly. In the meantime perhaps the best average men and women can do 15 to make a great deal of such hobbies as they may passess. Hobbies, properly regarded, are main- sprines of life. cent hobbies, no matter how trivial they may seem to others. The point to remember is, no mat- ter what some one else may think, that one’s proper enthusisams are very ne | essary and very dear. Whether it be motor cars, or postage stamps, or gardening, or aquaria (we prefer aquariums. as better English), or politics, or what not, our enthusiasm is sacred, in a sense. There was an item published the other day about a gentleman in the Midwest who collects books about golf He has several hundred volumes and aims at securing as many more. We know a local gentleman who col- lected books on the ancient game of chess, only he never got his name in the papers about it. He has today one of the finest chess Libraries in Washington, if not in the world. No, he is not a particularly good player; it takes more than books to make an expert * ok % One of the noble features of any whole-hearted enthusiasm, even the en- thusiasm of hobbies to ride, is the spirit of learning which accompanies it. BY FREDERIC CHICAGO, June 20—Chicago is broke and Mayor Tony Cermak will be in Washington tomorrow to see if he can touch the Reconstruction Finance Corporation for something like $36.- 000,000. The city’s urgent needs are considerably more than that, but if the F. C. will help out to the extent named, it will at least enable the empty treasury to pay thousands of employes whose wages are in arrears, including $23,000,000 owing to public school teachers. Altogether, Mayor Cermak will tell the R. F. C. moguls, Chicago requires $81,000,000 to meet her bills for 1932, but if she can get $36,000,000 or thereabouts, that will tide over immedi- ate difficulties. The mayor will make his appeal in Washington at the head of the Citizens’ Committee on Public Expenditures. He will present a tabula- tion of “pressing necessities” worked out by auditors and accountants. Mr. Cermak and his fellow suppliants will say in effect that unless Federal aid is granted, the great metropolis, second biggest in the country, will simply have to go out of business and hang up the bankruptey sign. The plight of the un- rald school teachers is the saddest feature of the situation. Gen. Dawes was besieged, on his arrival in Chicago Saturday, to say whether R. F. C. funds are available for loans to cities. He in- dicated that special permission of Con- gress is required for such purposes. To National Convention visitors Chi- cago's impoverished condition presents a strange paradox. Externally the city reveals every aspect of affluence. Mich- igan boulevard and lovely sky-line, especially when aglow with light at night, seem to reflect a community basking in invincible pros- perity. The great “outer drive” along Lake Michigan is jammed with endless streams of automobiles. The long stretches of bathing beaches are alive, day and evening, with apparently care- free crowds. The loop, with its myriad of theaters and picture houses, throbs with life. Hustle, Chicago's prized characteristic, is visible on every hand. All these things may be mere super- ficialities and surface indications which hide real conditions like 700,000 unem- ployed, but they make it difficult to be- lieve that the Jewel City of the un- salted seas is busted. * x % % Gone forever are the days when Chi- cagoans boasted of their stockyards, their skyscrapers and the other purely material things which were the stock in trade of “booster” times. Now they point with pride to the Field Museum, the Adler Planetarium, the Bucking- ham Fountain, the Shedd Aquarium and half a dozen other objects of sheer beauty and educational value which Dbublic-spirited citizens have bestowed upon the community. Chicagoans are grateful that all these boons were be- queathed before depression came along to deplete the fortunes of even the city’s richest families. Some of the benefactors, whose names are attached to these glorious monuments could not dream of such lavish philanthropy to- day. In one eminent case, a great mu- seum project launched by a pre-1929 multi-millionaire has had to be defi- nitely abandoned. The estate out of which it wms to be built and main- tained is in the red. * * ¥ ¥ Jouette Shouse, chairman of the Democratic National Executive Com- mittee, officially planted the party's banners in Chicago during the week end. There is some doubt whether the Kansan-Kentuckian arrived thus early in the game for political or for equine reasons, for he turned up just in time to attend the American Derby at Wash- is Shouse’s passion. considers it a lucky omen -that he backed the winner, and thus assured at least his advance week’s board and lodging bill. Shouse is saying nothing about the convention fight, in which he will be the central figure, soon Alur.me | ! a number of cther fine varieties of the | if he recalls that enthusiasm | lieved, their inflexibility in the face of | It is necessary to look with more | | One should never be ashamed of de- its incomparably | BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘There is no status quo in enthusiasms. No “as is” bounds them. The desire to learn more about some- thing or other is the base, as well as the very peak, of a true hobby. Happily such a man finds himself in the position of him who “knows more and more about less and less,” as some one with a keen sense of humor once said. The astute gentleman who coined that phrase meant it the other way 'round, of course, but it may be used in reverse. The enthusiast soon realizes that he knows less and less about more and more. More, not less, is what looms on his bright horizon. He puts the accent where it belongs: he becomes humble in the face of 'what yet remains to be known. ‘Thus an entire new face is put on an ancient virtue, Humbleness means lowly; it comes from the Latin humilis, lowly, from hu- mus, ground. (It is interesting to the student of words—and every reader is that—to note that this latter word, hu- mus, survives in English, unchanged in | spelling, but has taken on a particular | meaning, that of vegetable mold or (organic material broken down. Most | of our humus today is secured from old | lake bottoms.) There are two general definitions; one having a low estimate of one’s own importance, the other of modest pre- | tensions, * ok % % Which of these facets one shall se- lect depends, in the last analysis, en- | tirely upon the type of mind which a human being possesses. There is quite a difference between the two. He who honestly has a low estimate {of his own importance is a different sort of man from him who is of modest pretensions. | The latter simply recognizes the truth about himself. ~Within his recognized | limits he may have a very high esti- mate of his own importance. There can be no doubt in the world that St. Paul. after his conversion, was a very humble man, but no one can read his writings today and not feel that he regarded himself at his true worth, to put it mildly. A great man, with a sublime enthu- siasm, he had pretensions modest | enough for a Christian character. One may think today that humble- ness, of the right kind, still offers & man a sort of sanctuary from govern- ment by propaganda, from ballyhoo |and the eternal “blowing one’s own horn,” so prevalent on every side. And humbleness may be learned, not only by precept, but by actual experi- ence with a good hobby, an everyday | enthusiasm of the type so many human beings put to such excellent use in | building character, not for display pure | Poses, but for everydsy use and enjoy- | ment! To enjoy life as one goes along— that, too, is something upon which propagandists, from ancient times, have put their own special interpretations. | But there is another way to look a nd that is from the philosophy of on sense. By .the decent and aboveboard use of right enthusiasms, even if but small hobbles, a man may teach himself much, both in the way of learning and in living. And no man is quite yet the phi- losopher to state positively which of these angles is of the most importance to us. Both wisdom and living are facets of one thing. Life is dual, not single, as some fondly Believe. Man neither lives to eat. nor eats to live, but both; he does not live to learn, nor does he learn to live, or even to | die, so much as he accomplishes both | at the same time, and becomes a better man because of his divine striving for perfection in the face of his imperfec- tions. CHICAGO OBSERVATIONS WILLIAM WILE. | Walsh is to be permanent chairman. If demeanor counts for anything, the national committee executive is se- renely confident that his case is in- vincible. The issue of Gov. Roosewelt's loyalty to a pledge is at stake in the effort to unhorse Shouse. On its out- come the New Yorker's presidential fate may depend. * X % x | If you believe in signs, Albert C. Ritchie of Maryland is going to be nominated by the Democrats at Chicago. That is to say, the Ritchie boomers | have pre-emptéd some of the best ad- |vertising sign space in the city and | plastered it with huge red, white and | blue billboards of conspicuous dimen- Isions and bearing the slogan “Win With Ritchie.” One particularly well placed sign will stare squarely in the face every conventionite who proceeds to the Chicago Stadium in an automo- bile. It cccupies the Jackson Boulevard corner, around which is the principal approach to the convention hall. Who- ever planted “Win With Ritchie” at that strategic point was a good picker of sites and a convention psychologist. * ox ok % At this early writing, Franklin D. Rcosevelt’s prospect of becoming the | Democrats’ candidate for president is regarded at least a 50-50 proposition. The Governor's foes already on the scene admit it is going to be hard to deny the nomination to a man who will enter the convention with as much and as sectionally widely distributed strength as the New Yorker has. A non-Roose- velt man thinks it may be the Gover- | nor's name that will put him over. What | charm it possesses Wwas recently dis- | closed by the response of a voter to a presidential prefcrence poll conducted |by a Western newspaper. “I think,” he said, “that Gov. Roosevelt would be every bit as great a president as his father was.” Some authorities believe | the Governor’s physical disabilities—of which the Chicago convention will hear | loud whispers—instead of being a cam- | paign liability will turn into an election asset through the sympathy vote they will evoke. * ok ok % Messrs. Raskob, Shouse and others in the present Democratic high command expect to retire or be retired as soon as the convention is over, but there is one National Committee luminary who ranks as the great indispensable. He is Charles Michelson, the astute pub- licity director who, for three years, has been front-paging the Democratic party in a manner never before known in the history of a political organization languishing in the wilderness. Charley’s contractual obligations end with the nomination of the 1932 ticket, but no one here thinks the Democrats will commit the blunder—whatever others they make—of losing Michelson’s serv- ices. He is due here tomorrow. * k * % Gov. Smith’s arrival this week will pep up the situation with a bang. There is a strangely large number of people in Chicago who think it is a mistake to eliminate Al as the conven- tion’s ultimate choice. Smith’s princi- pel objective is to stop Roosevelt. If he can do that, Manhattan's idol, his cronies say, will not care what hap- pens, even his own nomination. * k% % The Democrats have shunned the “B” floor of the Congress Hotel, where Republican National Committee head- quarters were set up, and pitched their tents two flights up, appropriately on the “D” stratum. The idea is that it is farther away from the lobby and freer from the milling mobs that al- He | ways clutter up a convention. Alfalfa Bill's Bill. From the Oklahoma City Daily Oklahoman. It will rush the cotton growers to get the | their crops cultivated in time to vote for Gov. Murray's bill telling them how [} The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. CHICAGO, I, June 20.—The new Republican National Committee, in ad- dition to having & new chairman, Everett Sanders of Indiana, has a lot of new members. One of them is Post- master General Walter F. Brow1 of Ohio, a master mind in the Hoover campaign for the presidential nomina- tion and election in 1928. Unless all signs fail, Mr. Brown will have a very important and influential part in the campaign this year. For a long time it was believed that he would be elected chairman of the National Committee. Two things were against this. First, Mr. Brown did not want to take the job and leave the cabinet. Second, be- cause of his persistent and effective efforts to bring the G. O. P. to stand for revision, if not repeal, of the eight- eenth amendment, Mr. Brown had come to be looked upon with disfavor by the dryer Republicans. Now he is a mem- ber of the National Committee, how- ever, and in a position to wield much influence in the committee and on the “The. ‘5&% has been for a national committeeman in Ohio o serve two terms and Maurice Maeschke of Cleve- land completed his allotted span this year. It was arranged that Mr. Brown should take his place. All of which | fitted in with the picture. Ohio is to | be a real battleground this year, and what Ohio does in the National election may settle the presidential contest. Mr. Brown will have much to do with the campaign _there, and he is particularly I effective. Perhaps the most quiet-spoken |man in the cabinet, Mr. Brown has & way of getting things done. * X x % Senator Fess of Ohio, when he retired Thursday night from the chairmanship of the Republican National Committee, | took with him the respect and regard of the members of the committee. He | took the chairmanship to help serve the | party when Claudius H. Houston was forced out of the chairmanship after revelations before the Senate Lobby Committee. He had been chairman of the Congressional Campaign Commit- tee while he was a member of the House. He was, however, particularly anxious to get back to being just a Sen- questions without having to consider that what he said would be attributed national organization. Among the veterans who this year | go off the Republican National Com- | mittee 1s former Senator Charles A. Rawson of Iowa, Bascom Slemp of Vir- ginia, former Senator Willlam A. Jack- | son of Maryland, Louis Liggett of Mas- | sachusetts and Bert M. Thurman of Indiana. * ok x * “Tieless” Joe Tolbert of South Caro- lina, who for many years has carried | around in his vest pocket the Repub- | lican party in his State, is out after a | fight, and so is Mrs. George 8. Wil-| liams, national committeewoman from | Georgia. They both went down in the effort of the administration to “clean | up” for the Republican party in some | of the Southern States. Both went down fighting. Mrs. Willlams sought to have a contesting delegation seated, a delegation which would have re- elected her. Tolbert did the same.| He had greater success with the Na-, tional Committee than did Mrs. Wil-| liams, but the Credentlals Committee | backed up the administration and! threw him and his delegates out. * % x % Roy O. West, national committeeman | for Illinois, is probably “out.” He has! been a victim of the resurgance of the | Len Small, “Big Bill” Thompson and kindred spirits in the Republican set-up | in Illinois. Small is the Republican | nominee for Governor. He has been backing Frank L. Smith, elected Senator | in 1926 but denied a seat in that body. The Illinois delegation to the Repub- lican National Convention found itself unable to elect a national committee- man. The delegation deadlocked over Smith, West and Gov. Emmerson. If Emmerson and West forces had com- bined they could have defeated the Small, Smith and Thompson alliance. Now the election of the committeeman goes to the Republican State Committee. That committee is expected to be dom- inated by Small and his friends in favor of Smith. Mr. West. who was Secretary of the Interior in the Coolidge | administration, has been national com- mitteeman for a number of vears. He has been a leader in the Deneen fac- tion here. | * X X The changes in the make-up of the Republican National Committee give the administration a stronger grip on ft. With the election of Hoover delega- tions to the National Committee this was to be expected. Up in Massachu- setts, for example, John Richardson, one of the original Hoover men, suc- ceeds Louis K. Liggett, who did not stand for re-election. Richardson de- feated William M. Butler, who managed the Coolidge campaign in 1924. Butler had been talked of for chairman of the Republican National Committee to suc- ceed Fess. But when he was side- tracked for Richardson it was at once apparent that he was not in the run- ning for the chairmanship, * kK % x Clarence C. Hamlin, national commit- teeman from Colorado for a long time and one of those who sought diligently to bring about the nomination of a vice presidential candidate other than Mr. Curtis, has been retired from the committee and former Senator Law- rence Y. Phipps has taken his place. ‘The Phipps faction in Colorado Repub- lican circles came out on top in the fracas there this year. Other changes in the committee include the substitu- tion of John E. Harris for Glenn B. Skipper in Florida, Senator Bronson E. Cutting of New Mexico for Edward Sargent in New Mexico, William Stern for Fred J. Graham in North Dakota, Ernest Bamberger for Harold Fabian in Utah, Mark E. Reed for R. W. Condon in Washington and E. H. Rasmussen for A. E. Lathrop in Alaska. * % x There have been no changes in the District of Columbia’s representation in the Republican National Committee. Edward F. Colladay remains as national committeeman and Mrs. Virginia White Speel national committeewoman. Frank Hithcock is national committeeman for Arizona and apparently is back in the political game strongly, from which he seemed to have dropped out for a few years, * ok k% Mrs. Mabel Walker Willebrandt, who ran the prohibition enforcement end of the Department of Justice as Assistant Attorney General, took a prominent part in the vice presidential fight in the Republican National Convention. She was a delegate from California. She is credited with having helped to engi- neer the shift of Pennsylvania’s big delegation to the Curtis standard at the psychological moment, giving Mr. Curtis the nomination. * ok k% Everett Sanders, who has stepped into the chairmanship of the Repub- lican National ittee, did a good {fb as sergeant at arms of the Repub- can National Convention. The night session at which the prohibition plank was discussed and a upon needed a strong hand. There was a gang of wets from Chicago in the hall, some of them wearing assistant sergeant at arms’ badges, who were ready to start trouble if there had been any weaken- ing on the part of Chairman Snell or the sergeant at arms’ force. Mr. Snell, however, kept his temper and his head. The only really untoward event of the convention was the handling of former Senator France of Maryland, sought to address withdraw his own nomination and to suggest that Calvin Coolidge be placed in nomination. A little more sober thought would have resulted in permit- ting France to have his say. What he said would have had not the slightest difference. If there had been any real to stampedd the conyention for ator of the United States from Ohio, | free to speak his own mind on public | to the President or to the Republican | ginia, Mrs. Ellis A. Yost of West Vir- W | ment. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. The resources of our free Informa- tion Bureau are at your service. You are invited to call upon it as often as you please. It is being maintained solely to serve you. What question can we answer for you? There is no charge at all except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address your let- ter to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. GQA Who named the dirigible Akron?— A. The U. 8. S. Akron was named by Secretary of the Navy Adams in 1930. She was named after the City of Akron, ©Ohio, where she was built. Q. Which of the principal countries of the world zre now on the gold stand- ard and which ones are off 7—J. A. Y. A. Germany, France, Italy and the | United States are now on the gold standard. Great Britain, Scandinavizn countries, some of the South American | countries, Mexico and Japan are the prinicpal countries that have gone off of the gold basis since 1929. Q. How long have the desks been in the United States Senate chamber which are in use now?—L. B. A. They have been there since 1859, when they were brought from the Su- preme Court room, which was formerly the Senate chamber. Q. How many museums are there in this country?—B. S. E. A. There are about 1400. Many of {them have be.n _:blished in the last | few years. ‘Lne total amount of money invested in public museum buildings in lll,;(x ‘;:):Eil 10 years is estimated at $103,- Q. How do American gasoline ta: compare with those in Europe?—N. A. They are extrem . Florida charges the highest tax, 7 cents. Prance about 14 cents and Germany cents, Q. When were —M. S, A. The first typewriter of which there is record was patented in England as early as 1714. Over a century later, in 1829, the first American typewriter, lled a topographer, was patented by W. A. Burt. In 1833 a typewriter was | Produced in France, having a separate key lever for each letter. In 1844 and in 1846 typewriting machines were in- j vented in England which, like many ’ui the other early machines, were de- signed primarily for use of the blind, and so produced embossed characters. | Between 1840 and 1860 Sir Charles eatstone invented several type- | writers, which are now in the South ington Museum. Q How much does & cublc foot of lead weigh?—G. W. 5. A. It weighs a liftle over 707 pounds. . Q What will help to | sirzble odors in a cellar? A. The liberal use of whitewash and unslaked lime in tke cellar helps to keep down micro-organisms and unde- | sirable odors, xes i A ypewriters first made? destroy unde- T. B Q. In Revolutionary days, how long did it take to go by coach from Phila- delphia to West Point?—M. M. A. It took about a week. Q. What is the motto of Poj XI?—R. B. . i A. When the present Pope succeeded Benedict XV, he chose as his motto, “The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ.” Q. Was the famous Tsar cannon in the Kremlin ever fired?—B. M. §. A. It seems unlikely that this huge cannon, known as the Tsar Pushka, was intended to be merely a show piece. bat the fact remains that it has never becn fired, and never could be fired, | for the excellent reason that the muzzle | i smaller caliber than the breech, and | also because the special cannon 'balls made for it are much too large for the bore. In the early days of its being, | it had a certain military usefulness in frightening away, by its mere appear- | ance, the Tartar tribes who periodically invaded Moscow. From the very be- ginning, however, it was valued as & | work of art rather than an instrument of war. Its sculptural decorations are among the most beautiful examples of this epoch. | Q. How long ago was the art of glass | painting practiced at Rheims?—8. B. T, A. M. Herbe, in his “Histoiredes Beaux names a monk, Roger, who in the venth century, won distinction from the beauty of the windows which he painted in Rheims. Q. What is shale>—G. E. T. A. Shale is merely clay or mud more or less compacted. Q. Please quote Joel Chandler Har- ris" words about what should be said when a man dies—C. W. A. “Do not say when & man dies that he is no more, but that he is for- ever.” Q. How many Negro officers had our Army during the World War?>—M. H A. On March 31, 1917, there were 7 commissioned Negro officers in the | Regular Army of the United States on and 3 on the retired During the period of the World War 1,363 Q ssioned officers served in t! les Army. Q. Is a house which is painted a dark color hotter than one painted yellow or white”’—R. F. e A. It is when Dark_colors pe tion than light Q. What gases have the greatest lift- ing powers’—P. C A. Hellum and hydrogen is more powerful ough the more satisfactc flammable and inert w 0.066 pounds per cubic foot unt dinary conditions, while hy lift 0.071 pounds per cut Hydrogen hel B Q. When were drums first used in battle on English soil>—T. P. A. Probably at the battle of Halidon Hill, in 1333, When Henry VIII entered Boulogne, in 1544, drums led the wa indicating they were then included in state ceremonials. Q. Why are tears salty?>—A. E. S A. Tears are of the saline fiud se- creted by the lachrymal glands of ‘They are saline in order that they may form an antiseptic wash h away any fcreign particles surface of the eyes. Q. Where is the largest and most perfect crystal>—F. D. A. In the National Museum at Wash- ington. It was brought from China in 1924. It is 12.83 inches in diameter and weighs 106.75 pounds. Q. Does the astronomical day begin at noon or at midnight>—F. E. Q. | A Astronomers formerly began the | day at noon, but recently it was de- cided advisable for the sake of uniform- ity to use the same day in astronomical work as is used in civil life and, com- mencing with 1925, all the national al- manacs began the day at midnight. Q. To whom is attributed the discov~ ery of rubber’—K. G. J. A. One of the earliest, if not the ea: est, discoverer, of the resilient prope: of rubber was Christopher Columbus, who observed the natives cf E lay- ing with a resilient, bouncing ba! Americans Tal;e U};‘Debate As to Val Owen D Young's address to the graduat: class of Notre Dame Uni- versity has inspired much thought as to the possibility of greater efficiency under the control of a dictatorship in a national emergency. While his ad- vice is hospitably received, there is some sentiment that executive strength dependent on the possession of leader- ship by an _executive under existing constitutional provisions. The statement by Mr. Young caus- ing the controversy was, “Our demo- cratic government has irom the be- ginning insisted on sharply delegated powers, with adequate checks and bal- ances, lest the sovereign yoke we threw off in the Revolution reappear to de- stroy our political liberty. It is quite explainable, therefore, that a govern- ment of powers widely distributed into carefully segregated and insuiated com- partments should function under nor- mal conditions and should fail us alto- gether when the avalanche comes.” “Mr. Young's plan,” according to the Lincoln State Journal, “is an in- dictment of our democratic govern- it. tect. It is for that reason that Mr. Young's arguments and his plan are receiving careful consideration.” The Newark Evening News voices the judg- ment: “The Nation looks to the Presi- dent for leadership. President Lincoln had extraordinary powers in the Civil War. Ditto for’ President Wilson in the World War. war.” * kX % “Not many men of Mr. Yo ground and_settin, ham Age-Herald, plgilfh lz]};e constitutional wl mpers our democrac; T conditions such as have pl’evaylle%nfflgr two years and a half. But in this re- spect, as in his appeal to tne graduates to beware of slogans while refusing to be downhearted or embittered, he is the social philosopher who iives up to the advice he gave to his listeners to subject everything to the three tests | of idealism, sound sportsmanship.” d“chutum] tactics ed,” argues the Ann Arbor Daily New: with the comment: “This does. not mean that the Nation wants or re- quires & dictator of the Mussolini stamp, but a compromise between him and government by oratory and politi- cal selfishness begins to look like a temporary necessity in these United - oung speech puts the finger on_definite weaknesses pn( the pr&sglil exccution, and are urgently need- order,” advises the Rochester Times- | Union, and that paper reviews the de- talls of what it considers the existing need, with the statement: “The first is the gambling spirit. The difficulties of the present era are due in no small degree to the fact that men would not wait to take the gains that come from the honest creation of real values, but rushed to take advantage of all sorts of speculative gains. Nor was this all. They were ready to mortgage these an- ticipated gains to justify wild spending in the present. Such a situation was bound to produce a violent reaction. The evil is not one easily cured, because it cuts deep into the nature of human character. But to polnt it out is to contribute in at least some measure to its solution. Mr. Young also indicated that our Government, with its elaborate system of checks and balances, is ill- adapted to vigorous action in emergen- cles. This is absolutely true. Nor is it any answer to say that sooner or later we muddle through. There are occa- sions when the element of time is de- e ——— e Mr. Coolidge, William M. Butler of Massachusetts was, it is reported, armed with & letter from Coo have his name consid pomination, And the failure is not herd to de- | Pres:cent Hoover and | the cabinet should have them in this | ould dare to de- | limitation | ue of Dictators clisive. We are sadly deficient in the machinery to meet such occasions.” * x * Noting that Mr. Young was not among those who asked for reconstitu- tion of the Council of National Defense, the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin com- ments: “It may well be believed that he would regard such a step as a diffu- sion rather than a concentration of au- thority.” The Detroit News avers: “The dictator idea has no more chance in the United States than Communism as long |8s our business, industry, finance and the Congress maintain conditions un- | favorable to the growth of either. The | sane course indorsed the President’s full | use of his powers. It gives him the chance to make good.” The Topeka Daily Capital asks: “If Mr. Young | were President and the ‘extraordinary powers’ he recommends were conferred |upon him. just what would he do? If he has any specific plan for an eco- | nomic breakdown he has not revealed " “There is no evidence that the Nation as lost its capacity to rule its own governing councils, even if a few men who admittedly master minds seem to have lost their heads,” contends the Akron Beacon Journal. while the Jersey City Journal. g the stand taken by the President on the tax bill, concludes that “such lead ip could with advan- tage to all be forthcoming much more frequently than it has been.” The Nashville Banner states that “it is diffi- cult to conceive how an increase in the power of either the President or Con- gress would be conducive to the defense and stability of the fundamental insti- tutions of the Republic.” The Mil- waukee Journal, taking up historical matters, holds that “if the leadership arrives, the country will, as Lincoln | once wrote, ‘risk the dictatorship.” " The Cleveland News believes: *“Co-opera- tion by all the people, rather than machinelike precision under the orders of a superboss, usually is our way out.” ————— Retired Officers in Civilian Positions ! To the Editor of The Star: The recent bill before Congress under | which retired officers of the Army and Navy will not be permitted to accept | retired pay and at the same time hold | & position in the District Government appears to be a discriminatory piece of | legislation, by which the District Gov- | ernment may be deprived of the serv- |ices of three valuable officials. | "It the three officials who seem to be most affected by the recent legisla- | tion—Gens. Crosby, Patrick and Glass- | ford—are eminently qualified for the positions which they occupy. it is fair to presume that if they elect to retain their retired pay and give up their positions, they may be offered similar positions in other cities, where they will be permitted to receive both pay and salary. If their places are then filled by people who have not been in the services, in what way is the Government to be benefited? b The net result of this legislation ap- pears, therefore, to indicate that retired officers of marked ability will not be available for positions in the District Government hereafter. Many of them have lived in Washington for many years during their active service and | re consequently better qualified to exer- cise authority in the District through familiarity with conditions here. ‘This seems to be merely another instance of lack of sincere interest in the affairs of the District by a group of individuals gathered from the re- mainder of the country. J. A. HILLMAN —_———————— Far Eastern Note. From the Nashville Banner. ‘The only Chinese pupil in Dorchester High School in Boston has won the post of cadet colonel in the annual competitive drill, Japanese papers | n The argument for the central- | 1! LZation of authority in order that tho government may function quickly and effectively in the face of unusual con- ditions, charges our system with failure to measure up to all the trials put upon