Evening Star Newspaper, September 7, 1931, Page 8

ga YTHE .EVENING STA ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY. ....September 7, 1831 R = WHEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor — L Whe Evening Star Newspaper Company Bustness Offic and Pennsylvania Ave ce: 110 East 42nd St. Lake Michican Butldine. 14 Regent ... London, Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Evening Siar_...........45¢ per month | Sinday ‘Siar Sunday Siar he ipdass) ... .65 per monh und s e e TRforieetion made st the e of eack month rders may be sent in by mail or telephone Ational 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. §l111 'm;l Sundi 1yr., $10.00: 1 mo. iy 5¢ 1 y 1yr, $6.00. 1 me 0c ndas "onty " 131 §500; 1 mo. 4o un and undes: All Other States and Canada. ally and Sunday...1yr.$1200: 1mo.$1.00 aily only . ; 1 mo. or 1yr., £8.00 unday only Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively ertitled %0 the use for republication of all news dis- paiches credited fo it or not otherwise o ted in thi Jand also che ; France's Turn Now. To a United States latterly become fccustomed to hearing that France slone among the nations of the earth is relatively immune to the ravages of depression, it comes as something of a shock to hear from Paris of heavy treasury deficits and mounting unem- ployment. Yet figures are now coming to light indicating that the French in fact have not escaped the economic blight that has spread so devastatingly mcross the face of the earth during the past year and a half. While the United States Treasury Baces a deficit of a billlon dollars or fnore and the British Parliament is convening in extraordinary session to ameet an exchequer shortage of half a billion, opulent France suddenly con- $ronts the necessity of finding a quarter of a billion if her budget is to balance in the early future. the French government has to raise is uch less than-that which must be stirred up in Washington or London, the total, relative populations and re- sources considered, is one that brings France's budgetary plight well up to the ones with which Messrs. Mellon and Bnowden, respectively, have to cope. PFrance for five years and more has prided itself upon being the only im- portant country in the world without an unemployment problem. Now offi- eial labor authorities admit that there mre 100,000 out of work, while trade tinion spokesmen, ridiculing government clalms, declare the number is nearer 600,000 Along with unemployment, ¥rench industry is said to be in the midst of critical conditions—"“one of the worst in its history,” the New York fimes Paris correspondent reports. ¥Foreign trade is in a pronounced #lump. Compared with last year, French exports toppled by $240,000,000, while gmports fell $160,000,000. “Tourism,” the quaint French idiom for the business that is derived from forelgn visitors, mainly Americans, is §n grave decline, too. In 1930 revenue 60c per month | per month | : 28 | 1yr., $8.00; 1 mo, 60c| Although the amount | more dignified plane than it has so far been able to attain. The mental ple- ture of prohibition agents guzzling the best that speakeasles have to offer, ac- companied by fashionably attired and ! attractive lady assistants who do their | part to run up Government exponse ac- | counts, has done much more harm than { any good that might lie In the strategy. i And efforts to defend the tactics have | for the most part been futile. If+it takes a thief to catch a thief, or a boot- legger to catch & bootlegger, it is, never- theless, repugnent to associate Uncle | Sam with the role. The speakeasy, of cou':c, is depend- ent upon a supply of liquor, and it is far more important to shut off the supply at its source than merely to close one of its many outlets. Closing the speak- easy, as Mr. Woodcock ccntends, should be as readily accomplished through the | immediat= arrest of the liquor dispenser {and ensuing padlock proceedings as through the circuitous route of cbtain- ing the evidence and thence the “delay and circumlocution” of the search war- | rant. Quicker and more direct action ar» much-needed esgentials in the pro- hibition experiment. | . ‘Washington's Noise Nuisance. It may be nobody's particular of- ficial business in Washington to study and seek a solution of the problem of needless noises in the streets of the Capital. It should, however, be made & matter of practical consideration to the end of abating this nuisance, which is today afflicting the community. The streets of Washington are being kept in good order to the end of the smooth and rapid flow of trafic. Regulations are enforced to reduce congestion to a minimum. Safety for street users is sought through these rules. But nothing is done to limit or lessen the unneces- sary clamor that arises from the traffic, and consequently it grows continually greater and more nerve-racking. Analysis of the sounds that arise from the busy streets shows that there are three major eauses of this din that 1s making Washington a city of torment. There are first the street cars, the motors of which grind con- stantly. Then there are the trucks that give forth far-reaching sounds of crashing gears and deafening exhausts. And then, there are the official vehicles, the police cars, ambulances and fire apparatus that shriek their signals in ear-plercing volume regardless of real need. There is not a minute during the business hours of every day when on any of the main thoroughfares this din does not reach the ears of thou- !sands whose nerves are shattered by this unnecessary pressure. Street cars are brought to a halt with squealing brakes. They are started with howl- ing sounds from their motors. The tracks themselves are often in disre- pair with joints that bang and rattle. Bad wheels pound and thump. As for the sirens of the officlal | vehicles, it must be said that they are | sounded too often and too long. even | though the free, swift passage of the | machines is necessary. The drivers ap- pear to enjoy the noise and to indulge !in it beyond the point of need. An | order confining the use of these ear- | splitting signals to & minimum of ne- from that source aggregated a quarter |cessity would be & contribution to pub- ©f a billion dollars. It was $100,000,000 | lic comfort. more than in 1920. This year's pick- } If the street cars cannot be run with ings from “tourism” are now certain to more regard for the nerves of the peo- segister & 25 per cent decline from 1930 | ple their patronage will diminish as a re- figures. For the first seven months of | sult of prejudice against them as in- 1931 Prance exported to America only | competent common carriers. They are $00,000,000 francs worth of goods, while | already slipping in public regard But for the same period & year ago sales surely they are not in such financial mounted to a billion and half francs. straits that the mechanism cannct be M. Berenger, who was French Am- | kept in such order as to conform to bassador to Washington when the the reasonable requirements of qulet French debt was funded two or three | operation. years ago, Writes in the Paris press that government's fiscal charges have | Yeached the limit and that they must | be drastically reduced if French industry | Y45 not to come within the peril zone. TThese are startling statements from | the land that, next to ourselves, pos- | Besses the overwhelmingly largest pot ®f monetary gold in the world, which | has been making French francs roll to the republic’s political advantage throughout Europe, as just evidenced by the annihilation of the Austro-Ger- “man tariff union, and which only a few days ago loaned Afty million golden pounds to the Bank of England o prevent disaster to the Old Lady of Whreadneedle street. It anybody in this country or else- Where ever had any doubts about the world-wideness of business depression #nd governmental financial vicissitudes, the news from France should clarify the situation with the vividness of a lightning flash, e Methods of instruction have changed #ince the schoolmaster kept & birch ¥od conspicuously in evidence as a re- minder of authority. The schoolboy ®o longer regards the close of vacation Sime as bringing & call from idle pleasure to dull drudgery. He has not, even in days of recreation, been allowed 80 neglect the duty of self-improvement and is permitted to turn to books in pursuit of new and congenial interests. T 1t is strongly intimated that another gnoratorium will be necessary, although financial intelligence will be called upon to break the news gently by find- ing a different name for it. B Mr. Woodcock's Reforms. Prohibition Director Woodcock’s or- | ders against the consumption of in- toxicating liquor by agents seeking evi- dence, except under circumstances tbat New York City has for some time past been studying this question of need- less noises in the streets through a commission, which have in some matters been adopted and enforced with good effect. New York is & much busier city than ‘Washington, with more trade, more hauling in the streets, smore noise-mak- ing traffic and industry. It is, however, no noisier in the downtown area than is Washington. The Capital should have the benefit of an official endeavor to abate this nuisance. It is not nec- essary and it is now a public affiiction. R _The President’s Cup Regatta. ‘The time is drawing near for the Na- tional Capital’s annual water classic, the President’s Cup Regatta, and its spon- sors are hard at work arranging new features for an already thrilling pro- gram. To this end an invitation will be sent to Gar Wood of Detroit, veteran speedboat pilot and owner, and Kaye Don, the Britisher who has brought Lord Wakefield's one-hundred-and-ten- mile-an-hour craft to challenge in the Harmsworth Trophy race, to come to ‘Washington and stage an exhibition. If these two racers accept, Washing- tonians will be treated to a rare spec- tacle. Regardless of whether they put in an appearance, however, a galaxy of the most skiliful speedboat drivers in the world have agreed to participate in the regatta, and the show this year is con- fidently expected to surpass all previous ones. Possession of the President’s Cup is a coveted honor, and on September 18 and 19 the waters of the Potomac off Hains Point will be churned into spray by pilots who seek it. s, Experts are studying the moratorium with & view to advantsge from its use- fuln2ss as a temporary financial seda- tive, at the same time with an alert the recommendations of | justify specific permission for such pro- | caution as to habit-forming possibilities. | cedure, follows closely on the heels of | his pronouncement against the use of | woraen as “decoys” or agents in pro- | hibidon enforcement work. Both of ! these changes in what have been ac- | eepted heretofore as legitimate tactics dn prohibition enforcement can be cor- gectly placed within the category of re- Yorms that should exercise wide moral ! effect without interposing any insur- | mountable difficulties in the path of the | @vidence-seeking agents. | Aside from the contention by some #women who have protested the order: against woman agents as an unjust dis- | erimination and “sex ineguality” of up-! e e Idle Husbands. It is evident from the records of the Marriage License Bureau of Queens | County. N. Y., which is about the same as Brooklyn, that the economic depres- sion and the prevalance of unemploy- ment are not reducing matrimony. An- nouncement is made that the number of licenses issued has not been diminished this Summer, notwithstanding the fact that on a large number of these mar- 2ge passports the space after the word “occupation” has been left blank by the, prospective bridegrooms. When ques- tioned by the issuing clerks the ap- portunity, and aside from the detailed | iicants have answered that they were particulars of why it is sometimes nec- | jopless. On the other hand, the brides- essary for an agent in the pursuit of | {o.be have been listed in such cases as evidence to consume at least a portion | holding remunerative positions, such as ®f it, the importance of Mr. Wucdeock's l school teachers, secretaries, factory _weforms lies in his efforts, which befcre ' workers and office workers. ow have become evident, to put pro- “This is an interesting development ition enforcement on & highet and rather in reversal of the rule of the THE EVENING - 'pnt. Until & few years ago it was rare, indeed almost unknown, for the bride | to be recorded as the wage earner in jany degres. Now the swains are offici- | ally recorced as prospectively dependent {upon their wives for support. Of course, it 15 to be assumed that they are willing to work, and are only waiting for the lifting of the economic clouds to go back to the earning of incomes sufficient to enable them to care for their wives, unless indeed they will be content with & Afty-fifty partnership. o The Dungeon at No. 1. ‘There is doubtless important evidence |to support the charges of “third-de- gree” tactics in the discovery of a dark and dank cellar cell at the first pre- cinct and the accompenying revelation, by a prisoner, that he was threatened with incarceration therein and some form of torture if he did not talk as his inquisitors desired him to talk. But there is interesting symbolism in the fact that all of the old precinct | stations were llkewise equipped with | subterranean cells for the detention of especially obstreperous prisoners. Hap- plly, and as far as there is now evi- dence to the contrary, such cells are not often used for that purpose. But the fact that they exist, and were bullt into the police stations as part of the recognized equipment, attests to a philosophy in regard to the treatment of unfortunate human beings that has long since been discarded by a more enlightened age. ‘The cells, for the most part, are un- used for their original purpose. One of them has been made the storehouse for seized liquor. With the deterioration of age they will succumb and go out of existence altogether. Such, the com- munity might have been led to belleve, had also been the fate of the third de- gfee, another outworn rTelic of a harsher era. The discovery that it is still in use is accountable for the public indignation against those who practiced and countenanced it and the determi- nation to get rid of it once and for all. Crime has become assertive to such & degree that some of its publicity experts are inclined to argue that to keep it out of the films would render them untrue to life. It will possibly insist on re- maining conspicuous so long as morbid curiosity calls for it. The audience is the one censor who can speak with absolute authority, and sooner or later 1ts taste is sure to change. ————s Some of the gentlemen who have been included in long lists of presiden- tial possibilities may look upon & tur- bulent future with feelings that it {might be s relief to everybody now prominent if some vigorous dark horse were to step out at the convention. —————————— ‘Washington, D. C., has learned to depend on traffic officers for politeness. The violator of a regulation must ex- pect personal inconvenience, but cir- cumstances are such as to prevent any resort to third-degree methods. R prosper they must go into the trucking business. They might prove an in- fluence for reform by ending the de- | moralization introduced into some branches of trucking by bootleggers. [ o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Trombone. It must be something restful when a crisis hits the land To be a trombone player in & creditable band Whose services are needed by all patri- ots at a time When melodious inspiration helps & sentiment sublime. | The arguments both pro and con he need not pause to hear. Discordant views need not affect his cultivated ear. He helps the chorus echo from yon high celestial arch, As “Umpah—Umpah!” boldly sounds along the line of march. The same old tunes he helps to play where speakers bravely shout. He does not have to give much heed to what they talk about. For, where today he sounds his blast with true artistic pride, Tomorrow he may sound it on the op- position side. Free from the pangs which must arise when neighbors disagree, He serves his fellow men with zeal that's wonderful to see, And 'mid the turmoil and dispute goes on his tranquil way: “Umpah—Umpah!” thing he has to say. For is the only Undesirable Advertising. “You never admit that you are sorry for anything you have said.” “No,” replied Senator Sorghum. “Be- ing sorry for what you have sald is & way of bringing what you said te the | attention of people who might never | have known you said it.” Position. “So your boy Josh is looking for a Pposition.” “Yes,” replied Farmer Corntossel. “What kind of & position does he de- sire?” “I dunno exactly. But to sult Josh's tastes these days, it'll have to be some- thing graceful and easy.” The Map.- Geography as there revealed Looks all serene in its design; And yet there is s war concealed In nearly every boundary line. Knowing Him Like a Book. “He has a title?” remarked Miss Cayenne inquiringly. “Yes,” replied the young woman. “Have you learned all about his per- sonal history?” “I don't think I have.” “Well, I should advise you to do so. In my reading I have found that a very charming title may go with a highly un- satisfactory story.” Other People’s Money. He saved his money as a lad, And in the end was much concerned To see the fight that others had In claiming profits it had earned. “If it had took ss long” said Uncle Eben, “to create de world as it has took to find & way to run it, Adam an’ Eve wouldn’ hab no garden of Eden ready foh ‘em yeb® X emiemee Railways declare that in order to| STAR. WASHINGTON, D. oNDAY, SKI 11 MBER “ 7, 1981, * | ‘There as many sorts of talkers| as there are men. The fine old art of conversation, although sometimes said to be in eclipse, is very much alive, after all. Where two get together usually there is some talk. It may not be of the grand variety, in fact may be essen- | tlally trivial, but if it does two things 1t yet deserves the title of conversation. It must entertain and it must make an impression. It must interest and it must do something to the mind. Notice (that we do not say it must instruct. Much essentially foolish chatter yet manages to be interesting and at the same time leaves a deposit, es it were, on_the mental fabrics of the receiver. Conversation which consists largely of “Oh, yeah?” and similar phrases cannot be said to achieve either of these good objectives. If they happen to be interesting to the participants it is solely because the two happen to be interested in each other, . L True conversations, on the other | tongue, demand qualities of give and | take which not every human being possesses. The man who tacitly assumes in a conversation that the other party can- not tell him anything is making the thing a monologue. Perhaps nm‘.hu:g‘e disrupts conversa- tion more. Yet type is very com- mon. If you enter into a talk with this person you find that you do not have to work very hard at it. i All you have to do is to sit quietly, | smile at the right point and say “yes” | and “no” as required. Under the stimulation of this small applause the one-way traffic continue: uninterruptedly, with never a hesita- tion or waver. If you attempt to put in & remark every now and then, perhaps being a believer yourself in the theory of give| and take as applied to conversation, | your remarks will be received politely enough, of course. So politely, in fact, that you begin to regret having voiced them at all. | Just as Alexander Pope accused the | great 8ir Joseph Addison of “damning with faint praise,” so this one damns with a faint phrase of assent. Or he may say nothing at all, & suming that bored air which says, as| plainly as words, “Well, I suppose I must listen to this, but the moment you stop, I shall begin again.” * x X % Then there is the person who monop- | olizes the conversation entirely. He does not permit you to get in a word edgewise. He runs on, like Tennyson's | i very famous brook, as if believing that only his views are interesting. They are interesting, of course—to him. They must be, otherwise he would | not reveal so many of them. The curi- | ous fact about this type of talker is that seldom is his conversation in the least interesting. | It is made up of rags and tags taken from all sorts of persons and places. One knows instinctively what his views will be on any given subject. | A conversation, with him, is merely & matter of pressing so many talkie buttons, whereupon he responds finely, profusely, word without end. | It is amazing how easily it is to fore- cast his thoughts on any subject in advance. And it is disconcerting how | difficult it is to take exception to them. Perhaps that is no wonder, however, for they are the ideas, at second hand, of a thousand better men than himself, who when they said them meant them. Under original conditions, those thoughts were good, but from the mouth of another, well, not so great. * x ok x The good conversation is the one in which both parties are willing to be- | lieve that the other has something worth while listening to, and interest- ing to hear. | THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Neither usurps the conversation, but feels sure that what he has to say is worth while saying, and worth while being listened to. The thing works both ways. He who is a good listener is more than he who listens politely. Good listening implies that the man has respect for you, whereas poor listen- ing shows plainly that the listener (such as he is) ‘bors & poorly concealed contempt, Talk cannot interest, unless both are interested in what they are talking about. So, for the best conversation, both parties must have wide interests, as there is no telling what the other may have to say. x ok % To be an interesting talker, there- {g{ne,gone must be interested in every- The man or woman whose interests are narrow, and who never goes out- side them, even in thought, reading or talking, cannot be an interesting con- versationalist except upon his or her specialty. To be interested in many things is @ sign of an inquiring mind. Such a mentality will find nothing too small or large for interests sake, so long as it has aspects of color, glamour, or whatever ane chooses to call those golnu Wwhich intrigue the human mind, eart and spirit. On the other hand, one cannot be interested in anything about which he has never had a thought himself. He must have made a mental contact, in ;?;T: ‘:n u:z,r other, for 1the thing to even f‘-'r"’"“k‘“ g & small part of its of g will prove interesting, in other words, which does not loucg‘one'- own personality at some point. The dally work, however, is merely a part of one's life and contains only some, but not all, of these points. That is why there is nothing more tiresome, in some ways, than the “shop talk” which goes on so persistently among some people, It does not so much show interest in their jobs as lack of interest in all the rest of the wonderful pageant of life, * x % % Good conversation, like good adver- tising, makes an impression, whether ané realizes it :)r nolt. ne may not realize it at the time, :1;.! later hemwl]l r;filllll a thought, a ence, an idea which th P the other has Thus good ideas are never wasted, but crop out in the minds and lives of all of us, sooner or later, to bolster an ment or merely to add to the Joy of living. We never yet have indulged in a talk which we could consider time wasted any more than we have ever read any- thing which we could honestly call time ill spent. Even the most trifiing conversation yields something. Again we say good talk need not necessarily instruct. The yield of good conversation may be & thought which |bY brightens the mind by ways which are no one else's business. It may be a curious felicity which you have never heard. It may even be a pun. It may be & new word. It does something to the mind. Now this “something” may be small or large, it makes no difference, the main thing is the impression it makes. The mind is & wax, waiting for im- pressions, which it will take in, of one sort or another, whether one desires it to or not. The thing to do is to see that these impressions are interesting and worth while in the best senses. Conversation is the school of the mind in later years and we should attend good schools, & le, and see to it that we are good puplls. Respect for the other fellow is being & good pupil. When both parties to a conversation are such, talk becomes what good talk always has been, a perennial delight, a source of interest and a stimulus to the mind. American Hand Is Denied by Charges by the Labor press of Great ! Britain that the proposal to reduce the | amount of the British dole was inspired | by the demands of American bankers is denled on this side of the water, It is contended, however, through a balanced budget could the ! British government appeal to bankers | of the United States, France or other | nations for the funds needed to stabil- 17> the pound sterling, whose integrity is declared to be of great importance in world commerce and finance. The basis for present debate is.found in new loans and credits extended to the Brit- ish _government by financial interests in New York and Paris. “The reiterated charges that inter- national bankers had imposed & for- eign dictatorship over England,” ac- cording to the Louisville Courier- , “have been pretty ummu;nly} disposed of. Mr. MacDonald has brushed them sside with scorn. New York bankers have emphatically denied | that they had exerted any such pres- sure upon the recent government. | Leading newspapers of England have | emphasized the fact that only business | methods have been employed and no coercion used by the international bankers.” “The great loan for the British gov-| ernment, arranged for in New York and Parls,” says the Springfield (Mass.) | Republican, “is money lent to & gov- | ernment abroad by bankers using pri- | vate funds for the purpose. If the debtor government wants these private | funds, it must obviously meet the tests | of sound finance as understood by the | banker custodians thereof. In this, is there any ‘dictating’ how much British unemployment r'elu.t n!n.ll be?” “It has long been the habit of all European nations,” declares the Colum- bus Ohio State Journal, “to blame their misfortunes, political, _financial or | moral, on other people. It seems to be | necessary to provide a target for the people’s ire, and their leaders, unwil- ling to be that, cast about for some simple, tangible thing that will serve the purpose and at the same time take attention from themselves. * * ¢ The repeated assertion by Europe's political, literary and financial giants that the world looks to America for leadership has been interpreted as meaning that America is the world leader. The world, in the words of Marshal Foch, has thrown into our laps a losing bat- tle and expected confidently that we would win it, and when local conditions go wrong the explanation is that Amer- ica has failed in this leadership. “A heavy Treasury deficit and crip- pling financial burdens, preventing the balancing of its budget,” in the judg- ment of the Chicago Daily News, “nat- urally would affect the credit of any government. Even Great Britain, long the world’s banker, cannot escape the consequences of conspicuous waste of national resources. Already the British financial situation has improved greatly as a result of the stand taken by the new _coalition government. Confidence in the integrity of the pound sterling has been restor that only | ed. Sound government policies do not have to be forced upon intelligent statesmen by outside pres- sure.” “It s tremendously important to world commcrce and finance that nothing serious shall happen to the und sterling,” avers the Philadelphia blic Ledger, with the added state- ment that “new loans and credits by financial interests in New York and Paris should secure the stability of thei pound sterling during the period of ad- justment which is now under way.” That paper also comments: “A com- mittee of bankers refused to bolster German finance any further than has already been done unless and until cer- (tain measures, political and financial, were taken to make Germany a more reasonable risk. Some of th also applicable ese meas- ures were Great i Dolle Cot Press of Nation Britain. Assurance that they will be taken by the now all-party government under Prime Minister MacDonald makes England in the eyes of the interna- tional bankers a reasonable risk.” “The British people know how, if they never did before,” states the Yakima Daily Republic, “that the pub- lic treasury is a place into which you put money and from which you take money, and that no more can be taken out than is put in. None grows there spontanecusly.” The Manchester Union, speaking favorably of the resources of Great Britain, offers the explanation of present proceedings: “Through all this crisis there has been no fear that Great Britain was facing immediate bankruptey. That nation is still the world's greatest creditor, with invest- ments abroad totaling approximately $20,000,000,000. Much of this amount, however, is in long-term loans, while the effects of the depression have made it temporarily impossible for many of the short-term debtors to meet their obligations. This is especially true of Germany, Austria and Hungary, where large amounts of British funds have been placed. In the meantime, over- seas trade has declined, the floating $3,473,000,000, and as a result ordinary revenue has steadily decreased. Under these circumstances, banking interests abroad were justified in demanding that the government should balance its budget and bring its expenses within the reach of the resources available before further credits were advanced.” “Great Britain,” in the opinion of the Worcester Telegram, “has been in the position of a corporation so over- organized, so burdened with overhead, that its income was inadequate to pay operating expenses and leave anything over for refunding debts. The Labor cabinet, facing alternatives of resigna- tlon or a collapsed currency, chose to resign. This was a tremendous blow to British pride, but it is hardly a blow for which American capital can be ble:ned.” ‘The psychological effect of present policies is pointed out by the Baltimore Sun, with the statement: “Now that a coalition government, pledged to drastic economies, has taken office, confidence has been already re- stored and only a small fraction of the present credit may be needed, if in fact any part is needed at all.” “The British budget had to balance, and by methods that the bankers ap- proved,” says the Toronto Daily Star, Which offers the explanation: “Ramsay MacDonald and Philip Snowden were brought to see, evidently, that Britain's financial position was such that an in- ternational loan was imperative, and they were made to see that this loan could only be had if anti-socialistic financ- ing were adopted and if this financing were sponsored by MacDonald and Snowden. Just what would have hap- pened nobody can say if MacDonald and Snowden had walked out and left the difficulty on the hands of the Con- servative party, to whom it properly belonged.” See Old Family Album. ¥rom the Hamilton (Ontario) Spectator. ve result is worth eve ny of it, just riffie through m:ry plpc-; yvt the “old family album. No Thanksgiving for Growers." From the Goshen Dafly News-Times. ‘Those wheat growers will probably be willing to give country back to the Indians on Thanksgiving day. Dislikes Fish Pictures. Frum coe’ Toiede Bisde. i % " the ‘wrong| ufi&: et e s N f ISR The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. Gov. Gifford Pinchot of Pennsylvania in an address in Missouri to & farmers’ organization came out strongly for the “equalization fee” of the old McNary- Haugen farm rellef blll. His address was a plea for more and better aid for the farmers of the country and a criticism of the Federal Farm Board, set up during the present administr: tion. Missourl is old equalization fee stamping ground. The State was pretty strongly for the nomination of Frank O. Lowden, former Governor of Illinois, at the time of the Republican National Convention in 1928. Lowden had one lank in his platform fof the nomina- lon—the equalization fee—which he would not relinquish. x ok x % The address of the Pennsylvania Governor came as near being a polit- ical campaign platform as it could without bearing the label. The Gov- ernor did not overlook labor, not by any means. He told his hearers that if the farmers and labor got together they could run the country, or at least the Government of the country. Their interests, he said, could run along to- gether. 'He did not advocate a_third party. Minnesota already has a Farm- er-Labor party, which has elected a Governor, a Senator and a member of the House of Representatives. Mr. Pinchot is still a Republican. He may even seek the Republican presidential nomination next year. His old chief, the late Theodore Roosevelt, in 1912 sought to take the presidential nomina- tlon from the late illiam Howard ‘Taft, and, failing that, ran as an in- dependent candidate. If Mr. Pinchot makes a bid for the Republican presi- dential nomination -and does not get it, will he bolt the party if the G. O. P. renominates President Hoover as it re- nominated the late President Taft in 19122 * ok ko ‘The administration forces §o not be- lieve that Mr. Pinchot cr amg one else can take the nomination next year from President Hoover. Nevertheless, they are not overlooking the possibility of &n effort on the part of the Pennsyl- vania Governor to win the presidential preferential primary States in the West in the primary elections for delegates to the Republican National Convention next year. Sometimes it takes the turn of only a few pebbles to start an avalanche, If Mr. Pinchot could win in the pri- maries in one of the Western States— one of the Dakotas, for example, where the insurgent Republicans are strong— such a victory against the President might shake the confidence of the ad- ministration forces and give other possi- ble presidential nominees and their friends the courage to go forward with preconvention campaigns. The visit of i the Pennsylvania Governor to Missouri at this time, and his declaration in favor of the equalization fee, which Mr, Hoover has always opposed, is considered no means without significance by political observers. Mr. Pinchot has shown himself in the past a political opportunist, ready to take advantage of Whatever situations turn up. If there was any doubt before that he had his weather eye out for a presidential nomi- nation, his visit to Missouri has pretty well dispelled that doubt, * ok k% Despite the fact that the Democrats today are talking as though the next presidential election would be a walk- over for them. there are plenty of Re- | publicans and independents who are not willing to concede them g victory. | Republicans have seen the Democrats | make 50 mal political blunders in presidential years in the past that they | are waiting now for such a break. Also, { the Republicans point out that the country normally is strongly Republi- can, and even though normal times are | not here, the Democrats start a fight ! with a big Republican lead to overcome. | Furthermore, the Republicans intend | to convince the country, if they can,| that it would be a bad plan to change | horses in the midst of the present| emergency and that the Democratic party has nothing constructive to offer, any way, if it should be put in power. The Republicans deny flatly that there | is anything to the talk that any Demo- | crat who is nominated for President next year can win. They insist that a good deal is going to depend upon | the candidate put forward by the Democrats. * ok x ok Senator “Jim” Watson of Indiana, Republican leader of the Senate, has returned to Washingon from Indiana in a more optimistic frame of mind over Republican chances next year. In his opinion, the farmers out in the Hoosier State are getting along pretty well this year, with fine crops and plenty to eat, | even though the prices of farm produce are down. Indeed, the big crops in many of the States have encouraged the Republicans considerably. Even out in Kansas, where the administration has been criticized not only because of the Wwheat prices, but because of the oil sit- uation, there is a chance that Repub- lican prospects will pick up next year. It is estimated that the wheat farmers of Kansas have not sold more than a third of this year's crop and have sw far stored the rest. With a shortage in Canada and other countries the prices of wheat may advance materially this Fall and Winter, and if they do | the Kansas farmers, it is said, are likely | to benefit greatly. Also the home State | GRL et T Teniea, reactiiga: total or;"' Carrie Nation and her hatchet is| not likely to look with great approval on a wet Democratic nominee for Presi- | dent, not after he has been nominated. | * X % X ‘The return of Senator Ha: Hawes from the Phillppines, for which | he is striving to bring about independ- ence legislation before he leaves the Senate, calls attention to the fact that Missour! must pick his successor in the upper house of Congres next year. Sen- ator Hawes has definitely taken him- self out of the race for the nomination and election. Former Senator James A. Reed. who took himself voluntarily out of the Senate race three years ago and strove mightily for the Democratic presidential nomination, shows no in- clination to make a bid for the sena- torial nomination next year. Indeed, he still has his mind on the presi- dential nomination and may have the indorsement of the Missouri Democ- racy at the next national convention. Col. Bennett Clark, son of the late Speaker Champ Clark, is an avowed candidate for the Democratic nomina- tion for the Senate, however, and is campaigning right now. * Kk X The Republicans elected a successor to Senator Reed in the Senate, Senator Patterson, in 1928. Just whom they will nominate for the Hawes seat next year is still problematical. Suggestions have been made that perhaps Dwight Davis, Governor General of the Philip- pines, will resign his present post and go back to Missourl to seek the sen- atorial nomination. It was rumored not long ago that he was to come back to this country. But he has not made the move yet. Mr. Davis served as Assistant ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Have we had the pleasure of serving you through our Washington 4nforma- tion bureau? Can't we be of some help to you in your problems? Our business is to furnish you with authoritative in- formation, and we invite you to ask us any question of fact in which you are interested. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J, Haskin, director, Washing- ton, D. C. Inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. What is meant by blind flylng?— Sk eant by blind flying’ A. An aviator is flying “blind” when he cannot see, either from the con- struction of his plane or from the weather conditions, such es fog, rain, etc. When flying “blind,” an aviator guides his plane by means of instru- ments. The most important of these instruments is the earth indicator com- pass. Other essential instruments are BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. used yearly in the United Statest— H W. A. About 100,000,000 tles are used each year. i Q. Why was the husband of Cathe I:m;f the Great so little known?—M. | A. Catherine the Great of Russis | marrifed the Grand Duke Peter, after- | ward known as Peter III. He was the nephew of the Empress Elizabeth, and was her recognized heir. Inasmuch as | Peter was subnormal in physique and in mind and his wife despised him, he does not play so important a role in Russian history as does Catherine, Q. How many times has Jerusalem been in the hands of the Christians within the past 500 years’—S, B. A. When the British occupied Jeru- salem in 1917 it was the first time that the city had been in the hands of & turn Indicator. g bank indicator and | Christians since the Crusades of the a drift meter. While the precision of | these instruments is great, they are by no means perfectly accurate. Skill is| required to read the scales. | Q. What are the most popular card games at present?—T. M. A. Contract and auction bridge. Judging from our own mall, the most popular aside from bridge are five hun- dred, pinochle, auction pitch, poker and | cribbage. Q. What is the population of the world?>—P. G. T A. It 1s now estimated at 2,000,000,000. Q. Why is Harlem in New York City 50 called?—A. D. W. A. It was settled about 1634 by peo- | ple from Haarlem in Holland and the ! name was given it by Gov. Peter Stuyvesant in 1636. Q. Where was the first railroad tun- nel built?>—L. T. C. A. The first rallroad tunnel 'is the | Woodhead Tunnel, which was begun in | the Spring of 1839. The first train | passed through December 2, 1845. This was over what was known as the Man- chester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Rail- way, now the Great Central Divis- fon of the London and Northeastern Railway. Q. How is the dollar signal made in the International Morse Code?—O. H. A. This code does not carry a dollar signal. In the Continental code the signal is three dots for S; dot, dash, | two dots for L. Q. Are the British Isles a part of Europe?>—W. C. A. They are. These islands were at one ‘time & part of the continent. Q. What s a lyric drama?—N. R. . This is another name for opera, | It is a drama which is sung instead of | 11th, 12th and 13th centuries, Q. How does softwood lumber pro- duction compare with hardwood in this country’—W. C. A. A. More than five times as much softwood lumber is marketed. Q. Will glass disintegrat S w 4 egrate if buried? A. Glass would slowly disintegrate if buried in moist soil. The action on the glass would be due primarily to water and alkali. The disintegrating action would vary with the composition er character of the glass and the conditions that obtained in the soil. This action would probably be extremely slow with any glass, and it would probably be cen- turies before some glasses would be completely disintegrated. Q. Are all flags spoken of as “the ‘W. R. W. colors A. The flag is our national emblem | that is hoisted on a flagstaff. The col- ors are national or regimental emblems carried by foot troops when marching or parading. These emblems of the mounted organizations are called stand- ards. Q. What should the minutes of an organization include?—A. W. _A. The essentials of the minutes are: Name of organization: time and place of meeting; kind of meeting, whether regular, special, adjourned, etc.; fact of the presence or absence of the regular chairman and secretary and the names of their substitutes, if they are absent; whether the minutes of the preceding meeting were read and ap- proved; all main motions made at the meeting, except those that were with~ drawn, and points of order and ap- peals, whether sustained or lost, and all other motions not lost or with- drawn; usually the names of members introducing main motions are recorded, being spoken. Q. Did Shakespeare's vocabulary contain as many words as that of an| educated man of today?—C. O. D. A. Shakespeare is credited with ha: ing had a vocabulary of 24,000 words. ‘The average well educated American of today is sald to have between fifty and ! sixty thousand words in his vocabu- lary. The English language has been | enriched with thousands of words since Shakespeare's time, and it remains true g‘l:tdhe had a remarkable vocabulary in | ay. Q. Has & Governor of Kentucky ever given a woman a colonel’s commission? | L | A. Only one woman is a Kentucky | colonel. This honor was conferred on g{] anle Poage by Gov. James D. ack. Q. How many railroad cross ties are but not the names of seconders, Q. Was much Confederate money s~ sued during the Civil War?>—W., 8. A. The Southern States issued mfl- lons of dollars in paper money. begin- ning in July, 1861. The last issue ap- peared on February 17, 1864. Q. What churches are united in the Church of Christ in China?>—N. A. L. A. It is & union of fourten different denominational groups, representing the fruit of missionary effort. It was or- ganized in Octcber, 1927, and unites in a single body Presbyterians. Congre- gationalists, Evangelicals, Reformed, United Brethren, English Baptists and several other groups. Dr. C. Y, Cheng is moderator of the church. Q. In what country is there the most {llegitimacy?—I. B. M. A. The highest figures available show an ‘illegitimacy rate of 700 per 1,000 births in Jamaica. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS Gov. Roosevelt, according to his en- | Then there is Owen D. Young, a name | thustastic press agents, already has the |to conjure with, the biggest exponent Democratic _ presidential nominstion | of big business ever enrolled in. the cinched. The latest news from the | Democratic party. The self-made mil- Roosevelt camp claims not alone his | lionaire, the great executive, the miracle nomination but claims it on the first man of international finance, the mas- ballot, with & tabulation assigning to | ter mind, wise, humane, devoid of po- him more than two-thirds of the dele- | litical ambition, the chairman of the gates to prove it. It is all over but the |board of the General Electric Co., like shouting. The rush to the Roosevelt Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover, bandwagon is pictured as a veritable ' has the rare faculty of capturing the stampede. Such claims, however, are'public imagination. subject to heavy discount in Washing- | % ton and in New York as well. The The nomination of Owen D. Young scramble for the nomination is not over ' seems an exceedingly remote contin- yet. It has hardly started. The choice gency, but it is a contingency, neverthe- of next year's Democratic convention less, which must figure in every discus- still rests in the lap of the gods. Gov Roosevelt has not vet openly broken with Tammany Hall, and there is an abundance of evidence that he has no intention of doing so. The Southern Democracy has not yet acquired any real relish for Tammany-tagged pres dential aspirants. Al Smith is not yvet on_the Roosevelt band wagon—not by a long sight—nor Owen D. Young, nor the trio of Ohio stalwarts, Baker, Buck- ley and Cox, and so on down a long list of Democratic notables, who will wield influence in greater or less de- gree in party primaries, in party coun- cils and_in the convention—the two senatorial Walshes, Ritchie, Robinson, Pat Harrison, McAdoo, to name 4 fe * e i Gov. Roosevelt is not vet assured of | the solid support of the New York del gation, much less the support of two-| thirds of the entire convention, either on the first or eny other ballet. It is a common assumption that when and if the day comes that Al Smith is fully persuaded that the 1932 nomination is out of his reach, he will put the full force of his own power and influence behind Roosevelt. Perhaps it may turn out that way, but it looks like a risky assumption. With respect to Tam- | many, the New York Governor is be- tween the devil and the deep sea. Tam- many support is a heavy handicap at the convention and in the campaign. | Yet it Roosevelt publicly repudiates Tammany he splits the New York dele- | gation at the convention and guaran- tees that if he is nominated the Demo- crats will lose New York in the election. | Such a situation and prospect would | just about eliminate Mr. Roosevelt &s, a candidate for the nomination. R o In these days of distress when a job and a meal are the uppermost concern of many millions, when lifting of com- | modity prices to save the agrarian areas from utter ruin, when the rescue of the railroads from a financial plight which strikes terror to the “investing public.” when the stabilization of in- ternational finance, lest world-wide so- | cial debacle ensue, are the problems of the hour, it is difficult to promote ex- citement 'about the “power trust” and the water-power issue. That was the issue with which Roosevelt has sought | Joseph T. Robinson sion of the 1932 campaign until the Democratic standardbearer is actually nominated. Newton D. Baker of Cleve- land, Secretary of War in the Wilson cabinet, is distinctly in the running for the 1932 nomination. His qualifica- tions are self-evident. And hailing from Ohio, State of Presidents, his geographic location would ordinarily count heavily in his favor. The one trouble is that Baker has two fellow citizens, Senator Robert J. Buckley and former Gov. James M. Cox, the 1920 Democratic nominee, either of whom would be willing to make the necessary personal sacrifice to sccept the nomination. Thus at present the three Ohioans are standing in one an- other’s light. * % % % So far as Gov. Cox is concerned he is as much out of the running as is John W. Davis, who carried the Demo- cratic standard bravely in the Coolidge landslide in 1924. The difference is that Davis has no illusions about his political future now, but Cox has. Sen- ator Buckley of Ohio is a horse of an- other color. He is a real contender. Gov. Ritchie of Maryland is no dark horse, either. A countrywide canvass for Ritchie delegates has been under way for months. His presidential boom has been painstakingly nurtured for years. He is riding a gallant race, but is still a 20-to-1 shot to win. presidential white hope of the South, J ¥ of Arkansas, is going into a convention in which the majority of the delegates are fixedly determined to nominate s wet from a pivotal Northern State. That seems to let him out. (Copyright. 1931.) Drift From Country To Cities Increases From the Philadelphia Public Ledger. ‘The drift of the population from the country to the cities, first noted in the census of 1920, has continued to in- crease, even to & greater extent tham was indicated by the earlier figures made public last year. The analysis now completed by the Census Bureau to identify himself, That was the issue | giow “nP irban population of 68,958 on which he planned to wage the 1932 | 000, or 56.2 per cent of the total, &s battle with Mr. Hoover. | compared with 51.4 10 years ago. In Sl 11910 the urban population was only To placate the South Gov. Roosevelt| 458, The Census Bureau's definition has felt obliged to soft-pedal the prohi-| of urbanites is persons living in places bition question. His middle-of-the-road course on this issue makes no hit with the militant wets. At present the Secretary of War and as Secretary of ‘War under President Coolidge, and was appointed by President Hoover Governor General of the Philippines. He has been away X’r:m Missouri !o‘r h-l-l .fid many years, in consequence o g service in the Federal Government. ‘Whether he could go back and pick up the threads itly to sufficlently to win a sen- atorial election next year is a question. If he retires as Governor General of the islands, an opening will be given for the appointment of Gov. Roosevelt of Porto Rico as head of the Philippine govern- ment. Col. Theodore Roosevelt, jr., has had an ambition to be Governor Gen- eral ‘odf those islands for a long time, it is said. - Better Way Advocated. Prom the Wheeling Intelligencer. The anti-prohibitionists are advocat- ing modification of the Volstead act as a means of relieving uncmployment. ‘While about it we might legalize the manufacture of oplum and suthorize Governor holds the center of the stage with his unemployment relief program presented to the New York Legislature. His prescription has no novelty. He says he, too, is against the dole. He. too, sees the means and the only means whereby the Government itself can directly pro- vide more jobs. His $20,000,000 from the State treasury will help feed the ungry and shelter the homeless this Winter, but affords no solution of our basic economic difficulties. In a word, Roosevelt's course so far is adver- tising, but provides him with no issue. KK K K If Roosevelt wins the Democratic nomination it will not be by default. He has plenty of formidable competi- tion. Never in recent times have the Democratic political woods been so full | of presidential timber. The tallest cedar of them all is Alfred Emanuel Smith. Yet, so far as anything can be certain in politics, it is certain that the Democrats will not renominate the man in the browngderby. The reasons why shqvfllnmmmhmudhm. in ‘expansion of public Works | of 2,500 or more inhabitants. ‘While millions thus classified cannot be regarded as city dwellers, other mil- | lions residing in suburbs of fewer than 2,500, and therefore classed as rural- ites, are employed in cities and may be considered in that sense residents of metropolitan communities. Final fig- ures on the strictly farm population are still to be issued, but the Depart- ment of Agriculture estimates that it has suffered a decrease of about 4,000, 000 since 1920, when it was 31,000,000 As for the population officially called urban, it would have been still except for the migration from the big | cities to the suburbs. | No development revealed by the 1930 | census contains more significar:t impl | cations, social, political and otherwise, than the increase in the urban ele- ment. As late as 1880 two-thirds of our people lived on farms or in com- munitles of 2,500 or under and only 12 per cent in cities of over 100,000. The gradual conversion of a rural popula- tion into a Nation of ‘city dwellers has brought, and will still hfl:&. many bits, es afle national hal m uwfim"’un and lawva