Evening Star Newspaper, November 19, 1931, Page 16

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, B evns MAYONNAISE Special Value 19c FULL -10 OZ. (JAR (Regular Value 40c) D, O, ~ iAess o . 0 THE EVENING STAR WASHINGTON D O, THURSDAY. MOV L THURSDAY. NOVEMBER' 19, 1931. BIG FEASTING SITE ~ OFINDIANS FOUND Oyster Shell Heap, Covering Forty Acres in Maryland, Is Being Excavated. BY THO‘W{@ R. HI"\RY An enormou: from 4 to 15 fe approximately 47 both sides «{ Per junction with the Potomac River. being excavated by Herbert W. Kreiger, curator_of ethnology of the Smith- sonian Institution. The indications are, Kreiger says, that this was a great feasting ground for the Algonquin tribes from the upper Potomac area, who in the generations just preceding the arrival of the first Maryland_colonists used to come down the river for banquets during the oyster season. Popes Creek marks &pproxi- matcly the limit of the Potomac oyster area. The great size of the shell heap indicates it must have been built up over many years and has resulted either from enormous gatherings of Indians or from some local tribe whose members had prodigious appetites. Old Fire Sites Found. ‘The site now is covered with a tangle of trees and bushes. In past years parts of the heap were minzd as a lime Made from strictly fresh eggs and the best salad oil and spices— delicious—the finest you ever tasted. DUNDEE CAKE Full Pound 39¢ “This delicious genuine Dundee Cake u’made'{ol {the finest !putcunzed butter, fresh eggs, cream, sweetened with pure raw honey, and filled with raisins, candied orange peel,”and fresh cracked pecans—made even bet- That the spot was only a tem- banqueting site is further indj- cated by the scarcity of artifacts and the absence of any postholes, which would show wooden houses had been erected. All the Indians of this locality lived in mat-covered houses, supported by posts set in the ground. The pres- ence of postholes is a criterion of the old_village sites. Onr the other hand, Kreiger finds that hearth fires probably were built season after season in the same spots. ‘The picture, as he reconstructs it, is that of a group of Indians, possibly & family, who would select a favorable spot, bulld a fire and start a feast on oysters. The shells simply were thrown to one side. Then the family, satiated with oysters, would move on. During the next few months the shell he‘p would tend to be evened off, partly covering the fire site. The next year the family would be back again, find the place of last year's fire, and settle down for another feast. Thus the fires of year after year are found on top of each other, forming almest vertical columns through the shells. Historical records show the great shell heap was in the country of the Yoacomino Indians, who gradually disappeared after ceding their land to the Lord Baltimore colonists. ‘The shell heap is so large, Krieger says, local residents find it hard to believe it ever was piled up by human hands, and think it is the result of ground rising from the sea. This is disproved by the presence of the arti- facts and the fire sites. It is also known great oyster shell piles accumu- lated all along the Atlantic Coast, al- though few are as large as this. It has been estimated approximately 100,000 acres in Maryland and Virginia are covered by shell accumulations from Indian camp sites. Algonquins Linked to Relics. The ancient oystermen, it is believed, collected the oysters from the sub- merged bars about the mouth of Popes Creek and carried them to the high banks, where the oysters were roasted in €he shell. ‘Stones were placed on the fires for this purpose. Digging into the great mound, Krieger has found flint arrowheads, stone knives and scrapers, hammers (supposedly used to open the shells) and fragments of pot- Ty, Some of these bear cord marks, evi- dence that the pots were once.covered with a fabric of some kind. This, Krieger says, almost certainly identifies the ancient people as belonging to some of the Algonquin tribes, rather than, ls some anthropologists have held, be- irg of an unknown race which occu- pied the Atlantic coast line before the coming of the Indians encountered here by_the white colonists. It is very doubtful, Krieger says, ‘whether the shell heap is close to the site of any of the large Indian villages noted by Capt. John Smith on his voy- age of exploration up the Potomac. It is about eight miles from Port Tobacco, marked on Smith’s map as containing & large village. There is little reason w believe the shell heap is very ancient. This is the first systematic explora- tion of a site that has been known for many years. It first was dlwove!ed, according to records of the.Anthropo- logical Bociety of Washington, in l!’l! Dr. Elmer R. Reynolds. Investiga- ons were made later on the spot by Dr. Willlam H. Holmes, now curator of the National Gallery of Art, and De Lancey Gill of the Bureau of American Ethnology, who studied the, geolowlcl] structure of the surroundings. The excavation of the Popes Creek mound, Krieger says, is in line with a project to study all the sites of the pre-colonial inhabitants of the District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia region in an effort to reconstruct, so far as possible, the little known life of the ancient inhabitants. N.xt week he will visit a newly discovered shell heap site nenr Fredericksburg, Va. REDUCED RATE EXCURSIONS $2.50 Philadelphia $2.50 Chester: $2.25 Wilming- ton—November 29 Leave Washington 7:40 A. M. or 11 A. M. Return same day. $3.50 NEW YORK Plalnfield and Elizabeth Spectal train leaves Wuhlnflnn 1 Washington 12:35 A, M. of M. Returning leave Liberty St P. M., Newark 6:15 P. 3, same day, Other Excursions $10.50 AKRON-CLEVELAND Leave Saturday. Nov. 21, 7:50 P M. Returning leave Sunday night. $16.00 CHICAGO ) 2, 130 ® v 'aight Hancock mberland Teturn 50 Harpers Feery $2.00 Martinsburg. § Leavs 9 A. M. Nov. same day. $56.50 NEW YORK WEEK-END § Every Saturday during November, return until 1:12 A, M. from Jer- 8 sey City, Monday, $8.50 ATLANTIC CITY . ‘WEEK-END Go Friday afternoon or Saturday all day, return limit four days. BALTIMORE $1.60 Dally. Good for 3 days. 3126 saturdays and Sundays. 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