Evening Star Newspaper, April 28, 1932, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON. through the water at better than twn' " A8 {THE EVENING STAR jvent nomination on the first ballot. ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. ...April 28, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th 8'. and Pennsyivanis Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St icago Office: Lake Michigan Building. juropean Office. 14 Re‘ent .. London, England. Rate by Carrier Within e Evening Sta e Evening and (when 4 Sundays) ... The Evening and Sunday Sia (when 5 Sundays) ..... The Sunday Star o ,-5¢_per copy Collection made at the end of each month Orders may be sent in by mall or telephone NAtional 5000 Rate by Mail—Payzble in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dlflv ln;l Sunday. 1yr.$1000: 1 mo., s oniy 1¥r’£3.00: 1 mo. unday only . 1yr. $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c the City. L .. ..45c per month Sunday Star 60c per month T 65¢ per month All Other States and Canada. in}w and Sunday...1sr. 81208 4 mo. 31,00 Indas only 11111 3E 3800 1mos #0c Member of the Associated Press. The associated Prees is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of all news dis- ted in this published herein. Ail special dispatches he = The Cost of Government. The President outlined the theoret- fcally perfect approach to the extreme- Iy complicated national problem of | raising revenue when he proposed to the Governors assembled yesterday at Richmond that “we should, all of us, through our financial officers, give re- | newed examination to this subject in the light of conditions today end by excianges between them reconsider the whois nroblem of better co-ordination, greater sMdlicity, and, above all, better adjustmeny v4 e turdens (of taxation) | among our people” | The gross inequantiss of the tax burden, resulting from chaotic compe- tition between Federal, State and local governments to impose heavier and new forms of taxation, each segment of government bent upon meeting its own particular need for revenue, without regard to what others are doing, is one of the aggravating features of pres- ent conditions. The sane cure would lie in the acceptance of a national plan of taxation, resulting from continued co-ordination and co-operation between the taxing jurisdictions, in which the field of taxation would be more evenly | divided between them. ! “But to accomplish these things” the President reminded the Governors, *“we must have the intelligent xupponl of the people themselves, that selfish vested interests and vested habit do ! not, by their organized sectional and | group oppositions or individual action, | defeat the high purposes. The nub of the problem lies in gain- ing not only the support of the people, but their intelligent support. High ( taxation everywhere has brought about | an unprecedented revolt against costs | of Government. But, as true in any revolt, the forces unloosed are apt to be more blind than intelligent. They are apt to direct themselves to the ef- fort of merely tearing down what has | been accomplished through the years, | destroying the good with the bad, in- stead of examining the fundamental | causes of the mounting costs of Gov- | ernment and correcting those evils that, in hard times, stand out in bold relief. | The President presented figures to| show the rising cost of government, in- | cluding debt retirement. between 1913 and 1930. The totals for Federal State | and local government were $2,900,000,000 in 1913, $10.900.000,000 in 1924; $12.- 200,000,000 in 1930. The outstanding | debt increased from $4,800,000,000 in | 1913 to $30,400,000,000 in 1924 and $30,600,000,000 in 1930, and this despite the fact that the Federal Government, between 1924 and 1930, reduced its own indebtedness by some $5.000.000,000. But one prefers the President’s more apt {ilustration of what these rising costs of government have meant. “Before the war, theoretically, every man worked 25 days a year for the National, State and local Governments combined. In 1924 he worked 46 da;s a year. Today he works for the support of all forms of government 61 days out of a year. Con- tinued progress on this road is the way to national impoverishment.” { When the average min learns that) the vast agencies of Government built up in the last ten years require for his support the fruits of practically two months of & year's labor—and he is be- coming more painfully aware of that fact every day—his revolt will follow as a matter of course. The duty of the| responsible off of the Government | is to give intelligent direction to that | revolt by pointing out the difference betwesn governmental luxuries bought on the instaliment plan during fat years, and the necessities of government that must be, even at great cost, retained. —— Assertions are made by Capone that he i net at all prosperous. Even the underworld has its influences of depres- sion - The Roosevelt-Smith Race. The results of the Massachusetts and Penn: fa Democratic primaries on Tuesday were about as was expected. in that in the Bay State former Gov Smith of New York swept the polls, while in the Kevstone State Gov Roosevelt led the State-wide ballot. But in degree the votes cast in the two States wen surprising. In Smith vietory rdcd s likel the v somewhat the ! more, ; candidate at the beginning of the bal- | was | Roosevelt | The practical question is whether the combination, if thus made, can be maintained. A fight against the favorite, prior to convention, is apt to have the effect of stiffening his lines when they are finally formed at the party meeting. In other words, the stouter the minority opposition the stronger stands the phalanx of the leader. There is little chance to weaken his following by dis- persal through the favorite-son list on the later ballots. In the event of a protracted deadlock, as in 1924 at Madi- son Square Garden, a dark horse is most likely to win the nomination. In 1912 at Baltimore Champ Clark held his own as favorite and actually went | beyond the majority point, only later to | lose to Woodrow Wilson, but he was| not quite the outstanding favorite that | Roosevelt appears to be now, Further- Wilson was a strong minority loting and gained steadily. The parallel, if any is to be drawn between the present situation and that of a prior pre-convention period, would seem to lie between the 1912 l.l'.ulflon. rather than that of 1924, and that of | today. There is no conspicuous occu- ! pant of the rival field, unless it be Smith, and there seems to be little rea- son to look for a considerable increase in his convention strength now that he has absorbed Massachusetts, his best field of action, If Roosevelt holds ma- terially more than a third of the votes at the convening of the meeting—and it is more likely that he will hold more | than an actual majority—he will him-{ self enjoy the veto power which it is now the aim of the Smith faction to secure, And that may lead to a dead- lock, the eutcome of which is anybody’'s guess. —_— e Fiasco at Geneva. Secretary Stimson is leaving Geneva A sadder, but a wiser man. His mis- sion of Franco-German mediation was wrecked at the eleventh hour by French Premier Tardieu's inability to meet the American Secretary of State, the British prime minister, the Ger- man chancellor and the Italian foreign minister under Col. Stimson's saegis. Instead of presiding over a “Big Five" Conference tomorrow, as he hoped to do, Secretary Stimson will leave Geneva | and return directly to the United States. Confessing his disappointment, | he contents himself with the reflection that his trip does not represent wasted time, because it has given him first- hand knowledge of European leaders and their problems. Close acquaint- ance can hardly have strengthened Col. Stimson's faith in the Old World's | peace protestations. The cancellation of M. Tardieu's Geneva visit was officially caused by the premier’s attack of laryngitis. Europe has a word for the indisposition that overtakes statesmen at critical moments. It is known as “diplomatic sickness” On the very eve of the French parlia- mentary elections it was almost too much to expect that M. Tardieu would desert an arena in which his political existence is at stake in order to discuss international commitments that might embarrass him in that crucial contest. To paraphrase a famous French aphor- ism, it would have been magnificent, but it would not be politics. Chancellor Bruening was ready to discuss Franco-German relations under the benevolently neutral eyes of Secre- tary Stimson and Prime Minister Mac- Donald. But since last Sunday's Ger- man election results the question was bound to arise whether Dr. Bruening any longer has that free-hand authority which he possessed bcfore Hitler's party pecame the strongest political organiza- tion in the Reich. Altogether, it was Secretary Stimson’s misfortune to time his Pranco-German peace conference for this witching hour. Circumstances in both countries foredoomed it to futility Secretary Stimson craved to enact the role of honest broker in liquidating Franco-German animosities because, as a realist, he realizes that until these are removed the way can never be| paved for substantial disarmament. Of | almost equally essential importance is | & naval accord between France and! Italy. Progress in that direction, too, is conspicuous by its absence. By and e, Europe is at the same cross-roads of discord and despair as before Geneva swung into the laborfous efforts now headed for ignominious collapse. Distinctly the most important aspect of these doleful developments, as far as this country is concerned, is the Franco- Italian naval impasze. The London treaty’s “escalator” clause authorizes | Great Britain, Japan snd the United | States to bulld beyond treaty levels if | they believe their own bullding pro- grams are threatcned by non-signatory powers. The British are now apprehen- sive that they may have to invoke the cizuse bacause cf the failure of France and Italy to restrict construction plans. If Britain builds, we cannot stand idle, nor will Japan There is cne lesson at least which Congress should not hesitate any longer to draw from the flasco of Geneva. It should realize that the time has come to build the United States Navy forth- with up to the London treaty limits, as| provided in the Hale bill now pending in the Sersie. When that is done, it | wil be soon enough, should the unwel- | come ccntingency confront us, to make use of our own “escalator” | Current events in Asia, and now in Europe, demand the treaty Navy. . ——— Psychiatrists who disagree might be had been Taken was not a particu- for Gov. Roosevelt 1e net resuit seems to have been the addition of some seventv-six votes to the Smith column of delegates. which 18 & considerable factor in the case of a ecandidate for the nomination whose immediete aim appears to be to hold the veto power of a frw votes more of the total on the first ion It is now claimed by Smith's friends that these two primariss will assure him two hundred voles at Chicago. That, how=ver, is quite a long way from the veto point. There will be 1154 votes et the convention, of which 770 will be necessary to nominate, under the two-thirds rule, while 385 will be needed to prevent nomination. What the Smith supporters are evidently banging on is to hold the two hundred votes which they now assert will be his for the keeping on the first ballot, plus about as meny more cast for favorite than his supporters dry £ It is & fair assumption that such America IX, combined with charges #n ,n cafe deposit boxes, 3 bination may be effect to pre- given an opporiunity to make muiual | analyses and argue their opinions of | each other among thems-lves. - Miss America X. Gar Wood is notiing if not pee | sistent. It took him a long time to | recapture the world speed boat record from Kave Don of England, and it was only after repested experiments with his Miss America IX that he| was able to bring the title back to America. But he is not setisfied yet, and he announced in New York the | other day that the tenth Miss America ! wi'l be in commission when the Harms- | worth Trophy race is run off in Detroit next Summer. Miss America X, sc- ' cording to the veteran pilot, will be |several feet longer than any of her predecessors, and her two twelve-cylin- ! dered motors will be supercharged by & new system to develop a total horse- Ipower of néaly four thoussnd. Wood miles a minute. 1t is probably just as well that Wood has made the decision to build & new boat, because Lord Wakefield has al- ready ordered work started on his third Miss England, which will be driven worth Cup event but in straightaway speed trials as well. Miss England II was the boat that Don raced last year against Wood and the beating it gave him will probably never be forgotten by the Detroit sportsman. It ran rings around Miss America IX and would undoubtedly have captured the race but for the unfortunate accident which capsized it and sent it to the bottom of the river. Miss England III, ac- cording to advices from abroad, will be even faster and Don hopes to drive her ' to world supremacy. ( Wood and Lord Wakefield appear to | be the only contenders for speedboat | honors. Miss Barbara Carstairs, the plucky little English girl, after spend- ing more than half a million dollars on her Miss Estelle boats and never reaching a speed greater than ninety- five miles an hour, reluctantly 2n- nounced her withdrawal from competi- tion “because it is too expensive a sport for me.” 8o it looks as iIf Wood and Lord Wakefleld, through Don. will have to fight it out all by themselves. The coming race therefore looms &s an interesting event, especially if Wood adheres to s intention of putting only Miss America X in competition against Miss England IIT and not. as he has done in previous years, racing two of his Miss Americas against lone foreign challenger. One against one is certainly fairer than two against one, and if it had been so last year, George Wood, his brother, would never have romped to easy victory in Miss America VIII when Miss America IX was disqualified and Miss England sank. ‘There should be an exciting battle on the Detroit River next September. e When psychiatrists disagree it might be well to provide systems of examina- tion to show which of them are men- tally equipped to make the delicate distinctions as to intellectual responsi- bility for which they may be profes- sionally called upon. r——— Earnest admirers of Smedley Butler will never be lacking, even though they have to decide that nature designed him for & warrior rather than a poli- tician, —— So energetic a campaign has been conducted by Smith and Roosevelt that it would seem rather too bad if some dark horse should step in and take the nomination. e When an attorney in a celebrated case works hard for a reputation, he takes & chance. Reputations do not always carry certainty as to just what kind they will prove to be. e It has been demonstrated that ex- traordinary prosperity may exist largely in imagination. The same thing will be easily shown about hard times. et e Even the stock market has its press agents who work for comparatively slight compensation and do not get in for a percentage of profit with the big show. e The habitual speculator is very likely to lose interest in any investigation of the stock market when he becomes convinced that it will disclose no new ways to beat it. e ————— New York's block aid movement will hardly be permitted to neglect Wall Street, where so many brokers declare they have been sadly impoverished. S Doubts arise as to where Al Capone is right now. One thing is certain, he has not been kidnaped. SHO! 00TING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNEON. Primitive Society. How frequently you hear a song About a tropic isle ‘Where flowers bloom long And people love to smile. A thought ancestral brought them glee Whenever they would meet, They liked 'most any one th Quite well enough to eat. the whole year Of innocence so sweet and+kind We truly love to tell. To music they were much inclined. They danced exceeding well A pleasant compeny, they'd turn Unte a question vexed. Most eagerly they'd wait to learn ‘Who should be roasted next. Question of the Day. “What do you regard As the great question of the day?" “We hive to worry about so many different things.”" replied Senator Sor- ghum, “that the answer depends on what day it happens to be.” Jud Tunkins savs he wonders why the most skeptical folks are somehow in- clined to put faith in any stranger that'll give them a hoss-race tip. Curieus Boasting. When bears persistently annoy And will not mind their bosses Some of us find a curious joy In bragging of our losses. In the Lead. “Who was the leader of the gang that you and the boys went after?” asked the traveling salesman. “I don’t know his name" answered Cactus Joe. “But you csn figure for yourself: It was the one who could run the fastest.” Riches are like men,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “They lose re- panionship.” Extreme Propriety. The tunes T joyously receive When radio warblers send them. As for the words, T make believe I do not comprehend them. stenin’ respectful will make you again by Don, not only in the Hlms-: spect if they drift into unworthy com- | BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Spring has come to our garden be- cause the thrush has returned. is brown back and spotted chest, more than the green of grass and shrubs and irees, tells the truth of the season. No flare-back of cold weather can fool us now, since the flute-like tones of the thrush have begun to sound in our trees. Which thrush, of the several varie- ties, this one is, we are not enough of en ornithologist to know. In fact, it makes little difference. A thrush is a thrush, after all. Some are larger than others, some browner, some with larger white spots on their vesls, some nave crests and some go without, but each and every one of them is & thrush, which is just another way of saying that it is a| gentleman. o %% A gentleman of birds is the thrush. as well as tne finest musician of them all. As he walks around on the lawn in the twilight, or hops scdately beneath the shrubbery, he gives the distinct mpression that he is there by right of_eminent domain. This is r11 the more queer. too, since it said that originally he was a woods bird. One variety is even called the wood thrush. He got over his fear of mankind early, however, and today is one of our tamest of song birds. He seems to pre- fer to be near the haunts of man. The gardener may him for coming so early, when there he might live free from the dangers | which beset him near human habita- tion. * oo ox No doubt the thrush, as the robin, finds & cultivated garden a fine place, a veriuable larder, filled with the most deliclous worms. bugs. insects. and 50 on. The mealy lawns and borders, in a more or less constant state of cultivetion, evidently appeals to nim. This is just what a thrush prefers. Here, beneath lilac and althea, or vonder where rhododendrons grow on the north side of the house, he will walk st his esse at sundown, eating himself & supper before he goes to bed The thrush, honest gentleman that he is. never heard the mandate of human physicians, that eating before going to bed “is bad for you." What a lot of pother the birds have missed! No doubt if they had doctors, too, they would have been told long ago that raw worm. especially when eaten at one gulp, is very bad for you As for a strict diet of insects, caught on the wing, no sane thrush (so they would have been advised) would think of eating in such a manner. * ok % % The thrush, we have said. is a gentle- man (and & gentlewoman, too) but he is a musician above all. A gentleman musician, if you will. Perhaps it is absurd of us, but we never hear a thrush singing without |lmnklng of Fritz Kreisler and his vio- lin. charm of melodv—the thrush in our garden has all these. He is one of the real singers of the bird world. How his beautiful melody. clear, wist- ful, strikes across the wings of the morning! It is not choppy, as the call of the robin is. nor strident. like the chatter j of the big blue jays, but is a setisfying musical bit. of a definite song pattern. In its execution the song of the thrush leaves nothing to be demanded. It is perfect, in its way, & veritable liquid melody, the very essence of the great woods. o ox % ‘There is a great woods around this town, but you have to know where to go to find it. RISH INDEPENDENT, Dublin.— American cities are considering re- forms in their methods of tax col- lection. One proposal is that taxes should be collected in three or four installments instead of two. Another and levy the rates at different times, on different blocks. The main purpose of both plans is Lo insure a steady flow of revenue throughout the year, rather than a big rush at one period and a complete stoppsge at another. Rate payers would probably welcome such reforms in this coun: Irish local bodies now pay large sums terest on overdrafts because their cof- fers are exhausted while rates are over- due. The system of paying in one or two installments began when local rates were almest n-~gligible: now the rate peyer would welcome a spread-over. There is at present no induccm nt to pay up promptly beczuse the local bod- ies, not being business concerns. give no discount. In any case, this cumbersome arrang-ment by which the community maintains a large and well-paid army of rate collectors and tax-collectors who merely act as conduii pipes to piss on the cheques is antiquated and absurd. There is no reason why income tax and rates should not be paid like oiher ac- counts without the intervention of well- paid officials whose work is mainly clerical. * % % x Jobless Apply For Places in Colony. Cevlon Deily News, Colombo.— Twenty-five intending colonist, their ages ranging from 21 (o 12, have sought admission to the Keintara Scout Colony | which wos opened a short time ago under the auspices of the Boy Scout Association. The applicants are from Colombo, Wattrgama. Ragama, Gampaha, Aku- ressa, Verangoda. Potubera, Rusnwells. Ratnapu'a, Ehelivagoda, Pugoda and Aiszvella The ages range from 31 to 12. For the pressnt the applicants have been classified into three sections, The first section is composed of un- emp! d boys and young men who are to work on the land in return for their upkeep and educaticn. They have been asked to state what their object is in coming to the colony, what they in- tend doing afler training in the colony, how long they expect to stay there. and whether they will be prepared to refund at a liter date any expenditure In- curred by the Boy Scout Association cn their upkeep and education. The ap- plicants of this class ha been In- structed to report themseives at the col- ony on the 1ith instant. Until their specicl talents are discovered in the | course of their Scovt training, thoy wiil {all studv practical egriculture and ex- tend whatever know!dge they have of | English and Sinhalese * v % % | Tack of Watches Causes Soviet Wrecks, Frening Times. Girsgow (Dispatch from Mescow.) —The lack of watches in Soviet pockets is nartially blamed by the Transport Unien for recent reilway disasters. No wonder offic declare that se- rious wrecks occur, that trains are often la > and the transnoriation system 28 & whole suffers from k or cu-ordination * said Uncle Eben; “but not if you believe everything you hear.” - Exhibition Base Ball. Prom the New York Sun One of the easiest ways to go mad is to try to figure out what exhibition base ball means. | believes that the extra seven hundred horsepower over thet used in Miss the hull, will send the sleek craft Too Many Holes. Prom the Philadeiphia Evening Bulletin. While the House was laying & tax did it come to overlook the eld when guards, poin‘smen and even en- gine drivers cannot determine whether they ere cperating their trains accord- Ing to the time table. ‘To meet the situzticn the union, act- |ing in concert witifthe commissariat of transport, tried for some months the experiment of issuing watches to men as they went on duty and having them turned in st the close of work so they would be avallable for the rext shift. This proved unsstisfactory, chiefly ybacau » the watches were not given sufficient care. Now the union has called on the commi-sariat of supply, which is re- Eponsible for the production of such ar- be grateful to| 15 s0 much park land to the east, where | is to divide the municipality into blocks, | | chesty specimens of robins as this year. grubs, | condition_of | |the course of the disease. These two | the thrush, especially heard at dusk, ‘Trueness of note, loveliness of tone, | |cian to turn the descending phrases of | nghlights_on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands | Washington, and when they com rrow and It is down a terrible road, nai feet in steep, with ruts almost two depth. At some places there is no passing, 80 that a car coming in the opposite direction would be forced to back up for an eighth of & mile or so. Going along here one might think himself in the Ozarks, or what one's mental picture of the Ozarks is, at any rate, One does not flatter them, evi- dently, ‘Then one enters the woods. ‘The trees here stand two or three feet apart, or half & dozen at the most, as far_as the eyes can see. One never vealized that there was such a thick woods so close to the great city. x * ox % ‘The first thrush is not the type which will come later. This one is larger, and of a more lightly toned brown. Some people call him the “woods thrush,” although he is no more from the forests than the Gthers, His song is more bubbling. more varied, than that of the later-arriving and smaller birds. It does not, however, contain the distinct song pattern which theirs does, and it has more gurgles and chirps in it. That other honest bird, the robin, incessant in its search for worms, has no real song at all, but his constant chattering and calling often fools hu- man auditors into thinking that he has, Robins and thrushes are closely re- lated. Certainly they are both sedate, well mannered fellows, not forever screaming at the tops of their volces, but going about their proper business of bird life as if thev knew what they were doing and exactly how to do it. Few Springs have ever seen such Or is it that one has forgotten just how puffed out they look. with their orange breasts, not red at all? * ook X queer thing that the word should have been applied to two diseases, one of children's throats and the other of the horse's foot. Per- haps the former got fts name from the fancied resemblance between the white spots on the breast of the thrush and the pearl-colored fungus visible during meanings need not bother the American rp.:er. a3 they are mostly used in Eng- and. As one listens, especially at twilight, | to the song of the thrush it is impos- sible to associate it with anything but loveliness and happiness. 1f cne has lived in the city and not been serenaded by these birds, and then moves to the country. he may find at first that there is a slight melancholy associated with the clear, cool notes, This aspect. however, quickly fades away, being. in fact, nothing more than the ordinary sadness which is a part of beautiful music. Great music, prop- erly rendered, has a certain tinge of sorrow to it. Perhaps it recalls to the ! brooding human mind, even more than great writing, the saddest facts of man's | estate in this curious world. However that may be, the song of ultimaiely comes to have no meaning in it but that of beauty, that of happi- ness, as those liquid tones flute out in the still air. Longer than almost any other bird. the thrush sings in the gloaming, as if understanding that few have a more beautiful song than he, and as if de- termined to cheer the world of listeners as long as he could. The world has been waiting, all these years, not for the sunrise, as the sons said, but for some great human mu-, the thrush song into music of a human | kind. Even if this were done, however, | ihe bird would relgn supreme: no cne can take his song away from him. and no one would want to; it is creation’s composition, fresh and lovely in a de- pressed world. { ticles of light industry, to speed up the output of watches so that at least all railwarmen to whom they sre indis- pensible may have them. * % % ¥ Bollvian Tax | Collectors Marked. La Razon, La Paz—The di; of the municipel treasury once more that the only persons au- thorized to collect the city land taxes and light and water rates are provided with a distinguishing badge, and carry 8 duplicate receipt book, each ac- knowledgment in which bears the seal and signature of Senor Juan Lopez Gonziles Q. the director of the treas- ury. Checks will be received in lieu of cash provided they are indited to th order of the tesoro municipal (ci treasury). It is hoped this further cau- ton to the public will obviate the col- lection of taxes, urgently required for the municipality, by unaccredited and dubious elements who desire to convert the amounts collected to their own profit. | * ko % Ship Line Stops Service for Tourists. La Tribuna, San Jose—The Ham- burguesa American (Line) has desisted for the time being all efforts to convey European tourists to Costa Rica. The depressed economic conditions of the nations of the old continent make prac- tically impossible the realization of projects of this character. This infor- leation was imparted to us yesterday by the agent of this distinguished com- pany “el caballero Don Victor Fablano." The tourist trade from North Ame ica” asserts this gentleman, “is t| only one which any longer offers ai opportunity to the steamship companies, and this because of the proximity of the United Siates, the comparative cheap- necs and brevity of the voyage, the in- terest of North Americanh in Costa Rica and the peculiar fact that many of them vet have money, and 8o become potentiel excursionists. 1 believe that Costa Rica is even a more favorite de: tination of such tourists than Cuba. Nevertheless it is clear that the pression has affected profoundly turismo” even to our country. z - Foresees Creation Of U. S. Nut Bureau From the Chicago Daily T¢ ibune. A news item from Salem, Or that the Federal employes ?ne‘én:l.({: Lake National Park will count the nuts the squirrels store awny this Fal Students of Government are advised 10 watch this. because here ix the genee of a Government bureau. It is not a ways posiible to catch one f breaks the shell. i research various t TFrom the Crater Lake reports will go to e in & new set of offices with doorman, usher. superintendent, chief clerk, three as- ;x]ax;n:t 'r!'krsk.n l;m stenographers, three clerks and a publicity Vi bz‘xrrq'nrrd. P Rt ‘m‘ n 1933 this force will be e: to meet the increase demands. x‘?lntne"fi then consist of 50 fleid agents, 30 envelope addressers, 2 policemen, 2 private elevator operators, 10 type- sctters and 3 pressmen. Later there will be 6 chemists, 200 forestry expert 10 acorn experts, 10 chestnut spec'alists and 10 eagents we!l informed as to hickory nuts and paper shell pecans In 1936 the bureau will move into a building of its own and by 1940 the | ' squirrel and rodent department will be one of the foundations of the Govern- ment and the secretary will be expected to deliver 30 delegates to the Republican National Convent’on. In the meanwhile the new bureau of Government may advise the citizens how to live after the taxes have been pald. There may be dlough acoms. G. Gould Lincoln. “Well, I guess that will put a chock under_the bandwagon.” commented Al- fred E. Smith when he read yesterday the returns from the Democratic pri- maries in Massachusetts and Pennsyl- vania. His comment effectually re- moves the polite fiction that Mr. Smith is not in this race to “stop any one.' The bandwagon to which the Demo- cratic standard bearer of 1928 had ref- erence was the presidential candidacy of Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York. ‘The results of these primaries will undoubtedly give the anti-Roosevelt Democrats heart to go on with the fight to prevent Roosevelt’s nomination in Chicago. But just where do they leave Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Smith? In the first place, Roosevelt lost Massa- chusetts to Smith, as every ome ex- pected he would lose, althcugh by a eater margin. In the second place, oosevelt carried Pennsylvania against Smith, a victory which had been claimed by the Roosevelt forces but vehemently denied by the Smith and enti-Roosevelt people. In both Penn- sylvania and Massachusetts Smith had ihe edvantage of being backed by the leaders of the Democratic State organi- zations. That was true in Pennsyl- vania well as in Massachusetts. And in the Kevstone Stite Smith had rolled up a million votes in the election in 1928. The showing he made in the pri- mary there Tuesday was not indicative of any great desire on the part of the voters to gee him renominated. * ok ox % Roosevelt. it appears, undoubtedly has a majority of the delegates to the Democratic national convention elected in Pennsylvania, though just what the division will be remains to be seen. Rocsevelt leaders are claiming 58 or 60 of the 76 votes Pennsylvania will have in the national convention. The Smith estimate is that 40 of these delegate votes will be for Al Smith. ‘The Roosevelt lead in the presidential preference primary has grown to some- thing like 25,000, and may go to 30,000. In view cf the small vote cast in the Democratic primary in Pennsylvania that lead looms greater than it other- wise would. In Philadelphia, which was supposed to reek with Smith sentiment, Mr. Smith received only 18.000 votes to 9000 for Roosevelt. In 1928. 276.000 votes were cast for Smith in Philadel- phia. The vote in the primary Tuesday did not indicate any great demand for the former New York Governor for Pres- ident, nor for Roosevelt, either. It merely demonstrated again how over- whelmingly Republican _Pennsylvania really is. Neither Mr. Roosevelt, Mr. Smith nor any other Democrat whom the national convention may nominate for President has, it scems, any more chance of carrying Pennsylvania next November than has President Hoover of carrying South Carolina. * x x % It looks as thcugh Gov. Roosevelt had made a teciical error in going into ! the primary in Massachuseits. Had he let that contest go by default to| Smith, with all the Democratic leaders there favoring Smith as they were, Roosevelt would not now be in the po- sition of having to explain why he made no better showing in the Bay State on Tuesday. The enthusiastic Mayor Curley of Boston, however, led Gov. Roosevelt to believe that there was & chance to pick up delegates in the Bay State. Mr. Curley was mis- taken. Furthermore, the Democratic leaders, including Senators Walsh and Coolidge and Gov. Ely, were even more intent upon smashing Mayor Curley and his political emuitions than they were upon smashinz Gov. Now they are definitely aligned with Smith and the “stop Roosevelt” move- ment, * ok % % . On the other hand, Smith's success sachusct; have a very dis- t net effeci on U I in other Stla the anti-Rooze:elt 3 States of the Middle West and West the Democrats are strongly against the renomination of Smwith. They hzve taken to Roosevelt largely because ho represented a real rallying post against Smith If they believe now that Smith's backers are going to try to nominate Smith, they are likely to stick closer than ever to Roosevelt. As the contest between Roosevelt and the field continues, one thing becomes more 2nd more apparent. The out- standing lsaders in the present national set up of the Democratic party are in- tent upon defeating the New York Covernor, while the rank and iile of the peri has shown itseld particularly strong for Roosevelt. It begins to look as though the fight in the convention would be ltrgely one beiween these anti-Roosevelt leacers and the less well organized group of pro-Roosevelt people. These leaders -ewd politicians. And strange ms seem, most of them come from States which rarely go Democratic in national elections. Frank Hague, the New Jersey Democratic boss and a vice chairman of the Democratic National Committee, is one of thewr. The Penn- sylvania national committeeman and State chalrman, Sedwick Kistler. and John R. Collins, are opposed o Rocse- velt. Cermack, the new Democratic mayor of Chicago, who has demon- strated his hold on the Democracy of Illincis in the recent primarfes, is § lined to play ball with the anti-Roose- velt leaders, and so on down the line. Chairman Raskob of the National Com- mittee, it has been asserted again and again, is strongly opposed to the Roosc- velt nomination, and Mr. Raskob has been the financial angel of the Demo- cratic national organization, not ouly in the 1928 campaign, but also since 1928. Then there is John F. Curry, leader of Tammany Hall. Mr. Curry has played an extremely clever game s0 far. Neither coming out for or against Gov. Roosevelt, but demon- strating his ability to seize control in New York Democratic politics, * X ox % It takes 770 votes in the Democratic | National Convention to nominate a presidential candidate under the two- thirds rule. If 285 votes are lined up and cast for other candidates, and never go to Roosevelt, he cannot be nominated under that rule. The dan- zer to the Roosevelt opposition lies in the fact that if Mr. Rocosevelt gets over a majority of the convention vote and within striking distance of the necessary two-thirds, delegates will flop over to him. The anti-Roocevelt lead- ers are counting on the following dele- gates to the national convention Connecticut (for Smith), 16; Illinois (for Lewis), 58; Maryland «for Ritchic), 6 Massachusetts (for Smith), 36: Missouri (for Reed), New Jer (for Smith), 32; New York (for variou candidates other than Rootevelt), 55: Oklahoma (for Murray), 22; North Dekota (for Murray), 1; Ohlo (for ‘White) . Pennsylvania (for Smith) 6; Rhode Island (for Smith 10; s «for Garner), 46; Virginia (for Byrd). 2 totel of 419. If there 24—a chould be added North Carolina's vn- instrucled 26 and 10 of Louislana’s 20, ¢ would bring the grand total of Roose- antis to 455. Bnt the question is. how long can they count on these delcgates? Take Tllinois. for examole. Senator Lewis will have the delegation on the first ballot if he wants it. But when it breaks up, where is the delegation go- ing? Undoubledly some of the dele- gates will follow Cermack’s leadership and go to Smith or some other candi- date than Rooszvelt. But Roosevelt may neve-theless b able to count on & good block of these llinois delegates, partic- cularly those from “down State.” Ther~ will be Roosevelt strength in the big Ohio dnlr&nlnn. which will start out for Gov. White. Reed's Missour! del>- galion is expected to swing to Roose- velt early in the game. There is con- sidersble sentiment in Texas, too, for the New york Qovernor, and he may 2t a good batch of the Lone Star State lcgates If Speaker Garner is out of picture early. Down in Virginis. = former Gov. Harry Flood Byrd = favorite son candidate, there is no disposition to follow the lead of Messrs. Smith. Raskob and perbaps John F. Curry of Tammany Hall in their fight ve Roosevelt. | Stop a minute and think about t.hh‘ fact. You can ask our information bu- reau any question of fact and get the answer back in & personal letter. It is | a great educational idea introduced into | the lives of the most intelligent people in the world—American newspaper readers. It is s part of that best pu pose of a newspaper—service. There | is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Get the habit of asking questions. Address your letter to The Evening Star Information | Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, ‘Washington, D. C. Q. Do the women of New Zealand vote?—A. O. N. A. They have had the franchise since 1893 and make use of it almost as free- Iy as the men do. Mors than 75 per cent cast ballots. Q. In roulette, what do the expres- sions manque, en plein, a cheval and un carre indicate?—R. E. W. A. Manque means a bet that the number coming up will be from 1 to 18: en plein is & bet on a single num- ber; a cheval is a bet on the line be- tween two numbers and un carre is & bet on a cross line taking in four nu: bers. The odds paid on these bets are, respectively, even money, 35 to 1, 17 to |1and 8 to 1. Q. When was Mount Vernon built?— A G. G. A. It was built in 1743 by Lawrence Washington, the half-brother of George ‘Washington. Q. How much do opera glasses mag- nify?>—H. W. A. Usually the magnifying power is/ from two to three, since the object is to rather than to make out details. Q. What is galyak fur?—A. H. A. It is the pelt of aborted lambs of | either of the two breeds of Asiatic-| Russian sheep known as Bokhara and | Karakul. It Is an inferior fur, since the | hair has just begun to show above the skin. A moire effect is sometimes, al- though not usually, present. Q. How far should the crthodox Jew travel from his home on the Sab- bath?—P. W. I A. Dr. Shapiro, chief of the Semitic | Division of the Library of Congress, | says that among orthodox Jews a Sab- | bath day's journey is limited to 2,000 cubits to and from a dwelling place. A man taking his dwelling place as a center may move on the Sabbath for- ward and back 2000 cubits each way as many times as he pleases within a circle the radius of which is 2,000 cubits. The greatest length, therefore, in a line which a man may travel is 4,000 cubits. A. In the English language, neke name or eke name Appears as early as 1440. Possibly meaning to cut, as a nickname is usu- ally a cutting of the full name. Q. of which there is a record?—J. F. A. The earliest of which there is a record appeared in Brescia, in 1550. Shortly afterward, around 1575, violins were being made in Cremona by Andrea jAmati, and from that time until the beginning of the nineteenth century {Cremona was the most important violin | center in the world. Q. What State has the largest num- ber of old-fashioned small town and country stores?—A. L. M. | A. Texas leads with 52,522. | Q. What is the origin of the judictal oath?—J. E. D. A. The custom of an official’s taking an oath of office faithfuily to administer | the laws did not originate with the Christian religion. From the earliest Q. Why is a nickname so called?— | WM it comes from nick, | When was the earliest violin made | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. records of the Jews such oaths wers required. Q. Is Great Britain losing or gain- ing population?—T. 8. - A. She is gaining. Not only is the native population gaining, but for the first time in the recorded history of British immigration and emigration the tide has turned back to the British Isles, 53,000 more persons entering the United Kingdom last year than leavin; Most have returned from other parts of the empire. For as long as records stand, each year has seen a sirong | movement outward until last year. Q. What is the name of the arch 5o often seen in pictures of Japanese scenes?’—T. O'B. A. Toril are the simple ornamental arches, consisting of two upright posts supporting a concave lintel, which are often placed at the gpproaches to Japa- nese shrines and temples. Q. Is farming the basic industry of the United States?—M. T. A. Throughout most of the history of the United States farming was re- garded as the basic industry. With the rise of manufacturing, particularly since 1900, the value of manufactured products has exceeded the value of farm products. Today only a fracticn of the working people are employed on farms, whereas earlier in our history nearly all were so employed. While farming remains practically indispen- sable, it no longer is the basic indus- try. If a single industry were to be selected among the manufacturing in- dustries it would be steel, as that in- cludes iron and coal. The United States now is classed as an industrial rather than an agricultural nation. make a pleasant and """h'ul"':“""}u-ny States, taken individually, would | still show farming as the basic industry | For the world, agriculture must still be regarded as basic, as from agriculture must come the food of the people, without which there could be no other industry. 5%, Wt are totipalmate birds?— A. Those having toes completely webbed, such as the pelican. Q. What does W. R. 8. B. R. stand for?—H. W. A. For White Russian Socialist Soviet Republic. Q. What was the name given to Confederate submarines in the Civil War?—B. L. | A. They were known as Davids. | Q Please give some information about the Liberty elm at Clinton, Pa. | —A. N. W. | A. The Indians used to hold their tribal rites under this tree and under it later in its history, on July 4, 1776, a Declaration of Independence was sign- ed by the “Fair Play Men,"~ who sent two messages to the Continental Con- gress at Philadelphia. Also, under this iree the first treaty was made between the white men and the Indians, but no exact date can be set for this. . The tree is still standing and is about 500 years old. Q. When did people begin to bury their dead?—A. J. M. A. The fear of the dead body led primitive man to dispose of it. This originated the custom of burning, bury- ing, and otherwise disposing of the dead. Wells says that even the Neanderthal man seems to have buried his dead and apparently with food and weapons. Dancing and feasting were & part of the primitive ceremony—danc- ing, to frighten away evil spirits; feast- ing, in honer of the dead. e What chemical will dsolve glass? A Hydrofluoric acid or a mixture of hydrofluoric and suhphuric zcids dis- solves glass rapidly. Greatest care must Events Here and in Europe Revive Discussion of Dels. New interest has been added to the | American consideration of the war debts and German reparations. The British postponement of the subject in | making its budget, Senator Borah's declaration on the relation of arma- ments to debt cuts, and former Gov. Smith's 20-year moratorium idea have served to inspire diseussion of the effect of canceilation on the United States. “France, England and Italy cannot simply refuse to pay and repudiate their debts,” declares the Newark Evening News, holding that “it would be volun- tary bankruptcy, which would destroy their own currencies.” The Evening News also observes t “expert opin: ion ranges all the wi through the Smith plan for a 20-year moratorium, with credits for purchases from this country, to the Borah sug- gestion that the debts could be cut if the debtors first did away with their heavier armaments, with reparations and with the ‘war guilt’ and other co troversial clauses in the Versall treaty.” “Cancellation, without a changze in the war spirit. would be futile, accord- ing to Borah,” rays the Devenport Democr and here is an instance in which more than the usual number of pecple agree with him.” The Akron Beacon Journal voices the opinion: “Senator Borah warns European gov- ernments not to come to America for any further debt relief until they have settled their own reparations, reduced the billions they are blowing in every vear for the upk>cp of armies and vies, and revised the injustice of the Vi y. While this stand will probably bring little revenue to ths American treesury, it has the virtue of serving notice that if our taxpayers ar> t bear the shame of their repudiation. The omission from budgets amounts to just that.” “There i8 wide technical difference between ceasing payments and cance!- Jation,” advises the Hartford eily Times. “Cancellation requires the initiative or consent of the creditor. There is no reason for haste abcut that. If France and Great Britain, notwith- sianding the visible wealth of France and the sureness of British fiscal suffi- ciency in good times, come to conclu- sion thit the obligitions owed to the United States ate not binding, Senatcr Glass has asked, ‘What can America do about it?" At least the United S can express regret and amazement and refuse to connive in such an Injustice to the Ameri*an taxpayer. Our coun- try will not attempt to collect the debts by force of arms. It probably will not exert economic pressure to influence its debtcrs. It cannot lose sight of the iact the® an early return of better times aorosd may establish a new con- dition for the debt problem. In any case, it should not tear up and throw out the window billions in notes which were signed volun‘arily by the great powers abroad embodying a ccnfract which should be kept honorably, if not to the lette “In Congress and throughout the population.” thinks the Scuth Bend Tribune, “the purpose apparently is to let Europe default rather than t> sanc- tion officially the transfer of the World War burden from European to American choulders.” The Cleveland News holds that “edjustments do not come as the resuit of deblor nations ignoring their cbligations.” One concession, however, is seen by the Providence Journal, which states: “It seems plain that the British government expects defnite remdjust- againtt Roosevelt. difficult del-ge' t de app o b2a anti-Rorsevell pars o as voll a Gov. Rooreveit et to o travel Uy w‘»v&:mm campaign. Virgini a may be a T fine aned n C led in | saddled with the debts. Europe must | be exercised in using these acids. ment of German reparations schedules | &t the Lausanne conference in June. | Furthermore, if reparaticns should be scaled down, it is protable that new agreements covering the obligations of the former allied governments t> the British government would be in order.” | _“We now know,” asserts the Wall | Street Journal, “that it was the repara- tions and the debts which finally pre- | cipitated the catastrophic drop in | commodity pricas, and that it was this drop which at one and the ssme time generated the crisis which has shaken | the credit structures of the world and by destruction of profit in industry and commerce has been by far the greatest | cause in producing unemplioyment. That { harm bas been done. It may be too | much to say that it can all be quickly undone by getting these debts and reparations out of the world's economic structure. But it is quite certain that the most effective single step that can | be taken looking to a start toward world recovery is to do precisely that thing. Our Government has a claim against allled dsbtors aggregating something like $250.000.000 a year and gradually | Increasing. But what is that in come parison to what this depression is cost- ing agriculture and labor zlone, to say nothing of other interests? A few months ago there was a reduction in wages of railroad operatives that took | about $200,000,000 a year from their earnings. There is no reliable esti- mate of total wages in 1931, but the re- ductions must be a staggering total. The income of agriculture in the past year wes about $3,000,000,000 less than the average.” “The more one thinks about the matter.” according to the Birmingham Age-Herald, “the more one deplores the | stupidity of Congress in the adopfion of the rezolution of ‘not one penny less.’ 1If that had not happened, we may be sure that Europe would not be trying to squeeze piay on w | paying the price of inflexib!! | Mr. Hoover could have been in a posi- tion to negotiate, the world would be much nearer a harmonious solution of the debts problem than it is at present. The administration’s hands were tied; |1t could initiate nothing in this fleld. | It could only sav that it was Europe's job to do something, and now Europe is doing something, greatly to our dis- pleasure.” Or Perhaps Ch From the Sioux Falls Dally Argus-Leader. Probably we should arrange hereafter to hold our elections on April 1. That would be fitting, as there i no time in the year when the voters are fooled more thoroughly than they are on elec- tion day. - -——— Living Antiques. From the Janesville Daily Garette. If old Noah could get back he would be surprised at the same vaudeville jokes he used to tell Shem, Ham and Jnkpheth and the deckhands around the ark. — e May Raise Geese. Prom the San Antonio Express Eggs sell for 40 cents a dozen in Moscow. The Soviets' hens probably will be* shot for treason to the five- year plan. s T — New No Man's Land. From the Des Moines Tribune. Visiting Kentucky nowadays is just s sbout as hazardou: a7 was making dash into “no men’: land” in 1917. ——r— RSty How About More Slips? Oetant T g t fic i, It 18 sald, was writ- ten 32 coniuries og0. And the next day, probably, some one invented the rejection slip. .