Evening Star Newspaper, July 20, 1931, Page 8

THE EVENING With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. G MONDAY.........July 20, 1831 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: d_Pennsylvanis Ave 10 ast 42nd B .. Lon t. ok York Of i1eago Office: Lake Michiy ropean Office: 14 Regent England. 8c per month 60c per month 5¢ per month unday Siar s per copy Collection made st the end of each month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone | NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunds: Daily only Bunday only . All Other States and Canada. gfly ::l‘! SBunday...1yr, l::.ggt } mfl-- ll.xz Hinday”only 80 1Mo doc 35.00; 1 mo., Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled o the vse for republication of all news dis- Patches credited 1o it or not otherwise cre Tted in this paper and also the local ne published herein. All rizhts of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. padd Greater Washington. The value of the Census Bureau's count of the population of Greater ‘Washington, or the metropolitan area, lies in the official nature of the figures. There have been several estimates, based on the population of Washington and of the adjacent counties, which ap- proximate the Census Bureau's 621,059, the difference between the estimates and the official figure being accounted for chiefly by the Census Bureau's care | to take into account only those living within ‘the exact boundaries of the so- called metropolitan area. The differ- ence between the estimates and the final figures is remly negligible. ‘The final figures bear out former statements as to the rapid growth of Washington's contiguous suburbs and the general trend of the population away from the city, lending emphasis again to the picture of the District as the center of a growing city, past the half-million mark in population, but divided into & number of separate po- litical jurisdictions, each having i*s own government and existing as an independent unit. If the eighteen per cent growth in the area during the last ten years continues for another decade, which in all probability, will be the case, many of the problems in con- nection with the planning and the gov- ernment of this large city—the City of Greater Washington—will become more complet. Greater Washington will be unique among the citles of the United Btates. Two States, the Federal Government and the Federal Government's agent, the District government, will have their fingers in the ple. Two counties in Maryland and two counties in Virginia, in turn divided into townships and | sections and districts, must play their part in the development of the great clty of which they are a part. Co-ordi- nation in planning for this future growth must be closely knit. More thought, and continued thought, must be given to better police protection, better fire protection, better water sup- | ply and the disposal of sewage. The | District government, controlling the center of this greater city, but with Jurisdietion sharply defined by the Con- stitution itself, will find its burdens in- creased manifold. It must make provi- sions for handling the ebb and flow of the shopping end office crowds that live & part of the day within the geographi- cal limits of the District, another part of the day beyond those limits. It must plan shead for such contingencies as | that which is illustrated in the case of the rallway line transporting Alexan- drians and other suburbanites to Wash- ! ington, but now without a place to land them because of the Federal Govern- ment's own utilization of rapidly | dwindling space within the city proper. | The Federal Government, in turn, must give serious thought to the new problem that presents itself with the the trend, suburbanward, of taxpayers whose allegiance and tribute are pad to the States, the increased withdrawals of taxable land within the District for tax-free governmental use, and the in- ability of Washington to extend its boundaries, as other large cities extend | theirs, to embrace the widening circle : of suburban population. ! There are probably more expert plan- | ners assembled in Washington, with broader powers and more adequately financed, than in any other city of the world. The last decade has witnessed & new realization of the importance cf | looking ahead, to anticipate future needs , and future problems. Much has been | accomplished. The next decade should | see the foundations securely latd for the large, populous city now building. —— | | Germany may claim to speak with experience, having had every national | experience passible, including that of a financial panic. i PO S Air Freight Lines. Development of aviation in America is proceeding space. Intercity daily, even hourly, passenger service has been for some time in operation, with such de- pendable and rapid schedules that the number of passengers carried is steadily increasing. Additional lines are being | established as the prospect of profitable operations is made bright by the ex- verlence of ploneers in the field. Rail- roads, somewhat affected in thelr pas- | senger returns by the compstition of the ! air lines, are themselves taking a hand in airplane operation, as in New Eng- land, where the Boston & Malne, in co-operation with the Maine Central, has undertaken the formation of an airplane operating company to main- tain passenger services bctween Boston | and Bangor, with stops at intermediate | points. Three planes will daily be, flown each way, the time between Boston and Portland being cut to fifty- five minutes. A Washington-Chicago service has' just been established which wfil run | on a schedule of three hours and fifty minutes between the two citles, with two ten-minutes stops, making a flying time of three hours and thirty minutes. This extraordinary advance in speedy service is certain to draw a considerable patronage. Of especial interest is an announce- ment that within a month a strictly freight air service will be established b2ween New York and Kangas City. ‘tils will be in connection §ith the ' STAR luMy operating New York-Los Angeles | of brass tacks. The “political appease- passenger and express service. FPlanes are now being transformed for this work. It is ed to make the flight of 1,100 miles in eleven hours or less. At first no exact schedule will be main- tained, the planes being held at terminals and intermediate stopping points for the accommodation of ship- pers, until the service is established. It is believed that the slowness with which the air express has developed in this country has been due to the rigidity | of the schedules, which have been; necessitated by reason of the fact that ! the planes are primarily mail carrfers, | which must make time. The present plan is to charge an average tariff of a cent a pound for each hundred miles. This is an experimental tariff, for nof ing is known yet as to the ultimate capacity of the planes and the measure of patronage which will be accorded them. Nor {8 any rule yet announced regarding the size of packages that may | be carried. Henry Ford's privately operated air freight line, maintained as a feature of his inter-plant system, has proved its worth to its owner. The public use of the plane for goods carriage remains to be demonstrated. 1t is not beyond reason to expect that within a decade, perhaps half of that time, air freights will be regularly and profitably established, a fixed feature of the transportation system cf this country. } | — e The Beginning of the End. When Secretary Stimscn, on arrival in London from Paris last night, was asked how long he thought the seven- power conference on European economic rehabilitation might last, he observed that the English always try to have things out of the way by the time grouse shooting sets in. That is August 12. Then Col. Stimson corrected himself. “Perhaps,” he supplemented, “I ought to say we'll be here as long as the French can stand English cooking. That is a wholly indeterminate sent- ence. One is entitled to read between the lines of the Secretary of State’s evasive wisecracking that nobody can possibly prognosticate the duration of the mo- mentous conversations now setting in on the Thames. This is another of those Romes that cannot be built in a day. Patience is the supreme need of the hour—patience among the states- men who will sit around the conference table and patience on the part of the peoples of Europe and America, Who are hanging so anxiously and hopefully on their decisions. If international conciliation were ever on trial, it faces such a test in this supreme endeavor to put the European economic house in order. At least so much can be said—an excellent begin- ning was made at Paris yesterday. If the spirit that animated the French | ing. | extreme, what may be expected of the and German ministers during thelr Sunday meetings pervades deliberations at London, it should mark the begin- ning of the end of the travail which has hung over the Old Weorld since Ver- sallles. Seven nations are pooling their wisdom and their interests in London— Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Japan and the United States. The immediate objective of their dis- cussions is the rescue of Germany from financial collapse. The extensive new credits necessary to that end will come malinly, if not exclusively, from France, Great Britain and the United States. The British and the Americans are ready. under purely financial safeguards, to take part in the operation. The French demand, in addition, political guar- antees. It was hoped that Messrs. Laval, Briand, Bruening and Curtius would arrive at an understanding on this cardinal point before the London con- ference. They did not do so. The communique upon which the Prench and Germans agreed, on the eve of their departure for England, breathes platitudnous pleasantries, but is devold ment,” which both governments pledge themselves to achleve in a sincere realization that their mutual good would be served by it, remains yet to be evolved. But the fact that the French, after meeting the Germans, are ready to face the issues at London is an omen of premise. America's representatives, Secretaries Stimson and Mellon, will sit at the! conference tables as equals among equals. It is sald at Washington that they are unencumbered by “Instruc: tions.” It may be assumed, despite this polite fiction, that Messrs. Stimson and Mellon are clothed with one mandate which may prove to be the sword that unties the Gordian knot. It is the earnest will of the Government and people of this country that no ounce of American influence be left unspent to reconclle clashing views. To that extent and end nobody in the United States will object to its spokesmen “entangling” it in Europe's mesh and mess. 1 P Short and ugly words are attributed to Mussolini in his interchanges with the Vatican. Defying the Pope of Rome has been attempted on several historic occasions. It has never proved to be a very easy underiaking. il i i The Treaty and the Navy. ‘The Ecnate of the United States just a year ago ratified the London naval treaty, fixing the limitation of naval strength of America, Great Britain and Japan in all categories of vessels not covered in the Washington treaty of 1922, Under the terms of this treaty; the United States is authorized to con-; struct new cruisers, submarines and | destroyers, to bring the American Navy up to its allotted tonnage. What has been done? The Congress which closed its doors March 4 last appropriated money to begin the construction of eleven destroyers which had been au- thorized by Congress a number of years earlier, but for which the money had not been forthcoming. In the matter of cruisers, Congress already had au- thorized the construction of the 10,000~ ton 8-inch gun cruisers allotted to this | country. There is need, however, of new sub- marines and aircraft carriers and of new 6-inch gun cruisers to bring the American Navy up to the treaty strength. -The Navy Department ad- vanced a modest program at the last session of Congress, calling for the authorization of one new aircraft car- rier, three submarines and two 10,000~ ton 6-inch cruisers. But the program ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Tgot nawhere. The greatest concession to naval building which the Congress would make was the appropriation for the eleven new destroyers. The new destroyers are essential, to be sure, for this country, which constructed a large humber of destroyers at the time of the World War, has laid down none since. The destroyers are becoming obsolete, and the worst of it appears to be that many of them will become antiquated at the same time. It was a foregone conclusion that a big effort would be made to pro- vent the United States bullding its Navy up to full treaty strength. Con- ditions in the' country and in the Treasury played into the hands of the “little Navy” group in Congress and out. The administration necessarlly was made more cautious in demanding new naval construction by the fact that a large deficit in the Treasury was loom- ‘The deficit is now here. This does ot give much hope to the friends of the Navy who believe that steps should be taken without further delay to bring about a better balanced and more adequate Navy for the national defense. If the last Congress declined to go ahead with the Navy Department's program, which appeared modest in the new Congress when it meets next De- cember? The other naval powers, including France and Italy, which did not become full signatories to the London treaty, have, on the other hand, gone ahead with naval construction. They have been doing so ever since the Washington naval treaty was ratified back in 1922, although this country has remained almost at & standstill. The willingness of the European nations to continue naval bullding, although they have been hard pressed economically and finan- clally, is one of the reasons that many Americans are averse now to further curtailing or canceling the war debts of these countries to America. Why, the American people argue, should this country remit debts to Europe if the money 1s to be used in building up big armaments? There does not se:m to be the slightest chance that there will be debt cancellation unless the United States is given definite assurance that arnmment expenditures in the debtor nations are to be materially curtailed. In the meantime, however, it b:hooves the American Congress to look carefully into the position in which its refusal to | construct new naval vessels leaves this country, when it comes to the vital question of national defense. It is the duty of the administration to use its influence with the Congress to bring about a proper naval program. This country learned that it could not create an army “overnight” in 1917. It is| much more difficult to bulld a Navy in any such period of time. —r——————— Money matters throughout the world are causing the “Helen Maria” line of observation for which the author of the Dawes plan became celebratsd to be repeated in various languages. ——rat—— European politics is re-discovering & very old fact; it is not easy to close & financlal incident imerely by closing & bank. P Even in social and financial misfor- tune it is agaln demonstrated that the German genjus is always thorough. et ‘World affairs offer at least the conso- lation of a condition which no war could possibly ameliorate. " SHOOTING STARS BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Personal Critle. Oh, pass along the battle ax, Bring forth the dynamite And load the shotgun full of tacks, And leave it here in sight. That cheery dunce is drawing near Who dearly loves to shout So that the neighborhood may hel “My boy, you're getting stout!” To show him mercy is not wise. *Twere well to end him here. E'en if you turn to exercise And face starvation drear, He'll look you o'er and leave you glum And say, with flendish grin: “Go to a sanatorium, My boy, you're getting thin!" Hope of a Leader. “Have you secured harmony in your party organization?” “Not exactly,” replied Senator Sorghum. ‘But I think ve have found a man whose voice is big enough to drown t,he, discord.” No Encouragement. “Perhaps 1.y paintings will sell for thousands of dollars after I am dead,” said the artist. “Yes,” replied the picture dealer; “but you look fearfully healthy.” Healthful Exercise. Men stick to their golf in exuberant mood, Rude comment can never alloy it. Though chopping the wood Would do just as much good, They really wouldn't enjoy it. The Amazon of the Kitchen. “Does your husband find fault with the cooking?” asked the patient-looking woman. “No,” replied Mrs, Crosslots. “He did | can read swifter or t> better purpose. 50 just once—and the cook happened to overhear him.” Getting Signatures. “How did Bliggins get all those signa- tures to his petition?” “The unscrupulous villain purloined his daughter's autograph album.” Overzealousness. ©Oh, Jonah went a-fishin’ and Dat whale were mighty strong. He couldn’t bring dat fish to land, So Jonah went along. And after he had done his best To make de prize his own, He sho’ were glad to git a rest An’ leave dat fish alone. You notice de example, son, Of Mistoh Jonah wise. ‘We's all been tempted—every one— To reach beyond our size. ‘We looks foh soxethin’ big to do, An' if we don't go slow ‘We feels befo’ de game is through Des’ thankful to let go! “Doan git too many irons in de flah,” said Uncle Eben. “Onless yoh han’le em mighty kyahful, one of ‘em’ gwinter bu'n yoh, sho',” THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. One of the main divisions of human- ity is into slow and fast motioned peo- ‘This is one of the most serviceable classi person un‘{ make for his own use. Just what good the list will do him, after he gets it finished, will depend en- tirely on himself. The mere making, however, will be a great deal of fun. All you have to do is take a sheet of aper, and lump every one you know off into the right-hand side or the left- hand side, labeled “Fast” and “Slow,” respectively, JDnderstand that these divisions have nothing at all to do with mental or moral characteristics. i What you are interested in hnpl:ll; sical motion. If you are able to any deductions therefrom, that is solely a matter between you and your Maker. 1t is interesting to know whether one has to deal with a fast-motioned hu- man being, or with a slow-motioned one. Those who have never stopped to think about this difference will be amazed, in all likelthood, by the neat- ness With which every one they know fits into one or the other of these class- ifications. Consider yonder slender young lady, who walks with all the vim and vigor of a fire engine. To look at her no one would think she ssed so much “pep,” as it is gene: called. She belongs to the fast-motioned category. Every movement is the same. Everything she does is done in a breath- less manner, as if there were not quite | enough time in which to complete it. She goes rushing along halls and cor- ridors and down the street as if the old devil himself were after her, but no one who knows her will be at all fooled by_her haste. It is simply her way. It will never do to conclude that she is on an important mission, for in all probability it is no more than a per- sonal visit to a drug store soda foun- tain to secure a cooling drink. ‘The unwary might think that if she | would k more slowly, and take her time about it, she would not be so warm in the first place, and would e at her destination in an un- heated frame of mind. There he would be fooled badly. She is as ccol as an icicle. The proverbial cucumber has nothin on her, as the phrase is, when it come! to temperamental and temperatural coolness. She is made that way. *ox %o Consider, if you will, this placid fel- low, who never hurries, and probably would not hasten his footsteps in the slightest if the building threatened to | fall upon him. | His mctions have the placidity of a cow chewing cud. Obscure mental habits, probably in the depth of his subconscious mind, maybe are respon- sible for his ordered and calm move- ments, Yet it is impossible to say that the mind has much to do with it, because his mental habits show a great amount | of celerity. Few persons there are who Most of his friends who loan him books disbelieve that he has ever read them, he returns them so quickly, with- out a page rumpled or dog-eared. His habits account for that. As slow going as_he is, physically, he is a speeder when it comes to reading words on_the printed page. 1If you take occasion to ask about this, ke will assert that there is little if any relation between mental and physical habits, anc none at all between the fact | opposites give each other. that one is slow-motioned, physically :‘ufl,eonmuuly quick-motioned men- *x ok ox Here is another character sf upon our stage. g He is keen visaged, lithe, quick in every motion. He steps rapidly, darts glances here and there, has piercing eyes and ‘a sharp tongue, but none who knows him would give him credit for any superior intelligence as a result of fl’l,!xl?:( hnblu,h y are physical habits, and scarcel, carry over into the mentality. Perhlp{ they never do. Some of the sharpest and m‘:nrnetrlun[ of writers have been round-faced, easy-going, chubby indjviduals, who looked for all the world like successful butchers in retirement. ice of recent years has given over the attempt to hitch up facial charac- teristics with traits of character. Per- haps it would be better to say that science never attempted to make this comparison, but in recent years has positively spoken against it. “All the world loves a fat man.” So went the old saying, but there was much hokum in it. Fatness alone never made anybody good natured. On the other hand, who would say that there are as many tender-hearted persons in the ranks of leanness ss among the chubby people of the world? Instantly one says as much, there pops into view the face and figure of some long, attenuated, gangly man or woman who was or is the embodiment of gentleness. % ox % This much can b= sald, that fast- motioned people worry and perplex the slow-motioned ones, and that slow-mo- itoned ones harass those of quicker foot falls. And at the same time the members of each class find something to envy in the other. ‘Those who are restless and forever dashing about from pillar to post al- most invariably, even if secretly, mire the man or woman who knows how to “relax,” as they say. Perhaps the other is not relaxing any more than they are, but if he man- ages to give that impression he se- cures a coveted tribute, or maybe the other is honest enough to admit his admiration. Sometimes the slow-motioned per- son will wish that he, too, could be among the restless ones of earth, those who put up a fine showing of doing things, although, curiously enough, often they seem to accomplish less than others, even. This is the eternal admiration which It is the sitive and negative electricity of fe. On its play and interplay depends | so much of the interest of living that no one can afford not to make at least an elementary study of its often ex- citing phenomena. It will not do to think that some human beings are one way and some another, and nothing can be done about it. s If nothing much can be done about it. at least a great deal of interesting contemplation can result from a cheer- ful occupation which will harm no one. Every one studies his friends | and acquaintances, whether he realizes it or not, and he might as well realize | it and make the most of an innocent recreation. Increased tolerance for others attends the study, and heaven knows that what the world of men needs, one to another, above everything else, is folerance of the right sort, not the toleration which overlooks but which forgives. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Not in a long time has there been & | series of Army promotions that attracted the attention arcused by the recent of 11 new general officers. | * Jet the uninitiated know, is| ang for jumps in rank which are not routine rises originating in | senfority. The phrase dates from West Point. The six officers raised from brigadiers to major generals—Edward | L. King, Hugh A. Drum, Stuart Heintzel- | Campbell King, John F. Preston and Benjamin D. Foulois—are all dis- | tinguished by their comparative The average age of the four new line | major generals is slightly lower than| that of the four new line brigadier gen- | erals. The War Department thus de- | parted conspicuously from sheer’ con- siderations of seniority. The major | generals selected stood as follows on the present brigadiers’ list: Edward L.| King, second; Drum, fifth; Heintzelman, | sixth, and CAmpbell King, eighth. Gen. | Preston is now at the top of the colonels’ | and Gen. Foulols, who becomes of the Air Corps, is fifth on the relative list of Air CO\;E:’ lleutenant colonels and 134th on promotion | list. | * ok x % Gen. Pershing is sure to rejolce at. the “makes” of major generals. With- | out exception, all six of them had out- | standing records in the A. E. F. Nearly | every one was & divisional chief of staff in Prance. Pershing devotes much! space to their individual achievements in his two-volums work on the World Wer, especially to Gen. Foulois, the Army’s pioneer flyer. With the new major generals in key positions, the military _establishment soon will be directed by the younger Army element, which has the invaluable background of active service “over there.” Their promotions synchronize with the arrival of Gen. Douglas MacArthur as chief of staff, and, in a way, personify the con- ception of America’s military policy, which -that brilllant soldler typifies. Forthcoming shifts in the Army. as the result of current changes, will bring back to the Atlantic seaboard as com- mander of the blue-ribbon 2d Corps Area at Governors Island, N. Y., M Gen. Dennis E. Nolan, Pershing's chi: of intelligence in France. * X ok x When Walter Evans Edge of New Jer- sey betook umto himself in 1922 his present wife, the accomplished Camilla Sewall of Bath Me, it was whispered that one of his gifts to the bride was a promise “some day to make her First Lady of the Land.” Edge was in the Senate then, where most men, when they gaze into a mirror, see a future President of the United States. Be all this as it may, Ambassador Edge's fruit- ful displomacy at Paris during the debt negotiations has put him in the run- ning at least for vice presidential honors. If the Hoover race in 1932 is to be made on international achievements, Edge, besidzs giving an Eastern balance to the ticket, would be a not inappro- priate tallender. The Democrats would prefer Edge to Morrow, if the place is to to & Jerseyman. Lindbergh's father-in-law, the opposition admits; would almost certainly carry the Mos- quito State into the G. O. P. column and immensely “take the curse off Hoo- ver” in neighboring New York. * k% % Monte M. Lemann of Loulsiana, one the Democratic minority on the ‘Wickersham Commission, wound up his career in that brainy but bl body as its most consistent objector. Pirst, . Lemann (whose name is pro- nounced Lemon, though he's far gvm one) declined to sign the commission's two-faced report on prohibition. Now, the New Orleans lawyer refuses to put h's name to the report just submitted to President Hoover on methods of criminal proce roll, chis report research to back up the conclusions o “without.{actoal inuiry serve o ac serve no useful .” That's an worthy of Grover Cleveland. 3 Lemeann is & native Louisianian, 47 years old, a Harvard law graduate, Phi B:tta Kappa, and, in off hours | Exposition in Paris. | ported, this: teacl law at his alma mater, Tulane University. *oxox In both the War and Navy Depart- men's they're snickering over some racy facts and figures just brought to light about the recent tour of Governor Gen- eral Dwight F. Davis through the Far East. Aboard U. 8. S. Pittsburgh, and accompanied by his son, daughte: private secretary, military and naval aides, and two members of the Filipino cabinet, Gov. Davis paid a cere- youth. | monial round of respects to all the| caliphs, sultans, gaekwars, emirs and rajahs between Manila and Singapore. Throughout official Washinton all re- sponsibility for the *$200,000 tour” is vociferously disclaimed. The Navy ad- mits offering to furnish the Pittsburgh, but the whole junket seems to have been the private brain-wave of Mr. Davis, Certain eyebrows are raised over the circumstance that in the midst of the Hoover economy drive, especially in the Navy, the decrepit Pittsburgh, which is due for the junk heap, should have been assigned for so costly a far:well service. A special titter is audible over the coincidence of Davis' resignation as governor general of the Philippines shortly after his picturesque peregrina- tions among the enchanted islands of the mystic East. PR One of Washington's big stores has made known that it would like to ac- uife the entire furnishings of the ‘Maison de George Washington.” the artistic reproduction of Mount Vernon this Surmer’s International Colonial The equipment of ‘the American building is a replica, down to the smallest detail, of the interior of the Nation's shrine on the Poto- mac. Commissioner General C. Bascom Slemp, now in Washington on leave from his Paris duties, is looking into the local merchant's proposition. * ok x x Politicians in both camps are now beginning to hear from the country on the political effects of President Hoo- ver's plans to bring about world econ- omic recovery. The situation, as re- can be summed up about like “0, K. on world economic re- but when is Hoover going to do something about economic recovery here at home ‘The emotions thus re- flected will be intensified, it appears, it the administration doesn’t grapple “ef- fectively with the wheat situation. Men who claim to quots Curtis, Capper, Watson and other foes of Farm Board wheat policy say these distinguished Republican gents freely admit that the farmers are all set to join business men in slaying the G. O. P. in 1932—always rovided, of course, that depression Eun'z evaporated in the meantime. (Copyright, 1931.) O Peace Garden Urged For U. S. and Canada From the Buffalo Evening News. i oposal for a peace garden along th’fhl;a;dlry be!vlefi'?e the United States and Canada to commemorate and uate the friendship of the two jons grows in favor. Several localities ve offered sites for the development of this happy idea. “The pnpc;;y'“dm will be an example to the nations of the world,” said Henry J. Moore of Toronto, who originated the idea and who recently made an gddress here, “that there 1s a better way of settling international difficulties covery, B e T T bet the Un! an gnl’!‘lr been unthinkable, but the two nations, through the medium of the len internal through pledge which might therein, make war impossible An_endowment of $5,000, ralsed ar sul h sought ‘!’zr the international garde The purpose is so much to be com- mended that little difficulty skould be &_I;eountered in raising e probability is that the enterprise will be so Tengin of 4 len o vma' visible sign ©f peace and good will, is 000, to be iptions, enlarged that JULY 20, 1931. | | | i ! i ens will bloom the whole ' chairman of the National ‘boundary as an outward has indicated that he will hold on to | a | The ‘Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. In 1028, before the Republican and Democratic National Conventions were held, Senator Borah of Idaho insti- tuted the campaign questionnaire. He sent to all the Republican -candidates for the presidential nomination a eeries of questions to determine just where they stood on the eighteenth amend- ment, It was in reply to this ques- tionnaire that President Hoover coined his now famous reference to the con- stitutional amendment, declaring it an “experiment noble in purpose and far- reaching in effect.” Incidentally, the strongest opponent of Mr. Hoover for the nomination, former Gov. Prank O. Lowden of Illinois, ignored the Borah questionnaire completely, which _did not ald him at all with the Idaho Sen- ator when the Republicans gathered in Kansas City to pick the nominee. : * ok % * It looks now as though & mnew wrinkle might be found in the pre- convention campaigns of 1932. Gov. Frank D. Roosevelt of New Yorl widely discussed as the probable nom! nee of the Democratic party, has had one question fired at him. It had noth- ing to do with his position on rl'o- hibition, waterpower, the moratorium, the tariff or farm relief. It was much more personal. It asked whether he were physically fit to be President. Having suffered an attack of infantile paralysis in 1921, and being unable to walk without the aid of braces and crutches, it was quite evident that such a question would be raised during the preconvention campaign, and if Roose- velt were the Democratic choice for President, in the general election cam- paign later. So Gov. Roosevelt sub- mitted himself to an examination made by three physicians, selected by the head of the New York Academy of Medicine. They have given him a clean bill of health, But despite this health _certificate, the discussion of Gov. Roosevelt's physical ability to carry on a national cam and to hold down the arduous job of President is likely to go on. ok ow % If that is the case, what is there to prevent supporters of Gov. Roosevelt from calling upon the other Democratic candidates for the presidential nomi- nation to submit also to physical cx- aminations? They might ask Newton D. Baker of Ohlo, for example, and Gov. Albert C. Ritchie, and Senator “Joe” Robinson of Arkansas, and the half dozen others to go before an ex- amining board of physicians. And if Roosevelt is the party nominee and the Republicans start a whispering cam- paign against him on account of his health, they might go further and de- mand that the Republican didate also be given the omce over by a group of physiclans. Liberty, in its last issue, broke the news of the Roosevelt examination by three physicians. It did not, however, give the full text of the report made by the physicians, but merely their con- clusions. The text was made public in Albany on Saturdsy by the Governor. It says: “We have today (April 20) examined Franklin D. Roosevelt. We find that his organs and functions are sound in all respects. There is no anemia. The chest is exceptionally well developed and the spinal column is absolutely normal; all its segments are in perfect alignment and free from disease. He has neither pain nor ache at any time. “Ten years ago, Gov. Roosevelt suf- fered an attack of acute infantile paralysis, the entire effect of which was expended on the muscles of his lower extremities. There has been progressive recovery of power in the legs since that date; this restoration continues and will | continue. “We believe his powers of endurance are such as to allow him to meet all | the demands of private or public life.” | * x * * { James A. Farley, chairman of the! Democrztic State Committee of New York and Rosevelt's campaign manager in 1930 in the gubernatorial campaign, is just back home from a tour of the West, in which he talked to leading Democrats in that section of the coun- try regarding the coming campaign. He | brings back the word that the Western Democrats look with more favor on | Roosevelt than they do on any of the other Democratic presidential pos- sibilities. Like other observers, he adds that the man most talked of in the ‘West in connection with the Democratic nominaticn, after Roosevelt, is Newton D. Baker of Ohio. Mr. Farley's trip, beyond a doubt, was in the interest of the Roosevelt candidacy. Furthermore it gave Mr. Farley an excellent oppor- tunity to make personal connections with the Democratic leaders in the West in the light of the coming campaign. | He might yet be called upon to direct | the national campaign, if Roosevelt be the nominee of the Democratic National Convention next year. B The South and the West are in pretty | much the sam= boat when it comes to | supporting candidates for the Demo- cratic presicential nomination in 1932. Neither the South nor the West, pal ticularly the Middle West, is anxious to see Al Smith nominated again. Yet they are fearful that if the convention were tled up any length of time, there might be a swing back to Smith again. They belleve, therefore, that if they swing to Roosevelt early in the conven- tion that danger will be out. They are convinced that in the end the party must take an opponent of the eighteenth amendment, and of all the opponents of the dry laws they seem to prefer Mr. Roosevelt. They believe that in order to carry the big Eastern industrial States, a wet Democratic candidate must be put forward and for that res son they are going to “make the sacri fice.” Not all of them, to be sure, but the great bulk. There will be a lot of talk of Southern favorite son candidates, but it will not be serious. * ok ok The Roosevelt camp has been greatly encouraged by a prediction made by former Democratic National Committee- man Joseph F. Guffey of Pennsylvania that the Keystone State would sepd an almost solid delegation to the national convention supporting Roosevelt for the nomination. He insisted that 66 out of the 72 delegates from the State would be first, last and all the time for the New York Governor. If this happens, it looks impossible to stop the Roose: velt nomination. * K K K Kentucky Is one of those States which elects its governors in “off years,” yea in which there is no presidential ca paign. It holds an election this Nove ber and the Republicans are groomi Mayor William B. Harrison of Louls ville, & Republican stronghold in State, as their candidate. His Demo- cratic ozponen'. is likely to be Judge Rubby Laffoon of Madisonville. Republicans have been aided in the past in gubernatorial elections by splits in the Democratic ranks over racing and other issues. But the Democrats this yeare are declared to be united and the contest between Mayor Harri- son and Judge Laffoon will be a hot one. The Democrats are counting on neral dissatisfaction with conditions | to help them pull off a victory. ® x % ! friend of President A nal n National Committee, sus teran’ William H. Crocke: 80 3 ticlans all over I lonal he country. The n_ Na ‘Committee will be called to meet here, bably in this amount. | December or January, to pick a city in cnce started, | which the National Convention is to be held. Senator Fess of Ohio, the present ' itiee, that office until the National Convene tion has been held and the nomination ‘The declin This great service is maintained by The Evening Star for the benefit of its ‘who may use it day with- out cost to themselves. All t do is ask for any information desired and they will receive prompt answers by mail. s must be clearly written and stated as briefly as possible. Inclose 2-eent . How many people will the stadium | L. A 5he Olymple Badiurs will ¥ e Olym) um e » seating up-cg; of 4,000, '"hnmvldm‘ ing room for several thousand more. Q. Is it true that at some period in the dlmnmn there were animals in hilly countries which had legs on one side longer than on the other?—J. W. A Blological SBurvey says that there never has n an animal having shert 1 on one side and long ones on the other. Q. Who designed the original Old Ironsides?—M. W. A. Old Ironsides was designed by Joshus Humphreys of Philadelphia. Her keel was Iaid at Hartt’s ship yard, in Boston, in 1794. Q. Who first announced the theory that the earth is round.—J. E. A. A. The doctrine of the spherical form of the earth Las been erroneously assigned to Thales, but he accepted the older conception that the earth was a disk. The discovery that the earth s round was undoubtely made by Pytha- theery was accepted and Aristole, whose guments are substantially those which we em- ploy today. Q. How many books has Helen Kel- ler written?—T. H. A. This remarkable woman who has neither sight nor hearing has written seven books, besides making many speeches, giving lectures, and writing articles. Q. What is the word for the twining of vines to the right as they climb?— RATIT, A. The twining of vines is called nutation—if to the right, dextro-nuta- tion, if to the left, levo-nutation. Q. How large is the bald eagle, the Nation's symbol?—G. §. A. It is about 3!, feet long with a wing spread exceeding seven feet. The head, neck and tail of adult birds are pure white. From ancient times the eagle has been universally regarded as a symbol of might and courage. Q. How Jarge is the organ in the Convention Hall at Atlantic City?— . T. M. A. It will probably outrank all similar instruments in the world. It will have 31,428 pipes and 952 speaking stops, including some unifications and duplexing. It will require 425 horse- power for the operation of its bellows and mechanism. Q. How does the amount of imported hardwoods used in furniture compare with the amount of American hard- woods 8o used?—H. K. A. In 1928, only a little over 3 per cent of the wood used was imported. In that year. 1356,600,000 board feet ot American hardwoods were used: 48.- 200,000 board feet of imported hard- wood; and 129,200,000 board feet of American softwoods. Q. What sort of business is trans- goras. H taught by acted in the cash room of sw:m“'rrnu sury?—T. i L a cashier’s office, where Treasury cashes the various 'lmgn drawn upon it and presented for pay- B millions. room is the show of the Treasury and is reputed J:Mh': one of the costliest in the world. Q. What was Grant's*official rank when he was put in command of all the Fed;rll forces in the Civil War?—K. "A. Lieutenant general. Q. What artist was it who sald “I into the bargain?”—G. H. A. The saying is attributed to Claude Lorraine, the Prench landscape painter. hs' th‘:dv;’u éobe Clayton anti-trust enac y Congress?—F. D. 8. A. October 15, 1914. s Q. Is the banker, sull lving?Ar W R, RS 13?3' Henry Clews died January 31, Q. Please give some facts about Seth Thomas clocks.—E. E. C. A. Seth Thomas was born at Wol- cott, Conn, in 1785. He received a meager education and was spprenticed to a carpenter and jolner in New Haven, He learned clockmaking from EY Terry, whose business he acquired in 1810, In 1813 Thomas purchased a factory in the western part of Plymouth, Mass which was known as the “thriving vil- | Iage of Thomaston.” His elocks, manu- ‘flctured between 1813 and 1835, were | largely shelf clocks, & few small mantel | clocks and regulators. Thomas died in |1859. In 1872 the com| | make tower clocks. T Q. Please name some imj = | man inventions —G. D. G | A Leyden jar—Vcn Kieist; - gine, Otto cycle—Otto: Diesel gl.m";- ;!or—Dieul. Zeppelin airship—Zeppelin, Q. What kind of a tre n:fl%‘ kind ec is a carae { . It is an ornamental Asiatic trea th delicate, pale follage and yellow vernal flowers. The caragana is easy | to grow, drought resisting and very dif= ficult to kill once properly established. In 10 years the "M“:;f" properly 1 grow into | | wi planted and cultivated, an ornamental hedge 12 feet high and 10 feet wide, and eventually to 10! 18 or 20 feet. i | Q. Where are the Straits Settle- {ments?>—D. H. A. The whole of the Malay Penin- |sula, from the southern boundary ef |Siam to the Strait of Singapore, is |known as the Straits Settlements. It ‘includes Singapore, Penang, Malacoa, Labuan, Cocos Islands and Christmas Island. The settlements have an entire area of about 1,600 square miles, They form a British crown colony. Q. What is the difference between burns and scalds’>—G. L. | A. Bumns are caused by dry heat of 140 degrees F. and over: scalds by | moist heat of over 120 degrees F. | Q. Who set the fashion for men's | garments with broad shoulders’—B. K. ! A. King Henry VIII, who was proud |of his own broad shoulders, set the \!In’:}'flcn‘ (g‘ M%entusu this breadth. | This is indicated in the many portraits of him by Holbein. i Q. What is tri e?—T. B. | A. This is the onomatopoetic name given in Prance to the game called here | backgammon. New York-London Contest Raises Doubts of America Latest population figures show that London still holds first place in popu- lation among the_cities of the world, but that New York's steady gain promises to put it in first place within a few years. London’s present em meration shows 8,202,813, while New York has 6981917. These figures are declared to arouse no enthusiasm in either country, because of the attention that is being given to the great prol lems of the big cities and the tendency to advite that population be more widely scattered. London town spreads and spreads aving ample room for spreading. says the Charleston Dally Mail. * York rises higher and higher and bur- | ‘i rows deeper and deeper, but the city of the lateral spreads has the advan- tage. What superlative merit, if any, goes with such a vast aggregation of human souls in such restricted quarters, would be difficult to determine.” The Mail con- cludes: “Many must be born and live and die in such restricted quarters, to whom the great open spaces are but dreams, if !(hey enter into their consciousness at all.” “Conditions in England,” thinks the Milwaukee Sentinel. “typify industrial- ism's greatest evil. The demand for factory workers increased the popu- Jations of cities far out of proportion to the food producting populations of the countrysides. It is said that in France the country population is no greater now than it was in the hard days of the thirteenth century. So long as England has a great urbah pop- ulation her workers will suffer periodical- 1y as they are suffering now. When they have no jobs they can buy no food. The foreign food producer has no pa- triotic incentive to food penniless Eng- lishman. The English agrarians have trouble enough feeding themselves. Time may prove that Malthus was not_entirely wrong.” “Citles throughout the world,” clares the Pasadena Star-News, growing with rapidity. There is corre- ! sponding increase in the scope and seriousness of political, economic and | sociologic problems as population masse: in large centers. Will civilization, law, order'and all that civilized, refined peo- ples hold dear, be able to survive and flourish within congested centers of | population? Can the modern city carry on, keeping principles, ideals and stand ards of government and human conduct above the driving tides of ciime. vice and corruption? These are serious and very live questions. The great problems of governmentsand of human welfare are presented today in the large citles of the United States and of the world.” Present tendencies suggesy to the Kalamazoo Gazet'e that “the London- New York classic may continue vir- tually a dead heat for decades.” That paper views the New York hope as rest- ing on “the sharply declining British birth rate, now lower than that of any other countrv except Sweden.” and adds study of the new census figures an impartial analyst that population will actually begin in about 25 years,” but that rican birth rate, too, has been The South Bend ‘Tribune ents: “It will not be sur- prising if there is no straining to in- c'.rusey. rt'h“e..llil‘le of New“}'ark. It will al- & peculiar phenomenon. ‘Why 7,000.000 persons should crowd into Greater New York City when there is for President made and the part; - form adopted. i *xox % ‘The Democrats, in their public utter- ances are emphasi: hard times and light of % Oklahoma no shortage of urban living space else- ‘where in the United States always will be a provocative topic. In England, of course, Jand is not plentiful. Greater London, with 8,202,818 population, is in harmony with English natural di- tions, while New York City, with e 927, apparently is in conflict with American conditions.” “We hear no shout of triumph from the city on the Thames,” remarks the Atlanta Journal. “Indeed, it seems to regard its excessive numbers with more of puzzlement than pride, and as many of its people as can seek the freer spaces round about. Bigness is evident- 1y not so appealing in old England as in young America. * * * Much this vein runs the taste of the South: erner in the United States. Prior to the War of the 1860s the favorite English novelist in the South was Sir Walter Scott, whereas the North took mostly. to Dickens, a revealing preference. De- spite the changes wrought on this side {of the Potomac by industrialism, the rural tradiiion is still potent here: we are naturally an outdoor people. Even ;m Atlanta. most typical of the new- | South cities, love of spaciousness and |open air and of green and growing things runs in the blood. May that touch of nature never grow less!” ‘Though she won’t appreciate it, lef's wish good luck to New York in keep- ing London ahead of her. What she ought to do is to diet!” exclaims the Ann Arbor Dafly News. The Memphis Commercial Appeal advises: “The great- est city in the world is that in which the average of contentment and happi- ness is the highest. But where is that | place? If we could have a census along | this line the result would probably be surprising.” The Cincinnat! Times-Star similarly avers: “That New York has a great population is no cause for rejoic- ing along the Hudson. The real ques- tion is: How contented a life can tk» average citizen lead there —_ | | | ! Cotton and Textiles. From the Charlotts Observer. In the cotton and textils markets, as well as in stocks, the last week was one of the most interesting in many months. The cotton market, in the broadest and most _active trading witnessed on the N<w York exchange in more than two years, established net gains of approx- imately $7.50 a bale, placing prices $10 a bale above the low mark established on June 8. The upturn in the raw material quick- ly changed the ton= of the cotton goods market, and business was placed at & more rapid rate than had been seen for some months, according to Textlle World. Prices of print cloths went a quarter csnt higher than at the be ginning of the week and by the middle of the week sellers had sold more than 50,000,000 yards. As much more could have been sold, Textile World says, but many selling organizations stopped tak- ing orders until prices became more stabilized. Buyers found they could not dictate delivery dates to the extent e pected. Broadcloths and narrow sheet- ing improved, the latter to a smaller degree than other cotton fabrics, how- ever. And so it was an encouraging week for both the cotton grower and manu- facturer, due tc Presidsnt Hoover's an- nouncement of his proposal to bring about a one-year holiday in payment of intergovernmental debts and re] - tions. This week the markets be watchsd with interest no less keen than last week. In passing it might be remarked that it is fortunate that the upturn in the rice of cotton came too late for the armers to increase their acreage. i Anti-Sovietism. 0 | prom the Ashland (Ky)) Daily Independent. get this argument across to and convince them that Democratic leadership might have done better. Of course, the Democrats, like any Republican, would be glad per- sonally to see times improve. But if the depression lighted a good bit in the next six or eight months, from the Democraf political standpoint, it would be just too bad. Brazil has dropped the K, Y and W from its alphabet. That's one way to prevent communication with the Rus- sian Communists. —— v Sandino Puzzles Gangsters. From the Meridian Star. Our gunmen can't understand that | fellow 'Sandino in Nlclngl. He | doesn't scem (@ be killing monaghy