Evening Star Newspaper, May 21, 1932, Page 4

A4 {THE EVENING STA ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY.......May 21, 1832 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor Rate by Carrier Within the City. Evening St Evening an ar d Sunday Sar day: o) . ..60c per month r 65c per month r ..,-5¢ per copy Collection made at the end of ‘each month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday. 1yr., $10.00: 1 mo., Datly only .. $6.00: Bunday only . All Other States and Canada. Eilv and Sunday...1yr., $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 eily only . 1 $8.00: 1 mo., T nday only .. 1 85¢ 50 o iS¢ $5.00; 1 mo., 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press 1s exclusively ertitled ublication of all new: or not otherwise cred. nd also the local news All rights of publication of in are also reserved. in this paper published herein special dispatches he: — Tariff and Revenue. Supporters of tariff duties on oil, eoal, lumber and copper have seized opportunity by the forelock. With the whole country demanding the enactment of a revenue bill designed to balance the Government's budget, a coalition of members of the Senate—following in the footsteps of a similar coalition in the House—has forced these tariff items into the revenue bill. During the con- sideration of the Smoot-Hawley tariff bill, now the law, proposals to levy duties on oil imported into this country ‘were defeated, as well as proposals to levy duties now carried in the revenue bill on coal, copper and lumber. Since of the family of a political friend. These places are about all that is left of the direct “spoils” of congressional office. The important point about the mat- ter is not who occupies these places, but whether they are necessary at all or whether, If necessary, they are capably filled. Are all these places needed in the economy of the legis- lative organization? Are all these services essential to the proper grind- ing of the legislative mill? Are the scales of pay correct and in accord- ance with services rendered and re- sponsibilities involved and in compari- son with places of a similar nature in other branches of the Government? Suspicion prevalls that a great deal of “water” could be squeezed out of the House and Senate pay rolls. Cer- tainly when percentage reductions in departmental personnel are being urged in the interest of Federal economy it would be quite as well to let this reform begin at home, at the seat of the legislation which directs the pruning. The House has already voted down an amendment to the so-called “economy” bill to abolish “nepotism.” That, however, was not to the point ‘The issue is whether all this service in the House and Senate mechanism is essential. An efficiency expert would probably find in the negative. If the housecleaning process which may follow upon the publication of the personnel of the lJower branch of Con- gress is logically carried out it will undoubtedly result in a pruning of the lists, not because of relationships, but because the services supposedly ren- dered are not essential. e Mayor Jimmie to Take the Stand. Next Wednesday Mayor Jimmie Walk- er of New York will be a star performer in a proceeding of importance and gen- eral public interest. It will not be as the receiving end of a distinguished ar- rival from abroad as New York's most efficient greeter, nor as the reviewing officer of a giant parade. It will be as a witness before the State Legislative Committee inquiring into the manage- ment of the metropolis. He has been “wanted” by the committee for some months, but, somehow, it has just not suited his convenience to appear, nor, indeed, has the committee been ready to receive him. From time to time little matters have come to light that the passage of the Smoot-Hawley tariff act the Democrats have won to almost equality in numbers in the Senate with the Republicans. Eighteen Democratic Senators, as a matter of fact, were re- corded yesterday as voting to sustain the tax on imports of oil. Twenty-five Republicans voted for the tax, while twenty Democrats, sixteen Republicans and one Farmer-Laborite voted against THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D THIS AND THAT R | tive, or a political friend, or the member | Atlantic—all these vital contributions to allied victory were made under the supreme direction of Admiral Benson. A son of Georgia, his whole life, after graduation from Annapolis in 1877, was spent in the Nation’s sea service. When his war duties ended, in 1920, Admiral Benson was appointed chair- man of the United States Shipping Board, which it fell to his lot for a considerable period to administer sin- gle-handed, pending the filling of vacant memberships. In the civilian marine, as well as in the Navy, Ad- miral Benson brought to his duties a patriotic, skilled hand. His place in the galaxy of Americans who have rendered the Republic nota- ble service is secure. e S Amelia Earhart Succeeds. Amelia Earhart’s achievement in fiy- ing the Atlantic alone from west to east makes & new record, she being the first woman to cross without a companion. By a coincidence she has made her flight on the fifth anniversary of Lind- bergh's thrilling accomplishment. She did not reach her goal, which was Paris, but landed at Londonderry, in the north of Ireland, making that point because her plane was disabled by the burning out of the exhaust manifold, which had troubled her for several hours in mid- ocean. This circumstance makes the flight more remarkable and adds to the credit of the performance. There was grave apprehension when this accomplished woman fiyer took off yesterday from Harbor Grace. Yet it was recognized that she had circum- stances in her favor. She was experi- enced and she had a good plane. She took advantage of the best possible weather conditions, with an earlier start than was expected in order to make the utmost of this situation. By her successful flight she has added to the knowledge of transatlantic aviation and has undoubtedly advanced the ex- pectation of eventual regular heavier- than-air oceanic service, ————— Before making charges of soclal dis- organization in this country, trans- oceanic nations should make sure that they will escape an increasing tendency to attempt the solution of delicate political problems by the crude ex- pedient of assassination. ———e—. it. Obviously party lines on the tariff have been smashed. Supporters of the tariff amendments to the revenue bill give as & reason for imposing these import taxes the de- pressed conditions of the oil, coal, lum- ber and copper industries. They, how- ever, are not the only depressed indus- tries in this country, many of which could demand further tariff protection for the same reason. It has been obvi- have seemed to require explanation from the mayor. His personal repre- sentative in charge of his financial deal- ings disappeared and has never been i effectively caught by a subpoena server. Meanwhile, the investigating commit- tee's referee, Judge Seabury, has been digging up items regarding the mayor's investments and expenses and income and stock transactions that have really ous for weeks that without a coalition of the supporters of the taxes on im- ported coal, oil, copper and lumber the ! adoption of any one of them would be and truly required elucidation. Investigation has been in progress for nearly two years, started the mayor said that he would make public answer to each charge as ‘This and when it was impossible. In the House, supporters of |y was brought, without walting to be the ofl and coal taxes alone were suf-|cailed by the committee. He changed ficlent to put tariff taxes on those com- | pi gttitude, however, and has reserved modities into the bill. When the bill all his rejoinders and explanations for reached the Senate, however, it became | g personal appearance on the Wwitness necessary to add to the list of interests | stand, and that is now set for mext to be protected. Lumber and copper ‘Wednesday. were brought in, and with them the votes of several democratic Senators from States producing those com- modities. i Opponents of these protective taxes shout to the housetops that their ad- vocates have taken advantage of the people in their need, The supporters of the taxes reply that these industries they now propose to protect from for- eign competition are as worthy of pro- tection as the steel and automobile in- dustries. Under the theory of the pro- tective tariff perhaps they are right, except in so far as the proponents of the protective system have opposed levying tariff duties on imports of raw materials except for revenue purposes. It has been rather clearly demonstrated | that the tariff taxes on ofl, coal, copper and lumber will raise little, if any,| Tevenue. but will act as embargoes. | Their opponents insist that the result will be to increase the prices paid by the American people for coal and oil, for copper and lumber. Politically, inclusion of these tariff| taxes in the revenue bill may have a far-reaching effect. Democratic lead- ers have indicated that they intend to make the Republican protective tariff a major issue in the coming campaign. The record which the House and Sen- ate Democrats have recently written in connection with the oil and coal tariff taxes will make it difficult, how- ever, for the Democrats to bear down | heavily on the Republicans on this issue. On the other hand, the Repub- licans in a clash with the Demecrats over the tariff issue have usually won at the polls, and perhaps the willing- ness of the Democrats to support pro- tective tariffs may react favorably in| the interest of the Democratic party next November. This would be a| strange quirk of political fortune, if it | happened. | An unfortunate circumstance at-| tached to the fight over the tariff taxes | in the revenue bill is the delay it is causing. Prompt passage of a revenue measure capable of raising sufficient | income to balance the budget and | maintain the financial credit of the Government is imperative. | v | June is the month of roses. This| fact inspires little hope that at political | assemblages taere will be more bouquets | than brickbats. ————— Congressional Pay Rolls. The House of Representatives yester- | day adopted a resolution directing the clerk of tha House to keep open for | public inspection the pay roll records of that body There was no debate and no oppostion to the resolution. As a consequance of its adoption, there are now being published lists of positions | occupled by persons whose names are jGentical with those of Representatives | and the salaries attached to such places. Doubtless from time to time other lists will be printed and much will be made of particular instances of what has come to be known as nepotism beyond the real meaning of the term. ‘There is nothing new or strange in the appointment of members of families of Representatives or Senators to the personnel rolls of Congress. It has been done from time immemorial and it will undoubtedly continue to be done to the end of congressional history. These po- sitions as secretaries, committee clerks, messengers and others are among the ‘The immediate occasion of the mayor's change of policy in respect to the ac- cusations or insinuations brought against him is that light has just been thrown in a somewhat embarrassing degree upon the manner in which his trip to Europe last Summer, almost a royal tour of the capitals of politics and pleasure, was financed. At yesterday’s session of the committee it was brought out that the expenses of this trip were met by a ten-thousand-dollar letter of credit which was bought from one of the New York banking institutions for cash by the promoter of a coach company which Rad shortly before been granted a franchise at the instance of Mayor ‘Walker—and delivered to the mayar the day before he signed the contract mak- ing the franchise effective. So “royal” indeed was the mayoral tour that the letter of credit was exhausted and an additional credit of three thousand dol- lars was bought by the same good friend to meet Mayor Jimmie's overdraft. If there were any disposition to make a public spectacle of the mayor's ap- pearance before the legislative commit- tee, 1t could probably be turned to ex- cellent account in the raising of a large centribution to the unemployment re- lief fund in Manhattan. Madison Square Garden or some other great place of as- semblage could be engaged for the oc- casion, and at a two-dollar admission rate it probably could be filled. For the meeting on Wednesday between Mayor Walker and Referee Seabury will be an historic encounter. The mayor will be no easy mark for the referee’s inquisi- tion. He is an agile person and he has had plenty of time to prepare his re- plies to the most searching questions that can be put W him. But it would corner. e Human improvement depends on dis- covery of faults to be cffaced. In spite of misanthropy in the news, the mem- ory of the good old doctor who told us 10 keep repeating “We're getting better and better” is still to be respected. —eon—s Good roads are marks of advancing civilzation. Railway interests insist that this applies to the travelers who have to pay car fare as well as to those sufficiently fortunate to own automo- biles. e No economist will go so far as to claim that greater parks are needed because there may be more idle people to sit on the benches. ——— Admiral Benson. One by one, in many countries, per- sonalities that were outstanding in the World War are fading from the pic- ture. Americans mourn today the passing of Admiral Willlam S. Benson, | chief of naval operations during the critical days of 1917 and 1918. To no man was greater credit due for the effective weight which the United States threw into the allied cause at sea than this seasoned sailor. The eventual suppression of the Ger- man submarine campaign, especially its demonstrated inability to prevent the transport of our great Army to the European battlefields, was in no small measure attributable to the co-opera tion which the United States Navy gave the British Grand Fleet. The perquisites of congressional office. As far as selection is concerned, it is en- tirely up to the Representative or the Senator whether he names a member of his own family. or 8 more distant rela- mine barrage laid across the North Sea, the sleepless activities of our destroyer squadrons in the war zone, the vast! and difficult task of convoying an end- less stream of troop ships across the really scem as though the referee has| |got Mayor Jimmie in a pretty tight On Fourteenth street between Penn- sylvania avenue and F street there used to be what was called “Newspaper Row.” While this has been diffused, a row still exists. But it is not pro- nounced the same. ——————————— In order to save time and be ready for the national conventions, it might be pardonable to postpone considera- tion of economies relating to such de- tails as the wages of messengers and stenographers. ——————r———— China is sald to have experimented at one time or another with every kind of government that human ingenuity | has devised. By looking over the rec- ords, her statesmen may be able to show why Communism does not work. o TR Congress occasionally permits its work to get into a state of confusion that even the most experienced business doctor could not hope to correct. ———rwee Politics has grown more rugged than it was when favorite sons were ex- pected to admire pretty bables and play croquet. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Clean-Ups. A “clean-up” is requested By every housewife true. The Springtime has suggested That there is work to do. A “clean-up's” an expression Significantly quaint ‘Which may evade confession And cover faults with paint. A “clean-up” may seem funny— A marketeering joke, When some dust off the money And leave the others broke. ‘The word needs sense judicial ‘To tell us what it means. A clean-up's beneficial, Provided that it cleans. Indestructibility. “What was the subject of your in- struction today, my daughter,” sald Senator Sorghum. “The class in physics heard a lecture on the indestructibility of matter.” “Very interesting. Did he say any- thing about our prohibition laws?" “Of course not.” “Strange! They are matters which represent the most remarkable inde- structibility. No matter how often they are broken. they are always with us.” Jud Tunkins says it's a queer world. | Folks are always resentful either because they have too much work or because they haven't any. Needed Relief. Each Sunday brings us peace of mind ‘To cheer life’s hard endeavor And with each passing week we find ‘We need more prayers than ever. Sailor and Farmer. “There’s only a slight difference be- tween the farmer and the sailor,” said the citizen who always tries to be joy- ous and free. “The farmer plows the land and the sailor plows the sea. Ha! Ha!” “Yes.” answered Farmer Corntossel. “But the sailor has this advantage: His plowing always gets him some- where.” “Let us respect the man with a loud voice,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- town. “They who seek to decelve are most often whisperers.” Majesty. Respect, the majesty of law Nor hesitate And undertake to find a flaw In wisdom great. In all affairs it holds a sway That naught can budge And soon or late each one must say, “Good morning, judge!” “As de years go long" said Uncle Eben, “we has all kinds of experiences, pleasant and unpleasant. Happiness will depend on which kind you chooses to remember.” ———— The Rear-Readers. Prom the Glendale News-Press. Continuous movies are a blessing to those who turn to the back of a book to see how it comes out. BY CHARLES E. ‘Templeton Jones decided upon a pool. ‘What gardener has not decided upon a pool, at some time or other? Jones' was to be a miniature affair, | in order that the Jones temperament | might try itself cut against water lilles on the home grounds. | He knew he liked water lilies, but he | wasn't so sure about them in his own back vard. Instead of whacking loose, as the idiom has it, with a big pool, taking up a lot of space in a small garden, Templeton Jones acted with true Jones- ian_caution. | This season he would ¥y out the very smallest possible pool. One couldn't go far wrong on a two- foot affair, Just 24 inches across, from rim to rim, with cne water lily in it, a cat tail, a water hyacinth and a water poppy. Jones had a suspicion that he had enough plants for a pool two or three times as large as his, but he put them in anyway, for good measure. At the beginning of any horticultural enterprise, of course, everything looks smal! enough. It is the same way with shrubbery. When new lilac bushes are set out they seem rather lonely, planted the proper | | distance, so the average home owner puts them too close, in most cases. Templeton Jones knew something about lilacs and altheas and even spireas, but he had never seen a pond lily since cnildhood days. He could recall, faintly, standing by the pond, near an ice house, and see- ing and smelling the fragrant white | flowers floating on the sujface. | What interested him more, however, | were the “doodle bugs” which lived in the sawdust around the ice house. The only ice then was natural ice, gathered in the Winter and stored up for the village aristocrats against the dog days. | In those times even manufactured ice | was known only in the big cities. If one wanted ice, one had to cut it from the pond in Winter, and put it away in the ice house, where the insulating powers of good, honest sawdust per- ro;med phyfi’lcll wonders. fones could see the man yet, squa down beside several smnllyhole.: h: t{lx;g ground outside the ice house. ‘The holes were about the size of a ln'léh pen§u. e old man sang a song to the doodle bugs, ordering them to | above the surface. i Ippearf It was a plaintive ditty, in which the bugs were invited to come into the light of day, and instantly. And, sure enough, after a few meas- ures, here they came, rolling up their tunnels, issuing forth into the light, so powerful was sweet melody to captivate the bosoms of doodle bugs. | Templeton Jones, standing years later | at the site of his own miniature pond, suddenly recalled that childhood scene. What amazed him most, at his thoughts, was the little interest he had | taken in the appearance of the curious | doodle bugs. Try as he would to recall them, he m:‘g ;‘(‘memll)dcr nothing. e could see was the wi and the white lilies, and the jgledpg\nndnl on his knees, singing into the ground. He could see the small holes in the sawdust, almost as well as ever, but the veritable images of the doodle bugs themselves had vanished in the mist of | ears. Still the National Museum has pho- tographs of them on file, he knew.pnnd any, one interested can find an acéount 'm in certain monogra; by the Smithsonian, S Templeton Jones shook his head at the curious freaks of memory which retained pictures of the doodle bug| holes, but not of the bugs. What a spot this present one would C., TRACEWELL. be, he thought, for a neat doodle bug collection! ‘The ground sloped up to a great tree, with flagstones forming a path, and roses and Japanese iris and vio- lets; here was an ideal setting for & small pool. A tub would be big enough to start with, he decided. What sort of a tub? Some of the catalogues advertised cedar tubs; an article in a magazine said any old tub would do, even a gal- vanized one. A search of the Jones estate re- vealed a very fine old wash tub, some- what battered, but otherwise in the best of condition. Templeton Jones seized upon it with | something of the rapture which pos- sesses gardeners and poets at times. Just the thing! Into the ground it went, right up to the rim. A neat border of irregular pieces of pink marblelike rock next went into place. ‘They concealed about half the edge. If it hadn't been for the edge, Jones would have called his impromptu pool a decided success. As it was, he had to admit that his pool looked very much like a wash tub, after all. Still, it would do for a beginning. So into it went one Odorata minor, the miniature pond lily; one Limnoch- aris Humboldti, otherwise known as water poppy; one Eichornia Grassipes major, a floating plant commonly calied water hyacinth, and one cat tail, whose fancy name Jones never could remember. After these plants were duly installed in the sunk tub, Templeton Jones hap- pened to pick up another catalogue. “We want to warn the reader never, under any circumstances,” it said, “to use a metal tub.” Water lilies, it indicated, will not grow satisfactorily in them. Jones won- dered why, but the article had no rea- son to offer. So T. Jones, acquatic investigator, de- cided to let his pool function as it was. Time would tell. ‘Time tells so much, that it must get tired of telling, especially when so many people will pay no attention to what it says. The night of the grand planting, the heavens opened and the rains descended upon the earth, and especially upon the Jones water garden, it seemed o Jones. ‘The next morning the tub was run- ning over, but the floating hyancinth was still floating, its beard-like roots still safely within the confines of the tub. Seve angle worms had drowned themselves in the depths, and two small snails of unknown vintage, had climbed in. Jones knew that one was supposed to have snails, but he was not sure these were of the proper type. If one had to be so finicky about one’s | tub, what must one be when it came to snails? Jones fished the snails out, and then, | thinking better of it, put them back in. ‘Ten minutes later he found them reposing on the bank, high and ary, as if determined to leave. Probably he had insulted them by first lifting them out and then putting them back in. Snails and human beings are very “touchy,” sometimes. Several days later Templeton Jones found his pool very dirty looking. Care- fully he skimmed the scum with a big spoon. He must have gold fish, Japanese snails, several clams, and similar crea- tures. Nor must he forget oxygenating plants. The balance of nature—yes, that was it. So Jones went away to buy fish, clams, snails, plants, to put in his lily pool, which was, after all, only an old wash tub. Crowder ends a notable career which arouses widespread praise of his serv-| ices, not only as a soldier, but also| as an expert lawyer and diplomat. He | won early fame as an Indian fighter, | served in judicial positions in the island | ssions of the country and is| credited with the creation and carry- ing to success of the draft plan in the World War. | Gen. Crowder is remembered by the Ann Arbor Daily News as “one of the few remaining ‘old war horses’ of the | United States,” as a “man of action | from the word ‘go’” and as one whose | career “was brilliant with romance.” Recalling that he had “an unusual | number of chances to serve his Nation, | and in no instance failed to render patriotic, efficient service,” the Nash- | ville Banner states that “few men in| American history have served the coun- try longer and more ably.” “Excellent military and civil service” | is credited to him by the San Antonio | Express, which recalls his participation | in the final campaign against Geronimo, | as a troop commander, his study of | law while on military duty, his appoint- | ment as a major in the Judge Advocate General's Department, his service as an associate justice of the Insular Supreme Court of the Philippines and his de- velopment of a plan by which “Philip- pine authority gradually was transferred | from military to civil administrators.” The Express refers also to his duties as secretary of state and justice in | Cuba, with recognition that “when he‘ | departed from Havana the island was | prosperous and tranquil.” Of his services in the World War, the Hartford Times offers the comment that he showed “re.iarkable leadership in getting under way & plan which en- abled this counisy to win it.” The Rock | Island Argus finds strong opinion that he was “the ablest judge advocate gen- eral that ever served the Army,” that “the Cuban constitution was recast by 1 him” and that he “constructed the stat- utes for the government of the Philip- es.” That paped concludes that “he is as deserving of the gratitude of the | Nation as any commander who served |on the field and at the battle front in | the World War.” | “He spent all his active years in the Army,” says the Cleveland News, “and yet he attained success not only as a soldier, but also as a lawyer and a dip- lomat. In America he will be remem- bered as the father of the universal | draft system, but he led men in battle as well as pulled them from civilian life mnto the Army. He commanded & cav- alry troop in the campaigns against Ge- | | ronimo and Sitting Bull. In the Philip- | pines he also led soldiers, but there his (pame will live in Supreme Court deci- ns he handed down while serving as an associate justice. In Cuba he will | be remembered as the Secretary of State during the period the United States tutored the isuand republic in self-gov- ernment and also as the Ambassador of | the United States to Havana at a later period.” i “He is one of the few men who at-| tained to fame both as soldier and dip- lomat,” in the opinion of the Altoona | Mirror, while the Rockford Register- Republic holds that “he probably Wfll‘ go down in history as one of the three | great American personalities, because, | aside from Wilson and Pershing, he‘ reached intimately into the lives and fortunes of mors than 3,000,000 young | Americans.” As to his abilities and achjevements, the Newark Evening News comments: “Had he been a civil- ian. Gen. Crowder would have been one of this country’s outstanding lawyers or judges. He had a fine legal mind. He| | also had a mind attuned to administer- | ing great enterprises. His work in Cuba n_putting the government on its feet after the troubles of 1906 in the Palma regiw>, and subsequently as Ambassa- dor, proved his high quality. He was a very useful man in the Philippines in the early days. He was a useful man to have around in any emergency. His work with the draft alone would have Gen. Crowder Lauded as Soldier, Diplomat and Jurist The death of Maj. Gen. Enoch H.made him noted. Withal he was the Teverse of colorful; a figure of quiet effectiveness, who let the other fellow get the cheers. He even declined pro- motion to the rank of lieutenant gen- ;)rlaiflz“;‘w hé .sn,l‘d the credit was not alone. Such great m often met in this world.” e e e Calling him “a leading military lawyer, a successful soldier-diplomat,” the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin con- cludes that “his one big job was the shaping and administration of the law that called civilians to the colors.” The Houston Chronicle recalls that he “ex- panded the small peace-time force into a great military machine,” and that he was “one of those soldlers who win the regard of soldlers” while he “won and kept the high esteem of civilian Amer- ica as well.” The Indianapolis News says that “through his skill in devising the draft plan and applying the meth- |ods of selection he brought a new mean- ing to the word.” The Columbus Ohio State Journal points out that “he start- ed working on the plan when he was a second lieutenant serving with the Cavalry on the Mexican border.” Possible future effects of his work are suggested by the New York Sun in the statement: “To what extent the draft of 1917-18 gave body to the demand that hereafter its principle shall be ex- tended to men not in uniform and to property cannot be said. It is a fact, however, that the draft of soldiers greatly strengthened the opinion that a way may be found to bring every man and woman into service on terms of equality in war, and to prevent the profiteering in war material, food and finance which has scandalized all right- thinking persons in the past. If this can be done on the foundation Gen. Crowder built, his contribution to na- tional welfare will be even greater than it now appears. ——— e = An Air Stampede. Prom the Butte, Montana, Standard. Glowing reports concerning mineral discoveries at Great Bear Lake, in the far Northwestern Territory of Canada, would, under normal circumstances, oc- casion an old-fashioned “rush” or “stampede.” But this is impossible at the new alleged El Dorado. The only quick way to reach Great Bear is by airplane. To attempt to get in by any other route would bring the prospector to the promised land just as & nine months’ Winter was setting in. It is true one may go a considerable distance above Edmonton, Canada, by rail. The balance of the route can be made only either by plane or by boat on the water- way, the tributaries and the Mackenzie | River itself. ‘These restrictions are limiting the number of adventurous souls who otherwise would join the rush. The airplane rates are high and the rates charged for transporting merchandise and equipment are practically prohibi- tive to the normal type of prospector, who is usually found in the vanguard of such rushes. Even the Klondyke was not nearly as inaccessible as is the new strike at Great Bear. Thus the new mining distfjct is lacking most of the spectacular features of customary fron- tier camps. The gambler, the bounder and the professional bad man are also absent. It requires a stake running into the thousands of dollars to get into the Great Bear district. There is con- siderable emigration red tape for Amer- icans going in, and it is also necessary to procure a mining permit. Because of these handicaps, the radium, gold, silver and copper stampede in the Northwest is different from any others in history. e~ Logic and Lucre. From the Dayton Daily News. The assertion that women are {l- logical may have been prompted by the fact that when times got hard the gh started using more material in ir dresses. SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1932. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. Bernard Fay, the distinguished French historian, who spetializes in United States history, has made several visits to this country, has lectured here and was awarded the Jusserand medal of the American Historical Association in 1925. His biography, “Franklin: The Apostle of Modern Times,” published in 1929, is considered by many critics the best biography of Franklin. Prof. Fay's most recent work, very timely, “George Washington: Republican Aristocrat,” is less comprehensive than the “Frank- lin” and leaves much for the reader to find out from other sources. It is se- lective for the purpose of creating a picture and really does produce & por- trait, not a statue. He shows Washing- ton as a lonely man, a man loving his ccuntry intensely, able to work with his fellow men, born for leadership, com- pletely identified with the Virginia aris- wocracy of landowners. As a piece of literary art, as well as an unusually successfu biographical portrait, the book is one of the best worth reading of the past year. X . Prof. Fay continually emphasizes the fact that Washingon was not demo- cratic in our modern sense, that he be- lieved in the leadership, under a repre- sentative government, of the men of social standing and property. On Feb- ruary 22, 1931, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, in a speech, called Washington the founder of our democracy and de- fended his use of the expression. In the sense that Washington founded a self-governing nation which has become, for good or ill, more and more demo- cratic, Dr. Butler has a good case. By the death of his half-brother Lawrence, George Washington became the owner of Mount Vernon and a' prominent member of the Virginia aristocracy. His unusual personal abilities soon made him a leader of that aristocracy. After the Braddock campaign, in the French and Indian War, Washington was reviled in Europe, but was, perhaps partly for that reason, a hero in the colonies. “Far from hurting him with the Americans, the hatred of the French and the jeering of the English stimu- lated his compatriots’ admiration for him. He had become a national sym- bol” Then he was appointed com- mander in chief of the Virginia forces. Fate was preparing the future com- mander in chief of the Revolutionary Army. It was as an aristocrat that ‘Washington led first the Virginia troops and later the undisciplined and poorly equipped and supported Army of the Revolution. It was also as an aristo- crat that he declined the crown which was proposed for him by some of his officers in a coup d'etat. “Washington was an aristocrat; he saw clearly that in America a leader once crowned king by his troops was dedicated to dema- gogy and disorder.” ko Washington the politician interests | Prof. Fay no less than Washington the aristocrat. As colonel of the Virginia troops, George Washington was directly responsible to Gov. Dinwiddie, but he was also obliged to follow instructions of the Virginia Assembly and was subordinate to the British general in command in America. “Thus Wash- ington carried on three correspond- ences—one with Dinwiddie, who dis- patched orders to him, in the beginning friendly enough; one with John Robin- son, the president of the Assembly, his friend and protector, through whom Washington often persuaded the As- sembly to give orders to Dinwiddie; one with Stanwix, then Loudoun, then Bou- quet, by whom he was to be guided. If these three authorities had been in agreement, obedience would have been simple enough, but, as they never ap- peared to be, Washington’s role became all the more difficult, responsible and ticklish. * * * Dinwiddie carried away th him (when he returned to Eng- land) the memory of an obstinate voung officer. hard to manage and much too given over to political in- trigue. He cherished less ill-will toward Washington's ingratitude than towarc that mixture of military stubbornness - | and political cunning which he thought he detected there, * * * This trait of ob- stinacy in Washington, together with his talent for understanding his own kind, assured America’s future.” When feelings of hostility toward England grew more and more intense in the Colonies, and the youthful Virginia aristocracy was Increasingly resenting the restric- tions imposed by the older English aristocracy, “there were orators in plenty, but no leader as yet. George Washington was in a fair way to be- come one. * * * His superiority made itself felt. He was more circumspect, more cautious and stronger than the others. He acted more quickly and to better effect. While the others were thinking about the West, he had actually been there and knew the ter- ritory which lay on the other side of the mountains. While the others talked of war and drilled their soldiers, he had fought. * * * But Washington also was feared. No one could make a fool of him. Among the easygoing gentle- men of Virginia he was a leader. He had too often, by his haughty manner and his violence, which struck cold, put men in their places. No one fright- ened him. * * * He was not the theorist of the Revolution but its born leader. * + * He did not try to define the Revo- lution; it was his task to guide it.” Washington’s habit of reticence had been noted by most of the members of the Continental Congress which made him commander in chief of the Revolutionary Army. “He could never be quoted. He had never praised the King, but, on the other hand, he had never spoken ill of him. He had never attacked Parliament, but he had never asked the people to have confidence in it. He had never advanced a theory, but had followed his instinct, which was the popular instinct, and he had been active. Among all these subtle lawyers, preachers and merchants he was _the only one who had the habit of facing facts without preconceived opinions.” And so, in conclusion, when Prof. Fay summarizes the character o{ ‘Washington, he says that he was not only “a great soldier, a great President, a great sage” and “the last of the great land barors.” but also “the first of the great modern politicians who had an infallible instinct for public opinion. * kK x When he was only 4 years old Mo- 1 zart was discovered by his father com- i posing a concerto for the clavier. At 6 the child virtuoso improvised at the clavier before the Empress Maria Teresa. The whole story of this wonderful child- hood of a genius and of the maturity which followed is told with carefulness and sympathy by Marcia Davenport in her biography “Mozart.” The personal life of Mozart, apart from his music, was Bohemian. He loved wine, women and parties where unconventionality reigned. Poverty was his constant com- panion. Perhaps his manner of life and insignificant appearance may have had something to do with his failure to find wealthy patrons. It is one of the ironies of life, which Mrs. Davenport makes impressive, that one who gave so much to the world received so little from it. * ok ¥ X Discreet biographers have hastened over and indiscreet biographers have dwelt at length upon the association of Voltaire and Mme. du Chatelet. A re- cent biography, by Andre Maurel, is de- voted entirely to their romance, which lasted for many years—“The Romance of Mme. du Chatelet and Voltaire,” translated by Walter Mostyn. Weary of his turbulent life in Paris, Voltaire re- tired with this learned lady, who shared most of his ideas (that would have been indispensable) to the country estate of Cirey. There they lived for long periods and often held an intellectual court. Frederick the Great of was Mme. du Chatelet’s most serious rival in Voltaire's affections and was often able to tempt the philosopher away from the Cirey rejreat. - ——— Our Contradictory Speech. From the Columbus Ohle Mate Joural 8] of contrasts, it is possil for a house to shelter both a loud- - speaker and a speak-easy. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J]. HASKIN. ‘When troublesome questions arise, avail yourself of the service of this department. It costs you nothing— you have only to send two cents for postage on the personal letter you will receive in reply. Any question on any subject of fact will be answered. Ad- dress your letter of inquiry to The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Q. What is the program in Washington, D. C.?—J. e A. The District Bicentennial Com- mission says that on June 14 next, {which is the day that the birthday of | the flag is celebrated, there will be two | parades in Washingon. The first will be at noon, when the Wiild Cat Division | of the World War Veterans will parade. i The official District Bicentennial pa- | rade will begin at 7 p.m. at the corner | of Constitution avenue and Fifteenth | street norhwest. It will go u» flfwrnth‘ street to Pennsylvania avenu > and along Pennsylvania avenue to the Capitol, | where it be reviewed by Government | officials. _Forty-eight States, with at | least 50 floats, will be represented. As! it will be a night parade, torch lights | will be used on the floats for lighting. | One of the most colorful features of | the parade and of the entire Bicenten- | nial Celebration this year will be a HV~! ing flag composed of 900 women, 300 on the Senate steps, 300 on the rotunda steps and 300 on the House steps. for Flag day T. H Q. How many commercial lcensed airplanes and pilots are there in the United States>—A. S. A. According to latest figures, there are 10,500 commercial licensed airplanes in the United States; 5,000 of them in | the hands of private owners—individ- uals and companies outside of aero- {nautics. There are 16,000 licensed | pilots in the United States. Q. How much has the invasion of Shanghai cost?>—D. E. L A. The Chinese estimate the cost at 1$400,000,000. They report 8,080 civilians killed and 180,000 families affected. Q. What is a meridian stone—B. K. A. The term meridian stone is usually applied to the stones marking the ends of a so-called meridian line, placed to define the true north and south line. Such stones are intended primarily to enable a surveyor to test his compass and determine the difference between the direction indicated by the compass needle (magnetic north) and the true north. It is important that a meridian line be placed away from buildings, electric car lines and, in general, any- thing which might deflect the needle of the compass. | — | Q. Did Long Island at one time be- long to one man?>—G. W. G. | A. The territory of Long Island was incorporated in the grant of 1620 by | James I to the Plymouth Company and | in 1635 conveyed to William Alexander, | iEflrl of Stirling. In 1674 it became part of the British colony of New York. Q. Please give a short biography of Eli Whitney—R. D. R. A. He was born_ at Westhorough, i Mass., December 8, 1765, He graduated from Yale and went to Georgia as a teacher, and while there invented the cotton gin. His workshop was broken into and his machine stolen and others made before he could secure a patent. He subsequently manufactured firearms at Whitneyville, in Connecticut. He dl;% at New Haven, Conn, January 8, 1825. Q. What were the mourning customs of the Jews in early times?—O. C. A. The Scriptures set forth many in- teresting details concerning the method {of Jewish mourning. The next of kin | closed the eyes of the deceased; the corpse was bathed, and if a person of any consequence, the body was laid for Highlights on t A SUISSE, Geneva.—In the old days young men studied law | that they might know how to in- terpret and administer it. Now matriculants learn the law ip order that they may know how to evade it—not so much in their own ac- tions, save in a contributive sense—but that they may give the service desired by a new and powerful species of clients. It is a new science, and a most_subversive one. A few years ago a literature of crime and sex was denied sale by book shops and news dealers with the laudable ob- ject of preventing delinquency in youth. But the purveyors of these filthy prints soon discovered, with the assistance of mercenary and conscienceless attorneys, that the law did not specifically forbid the sale of such publications in other mercantile establishments. The result has been, therefore, directly in opposi- tion to the intent of the legislation, and instead of the sales of pornographic books and pictures being obsoleted, they have rather been stimulated, for in- numerable barber shops, cafes, railway stations, and other places of public re- sort, even in some cases, meat and gro- cery stores, proceeded to distribute these baleful products of degenerate minds with little attempt at secrecy. If charged with the offense, a “good™ advocate would soon win for them im- munity. A later instance is that of certain sinister advertising. Barred to the press by law, self-seeking vendors of discredited nostrums and pernicious doctrines soon found that the letter of the statute did not interdict their use of the radio or poster, or certain other methods of advertising, and so the ben- eficial results intended have been nulli- fied in these respects also. The law too often is a farce—a sport set up to exercise attorneys’ ingenuity. ® % X X Spanish Face Problems of Economy. Irish Independent, Dublin. — The Spanish people having called the tune have now to pay the piper. The first budget of the republic has been opened in the Cortes. presented in Spain and the minister of finance has found it impossible to provide revenue to meet the expendi- ture without having recourse to a loan. This is not very reassuring, and al- though he made large cuts in expendi- ture the minister had the honesty to admit that the modest surplus of £2,- 000,000 shown in his budget was only theoretical. Nearly a million has been saved in the ecclesiastical department of the ministry of justice by stopping payments in support of the church in Spain. Then there was the expense saving has been more than offset by an increase in the expenditure on the sal- aries of Deputies and the salary of the President of the Republic. A republic can be as costly as a monarchy, as the Spaniards are now finding out. Expenditure has gone up in other directions, and this is the reason why, despite large reductions in the expenditure of some departments and increases in existing taxes, it has been so difficult to show even a retical surplus. > Jews Welcome Shanghai Harmony. Israel's Messenger, Shanghai: (Shang- hai’s only Jewish paper for the Jewish home). The good will movement inaugu- rated recently in Shanghai, on the very | night when this settlement was being bombarded by the Japanese, by a lead- ing Christian pastor of a noted church, is & happy augury for the future. We believe in such a movement for better understanding between men of diverse creeds and races. It was a welcome sight to sce the lay head of our com- munity fraternizing for the first time with the local spiritual head of the Church of land. That per se is an advance to be appreciated at a time when the world is seething with unrest It is the largest ever | of the royal household, but the Times'| Madrid correspondent states that this a time in spices, or was anointed with them, swathed in linen bandages and deposited in a tomb. The mourners went _bareheaded and barefooted, covered their mouths and kept silence, wore sack cloth and sat in ashes. Fu- neral songs were sung by hired singers, and splendid sepulchers containing numerous niches were carved out of rock. As a niche was filled, a stone was rolled against the opening. Q. In history, who was the Man in the Iron Mask?—R. F. A. No definite conclusion has been reached by historians regarding the identity of the Man With the Iron Mask. He has been supposed to be (1) the Duke of Vermandois, a2 natural son of Louis XIV; (2) an elder brother of Louis XIV; (3) a twin brother of Louis XIV; (4) Count Matthioli, imprisoned for treachery; (5) a soldier of fortune named Marechief, and (6) Gen. de Bulonde. Q. What species of tree is used as & memorial to a mother>—J. H. E, A. The white birch has been desig« nated officially by the American Forestry Association as the tree to commemo= rate mothers, and the tree at Reading, Pa., is called the Initial Mother's Tree. A ‘white birch tree was planted by Solan L. Parkes on the shores of Lake Antietam, near Reading, Pa., on May 13, 1923, and dedicated to motherhood. Originally designed to honor his own mother, it was later designated to honor | mothers of the world. Q. Where is the largest Oriental rug in the world>—R. C. A. It is claimed that the one in the great oval hall in Roxy's Theater, New York City, is the larg PQ'; Why is Hull House so called?— A. This famous social settlement is situated on South Halstead street, Chi- cago, and takes its name from its origi= nal building, erected in 1852 by Charles J. Hull. In 1889 Jane Addams and Ellen Starr secured a lease of a part of the building with the object of found= ing a social settlement. The earliest activities of Hull House were purely so« cial. Readings were given, a kinders garten was conducted and various fes< tivities were arranged for aged residents of the neighborhood. Gradually the scope widened and active discussion of economic questions was carried on. Q. How many sailing vessels are there in the United States?—F. E. A. In 1931 there were 1,447, with gross tonnage of 673,017. Of this numa ber 122 are engaged in foreign trade and 1,307 in coasting trade. The per= 15011;'19&_'11 of sailing vessels totaled 8,242 n 1921. Q. Why the expression “to make & Roman holiday”? L J. P, A. It refers to the custom of theé Romans of celebrating victories or other important events by sports in the arena, which often resulted in many deaths and involved much cruelty. Q. When a citizen of the United States leaves the country and joins the Soviet Union, can he return to the' United States?—M. A. S. A. If a citizen of the United States goes to the Soviet Union and becomes a citizen of that country, he can return to the United States under the provi- sions of the immigration law only. A. Are the giraffe and camel native to Africa?—D. P. A. The girafle is exclusively an African animal, but the camel was probably imported from Asia. Q. Next to Demosthenes, who was gonlsidered the greatest Greek orator?— "A This distinction is usually giveny to Aeschines, who was often an oppo~ nent of Demosthenes in debate. he Wide Wofld i Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands | and getting out of hand. Were men of: | different creeds to secure a platform; for mutually discussing problems of vital interest, the wheel of human prog-: Tess should never recede. “I don’t want' to know him for fear I should like him,™ {had ever been the unhappy slogan of’ “Lhe past and even of the present. Tay kill this spirit of unbrotherliness, it is | essential to create healthy platforms, where right-thinking and far-thinking | men and women can gather to appre- |ciate problems affecting the ~human_ |race. In order to achieve this under~ standing we must first of all get rid of | prejudice and that upon which it | feeds—ignorance. The better under- standing movement helps to men, | closer together without doing violence, | to principals and affirmations. : As Jews we hail with satisfaction the goodwill movement in Shanghai. In’ America the movement has made great progress and we rejoice to know that in ‘Shanghai it has been left to a Chrisctian divine to inaugurate it. We agree with Rabbi Dr. Isidor Warsaw |in his series of articles published in | the Jewish Sentinel, of Chicago, when | he took the stand that a goodwill move- | ment to be effective should be exclu- | sively sponsored and financed by Chris- | tians and carried on by Christians only. | That does not, of course, imply that | Jews or Mohammedans or any other. | faith must be excluded. On the con- | trary, it is highly imperative that the | movement should be represented by all | shades of religious thought and belief. ‘It is only upon such a broad platform that unity and harmony can be secured and the ultimate objective attained. Now that a start has been made, we | hope the movement in Shanghai will | succeed, grow and prosper. Congress’ Capacity. From the Baltimore Evening Sun. The new pension bill which was shot | through the House was not passed for the relief of widows and orphans of men who died defending the country, or who, died from the retarded effects of wounds received in defense of the coun- try, or even of men who fought for the country. It grants pensions to the | heirs of any one who happened to be in the Army for 90 days during the war. In other words, this is the beginning of a regular old-style pension system, such as has cursed the country ever lsln(‘e the Civil War. But it is worse | than the Civil War pension system be- cause it is superimposed on the enor= mously expensive war risk insurance scheme, which was devised to avoid the r,ecessil_v of a pension system. In brief, if is a tremendous and unconscionable squandering of the taxpayers’ money. Congress has been struggling for months with an economy program. Al-, most from the opening day of the ses- sion last December the fighting has been heavy and furious; but in the early days of the following May not one economy has yet gone into effect. The labor of five months has served only to get a certain number of bills started. However, when a chance offered to squander sums ranging between $100,- 000,000 and $150,000.000, the bill went through the House with lightning speed, and by a vote of 316 to 16. Saving the | taxpayer even $1 s labor too heavy for Congress to perform in five months; but laying a tremendous additional burden upon his back is a job Congress can at- tend to in 5 minutes. A Sliding Scale. From the Schenectady Gazette. Happy thought! Pix the budget and then pay Congressmen a percentage of the amount by which they reduce it. | e 3 Restraint. From the Hartford Daily Times. ‘ Senator Huey Long has resigned from | all committees, but he has not said tha¢ he will not start a Senate of his own, *