Evening Star Newspaper, June 29, 1931, Page 3

GG PROGRANS WL BE ENLARGED Community Institute Plans Include 12 Events in Three Courses. of the n for ober, Com- The enterta Community Institute o the next sceson, st was _announced munity Center Depar h is directing the enterprise, in co- tion with the District of Columbia Public Library The program will diversified with 12 3 distinct courses am ngto! o be enla Ms pres of 4 events each. ib> to any or all of 3 explained, rst be > Homer Univ under Kinnon John A will ta the Sylvia violis 3 and lecturer, who Our Daily Lives.” Literature Course Offered. c i A literature course will next be pre- | gented by fou Hackett, Noyes, who w own poe! dard King, Clemens, who will lecture on niscences of My Father, Mark T Course e of varied interest to including Shawn and his g Walter, who will and Low Bows traveler and a lems, who wil “Wider Horizor Squier, mast lecture on “W An innovation for the comi son is announced by the institute, in that reserved seats for the entire season of 12 events may be obtained in ad- vance, beginning Julv 1, at the tute’s office in Franklin Administ Building. Only persons subscribing fo the complete season will have this op. Portunity of assuring themselves of the same choice of seats for all events. The cost of subscription for any one of the three courses i 50 (including 4 8 events), $2 for all three eight ever nd for all three courses (12 e . All events w Community Clifton stre a The Advisory ard of the institute comprises Frederic A. Delano. Albert W. Atwood, Clyde B. Aitchison, Edwin N. C. Barnes, _Georg Engel, E. C. Leila Mechi Joseph M. George W. White, and Miss Sybil Ba k on Henry Adam: n, Ca Lynch Luquer, Simons, Mrs. oran_Thom, rvey W. Wiley ctor. CANADIAN SHIP GROUNDS Becond Victim of Storm Near Que- bec Freighter Beaverburn. RIVERS, Quebce, June 29 freighter hic An will b D Lines' d Sag- a ground 1 ased Douglas Me- | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTO Prepare for Atlantic Hop BOARDMAN AND POLANDO AND THEIR PLANE. | | | | b BOARDMAN \right) a They were photographed in fi nd John Polando, his mechanic, 'are n as they made preparations for a flight frcm New York to Europe. ront of their monoplane, Cape Cod. ——A. P. Photo. | Nicholas Murray Bu | Br the Associated Press. { NEW YORK, June 29.—The open |season on college degrees has ended, | of those who now can add & few more etters after their names. The President of the United States, | | if he is ever so inclined, may scrawl the | 2bbreviations of 28 degrees after his “Herbert Hoover.” He received one | new one this year, from the University of Porto Rico. L) Butler Has 40. But if the President ever tries to ! write them all out and grows tired, he Ican take consolation from the knowl- | edge of what a job it would be for | President Nicholas Murray Butler of | Columbia University. | Dr. Butler (for he is doctor of all | sorts of things) has more than 40 of imembers of the Hoover cabinet, Sec- | fisquicting factor in world economic | retary of State Stimson, Secretary of he honorary titles. | This ycar alone he was awarded two | | new ones—a . and another | granted in Budapest. | But Ray Lyman Wilbur, secretary of | | the Interior, and Dr. Frank P. | won him world-wide 'FLOOD OF 1931 HONOR DEGREES BRINGS HOOVER'S TOTAL TO 28 President Gets 1 From Porto Rico U. tler’s 2 Give Him 40. Cabinet Members Also Get Awards. North Carolina, are believed to have beaten all other prominent Americans by receiving four degress each. Close behind was Rear Admiral with many notables heading the list | Richard Evelyn Byrd, the polished \'lr-; ginian, whose exploits in the air ha fame. He re- ceived three new degrees. And right beside him was Newton D. Baker, Secrctary of War under Woodrow Wilson, whose name is being mentioned as a possiblp candidate for President on the Democratic ticket. He, too, received three. Another second placer was William likewise with three new honors. United States Senator Dwight W. Morrow of New Jersey was another who received three new degrees the past Spring; now he has 10. One degree each went to three more War Hurley and Secretary of the Trea: ury Mellon. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, who already had 20 honorary degrees Gra- | from universities here and abroad, did | \r’ t0 | ham, president of the University of | not don cap and gown this June. m = 3 2 SPECIAL OFFICE_O COMPA OTICES. Ni RE INSURANCE ON AN esular m the purpose ompany 1o 11 e be <3.460.” 000, lders o 3 NG — WE HAVE ngfuith with ihe public ~since about our country-wide service, 1 9220, DAVIDSON TRANSFER TORAGE €O, INC.. ~ Met 8! made to induce Dr. Hugo Eckener to Now Is the Time to Screen in Your Porch or Windows ‘White pine screen rail...bronze and galvanized screen wire. Ready-made white pine screen doors. “No_Order Too Small ‘Sudden Service. J. FRANK KELLY, Inc. North 1343. ROOF —of any nature promptly an after by practical roofers. FAAOR 119 3rd St. S.W. d capably looked Call us up. % | Saloon League of Georgia; Mrs. Mary *|GRAF ARCTIC TRIP ASKED d P 4, Comdr. Smith of U. S. Coast Guard PASTOR JOINS KEY | | | 10 SCORE DRY LAW | Prohibition Is Denounced as| Repeal Opponents Meet at Atlanta. By the Associated Press. ATLANTA, June 29.—Mayor James| L. Key's statement in France that pro- hibition is a failure reverberated again here today, with a Congregational min- ster agreeing fully with the mayor, while a group of natfonally known dry _eaders assembled for a meeting ton!z 't in defense of the eighteenth amer:- ment. Says Law Impractical. Dr. D. Witherspoon Dodge of the Central Congregational Church added his oit to the controversy by stating from_his pulpit that “prohibition has not been enforced, it will not be en- forced, and it cannot be enforced.” Prohiblitionists calling tonight's as- sembly “for moral support of the dry laws” include former Representative | William D. Upshaw, Dr. Charles O.| | Jones, superintendent of the Anti- Harris Armor, a distinguished W. C. | T. U. orator, and Judge W. A. Coving- | ton. Discussed in Churches. Several church services yesterday were devoted to a discussion of prohibi- tion. Mayor Key reiterated before the Bible class_he teaches in the Grace Methodist Church his criticism of the dry laws. OVER NORTH AMERICA Tells of Efforts for Next Summer Voyage. | By the Associated Press. BERLIN, June 29.—Efforts are being take the Graf Zeppelin over the Arctic wastes of North America next Summer, | Lieut. Comdr. Edward S. Smith of the { United States Coast Guard, saild yes- terday. Comdr. Smith will be a member of | the Graf polar expedition next month as a representative of the Aerial Arctic | Soriety assigned to study the nature of icebergs. “We don't know much about ice- bergs,” he said, “and because of the | baflling fact that the North Atlantic is virtually free of them this year I am hoping that Dr. Eckener can be induced to make a trip over Baffin Bay next | year so that we may learn how the bergs wkich break off from the coast of Greenland get past Laborador into the Atlantic.” IDENTIFIE[; AS THIEF KOONS &t Bidiiet 6oss Your Printed Matter —with our work of auality upon 1t identifies vou as pr gressive. No job too small t Teceive our personal attention. The National Capital Press| 1210 D St. N.W. ~ HOUSE MOVER. As_Washington's most successful house mover and among the many building opera- Tlons 1 have handied. T Have moved 15 brick uildings without. any se. & b 2 'feferences Irom winia. Marsiand and Dis- Tnspect brick holse Just and Wisconsin Ave, Will Sed to furnish estimates. ~Will fur- e P ond if reauired. Will move any house, s=v"™ p, DUDLEY, | @86 Van Bt. S.W. Phone Nat. 8170. 30+ __Nat. 0650. / | i | Alexandria Prisoner Is Pointed Out by Taxi Driver. | By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. ALEXANDRIA, Va., June 29.—A Dis- trict of Columbia taxi driver today identified Lee Robinson, 21, colored, of 1823 Vernon street, Washington, as the man who held him up and robbed him recently, according to local police. Robinson was arrested here Friday morning by Patrolman George Embrey on a charge of carrying concealed weapons, a .32-caliber automatic being found in his possession according to police. In Police Court Fridsy he was Will Rogers SANTA MONICA, Calif.—Will you do me one favcr, if you see or hear of anybody proposing my name either humorously or semiscriously for any politi- cal office, will you maim said party and send me the bill. A magazine and 1 had a lot of fun last time by running for office, but am certainly not going to try and impoge the same " comedy twice. My friend George Creel in another magazine, says that I am taking this running serious. George, that's the worst siam you ever took against my sensa of humor. I cer- tainly know that a comedian can only last till he eitlier takes him- self serious or his audience takes him serious, and I don't want either one of those to happen to me till I em dead (if then), so let’s stop all this d—— foolishness right now. 1 hereby and hereon want to go on record as being the first presidential, vice presidential, Senator or justice of peace candidate to withdraw. I not only “dont choose to run,” but I don't even want to leave a loop- hole in case I am drafted, so I won't use “choose,” I will say “won’t run,” no matter how bad the country will need a cemedian by that time. I couldn’t run anyhow, beca:'se I can't make up my mind which side to run on, “wet” or “dry.” I don't know which side the most votes i5 on, and I can't straddle it, for that's where all the rest of the candidates are now. I hope in doing this that I have started something that will have far-reaching effect. Who will be the next to do the public a favor and withdraw? What is there to worry anybody over the next nomi- nations anyhow? It's one year away, but the candidates will be Hoover and Curtis versus Franklin D. Roose- velt and some Western or Southern Democratic Governor as Vice Presi- dent. Campaign literature of the Demo- crats should read, “That in case of success that Owen D. Young would be Secretary of the Treasury.” Big business has kept the Republicans in for 10 years just to get Mellon. ‘Well he ain’t got anything on Owen Young when it comes to talking sense with big money. Oh yes, the magazine also said “that I could get a very liberal campaign fund.” Well none has shown up up to now so that's really the reason of this early withdrawal. Politics has got so ex- pensive that it takes lots of money to even get beat with nowadays. I have looked politics and the movies both over, and while they have much in common, I believe politics is the most common, so I will stay with the movies. Will Hays didn’t make any mistakes. It's hard to give up the old White House, but it would be much harder to take politics serious. So long, boys, the first ex-candidate. ST SRR R — FAILS TO REALIZE HOPE Sir Hugh Bell Dies Without Seeing Bridge His Firm Built. LONDON, June 29 (®.—Sir Hugh Bell, ironmaster and colliery owner, died last night after a short illness at the age of 76. As a director in numerous steel and construction firms, he was active up to the time of his fatal illness. His final ambition to attend the opening of the Sydney Harbor Bridge, built by one of his concerns, was not realized. Once he said: “I promise to go to Australia sentenced to 30 days in jail and fined $100 and costs. He will now be turned over to Washington police. 1 to open the Sydney bridge—provided I don’t get a permanent engagement el:e- Where.” J. Cooper, commissioner of education, | YEARENDSWITHUS, DEBT S563 /860 Problem of Balancing Budget Believed to Involve For- eign Stability. The fiscal year ends at midnight to- morrow, ‘and as it goes, the Govern- ment, for the first time since 1919, will be confronted wi expenditures that vastly exceed receipts, the deficit as of June 25 being $863,786,800. ‘This raises on this side of the At- lantic one financial problem, that of balancing the budget, while abroad this Government also is seeking a key to economic stability, which President Hoover deems essential to national prosperity. Left behind is a decade of mounting tax collections, declining rates for the taxpayer and Treasury surpluses. Also in eclipse for the present is the steady marshaling of European finances to solve world money problems and fund the United States foreign debt.” Hope in Moratorium. To meet the foreign tangle, Presi- dent Hoover has proposed a one-year | moratorium on all governmental debts. Officials are hopeful this will promote general prosperity and aid in solving *he domestic budget puzzle by swelling Tow. reasury deficit has brought the eniarged financing operations foretelling an mcrcase in the public debt burden tlis year probably exceeding $500,- 000,000 In the preceding 10 years over $8,000,000,000 Administration action to date toward balancing the budget has centered on a program for cutting departmental ex- penditures, On the other hand, however, a loss of $246,566,000 in foreign payments if the moratorium plan is adopted must be faced Administrative officials have taken no public stand yet on the usual means of increasing revenue—new tax levies. Both Secretary Mellon and Mills have said a more stable tax base is desirable and have pointed to excise taxes as a possible solution. President Hoover also has indicated the need for a gen- eral revenue overhauling, but has not signified an intention to recommend tax Tevision to the next Congress. Oppose Tax Legislation. However, administration spokesmen | at the Capitol, and some leading Demo- crats have been practically unanimous in opposing any tax legisiation during the depression or just before the 1932 presidential _election. If this policy is unchanged, the Gov- ernment enters the new fiscal year with prospects of another huge deficit, and |even larger financial operations to ob- |tain operating funds. Government. borrowing is expected to increase in the new fiscal year, but lower interest rates afford a favorable opportunity to reduce costs. Refund- | ing requirements in the remainder of the calendar year alone exceed $2,000,- 000 and another long-term bond issue | before 1932 has been forecast. President Hoover has directed atten- tion to tremendous imports of gold re- | { cently which have provided another | conditions. Repeated reductions in Fed- {eral Reserve rediscount rates have | failed to check this flow and the United | States now holds about $4,500,000,000 of the world's central reserves, or twice the holdings of France, ranking second. Besides “lowering the credit stability of many foreign countries,” Hoover said the gold movement “and other difficul- ties abroad diminsh buying power for our exports and in a measure are the cause of our continued unemployment and continued lower prices to our farm- ers.” Five Tax Reductions. In the last decade the United States jhas had five tax reductions. The first, in 1921, totaled $663,000,000. In 1924 | there was a cut of $519,000.000, in 1926 of $422,000,000 and in 1928 of $222,- 000.000 _On President Hoover's recommenda- tions, Congress voted a temporary $160,- {000,000 tax cut on 1929 incomes, an inno- vation in Federal tax policies. Though [ £80,000,000 of this fell in the fiscal | vear of 1930, the Treasury finished with |a surplus of $183.700.000. The remain- ing $80,000,000 has added to the cur- rent deficit. Taking into account the various tax | reductions, taxable incomes showed a continuous growth up to 1930. How- jever, 1930 showed a half-billion-dollar drop, and business surveys of the Fed- eral Reserve Board indicate 1931 in- come taxes will decline even further. In the last decade income taxes have supplied more than half the Treasury's receipts. DRY AGENT ARRESTED AFTER FIGHT IN RAID Drinking Alleged by Physician at Long Beach, Where Several Cafe Patrons Were Beaten. By the Associated Press. LONG BEACH, N. Y, June 29— Federal Prohibition Agent Albert Shaw was arrested last night on assault charges arising from a liquor raid on a restaurant here in which several cus- tomers allegedly were badly beaten by Shaw and another dry agent. Dr. George Reiss, city physician, who examined them, said Shaw and his col- league, whose name is not know, had been drinking. Shaw was released in $1,000 bail by Magistrate J. Charles Zimmerman. He and his companion arrested Harold Hughes, New York paper manufacturer, and others in the raid. Shaw’s colleague produced credentials and was released. Hughes said the un- named agent beat him after insulting Mrs. Hughes, who was with her husband and a party of friends. A bartender, a waiter and two clerks were arrested and held for violation of the prohibition law. WILKINS IN NCRWAY Nautilus Commander Obtains Ac- cessories for Engines. BERGEN, Norway, June 29 (#)—Sir Hubert Wilkins reached here yester- day to get spare parts for the engines of his Arctic submarine Nautilus and will return with them to England to- the interest-bearing debt was reduced | 5o DOUBT OF Adding of 5-YEAR PLAN TASKS PEASANTS: REWARD GROWS Decade to Original Program Dulls Optimism—Russia Believes World War The writer of this benkin, ‘was born in article, Elias To- Russia; he knows of spe) observation, significance _and importance. long newspaper first appeared here yesterday. BY ELIAS TOBENKIN, MOSCOW (By Mail) —The extent to which unemployment elsewhere con- tributed to the rapid progress of the first two years of the Five-Year Plan, by releasing to the Soviet Union on com- paratively inexpensive terms some of the greatest engineering and construc- tive experts of both Europe and the United States, will no doubt form a theme for the historian of the future to speculate on. As the first tangible return on fits investment the Soviet government ex- pects a marked increase in production by four or five of its basic industries. By the end of the Five-Year Plan coal production in Russia is expected to have risen from a pre-war level of 25,- 000,000 tons a year to 100,000,000 tons. ‘The output of cast iron averaged 5,000,- 000 tons a year under the old regime; the five-year plan is expected to raise it to 17,000,000. Russia’s pre-war cotton production averaged 250,000 tons a year: it is expected to be raised to ,000. Russia’s oil production was 13,000,000 tons in 1911. This, it is forecast, will be increased to 45,000,000 tons in 1933. Soviet industrial leaders confidently assert that by the end of g.n *her two years Russian factories, built under the Five-Year Plan, will make available for Russian agriculture 1,500,060 trac- tors of 30 and 40 horsepower. Peasants Leave Farms. No perspective of the Five-Year Plan | is complete if it does not take into | account a parallel movement for the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture, which Stalin is carrying on | in the face of even greater opposition | than manifested to his industrial pro- | gram. | Ten and a half million peasant households in the Soviet Union have, since the start of the Five-Year Plan, | ceased to exist as individual farm en- tities. Their implements and live stock have been communized. Each peasant has become part of a collective house- | hold—"kolkhoz" is the Russian abbre- | viation for it—which works under in- | | structions from the government as to | |how much grain and other commodi- | ties it must produce and what pro- | portion of these is to be be the govern- | | ment's share. The collectizivation policy of Stalin is cne of advance and retrcat—advance two steps. retreat one. As originally announced, only 18 per cent of Russia’s peasantry was to have been commu- | nized by the end of the Five-Year Plan. | The collectivization was to come about voluniarily. The peasant was to be convinced by observation and experi- | ence that working the land in a com- { mune is_more profitable than working singly. There was to be no coercion. Kulaks Hard Hit. Actually impressment rather than argument soon became the chief driv- ing force in the coliectivization cam- paign. The better fixed peasants, known as kulaks, who resisied such | forced collectivization, saw their prop- erty confiscated and themselves and their familles deported by scores of thousands to the frontier provinces, there to start life anew on less de- sirable and sometimes totally unfit land. | Close to 400.000.000 rubles’ worth of property has in this manner been taken from the richer peasantry and turned over to the budding Communist farms | for general use. | In January and February, 1930, san- | guinary peasant uprisings broke out in various parts of the Soviet Union. | Stalin, in his now famous statement, | “Dizziness from Success,” blamed the | enure siuation on the inexperience and overzealousness of certain officials and directed that the collectivization processes be slowed down. Huge Group Planned. However, in the Winter and especial- | ly in the Spring of the current year, | the former collectivization tempos not only were resumed, but greatly intensl- | fled. The avowed policy of the Krem- lin today (unless events force a change before this is published) is to have all or nearly all of Russia's 26,000,000 in- dividual peasant households united in ll’léxan:e Communist farms by the end of While the former tempos have been resumed, new methods are being em- ployed today to get the peasant to sign as & member of a colleciivization farm and to part with his horse and plow. Peasants are not being shot or exiled for refusing to go into a “kolkhoz"— they are merely being boycotted. The government owns the banks and con- trols the sale of machinery and the distribution of seed for planting. The official orders are to supply the com- munized farms with these things in the first instance. The peasant who stands out for his individual acres finds himself minus credit. minus ability to buy machinery. He is an outlaw, or alnfost so. Official explanation of the resump- tion of the forced collectivization marches which in the past have nearly brought_ruin upon the Soviet scheme is that Russia has at last entered upon the golden period of socialism indus- trially, and that agricultural develop- ment must keep pace with industry. The peasants must adopt on the land the methods and tempos employed by, their brothers in the factories, Actually, the feverish collectivization tempos are dictated by the Soviet's ever-expanding building program. Depend on Soil. The products of the soil have today become almost the sole means of financing the five-year plan. The role of the cittes and their populations as a source of revenue is dwindling month by month. The government feeds, houses and amuses its workmen at a loss. The theaters, chains of co-op- erative stores, -housing trusts, must continually be subsidized by the gov- ernment or cease to function. That part of national economy which in other countries is grouped under the head of trade and commerce and brings the government 'substantial revenue in Russia is run almost universally at a loss, despite the profitable showing day. He said the Nautilus probably would reach Bergen in a fortnight. ‘Wilkins discovered that an important part for a cylinder of the Nautilus’ en- gines was missing from a consignment of 94 cases and has telegraphed Devon- {};m, asking if it could be furnished ere. BABY’S BODY FOUND Taxicab Seen to Enter Woods Traced' by Prince Georges Police. By a Staft Correspondent of The Star, SUITLAND, Md, June 29.—Prince Georges and Washington police today were attempting to trace a taxicab which was seen to enter the woods near Cedar Hill Cemetery yesterday, a_ short time before a year-old colored baby's body was' found. A man who saw the cab, driven by a colored man, leave the woods, and later discovered the baby wrapped in news- papers, notified Justice of Peace William Naecker. The body was removed to Ritchie's funeral establishment at Ritchie, Md. Sergt. A. W. Hepburn of the police force sald Magistrate Naecker would probably hold an inquest tonight.. & by an occasional sector in this branch of economy. The peasant bears the brunt of taxa- tion in the Soviet Union. The 90,000,~ 000 mouzhiks pay for the Stalin experi- ment. It is therefore important for the government not only to increase agricultural production, but to be in a position to “commandeer” as much of these products as its financial needs and emergencies may require. Col- lectivization, wholesale farming, is re- lied upon to do both. Science Enlisted. Up-to-date machinery and scientific methods are expected to drive crops to a satisfactory height. Being run by managers and superintendents who are either Communists or direct gov- ernment officials. such farms will place the government in a position to take for_its own_shi taxes, as much TRUSSES Fitted Professionally GIBSON’S 917 G St. N.W. | “Barin, I pay eighteen rubles | children is growing up. | years? Is Certain. of the crop as it needs without hav- ing to overcome the shyness of hos- tility of the individual peasant owner who has his own conception of how much _his taxes should be. The’ Supreme Court of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics has been in session. The five proletarian judges— the secretary of a trade union. a metal worker, a woman weaver, a literate day laborer and a former lawyer of noble birth, who had, however, expiated his unproletarian origin by his lifelong ca- reer as a revolutionist—tried 14 men for high treason to the Soviet State. It was one of those political trials of which the Soviet government makes a public function. Tickets were issued to factorles to send “workmen’s dele- gations.” I was in the court room nine days and evenings. The ages of the defendants ranged | from 39 to 57. They were sclentists, professors, economists, literateurs. By conviction they belonged to a political party, which, in the Soviet Union, | where no parties outside of the Com- munist partv are permitted by law to exists, is outlawed. In addition to sub- versive political work the 14 defend- ants were charged with attempting to | wreck the five-year plan. Tried as Enemies, Occupying highly strategic posts in | the government’s Planning Commission, in the highest economic councils, in banks. these men, it was alleged, were directing their various departments and, in some instances, entire institu- tions over which they had charge in a manner designed to bring failure and discredit to the plan. Each of the 14 men signed complete And1 elaborate confessions before the trial. ‘The trial, with its class approach to Justice, its one-sided legal methods and the ominous shadow of the Soviet po- litical police. is not part of this article. But a fleeting statement by one of the accused. in a weak attempt at self-de- fense, belongs here. He' and~his fellow defendants, the prisoner explained, had resorted to sabotage, to “wrecking” as the word is in Russian, because they felt the Stalin | industrial program was exacting from | the Russian people a price in suffering, | bardship and privation equal only to | that of a great and exhausting war. Food Prices High, Men come to Moscow from a distance of five or six hours by train for the sole purpose of getting once in a week | or 10 days a square meal at one of three hotels, the Savoy, the Grand, the | Europa. The price of such a meal runs from 12 to 20 rubles, $6 to $10. A glass of hot milk, even in popular restau- rants, is 75 kopecks. If one above the amount rationed—a pound a | day for any one not a common laborer— the price in Moscow's free markets is a ruble-a pound. A washwoman demanded five rubles | for washing three shirts and as many pairs of socks. When I protested her answer was that the five rubles barely fice to pay for a pound of (In the provinces no her- had at any price). An stchick — cabman — demanded _ten rubles to drive me a mile and a half. ‘When I said I would rather walk than pay such a price, the peasant pleaded for a pood (thirty-six pounds) of hay.” Men and women in every stratum are persistently undernourished and nervous. A generation of w Ordinary ail- ments frequently take on epidemic pro- portions because of the low vitality of the population, Provisions Plentiful. Yet the Soviet Union is not without fdod. There are warehouses filled to bursting with edibles. Supplies are continually being rushed to the work- srs on the “industrial front,” and they are being exported to foreign countries. It 1s with her exports that the Soviet Union very largely pays for the techni- cal imports and machinery demanded by the increasing expansion of the Five Year Plan. Grain is a principal export. Why must the country-old gap be-| tween Russia’'s economic backwardne and Western progress be filled violently within five years—four is the slogan now—instead of in fifteen or twenty Why. so little regard for the material warts of the Russian naticn by the men in charge of its destinies? Why the wild pace, the frenzied in- tensity, the ruthless advance of the Stalin program? I put these questions to a responsible official in one of the highest goverr mlendt departments in Moscow. He re- plied: “We_ are hurrying our building pro- gram because events are hurrying us. Economic events in the principal countries of the world are combining to make war on us not only probabls but inevitable.” He proceeded to amplify. Objects Explained. “I do not mean,” he said, “that the principal nations will wake up one morning and say, ‘We do not like the| Bolshevist order, let's combine and make war on it’ But the industrial equilibrium of the world cannot be restored until Russia is once more a part of the world market. “We are willing, anxious, to rejoin the world market, but we must do so on the new terms the new order of so- clety in our country impos:s. The world Is insistent that we come back on the old basis only. “Such firreconcilable conflicts have at all times ended in war. If our in- dustries are undeveloped or insuffi- ciently developed before such a war comes the Soviet Union will emerge from it a second China, a semi-colonial country. The pace of the Five Year Plan frankly is a war pace.” Plan Reflects Stalin. Unofficial views explain the pace and tempos of the Five Year Plan as the lengthened shadow of the man behind it—of Stalin. Such views place Stalin in a class of Russian rulers— great rulers—who, convinced of the rightness of a certain course, proceeded to force their conviction upon the nation as a whole, regardless of the nation’s willingness or unwillingness to follow in the ruler’s tracks. Thus Vladimir the Holy, in the Don't forget the address |830 13th St. N.w.l is 80 kopecks; a 2 or 3 cent roll | wishes bread | anemic | tenth century, converted to the Greek Orthodox religion, drove the inhabi- | tants of his capital, Kiev, into the waters of the Dnieper arfd gave them the alternative of being baptigsed or drowned. Peter the Great, returning from Hol- land, sought to westernize Russis by summary orders to his noblemen to shave their beards and change to (¥- man clothes. Joseph Stalin, 1t is asserted, with a not dissimilar zeal, is determined to make ‘“socialism within our lifetime” a reality in Russia, and himself the n‘gzterlaus and revered apostle of the c Difficulties of Plan. ‘The difficulties of the Five Year pro- gram—and they are rapidly coming to the fore in this, its third and most decisive year—are without exception difficulties created by the government's ! theoretical by the Stalin idea of civil service in Industry, to which the! Plan is wedded. | ‘The peasant who a year ago greeted with childlike joy the rise of every new factory today thinks about its owner- ship. It has dawncd upon him that his share in it is problematical. All the | government has promised him on that score is that “when the country as a whole becomes rich, every one of us will be rich individually.” But even this metaphysical conception of owner- ship was taken from him in recen® months with the announcement that the present Five Year Plan is to b | followed by another five-vear plar and | |that this, in turn, will be followed by |a sort_of a general plan, extending over 15 years. Rewards Far Off Every man and woman in Russia of middle age, and many under middle | age, realize that the milk and honey | to flow as the result of the govern- ment's industrialization program will not come in their lifetime, possibly not even in their children’s lifetime. Some very definite and ery aggravating con- | sequences come in the wake of this realization. For example: Russian factories are working day and night, but the goods they turn out are to a large degree damaged, defec- | tive. Here and there special groups of | young " workmen, labeled | shock brigades” and pampered by the | authorities and the press, manage to instil a modicum of enthusiasm into their work, but the rank and file of | workers have in recent months fallen | |into an indifferent, apathetic mood. | Inattention to orders, drunkenness, even theft, have become daily occurrences in factories, on the job. Moscow, other citfes in the Soviet Union, are contin- ually holding “demonstration trials” to show up and to reform people derelict |in duty. Another chronic ailment not only of the Flm' but of the Soviet regime as a whole, is the division betwezn intel- lectual and physical labor. It is Stalin’s | view that to abolish classes in Russia it is necessary to intensify the contempt |2nd even the hatred of the manual laborer for the worker in the white col- lar professions. | Proletarians Favored ‘The bread rations a clerk, a doctor or a teach:r receives are one-half the rations a common laborer gets. If an apartment is vacant and two applica- tions are made, the proletarian appli- | cant will ‘receive preference over an economist, an_accountant, a dentist. Hatred begets hatred, and the so-called “intelligcnisia” retaliates by assuming an attitude of “personal disinterested- ness” and by shunning responsibility and initiative to a point where it be- comes positively hurtful to the coun- try’s g-neral progress. The Five Year Plan has tremendous | odds against it—odds coming entirely from inside the country, from the Rus- sian people themselves. Yet it is not unsafe to predict that it will be car- ried through. The prodigal reservoirs of the country’s raw materials, com- bined with the unlimited patience of the Russian people, practically insure | its success. Outcome Doubtful Moreover, success of the Five Year | Plan, as interprcted by the Russian temperament, does not call for 100 per cent performance. If the plan is filled |out 75 per cent the Russians will still | consider it a marvel of efficiency. The | successful completion of the Five Year | Plan will be equivalent to the discovery | of the Sovi=t Union economically. Will this mean the unbalancing of | the economic system elsewhere in the world? | Those who answer offhand in the | affirmative lose sight of two basic fac- tors. One is the neceds of the Russian peop! the other, their standard of work. | | Homes Are Barren The average Russian eats one-fourth as much bread annually as the average Englishman. His meat rations run to | the same proportion, and he eats only | one-sixth as much sugar. The homes of Russia’s swarms of “dark people” are as bare as a nomad's tent. Their clothes | are primitive, one man in four wearing shoes, | _ To bring up the standard of living of Russia’s 160,000,000 is the soviet gove ernment’s first task; the Five Year Plan | | is pledged to it. : As for the other phase, Russia's work | standard, it is safe to estimate that the | Soviet government today is paying out :for bureaucratic blunders resulting | from its civil service system, for waste- fulness and inefficiency, the greater | part of what it gains from being the o“’gcr of its factories and raw mate- rials. Until the Russian has learned to work and the Soviet government has freed individual initiative instead of penaliz- ing it, the alarming prognostications | about the Sovet’s ability to upturn | systems elscwhere and to flood the world with its own superior and cheaper goods seem greatly exaggerated. (Copyright, 1931, by North American News- paper Alliance, inc.) | | Erskine's Home Damaged. ‘WILTON, Conn., June 28 (#).—The Summer home of John Erskine, well known author, was slightly damaged yesterday by a fire believed to have been caused by a smoldeiing cigarette left on a lawn couch. Mrs. Erskine and a daughter, Anna, summcned the fire departmen BREAKFAST LUNCHEON AND DINNER. ,CO. 710 14th St.NW. AMERICA's MOST BeAuTiFuL DRUG STORE 'W. STOKES SAMMONS DuPont Tontine Window Shades Are replacing erdinary window shades in hun- dreds of Washington homes, because the par- ticular “buyers” in these homes are become “shade conscious” and realize the advantage of having shades which may be easily and inex- pensively laundered. F or the best results in Washing Tontine Win- dow Shades send them to our LAUNDRY. CURB OF PRIESTS AS BURDEN ASKED Vera Cruz Governor Holds They Are Representatives of “Foreign Power.” By the Associated Press. VERA CRUZ, Mexico, June 29.— Charging that Catholic priests in Mexi- jco are representatives of “a foreign power” and are a burden on the public, Gov. Adalberto Tejeda today asked the District Court to uphold the recently en- acted state law placing restrictions on | the church. In a counter-petition to an action brought by priests for an injunction against application of the law, which limits the numbe- of pricsts allowed to officiate in the state to 11, the gov- ernor declared that because of “ar- rangements” between the Italian gov- ernment and the Vatican the priests were, in fact, representatives of a for- eign power. The court has granted a permanent injunction against application of the law to the priest in charge of the cathedral at Jalapa, the state capital, and several other actions for injunc- tion are pending before Judge Manuel Bartlett. The court held that the priest was harming no one by remaining in his church and was entitled to conduct service inasmuch as it was his means of earning a living. Catholic circles believed this precedent would be fol- lowed in cases pending. Federal troops were used to guard the church ‘yesterday when about 100 persons staged a street demonstration of anti-church nature. They heard speeches criticizing former President Emilio Portes Gil for signing an agree- ment with the church which permitted renewal of services in 1929 after a three-year open conflict. URGE 14TH ST. BRIDGE T0 SPEED UP TRAFFIC Government Officials Study Plans to Relieve Hains Point Congestion. Government officials today were stud; ing plans for a proposed bridge to span the Washington Channel from a point in East Potomac Park to Water street as one solution to the traffic problem along Fourteenth street. Traffic congestion is said to be fre- quent because of the heavy flow from Hains Point meeting two-way tramc on Fourteenth street, moving north and south. Particularly is the congestion acute during the cherry blossom season and the Summer, when Hains Point is |a mecca for hundreds of autoists daily. _Another solution put forward, offi- cials said, is that of an underpass for the park traffic. If the bridge is built across the chan- nel, the right-hand approach will be buiit on a site now occupied by the United States engineer office’s plant in the park, Government officials esti mated This plant will be moved to a site on“the Anacostia River near the Elev- enth Street Bridge, it was announced today by Maj. Joseph D. Arthur, jr., District engineer. Criticism has arisen that these struc- tures mar the beauty of the park. 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