Evening Star Newspaper, February 4, 1932, Page 5

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1932. * A5 CHINA HOLDS OWN IN SHANGHAI FIGHT Shell Starts Fire Inside In- ternational Zone During Battle. inued From First Page.) the staff was busy directing reet fighting in the city and by radio the attacks by 1bers tack, which Japanese end in clearing out all the North Chapei, was to Chinese positions with ma- and three-inch artillery, the bluejackets would withdraw while the bombing ved down and dumped their argoes on the buildings held After this the blue- to rush in agein in an at- to gain a few yards during the n that was expected to result. Gained Only a Little, r in the day the d they had “gained They hoped the com- and aerial attacks this uld flatt out the congested permit more open fight- ke possible a more rapid aval forces bombarding Woo- W t commercial cable io and the great the only means of 1 h the outside world. tonight Chinese head- he fighting at Woosung the Chinese still hold- It seemed likely that t would be resumed Yo-l commander | and Amer- naval British destruction of the | omised to provide a Forts Withstand Attack. fort r own under the t today as they did 1 at one time they were » Japanese to have been held thy helling took place be- noon. an_evewit- er that Japanese closer to the forts, in order to draw se guns. The chief Chinese, however, | machine gunners on | rived,” the observer said, trovers apparently had | as beached. But it got | ned down the river. | planes then roared h_arrived from Manila | rnecks took it in | “Where's the war?’ the warships' gun: er and the rattle of the per fire in the city smote Ain’t That Music!™ were marched to the ement, where they ce posts to protect Americar nd property. “Ain't that music! shouted another Marine as they were E fI the distance to the settle- the wharf. i nes d hes from Tokio snxd‘ nese government decided today a full army division of fresh Shanghal to replace the 5,000 who have been fighting | Chinese there since last Fri- e decision to send the army on was reached last Monday at a | between Foreign Minister { Yoshizawa and the ministers v and navy, Gen. Araki and It was ratified by the g the settlement afternoon. A de- went forward and post on the rife h for the past six days volunteers from the ouse was under g the sniping, and undoubted: ands of bullets du the volunteers held it. Ips Clean Streets. f the city were dis- y that had struck houses and fallen ur of rain served to ed streets, Work on ies continued at a fast ttlement. Japanese in control of stations ea of the settlement reports that the Chinese { take them over. Sniping alter the fighting ied e naval airplanes h Station area of he afternoon. Business ndstill as people filled the roofs watching the bomb- ns, and the sky was dark- smoke from the Chnapel fires 1t homes and business houses | were strengthened 1 ons were prora- 1 buildings and a sta layed on al reports that 120 Japanese were concentrated on aircraft : off the Saddle Islands Bay heightened appre- her bombardment from | e the bombardment of the Woo- forts was going_on 50 British rs aboard the Brtish steamer gtien found themselves in a dan- spot ien, their enlistment periods bound for Tientsin. Just as Gen. Chang of Kentucky Spectal Dispatch to The Star EW YORK, February 4.—Over in China in the thick of the fighting is Gen. Chang Hui- Chang. They call him Gen. Chang, and he is commander in chief of the Chinese air forces, but his neme isn't Chang at all, and he isn't even Chinese. Gen. Chang originally was a Ken- tuckian, and his home now is at Hig- ginsville, Mo. In the United States and the world, the head of the Chinese air service is known as Bert Hall. During Lafayette Escadrille, this air bagger 20 enemy planes, and received official credit tor nine. There is no telling how many additional will be added to his crop if the Sino-Japanese conflict continues. Gen. Chang Since 1929, During the World War he crossed tracer bullets with the finest airmen the Germans produced, and he came a few occasions. He is one of the best flyers in the Orient. Hall mas been Gen. Chang since 1929, but only his relatives and his closest he had acopted the Oriental name. Since then he has slipped from one | command to another as various Chinese CHINA'S AVIATION CHIEF REAL SOLDIER OF FORTUNE. in practically every otner country of the World War as a member of the fiighter out able to answer roll call on all but | friends knew it for a long time after | | factions came into power. Only last | Summer, according to a letter received here by Lieut. John J. Niles, who first | met Hall when they both were fiying | in France, Gen. Chang took seven of | his best pilots and deserted the Nank- | ing government to become head of the air corps of the Canton government. His friends are watching develop- | ments_closely across the Pacific, for they know that Bert will be found wherever there is fighting. and when last heard from he was headed in the direction of the trouble. | Fought for Abdul Hamid. Gen. Chang was one of the original organizers of the Lafayette Escadrille He is aviatic first real soldi tune. He started when airpla still in their infancy and has under half a dozen flags. Before the World War, Hall had drifted to Turkey. where Abdul Hamid was fighting the | Bulgars, and became the Turkish air | force—he was the only flyer—at $100 & | day. Later he shifted over to the Bul- garian_side, when the Turks cut his pay. He was in Paris when the guns started booming in 1914 and promptly enlisted in the Foreign Legion | In December, 1914, Hall's name was put on the roster of the French Flying Corps. Hall and Bill Thaw are the GEN. CHANG HUI-CHANG (BERT HALL). only survivors of the original seven American flyers who formed the Lafay- ette Escadrille. Now after more than plane adventure, in the midst of a big cc thick of it. 20 years of is found ags ct, and in t He is in his late 40s. (Copyright, 1932.) SHORT WAR SEEN I PEACE FALS |China Lacks Raw Materials for Munitions and Japan Has Little Gold. >ives Tokio Reply China's lack of raw material for the manufacture of munitions and Japan's low gold stock will bring hostilities at | Shanghai and other points to & close within one month should peace pro- posals fall through, according to opin- fons expressed today in well informed FOREIGN MINISTER KENKICHI YOSHIZAWA. —A. P. Photo. LEAVHG MANKING British .Boat Takes Party of 36, Including Children, to Shanghai. By the Associated Press NANKING, February 4 —Thirty-six American women and children were evacuated from Nanking yesterday | aboard the British river steamer Woo- sung, which will take them to Shang- bal. A number of British women and children also were aboard. Other members of the American col- ony will be taken out of Nanking on the United States destroyer Simpson, now anchored in the Yangtze off the | Nanking docks, Foreign business men and mission- aries decided to remain in the city for the present. The American consulate did not advise its nationals to get out of the city, but offered assistance to all who desired it. The British consular authorities warned that British women and children should be taken to places of safety. Sir Miles Lampson, British Minister to China, was expected It was understood urgent instructions that he proceed to Shanghai awaited him here. Among those evacuated on the Woo- sung were the families of employes of the American International Export passing the forts the firing /ithout warning, the soldiers Jepanese destroyers shot e tows of the Fengtien and replied. The steamer raced | the zone of danger. i n of snow and rain was he city and strong winds up lashing seas off the| e American destroyers ere from Manila were ex- ve this morning, but were 1d their arrival is now indefi- Will Not Yield Ground. n Min Chu, Chinese Na- of communications, ared that “not a single inch ory will be yielded to the Jap- the 19th Chinese army as long man is left to fight.” mer commander of the 19th v ldier 1n the army was ‘mined to offer his life for his coun- nd was willing to make the sacri- fice as the price of national existence. | China is willing to accept any pro- posal which is just and which conforms th international law,” he said. “We willing to seek peace through dip- lomatic channels, if the powers of the | world realize who is guilty of destroying world peace.” Chen declared that the action of the | 19th army was justified “in defense of the nation,” and pointed out that the Nationalist government had moved to Honanfu because it wanted “to carry on & long fight against aggressio: Horticulturist to Speak. John C. Wister, president of the American Iris Society, and secretary of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, will speak February 9, at a meeting of the American Horticultural Society in the Interior Department Auditorium. [Mr. Wister will speak on “European | sor, Ontaric Co., the Texaco Oil Co. and the Brit- ish-American Tohacco Co. The Woo- sung was jammed to capacity when it sailed. MISSIONS IN MANCHURIA IN NEED OF MEDICINE American Missionaries Listed by Catholic Board Include Two From Maryland. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, February 4—American missionaries in Manchuria are in great need of medical supplies to treat the thousands of natives suffering from ef- fects of the conflict there, Rev. Edward F. Garresche, director of the Catholic Medical Missigh Board, sald yesterday. In addition to five Chinese priests, the Catholic Foreign Missionary Society of America has 14 American missionary priests, two brothers and 12 sisters in Manchuria, he said. Among the missionaries and their homes ar Pries! cago, Ill.; Rev. Armand Jacques, Wind- Rev. Gerard A. Donovan, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Rev. Leo Hewitt, Cum- berland, Md. Sisters: Mary Julina, Utah; Mal Famila, Detroit, Mich.; Ellen Mary, Omaha, Nebr; Mary Gloria, Baltimore, Md.; Mary De Lellis, Lexington, Ky. i B - Bishop Mitty Elevated. VATICAN CITY, February 4 (@) — Pope Pius today appointed Bishop John Mitty of Salt Lake City, Utah. to be titular Archbishop fof Egina, and nominated him eventuadly to succeed Archbishop Edward Hanna of San Prancisco, Green River, AVERTCAN WOMEN in Nanking. | Howard C. Geselbracht, Chi- |g Government circles here. It was pointed out that China has no facilities for the manufacture of steel, and that the finished material now on hand is limited. There are no first- class steel manufacturing plants throughout China. and the blast fur- naces scattered throughout the republic are not only antiquated, but can be used only for the manufacture of pig iron. In event of a blockade at Shanghai | by Japan, together with Japan in con- trol of all railways in Manchuria, China | would be shut off from its outside steel resources, it was said Japan Controls Mines. While China has supplied Japan with [iron for years, all of the important | mines, both in' China and Manchuria, | are now controlied by Japanese. In | the past the republic's chief source of munition supplies came from its huge |arsenal at Mukden. This plant was | seized by the Japanese September 18 |last and its 8,000 employes thrown out | of work. |~ Other and small munition plants in { Manchuria also have fallen into bhands of the Japanese. On the other hand, Japan has ample raw material to carry on an extensive invasion, but doubt was expressed here in governmental circles as to whether its finances would permit an expedi- tionary force of any size to remain in Chinese territory for any length of time On January 30 Japan's gold recerves | were quoted here as being $221.330.000. Meantime, from sources outside of the | Government, it was learned today that American direct investments in China, | as distinct from holdings in the United | States of Chinese bonds, amounted to | $129,768,000, of which $10.221,000 is in American branch manufacturing estab- lishments. Shanghal Is Center. | About 65 per cent of all direct invest- ments by Americans in China are con- | centrated in Shanghai, where practi- | cally all American firms, representing | virtually all phases of international |trade, have central offices. | Although these firms number about | 250, the following represent the most | important for China as a whole, and | the majority of these have central offices in Shanghal: | _American Asiatic Underwriters, Inc., | U. S. A American Banknote Co.; | American Express Co.; American Con- struction Co., Inc., U. S. A.; American Machine & Foundry Co.; American Trading Co.: Anderson, Meyer & Co., Ltd.; Arkell & Douglas, Inc.; Asia Life Insurance Co., Inc., U. S. A.; Belting & | Leather Products’ Association, Inc.; Bolton Bristle Co.; China & Japan Trading Co, Ltd.; Connell Brothers' Co., Inc.: Docge & Seymour (China), Ltd.; The Robert Dollar Co.; E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co,, Inc.; Eastman Kodaly Co.; Equitable Eastern Banking | Corporation; Paul I. Fagen & Co.; Getz Brothers & Co.; Gilmore United Petroleum Co.; Goodyear Tire & Rub- ber Export Co.; Haskin & Sells; Hea- sock & Check Co.; Herzberg-Peacock Enterprises, Inc., U. 8. A.; H. S. Honigs- berg & Co, Inc, U. A; Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Co.; Robert Lang, Inc, U. 8. A.; Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co. (China), Ltd.: Ely Lilly & Co.; | Marshall Field & Co.; Raven Trust Co., |Inc, U. 8. A; Charles A. Schieren Co.; Shanghai Building Co., Inc., U. 8. A} Silk Association of America; Simmons | Co. (China Division); Singer Sewing Machine Co.; United States Rubber | Export Co.; Vacuum Oil Co.; John Wannamaker Co.; Wolworth Interna- tional Co.; Yangtze Rapid Steamship Co., Inc, U. S. A.; American Interna- tion Underwriter, Inc., U. 8. A.; Ameri- can-Oriental Banking Corporation; Asia Pire & Marine Underwriters, Inc., U. . A.; China Electric Co, Inc.; China General Edison Co., Inc.; China Motors, Inc, U. S. A.; Shanghai Evening Post; Ford Motor Co. Exports, Inc.; Fox Film Corporation; General Motors Inc.: National City Bank Aluminum, Ltd.; Col- %lte-}”almo'fl\' Peat Henry W. eabody & Co.; Parke, Davis & Co.; Standard Oll Co. of New York; The Texw Co.; Baldwin Locomotive Works; International Harvester Co., and Pacific Orient Co. In addition to these, the American & | Foreign Power Co. controls the Shang- | hat Power Co., the electriz Jight and power plant of the International Settle- ment, while the International Telephone & Telegraph Co. controls the Shanghal Felephone Co. NEW PROTEST SENT BYU. 5. AND BRITAIN Use of International Zone in Shanghai Subject of Joint Note. (Continued From First Page.) the United States, Great Britain and Italy, agreed to cease hostile acts there if Japan is assured the Chinese will “immediately and completely cease their disturbing activities.” ‘The Japanese reply, however, took exception to the fifth proposal of the Western powers. The statement said the Japanese government regards the Manchurian question as entirely sepa- |rate from the Shanghai affair, and added “it is a settled policy of the Jap- anese government not to accept assist- ance of neutral observers or partici- pants in the settlement of questions pertaining to Manchuria. For this rea- son the condition embodied in para- graph five of the powers' note is not acceptable to the Japanese government.” The reply, which was presented by Foreign Minister Kenkichi Yoshizawa after it had been approved by the cab- inet and Emperor Hirohito, added, however, that if the Chinese regulars or non-uniformed forces persisted in their activities Japan would be com- pelled to reserve full freedom of action. Plans to Send Army /Troops. A few minutes before the note was made public it was learned that the government decided definitely to send a full division of army troops to Shang- hai to take the place of the bluejack- ets, who have been bearing the brunt of the fighting since last Friday. “In view of the undesirable menace of the Chinese in the past and the gravity of the present situation,” the reply added, “the government finds it impossible to renounce mobilization or preparations for hostilities entirely. The government has no objection to enter- ing into negotiations concerning the separation of Chinese and Japanese forces and the estabusnment of a neu- tral zone in the Chapei district if nec- essary.” The note was handed to Ambassador W. Cameron Forbes of the United States, Ambassador Sir Prancis Lindley of Great Britain and Ambassador Gio- vanni Maioni of Italy. The Ambassadors were called to the foreign office at 6 p.m. and the reply | was handed to them a short time later. Alexander Troyanovsky. Soviet Am- bassador to Japan, also called upon For- eign Minister Yoshizawa today and it was understood he discussed attempts of the Japanese military authorities in Manchuria to use the western portion of the Chinese Eastern Railway line for the purpose of moving troops from Tsitshar to Harbin The Ru-sian Ambassador pointed out, | it was understood, that Russia condi- tionally agreed to the use of the rail- way by the Japanese for military pur- poses only on the Changchun-Harbin Branch. A further agreement should have been secured, he said, before using the main line. The meeting was entirely friendly, it was understood, and M. Troyanov- | sky's representations were in no wav | considered as a protest. He acted, it was said, without specific instructions | from Moscow. i A belief prevailed in some quarters that the Soviet envoy also broached again the subject of a Russo-Japanese non-aggression pact. Japanese Guard Line. The foreign office published a state- ment from the headquarters of Gen. Honjo, Japanese Minchurian com- | mander at Mukden, declaring Japanese railway guards are temporarily policing | the southern branch of the Chinese | Eastern only because this line was “en- tirely deserted by its Chinese guards.” “This is only a temporary measure,” the statement said, “‘and it goes with- out saying that the Japanese army has | not the slightest intention of infringing | on the rights of the railway.” A copy of the statement was sent to | Japan's envoys at the League of Na-| tions and to the principal foreign capi- tals. It declared also that the Japanese advance on Harbin, Manchuria, is for | the sole purpose of protecting Japanese nationals there. Gen. Honjo's headquarters said five | Japanese were killed and 47 wounded in a severe clash yesterday 13 miles south of Harbin in the course of Gen. | Jiro Tamon's advance. A Japanese de-| tachment first encountered 200 Chinese | troops 18 miles south of the city, the| statement said, and pursued them northward, encountering 1,000 more, after which” severe fighting followed. | The Chinese losses were said to have been heavy. Gen. Tamon's occupation of Harbin was postponed for a day today because of a persistent defense of the city by Gen. Ting Chao's troops, who also skirmished with Japanese patrols on | the southern outskirts. Gen. Tamon was awaiting reinforcements and am- munition before attempting & final ad- vance, which was expected tomorrow. He planned to use airplanes against he Chinese if necessary. WILL SEIZE HARBIN. Tamon Warns Ting Chao to Leave Manchurian City. CHANGCHUN, February 4 (#).—Jiro Tamon, the Japanese general, camped with a brigade on the outskirts of Har- bin, today sent an ultimatum to Ting Chao, the Chinese leader, demanding that he withdraw in the interests of the city's safety. If he refuses, Tamon planned a gen- | eral attack for tomorrow morning. | The Japanese brigade went up from Changchun earlier in the week and| waited outside Harbin for reinforce- ments which followed. Another Japa- nese force which was to have come| over from Tsitsihar could not make the advance because Chinese had ripped up the railway tracks at Anta. The Rengo (Japanese) News Agency correspondent at Harbin said Ting Chao’s men were beginning to evacuate the city. and it appeared the Japanese would be able to come in without re- sistance. An official Japanese statement said 5 Japanese were killed and 47 wound- ed in a skirmish yesterday afternoon 13 miles south of Harbin. TOKIO TROOPS SET TO ENTER HARBIN Tamon Camps on Edge of City After Advance From Shuangcheng. By the Associated Press. CHANGCHUN, China, February 4.— Harbin, headquarters of the Soviet gov- ernment’s Manchurian interests, is within the grasp of Japanese masters. ‘Thousands of soldiers of the army of Gen. Jiro Tamon are encamped on the southern outskirts of the city in prep- aration for & triumphal entry today. Winds flurried the recently fallen snow as Gen. Tamon's troop trains ad- vanced from the city of Shuangchenk to the southern suburbs of Harbin. The temperature was around 30 below zero, Fahrenheit. The Chinese forces under Ting Chao, who had declared that he would hold Harbin at all costs, had retreated east- ward, and Gen. Tamon looked for no resistance. -— Before the days of Columbus, the | vicus agreement of Mayas of Mexico andyCentral America had domesticated ang developed plants ' so successfully as to'allow increase to milllons of people and a high state of Chinese Wounded Returned From Front S the conflict continues between of by the St. Joseph's Hospital A FOREIGN ZONE USE AS BASE IS DENID Japanese Leader at Shanghai Also Declares Warnings Preceded Bombings. : The following expla- osition in the present was written for Admiral Mineo nayy, who is tn the Associated Press by Osumi. BY ADMIRAL MINEO OSUMI, Navy Minister of Japan. (Copyright, 1932, by the Associated Pr TOKIO, February 4—We think we owe the world an explanation of our s5.) | activities at Shanghai in view of the misunderstandings and to avold the result of misinformation concerning the present conditions there First and foremost, we have done nothing that was not justified by the strict need of protection for our na- tionals from the persecution of the Chinese soldiers and our actions have been entirely defensive and passive. The trouble started January 28, a Chinese force suddenly attacking us while we were, in pursuance of the pre- foreign garrison commanders, proceeding to the stations allotted to us to guard. There was no alternative for us but to fire in return. 2,000 Against 30,000 It is not common sense to believe that our handful of bluejackets would assume an offensive against a force ten-fold larger. When the conflict be- gan we Chinese. had 2000 against 30,000 We had every disadvantage to suffer and nothing to gain by start-| ing hostilities. We took the final action only because we were driven to the last extremity by the behavior of the Chi- | nese soldiery. Tre charge that Japan used the In- ternational Settlement as a base for attack also is unfounded. Our force took up stations to protect Japanese residents according to the previous agreement with the military authori- ties of the other powers and the Chi. nese happened to launch their attack against this section. We were com- pelled to defend the point whither the attack was directed as an act of self- defense, pure and simple. Criticisms of the Japanese air bomb- ing have been unnecessarily harsh ‘They could only arise from ignorance of the actual situation. That was the only choice left for our small force, facing overwhelming odds. Moreover. before the beginning of the bombing, we scouted carefully, identifying the points where the enemy was massing in close formation and then gave full warning, allowing ample time for them to heed. Declares Neutrals Are Fair. We dropped bombs on their armored trains or points where they were oper- ating artillery against us. All sorts of rumors afloat abroad are calculated to breed ill feeling against Japan. For example, friction between Japanese and Ameri- FIGHT MADE TO BAR JAPANESE ENVOY FROM GENEVA POST (Continued From First Page.) tual information regarding their view- points before the conference gets down to work in earnest on Monday. The delegates were considerably heartened by the news that Chancellor Bruening of Germany will arrive on Sunday and will speak at Tuesday's meeting. Sir John Simon, the British foreign secretary, is coming Monday and Andre Tardieu, French minister of war, will be here at about the same time. Last night the serenity of the confer- ence was broken by the appearance over St. Peter's Cathedral of a red flag on which had been painted in big let- ters, “Only Revolution Will Bring Peace.” Firemen pulled it down. 600 TONS OF SUPPLIES 70 BE SENT U. S. FLEET Rush Order Being Assembled at Beattle and Spokane for Seamen in China. By the Associated Press. SEATTLE, February 4.—A rush order for 600 tons of supplies for the Asiatic Fleet, most of it to be sent directly to Shanghai, was being assembled here and Spokane today. The shipment will leave for the Orient Saturday. The consignment will include 200,000 pounds of fresh meats, 100 tons of potatoes, 20,000 pounds of onions, 90,000 pounds of oranges, 20,000 pounds of epples and large lots of butter, eggs, canned goods and “dry” food products. ‘When the entire meat order could not be filled here, a meat packing concern in Spokane took over 100,000 pounds of the order. THIRTEEN CLUB TO MEET Finance Corporation Is Topic for Discussion. The new Reconstruction Finance Corporation will be the topic for dis- cussion at the dinner meeting of the Thirteen Club at 6:30 this evening at the Cosmos Club. The speakers will be Edward Czarra, Charles Prettyman, Ralph Houser and Frapk Johnson. The program was arranged by Harry le, chalrman of the evening. sion Board in New York shows wounded Chinese soldiers in front of the hospital. the Japanese and Chinese, more and more wounded soldiers are being taken care at Tsinanfu, China. —A. P. Photo. |can sailors or of the Japanese Navy's lack of the co-operative spirit. As far as we know, there is abso- | lutely no foundation for these stories. | We honestly epdeavored to co-operate | with the foreig@lgarrisons o5 far as the local circumstances and the require- ments of self-defense permitted. Our public in Japan also ought to dispel the notion that the Americans and British are unfriendly to us. They were very active in their efforts to re- store order and stabilize the situation. | They have been offering their good of- | fices to save Shanghai from curt war. | BY the Assocated Press | fare. They have never tried deliber- | LOS ANGELES, February 4—A tele- | ately to interfere to our disadvantage. | BT8m questioning whether United States | ""Such misunderstandings should be | intervention in the Sino-Japanese con- | dispelled immediately. I hope the for- | flict Would be in the common interest, | efgn public will make allowances for |OF that of major ofl companies, was sent [the fact that in inevitable hurry and | st night to the Senate Committee on confusion, such as that at Shanghai, | Naval Affairs at Washington by Andrae sometimes reports are cabled which, al- | B. Nordskog. vice presidential nominee though honestly meant, do grave injus- | Of the National Liberty party, and J. D tice to one party. Most of the charges | HOPKIns, secretary of the party’s Wil- against the Japanese Navy at Shang- | ]°'~'5-7-'h°3kun?r".2£§:{¢ e 3t e to havi sult "0} hal appear to have resulted from such | oir “pacific War Fleet of the United The world can trust the traditions | States to Asiatic waters,” said the tele- and discipline of the Japanese navy, |8ram, “justifies investigation to deter- mine whether such movement is neces- BLAME PLACED ON CHINESE. | |SENDING U. S. FLEET TO CHINA QUESTIONE | Californians Ask Senators if In- | tervention Would Be in Public Interest. | sary for the preservation and rights | of the entire citizenry of our country or for protection of the private interests e ache Here roavs (TT°P® of certain major ofl companies as has gnored Truce TAgresmEt. | been freely rumored. Our Constitution Japanese naval forces were ordered | refers to the protection of dur lives to Shanghai merely to reinforce the | and property in the United States, not i 4 t ceord- small body of beselged sallors and. t0 | B ST, TR (51 Siopted “anani- protect the 25,000 Japanese residents of | mouslv by several hundred members of the city, an official explanation received | the Willowbrook Club of the National by the Japanese naval attache at Wash- Liberty party.” ington and made public today, declared This explanation, communicated early vesterday from the Japanese navy de- | partment, is as follow “At 3:15 o'clock on the afternoon of Jahuary 28 the Chinese authorities at Shanghal accepted our demands which had been presented to them. At the same time. however, conditions in the | Chapei district and the adjoining sec- | tion of the International Settlement had become so alarming that at 4 ¢'clock | on the same afternoon the Municipal | | Couneil of the Settlement declared a Naval GAS MASKS FOR CHINESE MADE IN U. S. LAUNDRY 20,000 Manufactured Spare Time Sent to Soldiers During Last Few Months. By the Associated Press. PAWTUCKET, R. 1. February 4— in This photo recently received by the Catholic Medical Mis- | JARAN'S INVASION A MOOT QUESTION Some Observers Hold She Is Violating Law—0thers Uphold Action. By the Associated Press. Some of the observers of the Far East norama contend that Emperor Hiro- ito's blue-garbed Japanese sailors are transgressing the soil of a sovereign na- tion at Shanghal by occupying the eatest seaport in the Orient in vio- \Jlflofl of the tenets of international aw. Others say the Japanese forces of oc- cupation are only shielding the lives | and investments of Japanese citizens ir. a land without stable government and thereby are acting in accordance with jthe principles of long recognized treaties. The facts are that Japan has more than 30,000 nationals living, doing busi- | ness and paying taxes in Greater | Shanghal and has more than a billion dollars invested in all China—more people and more money than any other | foreign nation. These Japanese have often been the victims of lawless Chinese. A few have been killed, property has sometimes been destroyed, commercial dealings | have been sorely hampered by the boy- cott and life in general often has been made unpleasant for them because of | Chinese agitation. As long as this condition exists and as long as the Chinese government does | not” rectify it, Japan insists, she must move by force of arms to preserve her | national honor, which is the reason she has given for landing bluejackets in the | Chinese sections of Shanghai. | "In this she goes back to precedent. | The great powers rushed troops to Pej- | ping during the Boxer rebellion in 190 They did the same thing at the time of the Nanking incident in 1927. More- over, she has pointed out that even in the western hemisphere United States Marines have long occupied Haiti and Nicaragua for much the same reasons Even in encroaching on the foreign- controlled International Settlement Japan has a case in the opinion of some authorities. ~ This allen colony on China's seaboard is governed under a treaty to which Japan is a signatory and is protected by a defense corps of which her forces are a part. If the municipal council, deriving its | authority from this treaty, is not able to curb irresponsibie Chinese in their activities against Japanese living in the settlement—and in this instance Japan holds it is not—then Japan claims to be within her rights in supplying rein- forcements To all this, of course, China bases her defense on extra-territoriality. The | treaties embracing thess extra-terri- torial privileges were sigmed by old Manchu emperors or wrung from the Chinese Republic at the point of the sword, say the Chinese, and they have no validity in a generation marked by higher ideals. Consular and municipal authorities at Shanghai are between two fires. O: ‘m@ one hand they protest that add: tional Japanese forces, however legal | their presence may be, are not needed to maintain order and must not com- mit wanton acts within the settlement, On the other hand they realize that a situation might arise—has arisen in the past—where further protection would be imperative and Japanese re-enforce- ments would save the day. | However, the pros and cons, the Japa- nese naval commanders now are re- ported to be at a delicate impasse. The | most reliable sources indicate they in- tended only to administer a sound there is talk of increasing | | state of emergency. ““Accordingly, it was decided that the Tespective garrisions of the various na- tions should immediately be placed on duty, each taking an assigned section | in conformity with the agreement which had been made between the com- manders of those garrisons. “In accordance with the above ar-| rangement, at 6:15 o'clock on the same afternoon, the Japanese consul general and Rear Admiral Shiozawa notified the Chinese authorities of the measure which we had decided to take, in co- operation with the garrisons of the other nations. At 12 o'clock of that night, in pursuance of the above notifi- cation, our sailors proceded to the sec- | tion assigned to them, when they were suddenly fired upon by the Chinese troops. Consequently, our sailors were forced to return fire in self-defense. | “At 8 o'clock on the evening of the | 20th, a truce was agreed upon between | the Chinese authorities and our com- | mander. But while our sailors were on | duty within the assigned section, the Chinese troops, disregarding the truce agreement, continued to fire upon them, | both with' rifles and guns. The firing continued intermittently for three days and nights. While these frontal attacks | were going on, Chinese snipers in mufti | | were extensively employed to create dis- | turbance within the section assigned t | us for protection. | | " “The dispatch of the necessary naval | forces to Shanghai and the measures | taken have no other purpose than to | reinforce the small force of our sailors who have been besieged by the Chines: troops, estimated at 30,000, and to pro- tect the 25,000 Japancse residents whose lives and property have been in eminent danger of destruction.” | An organizer for the Chinese National lesson to China, but they have er party said yesterday that during the last countered unexpected resistance an few months, 20,000 gas masks had been | are in danger of losing a major en- manufactured in a Pawtucket laundry gagement to the Chinese for the first and shipped to the fighting forces of | time in history. ina. | If they drive forward on their course Han Loon of Boston, an organizer of | they will risk the wrath of the Western the Kuo Min Tang, d the work had | nations. If they retreat they will face gone on quietly in the laundry of Sam | th> anger of their own people and the Kee. He sald the masks were of the | jeers of the Chinese. If they adopt a veiling respirator type and had been middle road they will lose “face” in made under his supervision by Chinese | their own estimation—than which there who flocked to the little Kee Laundry | is nothing worse to the mind of the on their off-hours. Oriental. CAPITAL, $250,000.00—SURPLUS, $500.000.00 Let Us All Pull Together —to create confidence, to eliminate waste, to put money into circulation, and thus "do our bit" toward making 1932 a year of progress. 7 The facilities of The Co- lumbia National Bank are available to all desiring bet- ter times and more business. CoLuMBIA N ATIONAL Bank 911 F Street 5. | PROGRESS BEASED ON | [ | LOWERS grow to beautify the High- ways of Life—from Sun- rise to Sunset., ustles ... Flowers are Nature's messengers at our com- mand to express either happiness or sadness. 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