Evening Star Newspaper, August 30, 1931, Page 26

(Continued From Third Page) | i | recently compieted and soon to be fm«, stalled "t the Harvard southern station | in South Africa. With the improved spectroscopes and other auxillary de- viees for whieh plans are alke being | drawn, these northern and southern Jookouts will provide fmportamt rein- forcements to mankind's conspiracy against the star secrets. They will give the universe analysts two new and pow- erful and strategically placed mirrors with whieh to dredge the abyss of space for cosmicxl clues, or probe into ‘he tumultuous chemiesl simplicity that Nes within the interior of stars—tools 16 pick At the lock which guards the mysterious trinity of spce, time and matter, And they aré the more effective tools Beckuse they are paired-—one in South Alries. where the whole brilliant South- erm Hemisphere of stars enrolls te the the other in New BEngland to survey the norihern skies South Afriea is famous for its clear and faverable atmosphere, but you may wonder how any site near the New England seaboerd can b2 called “sira- tegic” for astronomy. Is not the whoie eastern rim of the continent notorious for its smoke, haze and cloudiness” Is it mot well recognized fhat big tele- scopes do thefr work best on mountain tops? 1 brought up these points when the chofce of location for the new nortbern instrument was discussed with Removal to Al Observation. “Records show that mountain peaks #re not ideal sites for astronomical so- answered Dr. Shapley, “Currents ' of air follow the natura contour of elevations. and a high peak fréquently becomes a sort of spout for fscending and descending air current which m:y cause serious distortion of starlight “We kesp several photographic tele- fcopes going here in Cambridge eve cléar night, with cameras atiached. to make récords of certain assigned aveas of the Milky Way. For a number of years these Cambridge nstruments heve been able to work 52 per cent of the Hours of darkness. Removed to the new station, away from the glare of eity lights and the baze of eky smoke and dust, these felescopes will mcreas> their WoOrking timte. We estimate that we can count on 55 to 60 per cent of the vear being eloudless. which js & higher av- éragé than many inland observatories enjoy. “T._would be possible. of course, ‘o find better ‘seeing.’ The high pistsau région of the Southwest and the Cal- forsila cosst offer a greatsr proportion of cloudless nights. But there are ob- séivatories already established in those regions and doing indispensable work Our lot bas Been cast for nearly a cen- tury in Cambridge. the seat of Harvard | University, and there are important advdntages m having the northern ob- #erving station clese to hemdquartsrs “Laboratories and collaborating s:i- entists ate herc in Camtbridge, our as- tronomical personnel is here! our brary #nd records sre here: our yéar coilection of photographie plac of the skies is here, #nd the new station ®ill nséd the prozimily and the eo- tlon ¢f all these factors to meke Work & sueccess.” Work te Be Photographic. The new station will be far enough away from 10 esedpe ihe city’s halo of stmosphieric snnovances, 4nd it will bé mear enough to b resched within an ~ our’s . ohservers will have essy access to con- ferees anC faciliiles at headquarters, 4nd the mathematical astronomers. pho- explorers, star catalogers and ters workers Wil be of & powerful with which to check their resulte ‘“'o:‘k ;nh‘;nh the new reflectors iT§ily photographic. for the sénsitized glass plate kkng ago supplant- instrumen ¢d the human éve as an it for récord and can be filed and kept -::M for reference, study and compérison. This fact has given the Harvard Ob- SeTVALOry 4 wmique distinction smong Aatronicmical centers. For it was th- Arst—certainly first on this eontinent— erhepe reum- #tance fhat it was among the first ob- servatoriss to Gepart from the early emphasic on positional sstronomy #nd 16 se¢ that the future of the sclence lay i physics—in the application of the- ories of gases. radiation, pressure and cther terrestrially discovered laws matter ond energy to the faraw: worlas Pickering Ploneered Work. It erepted 4 stir both in internal Marvard circles and in external astro- nomieal elrcles when President Eliot eariy in his revolutionary career 25 head of Harvard University, sclected a young physicist 4s diréctor ¢f the observatory ward C. Pickering committed the Harvard Observatory 1o a stezdfast pro- ram of astrophysical research—and the names “Pickering” and “Harvard” soon bécame brilliant binaries in the eurrent literature of astronomical exploraticn and aQissovery. It was Pickering who inaugurated the use of photography as a regular mear's of studying the sisrs. He set up patrol telescopes in Cambridge, ard night after night, year in And vear out (whenevsr westher permitted). his silent squad «f photcgraphic patroimen made their hourly records of the skies. He inspired a gift of $230.000 from a wealthy friend. and with this establishd the first southern station in Peru, in- malling here Ao photographic telr- sccpes to capture and embalm forever the stariight of the southern hesvens Soon 1 from th: South began io bring sirange new items along with their cargoes of coffee. coco, fruits and bul- lien—stocky padded crates, Three or four times a vear these rare cxports from South America were landed in Boston, 1o bs earried by cautious truck- erg over to Cambridg. When Pickering dled. in 1919, there were more than 200,000 of these precious phctographs Warvard Leads in Discovery The proudest event in Harlow Sha Jor's professional caresr. I venture think. is the fact that he was called #succeed Pickering. Under Shapl rection the photographic surv has been carried forward consistently. and today there are more than 330,000 piates in the collection. It is not only several times larger than any other collection but it covers a period of mcre than 40 years. The 40-0d4d vears of photographs have proved a min: of surpsssing richness to the astronomical prospector. For ex- mple: Of the 7.000 varisble stars that are known. more than 5000 were dis- covered through these Harvard photo- graphs. The use ! the Cepheid type star 25 a stand>rd candle was discov- wred , through the study of Hervard photographs of the Magellanic Clouds. and thus A new yardetick for measuring interstellar—and even intergalactic— distances has be:n provided. A major- ity of the known novze, cr sudden blazes of starlight which occasionally in the heavens, have been discov searchers of the Harvird plates, Within the last three years 10,000 g laxics, vast whirls of stass outside our Milky War. some cf them more than 100000000 Jight-yeers distant, have been found through photographs mede at the sout] station. The demznd of the gowing rollec. tien for space to house its repidly ac- additions, and the request ) s di- | of research men for room In which to | study the plates, brought the observa- thorities & few months ago to an tory saurte redlization of the congestion the. | afffictd them. Morcover, ther: was the constant hazard of fire. Strang: though it may seem to sny thoughtful ene who beholds t nifieént new Harvard that Ras y #risen along the River Charles and among the quiet streets northeast <f the Yard, this urfique astronomical collec tion (which cost over a million dollars to sceumulsts and whieh theusends of milli-ne of dotlars could not replace) is houted in wooden stacks in sn over- crowded nom-fireproof bufiding. WHE Be Intalled Fhis Year. he new program ber with & meteor 2ona, Equipment Shipped. The expedition will be manned by six cservers and will establish headquar- ters near tie Lowell ‘vatory. It will remain In the field & full year, for #n important purpose of the expedition 5 to cetermine the sewconal distribu- ‘The observers will “ob- e mast A committes appointed by the Har- vard Board of Overseers was impressed with the n'ed of s fireproof building. A survey of the remarksble achie ments of the observatory during tre last dec-de, and of the pregraan of research which Dr. Shapley and his stafl have plannied, fmpress-d the committee with claims of other needs :lso—new equip- ment. new endowment. A Ifst cf sp- proved projeécts calling for am invest- ment of $1.860,000 was drawn up. ‘Today the first objective—a $1,000,000 fund—hcs bien ov-rsubseribed. Already the new fireproof building is rising in Cambridge. fore the end of the vear the phot graphic collection and the sstronomical leboratory will be installed in safe quarters. yoomy ~nough to provide for another half ecentury of grcweh, And ziready the Jocation of the principal jtem of new equipment the 80-inch telescope, has been fin'd Before Winter sets In several of the smaller telescopes which mew photo- graph (e stars in Cambridge vill b moved here The new telescope and the security of the stcllar photegraphs are nt ends ™ themselves, how-ver, but are propossd #s steps in a progr:m of research larger the 92 vesrs' histery of Harvard Ob- servatory. What is that program? We dre enlarging snd inténsifyving our studies of two phi*nomens—meteors and sterlight.” snsvered Dr. Shapley. Svslemutic Wateh Neoded. Millions of meteors—shooting stors— enter the earth's atmiosphere very 24 hours. There &: theories #s to the origin ¢nd nature of these fragments but little is known. It 1§ & question, f-r €xampie, whether metsors are of the solar system only. and repres:nt the re- mains ef ccmets or planets, or whe'ker they eome from the vist outside snd are samples <f what Dr. Shapley has nimed the Cosmoplaemi—-the vague uncrganized or éimly organic:d parti- clés and les that move spredily and perhaps endlessly through inter- Slsctie b'éyflh'; 5 eerchers have been sifting through the stelier pRotographs om the lookout for micteor trails that may have im- pressed themsel'e: on the plates. and they have found hundrsds. But photo- raphs can show only #n infinitesima) raction of the meteors that aré visible —{hose ezceptionally bright ones that chance to flaré up in the particular sky field toward which the tajescope hap- Ppened 15 be pointed st time. Dr. Shapley has long felt the néed of the observer emn fix ite ané_divection. P Two of these huts have bren shipped to Arizona. Ome will be stationed st Flagstafl. The other. also with two watehers, will be stationed 15 miles is = away. item of i deviee of mirrors. The reeiprocal sction of the mirrors gives star # civeular motion in the re- Md. and when a swiftly mov- ing object like & meteor erosses its path is shown as & curved Jine. Many Questions Unanswered. “Tt is the most serious and thorough- going study of meteors ever - taken.” explained Dr. Shapley, “snd 1 am hopeful that it will help us to un- Tavel some of the problems that we cannot fathom by depemcence on our other Tom outer spa f ht.” studies cover a vast . ranging from & new attdek on the sun's mysteries 10 an at- tempt to plot the most distant galaxies and outline the dim edge systems which Dr. Shapley thie Metagalaxy. Some of the problems are suggested by the following ques- tioms: Is the sun & regular member of the Milky Way of &n erratic and wander- ing_star witheut associates? the Milky Way rotate as & unit? s ¥ & great spiral nebula or is it an elxundu flat system of irregular star clowss? Is our system, whieh seems to be a continent universe RuUmerous isiands, in an early or a late stage in the development of & whole cloud of galdxies? . Does our Milky Way. with the An- dromeda nebula and nedrdy systemis, form a super-organtza- tion of galaxies such as we find tant parts of space? Is the Milky Way receding from the center of the universe at an sccelerat- ing galaxies appear to be? Tarough analysts of fragile starfight by following the strange shifts of spec tral lines and from studié: of the m- explicable variations in the light of certain giant stars Dr. Shapley and his essociates hope to get, 6, Another clue or two to some of these unsoived mysteries, Peace Across the Rhine? | later | #nties shall we have that six months we shall not be asked to mak: still further ecncessions and sacrifices W up, undér the guldance of 4n eminent American expert, & fourth or & fifth plan? o Th:re you have an ustration of the Frenchman's ek of confidence. The samé might be said sbout the Loearno agreement. The Locarno agree- they | ment, signed tn 1925, wes for th* most it, that if they trétehed out their fingers to Germany, | Germans . would sefz: their arm, their elbow, their shoulder, their whole Do facts ottty this {ear which Is the soul of #lmost every We must s@mit that thev , I & eertain measure st We need not go as far back the deluge. Let us go baek to 1929, only two vears ago. At no time sinee the war i8d intercourse oseome exsier iwth Germany. Streseman had offered and signed the pact of Loearno, which gréatly eontributed to reassure Prance regarding her safety. The peyments provided for by the Dawes plan were being regularly and punctusfly execut- ed. An stmosphere of good will was prevailing on both sides of the Rhine. Then eame the suggestion that the Atmosphere would b= still clearer and intercourse still easier if Prancs would évacuste the Rhine compietély «fiv years in sdvance, -cevrd'ng to The Versalles treaty). if Jhe Duwes plan were replaced by less rigid machinery, if Geérmany were 1o e irce of all con- trol and guaArdianship. France hesi- tated somewhat but iinaily aceepted the suggestion. In Jun Rhineland was evacual tent of $1 ny. Relations Badly Strained. ‘What has been the resuli’ The suit was irfitating demonstrations ef the Ster] Helmets in the presence of the former Crown Prince. the eléctions of last September in which the ex- tremists displayed unexpected strength the construction of a fieet of pocket battieships which will necessitate = fresh navel effort by Prance: the dis- agrecable surprise of the Austro-Ger- man customs union fereshadowing the revival of the German scheme for Mit- teleurops: and Iast but no least. the knockout of the whele acheme of rep- arations that had been bullt up so laboriously In fact, never have relations been o strained. never has the atmosph-re been 20 cloudy. 8o with some lomic ihe Prench people aay. “What was ihe ure of our making these sacrifices’ Things have bien going worse After them than before. Wh2t would be the use of mak- ing furiher sacrifices’ Things wouid grow atill worse.” Above all, France feels that interna- tional treatics must be respected. When 1 speak of treaties 1 am not referring 70 much to the peace treaties, A peace weaty is, of courss, A trraty m>de fol- Jowing a war Victors and vanquithed #re face to face and, ineiuctably. ihe victors impose the'r terms upon the vanouished. 50 that the vanquished may slways, 1o a crtain extsnt, claim that they were net free and had to aubmit to force, But here I am particularly referring to treaties or conventions ccn- cluded long after the war, when both parties stood on equal footing and freely piedged themzelves, Dawes Plan Cited by French. Let us take some examples. The Daves pi'n, which settled the exasperating problems of reparations, vas decided upon in 1924, It was not imposed upon the debtors: they had the full liberty of discussing and accepting it, Nevertheless. six years later, st the request of the d biors, it was supsrseded by the Young plan, which was still more freely discussed, snd which, as staied above, carried important conces- slons and obligations from the creditors. The Young plan was sol-maly precanted as the Amal conclusion of the whole controversy, Now, though the Youug plan has been in operstion lees than a year, 'we heir that it should be revis-d and . 8o very naturally you cannot help hearing the Prench saying. “If we replace the Young plap. after much e 000,000, was granted to 1930, the | part tiie work of the late Herr Strese- mann. who eéngaged his country m 1t only s far s he thought wise and just. Agréem:nt practieally setties ihe question of ‘western frontiers, and &ll the Western European countries pledged thimsélves to consider these frontiers as irrevocably fized. Now, quite recently Germany and Belgiom adopted a convention settling minor details concerning their re ive bor- ders. and when the Reichstag h2d to ratify the convention it saw fit te state, “The ratification does not imply the renunciation by Geormany of the two small cities, Bupen and Msalmedy. in- cluded in Belghn territory 80, o ourse, Belgians are asking today. “What about the Loearno agresment? Is it Alréady null and veid? 1Is Germany repudiating Stresemann’s et Here, again, you have Mek of con- Anschioss Also Obstacle. Last but not least ecomes the so- called customs agréement betwsen Ger- many and Austria, which exploded like 4 bomb In a blue sky and resulted in 4 trial before the Hague Oourt might be argued that Germany free 10 sign such an agreement. but there seems little doubt that Austria was not, because in 1922 Austria, ask- ing for international financial assist- ance, signed at Geneva under the aus- pices of the League of Nations a pledge ain from all nego- tiations, all economic and financial ar- rangements of a nature to compromise directly or indirectly her independence.” Austria signed the pl freely for ti reason that she n money. After haying got the money the broke the piedge Under such conditions what econfi- dence can you henceforth expect Euto- pean countries to have In any interna- Jonal Joan whatever? What hope can you have that they will reply to & fresh call from the League to relieve any country finaneiaily or help another economically? One often asks. Europe?” The answer is easy Europe needs confidence” And there is no confidence when A contract which has been freely signed is torn to pleces. That shakes faith in all contracts, both materizl and moral Lasting Peace Depends on Both. Edousrd Herriot. former premier France and leader of the Radical So- calist opposition in the Prench Cham- ber. who is far from a nationalist or militar'st, was unanimously cheered when he seid recently: “It s because 1 am an ardent pacifist that I insist on the loyal observation of freely signed international contracts. If there is no recpect for such contracts there is ne fesling of security for any nation. If there is no feeling of security there iz no fesling of peace.’ Of course the French are too sensil to maintain that treaties must be ex- scuted through all eternity. But they consider that If treatles can b: changed | or altered otherwise than by the consent of the signatories, then th: very basis of intsrnational law w'll collapse. They consider, 100, that if a treaty freely signed in 1930 is thrown into the vaste-paper basket in 1831 - (which seems very likely to b: the case with th? Young plan) there is no stability 10 be expected from international agree- ments. And if there is no stability there ¢on be no security. Shall 1 conclude? ~The conclusion is obvious. If a lasting reconciliation is to take place between France and Germany (and for the sake of the worid's pesace It must take piace) a double demonstration s necessary: Prance, of course, has to demonstrate her good will and mpst prove, con- trary to the opinjon of 50 many people. that she docs not want 17 exact rigidly her “pound of, fiesh” from the defeat>d nation of 1918; but Germany has to prove that concessions will not be a pictext for her to ask still more con- cessjons And thet treaties fresly signed by her will not shortly b> constantly repudiated. Good will must b met by good faith. This could b* summed up n one word, the eternal word so sweet o and s0 1o realize: es the field | of organtzed ' e as vélocity, #s some of the distant ! b O was | ‘What are the needs | of | Machine Age Goes to Farm (Continued From Pirst Page) | Iy cut of envy; and many refused to work for him. But he | unruffied. He saw bettr times ahea and he was going to stick it out until they esme. Before the gasoline tractors came along there were l:an and bitter years, wh'n the lord of the Losi Empire mark- ed time. During the long Winters when s was nothing to do out on the mn.nwmhekwmmiau ; for, remember, he had to earm I position i the Fox Films. As he got ahesd n th: world, he ed more and more yesources into Texas: for his heart was ev:‘.o;l ou‘.ct:ehgnl plains, 2 s y el e, mm running his various jobs along with wheat. he was eomtinually leain- ing. He visited every fractor factory in the United States, studying the de- were much Texas prairies. So Price indulged watchiul waiting. Meanwhile he made | an _tensive study of management methods. He Ford, studied dustrial minagement and prepared himi- self for the future. H: mspectsd every big farm snd most experiment statione. Starts Quest for Tractors. Pinally the medium sized gasoline | traetor tmred‘ntns ?rummt - |a sore disw men s | first lw'fl.m were conceived, as Im- 'wovod buggles (some even having whip sockets, you remember), so were the | firse - tractors designed ss improved mbles, For some work they surpassed the mules, but for other jobs they fell far below mulish performance. Poor’as they were, though, Price bought fhem eagerly and with them was- able to till more snd more scres every year. He bought and rented as much as he cold swing. At length he was plowing more than 22,000 acres. Bul he was even more dissatisfied than ever. The tractors had given him just & taste of what giant power could do. Not being an engineer, he was rejuc- tant to approach tractor manufscturers with complaints and sugsestions. #t Jength he ventured. He walked in on the chief research engineer of one of the world's largest automotive eom- penies and esked him whether he would # 300-horsepower tractor. g, T e T A 75 1] eer, “and w! was | Antshed, whod buy st market for such a huge tractor. farmers can't even use the largest j standard contractors’ tractor mow!” Proves Expert Wrong. I ewen said Price. and off he went to one of the best known tractor factories and asked for five or six of their biggest contractors’ tiaetors, such i | Common in Latin (Continued From Third Page.) | regimes in Bolivia, Peru, Argentina and | cther ecountries. The a rousing of a keen semse of résponsibility has beén precisely one of | the direetly outstanding characteristics jof the recent political movement in | Latin Amsrica #nd cne which makes #t s0 different from the profitieas snd purely personslietic uphesvals that for |4 whole century had been filling the ! history of the neigboring republics. | Therefore, a so-called popular revolt lin a Latin Ameriean country resulted in but the substitution of a certain group of men for another, with ne i signs of improvement in sdministrative | methods or in the abandonment of immoral practices in the exercise of power. In general, the faults and misdeeds | of the deposed authorities. whose lack of scruples in financial matters had {started ths revolutions. were looked upon with indifference after these re- | volts had sueceeded. The guilty ones usually walked out elegantly to enjoy !in some distant country the fortunes | piled up under cover of government positicns, thelr successors being more concernsd with the thought of getting irid of them than with their punis- ment. ia Fortune Probed. however, the ousted ex- Ives in a different situstion. A Tribunal of National Sanc- tion was created in Peru the day after the successful termination of the rev lution t5 “investigate the personal fe tune of deposed President Leguta. his sans and his political comrades, After a careful inquiry, which lastsd several moenths, this tribunal convicted the L-guiss of embezzlement of public funds and condemned them to refund to the national treasury the sum of 25,000,000 In Argentina, ex-President Irlgcye: and tome of his closest political friends Are being tried for mismanagem:nt of the national income and illegal profit- | ing through me:ns of ernment | funds. In Brazil, former President Luiz | was held priscner for some time undcr | | similar charges. although later released | and exiled to Europe. In Folivia, an Accusation agiinst ousted Preside.t Siles 1s still pending before Congres.. | In Pznama charges against the recently | overthrown regime of 8:nor Arosemena | are in progress Whether justified or not—whether legelly accurate or merely the result of politice] passions and revenge—thet: accusations have accompanied the over- throw of every ousted Latin American executive during the last epidemic of revelution It was probably with thes: examples in mind that President Ubico of Guate- malz, not long ago had enacted his | startling “law of probity.” zn original document In administrative matters. Law Attracts Attention. This law. preventing the fllegal ac- quisition <f wealth by high officials o | employes of the administration during their t-rms of office, sttracted wide- spread attention in political circles, for it closely followed the ccnvietion of ex-President Leguia of Peru and the irinls of & number of former govern- ment personages in other Latin repub- hes, Besides. it was the first time that & formal attempt h2d been made to make cficlal graft and government corrugtion no longer possible in a: least one country in the world Th: Gustemalan lew of prolity— which 1 discussed at Icngih some months zg-—makes it mandatory for all employes of the government receiv- ing In excess of $200 monthly, or handling public funds, to make an af- davit setting forth sll their worldly possessions &t the tim2 they take C Real estate, securities, industrial in ests and bank accounts, of any app! cant for public office, must be declared. and a record of such declarations kept by the national treasury. Another srticle of the law provides | that neither the individuals affected b: it, their relatives nor intimate friends, may ecntract with the state for work or suppli*s when the provisions of the contract #re to be enforced by the in- dividuals in question, And still another provision declares that if a person is the owner cf. or a stockholder in, » mercantile or indus- triel enterprise which produc‘s goods for government consumption, he must take cath st the time of entering the government service, that the ent-rprise w4l not supply the government during the term of his employment. Graft Diffcult. | thus having profit | Corruption Cause of Chilean Revblt American Uprisings | | ‘ as are used In logging and road build- ing. e salesman summoned the com- pany engineer, who shook his head. “We wouldn't sell yow one of these wheat farming, Mr. Price.” 52d he earnestly. “It is much too heavy for plewing. It wouldn't de the work right. You'd be dissatisfed and probably blame us. Stick to the regular farm tractor! It's designed for the_job.” lett. He picked up a battery fell seecnd-hand. big feliows for of these big | appeared. eeks ago Price exhibited ful zeal for proving the . He bought 18 irgest combines for this year's . As he watched a tractor haul- ing one of them he feit that scarcely engineers about it and was 'ell, then.” asked Price. “why not o to ome tractor? | That'll release nine tractors for other work.” ““You eanmot work out any hiteh that will pull them properly.” said the engi- neer. And the mechanical supermtend- ents backed him up. Within 12 _hours Price had devised a new hitch. Each of his tractors is now pulling two of the largest combines and cutting a 40-foot swath. The saving in thme, energy and cash is huge. Price Mas Lesson for U. 8. Here you have the man's attitude to- ward the whole farm problem. Here you see the latent ingenuity and the keen skepticiem which make for prog- 1ess. His closest friends say that he is & smooth blend of the visionary. the inventive and the hard-boiled routine manager. No ingredient fails t5 meit in sweetly. Add to this his rare love of peopie. and you get the fuller picture of his personality no less than the se- cret of his success. His farm hands swear by him. His ranch is Yun al- most like a big family pienic. Nobody has to be driven to work. You get the feeling that here are boys and ex-cow punchers and agricultural college gradu- ates and flea-bitten old farm managers who Rave somehow eaught the spark of L] and bave taken fire 1. for one, think they are right. The world has just begun to hear about Hickman Price. Twenty years hence, when food faetories a hundred miles ' long sprawl across the face of America, people who nd what it all mesns will see this vigorous young man the Henry Ford of the fields. If he brings 1o the American farm noth- , bul team work and the zest for achievement, he will acomplish more than ail the tractors and comiynes ever bufit. For the curse of the farmer is his petty individualism; it has robbed Rim of more profits than have grass- hoppers and droughts and haik Let Iim learn from Price the art of swing- ing whoie empires. Then watch! et the expense ¢f the government Guatemals. In thai country, at lesst. the sale of “government influencss” will be forgotten. The law of probity frally provides that when a government official or em- ploye ceases t5 function. or even dur- ing his tenure of office. any person. by | mere comparison of possessions, may file charges against him with the state auditor or treasurer, who will make an | immediate investigaticn and, if noc- | essary, place the facts befors the- courts | It ‘might be well to remember, »s I said before, in commenting upon th: | law of probity, that “facts placed be- fore the courts” have I2t<ly placed for- mer government cflicials behind the bars in several other Latin American republics, i (Cop: ht. 1631 The United States destroyer Hamll- | ton of the Atlantic Training Squadren | returned here yesterday, after making another voyage of two weeks with members of th: United States Naval Reserve aboard for tralning. The ves- sel debarked Reserve divisions of the Pittsburgh, Pa. and Richmond. Va. battalions here yesterday, after having taken them on & voyage to Bermuda Under the plans made at the begin- ning of the season the Hamil- ton was scheduled ton:.v!":e'( 1ll"ld’ proceed to Hampton # lay- over of » week and then take aboard the Reserve divisions of Norfolk and | Newport News for a eruise. | However, it was indicated last week that the Hamilton may be relieved from | this duty and the destroyer Claxton, also of the Trajning Squadron, probably would be assigned for the Reserve It was explained that thle e engineering experi- mental :hip of the Training Squadran. Prior to_coming to Washington to be- gin her Reserve cruising season she was “ngaged in this work in the Chesapeek=> Bay. The vessel is being used for cx- periments in the preparation of data from which engineering ations will be drawn for the proposed new | destroyers. I Ensign Gerardus B. Clark, it was an- nouneed, has become eligible for pro- motion to the rank of leutemant junior ). He is a member of the Aviation Reserve. ‘Vernon nry Grant, an employe of the Bureafi of Aeronautics; Navy De- partment. has been sppointed a Meu- tenant (junior grade) in the Aviation Reserve. In #n effort to clesi up som> mis- understanding 2s to the eligibility of men for transfer to the fleet l¥aval Re- serve. the Bureau of Navigation has outhined the requircments. The large number of inquiries, official and dmoffi- cial, being recsived indicates that there is rather widespread lacd of knowledge #s to the Jaw governing transfer of en- listed personnel to the fleet Naval Re- ve, 3ays a statement of the depart- ent The usual inguiry, it was pointed out. is “Do 1 come under the ‘old law’ or under the 1925 law?" In order to answer this inquiry, the bureau explained. it is necessary only to detsrmine one fact—that is, What was | the man's status on the on® day and | date, July 1, 19257 1If on that date he was serving in the Regular Navy, or had been discharged from the Regular Navy and subs>quently re-enlisted with- in three months of date of discharge or was serving in the Na TV force in an_enroliment entered into within four momths of the date of dis. charge from the Regular Navy and re- | enlisted within three months of date of discharge from th> Naval Reserve, he is eligible for transfer to the fleet Naval Reserve after 16 or 20 vears’' service and will receive the benefits of the act of August 29, 1916, frequently referred to #s the “old law.” regardless of the fact that service might not have been con- tinuous either prior or subsequent to July 1, 1925. These classes are desi nated as F-4-C and F-4-D, respectively, ny man who does not meet one of these requirements, and only one is necessary, is eligible only for ths 20- vear Reserve established by the act of July 1, 1925, designated as class F-5 The bureau says that another com- mon inquiry “Does my service—that is, service in the Marine Corps, etc-—count for transfer: The ans to this inguiry is set forth in | the following statement which shows what service may be credited for trans- | fer to the Naval Reserve: All service as an enlisted man of the | Regular Navy regardless of the fact that | it may not have been continuous. and | regardless of the character of discharge rezeived: all service in the United States Marine Corps regardiess of con tinuity or character of discherge covice in the United States Guerd only while operating under jurisdiction of the Navy Department in time of war: all active service in | the United States Naval Reserve Porc: or United States Naval Reserve except | active sefvice for training purposes service as an officer of the Regular Navy or activé service as a Peserve officer. Another feature which seems to be not generally understood by command- ing officers as well as the-enlisted per- sonnel is the difference between service for transfer to th: fleet Naval Reserve and service for pay purposes. Prob- ably the main difficulty is failure to understand the constructive serviee allowed on Iminority enlistments and in the cast of three months' early dis- charges for the convenience of ihe Government in accordance with the provisions of the “old law." ‘The bureau points out that it is also teresting to note that while service in the Marine Corps may be eredited for transfer, it does not count for whereas all service in the United States Coast Guard, regardiess of date, may be | counted for pay, but only between the dates of April 6, 1917, and August 28, 1919, dees it count for transfer to the Reserve. Also, that while all service as an officer counts for transfer, enty | service between the datea of April 6, 1917, and December 31, 1921, is credited in mlplltllg 2 man's pay. Service in the United State; Army does not count for pay or transfer to the Reserc. but it does count for retirement after 30 years' full active service and for 30- year retirement after transfer to tne Reserve upon the compietion of 16 or 20 years' service. Change in the regulations which would make citizens of the insular pos- sessions of the United States eligible for transfer to the Naval Reserve has been as follows “No citizen of the insular posses- sions of the United States who shall be permitted to serve in the Regular Navy for a period of 16 or 20 years <hall be denl the right to transfer ty the flezt Naval Reserve under the provisions of existing law on the gromnd that he is not a citizen of the Unitsd States.” Ths Bureau of Navigation has re- cefved & letter from a Naval Reserve davision ccrmander stating that prog- ress test pamphlets have been used every drill night with the instruction of a boatswain's mate. first class, and a coxswain of the division. These men, it was added, have been greatly inter- ested in the results attained, and. on certdin occasions when time was suffi- cient only for the regularly assigned they reported one hour in ad- | drill, vance of drill to take the progress test. The other men of the division have become interested and have requested that they be permitied to take progress tests and complete the Navy training course for their ratings ‘The commanding officer further ted that the progress tests afford | Students of the Naval Reserve Offi- | cers’ Training Corps, composed of col- |lege men, have recently returned from their practice cruise. The naval R. {©. T. C.students of the Universities of California snd Washingten cruised aboard the United States battleship Oklahoma from San Francisco and Seattle to Hawali and return. Ore hundred and ninety-two students of 2ll classes engaged in this cruise, dur- ing which they were instructed in and performed the manifold duties re- quired of officers serving in a naval vessel. Seamanship, navigation, engi- neering and were a pert of gunnery Pay. | the subjects in which the young men were instructed. Target practice was fired by the students in the vicinity of Hawali, guns of all batterles being used. On_the East Coast the Naval R. O. T. C. students of the junior class cruised n the destroyers Evans, Fair- fax, Philip 2and Tillman from the Deja- ware Breakwater to Bermuda and re- turn. The students were instructod in all phaces of the duties of a_destrover cfficer, handling the vessels during maneuvers and firing a special terc practice, during which they performcl the duties of & gun crew. On thé Lc: muds cruise were 19 students. ‘The drill competition for the volun- teer Communication e wan | originally to be based upon drill ate tendance, the winmer to be prescnted with & cup offered by the chief of naval operations. However, upon com- pletion of the competition year £ districts were tied for first place with a_ perfect score for drill attendance The boird them examined the records for each district with reference to the following : Individual station at~ tendance, procedure, punctuality, oper- ating. emergency preparedness. smart ness in operation. judgment, accuracy of transmitter frequencles, each of them being considered as a scparate factor. Resulting standings, combined wi the standing for drill attendance, wi as follows: Ninth district, 92.50, thire district. 9190: fourth district. 91.73( seventh district, 91.65; twelfth dis- trict, 9145, fifth district, 86.65; eleventh district, 86.50; first district, 85.60; eighth district, 82.83; sixth dis- trict, 79.10. — According to the latest census | the number of Gaelic speakers infim land “i8 137,149, of whom 7.069 lm: Gaelic only, and 130,080 speak Gaelic and lish, a decline from the 1921 census 2,760 speaking Gaelio only and of 18,870 speaking Gmelic and English. Fight out of 10 good paniers wse 014 Duteh Boy Wii'e Lead. one of 1he mian ingredients NURCO," Good Materials Make «Murco” Good Oniy the b&;t ingredients obtainable are good enough for “MURCO,” because only the best PAINT is g it takes good enough for wise buyers, and terials to make good paint. “Murco” is made\\to last long and look well. Its purchase is an hVESTMENT EJMu G INCORPO 710 12th St. N\W. NAtional 2477\ JORDAN’S NEW RENTAL P CENTS A DAY RENTS A MAJESTIC “¢». REFRIGERATOR BRAND-NEW — JUST THINK — BRAND-NEW Now you can enjoy Electrical Refrigeration for the same amount daily as your ice bill. i 1f Electrical Refrigeration Many people have hesitated i n the purchase of Electric Refrigeration thinking that the purchase could be made at some lat Now the old ice hox 1 er date and that is the chance to actually ve would do for awhile longer. the pleasure and the enjoy- ment of sanitary refrigeration at an expense no more than the daily ice bill. Our new plan will give home and apartment owners and renters this new and practical way of preserving their food Come in and ask about this NEW RENTAL PLAN, You will be more than delighted. Just think—only 15¢ a day! We believe that this is the first time this plan has been offered in Washington. ba For many vears we have rented For FOUR DOLLARS we piaros on a month-to-month rent an UPRIGHT PIANO and for TEN DOLLARS we rent.a GRAND PIANO. Just why should we not apply a rental plan to the Refrigerator Depart- me they are received. o Was Properly Understoed, Everybody Would Have One. Call National 3223 for rental agent to call—or, come in for information. better still, 1239 nt? Do not delay if Rental orders will be filled only in the manner in which you are interested in having the enjoyment of an Electric Refrigerator without the obligation to purchase. HUR JORDAN ANO COM™ '-":m(')‘rorl:)i!-L '