Evening Star Newspaper, May 30, 1931, Page 2

* 600 ARMY PLANES - EAHBIT TACTICS Column'20 Miles Long Passes In Review as Climax of Record Maneuvers. squadron climbed high above the river again and there appeared the 13th At- tack Squadron, Fort Crockett, Tex., each plane bearing the insignia of death, represented as a skeleton swinging a | scythe, the blade of which is a sheet o(i flames. Attack aviation has been de-} veloped solely -for use against ground troops and trains and is one of the most destructive weapons the mind of man has yet devised for such grim use. | Led by Lieut. Ralph P. Stearley, the ! 13th, at low altitude, showed the methods developed by attack aviation for its assaults on machine-gun nests, field artiliery, infantry columns and; strong points and other targets on the battle line. Squadron Dive Staged. | Then the familiar scream was heard from above and down came the 95th in a headlong 250-mile-an-hour squadron dive on the 12 attack planes from an altitude of reveral thousand feet. After several assaults the attack planes with- drew and the pursuit went into an exhibition of formation drill. Suddenly two of the swift little ships broke aw from th> squadron, which climbed awa; and left the aerial arena clear for a whitling, breath-taking “dog fight” be- tween the two planes, The two solo pilots are Lieut. Irvin A. Woodring, leader of the second flight of the 95th and only surviving mem- ber ‘of the famous “Three Musketeers, and Lieut. George E. Price, who estab- lished a recent world altitude record for combat planes carrying full mili- tary equipment. Lieut. Woodring won fame by his remarkable flight from the Pacific to the Atlantic during the past Winter to carry the Japanese naval treaty. The flight was made in one of the planes of the 95th Squadron through terrible weather, resulting ih the death in a blizzard of Woodring's escort, flylng a second plane. The modern combat methods demon- strated the three crack squadrons are more deadly than anything known in the World War. They reveal the supremacy of the new methods of at- tack by whole squadrons acting as a | unit. The three squadrons were se- lected by competition. Hunter Acrobatic Pilot. The 95th Pursuit Squadron, tempo- | rarily attached to the 20th’ Pursuit | Group. had a brilliant combat record in France, and also s renowned for its peace-time achievements. Capt. Hunt- | er, its leader, is known as one of the | est acrobatic pilots in the Army and | is well known in the National Capital, | where he was stationed up to last year. He has flown here in several military demonstrations. including two of the Army relief fund shows at the Army War College At San Diego the 95th has been spe- | cializing in high altitude combat ma- | neuvers and has flown in formaticn at | an altitude of 30,000 feet, nearly 6| miles above the earth, the greatest | height attained by any formation. In dividual pilots of the squadron have | flown at heights of more than 6 miles | with full fighting equipment, repeatedly establiching new records. Their work has included two-target shocting at high altitudes, and they | have developed improvements in oxy- gen and other equipment for high alti- | tude flving which has tremendously in- | creased the efficlency of the fighting | squadrons, to whom. the ability to out- climb the enemy means not only the difference between defeat and victory, but 2ls> between death and life for practically all the pilots engaged. Many Diffiguities Overcome, In reaching these tr:mendous alti- | fus‘." whete the winds blow at constant | ties gng from 150 to more 1an 200 miles per hour, the pilots of the 95th have had to overcom» many difficultics. Jt has been found that ! temperature drops 1 degree Fahrenheit with every 300 feet of ascent, so that | h flying suits, gloves, moccasins | s have had to be de- prolonged combat work at € 20,000 feet. Electrically | i goggles are required to prevent | ting of the lenses. The total weight clothing and equipment a pilot must wear for work of this sort exceeds 50 The 95th flies In the finest type pur- N~ used in the standard service s. They weigh 2.700 pounds, | high speed of 190 mi'es per hour, can climb 2,00 feet a minute and cen v out of a vertical power dive per hour. They are pow- | supor-charzed radial *air- The shield of the 95th famous “kicking mule” Units Arrive for Maneuvers. The 1ith Bombardment Squadron night ot Langley Field, . Va. with other squadrons the 11th Bombardment Wing, of which it is a unit. It took off from Langley shortly after 8 o'clock this morning and landed at Bolling Field in a cloud of dust about 9:30. A few min- utes later the 13th Attack Squadron landed at BoMing from Logan Field, Ealtimore, where the 3d Attack Group, of which it is a unit, s stationed. hese two squadrons increased to 279 the number of planes on the ground at the local Army post. This more than twice the largest num- r of plares ever to land in the Na- 2l Capital at one time, Just es the combat demonstrations were getting undet way near the Lin- co'n Memcrial. the main column of the st Air Division began forming, squad- Ton by squadron, group by group and wing by wing in the vicinity of Quan- tico, Va One of the first detachments to ar- rive at the rendezvons point was the 11th Bombardment Wing, minus the 11th Squadron, which was alreadv over the Capital. The wing includes 36 heavy bombers and 33 light bombers, vnder command of Maj. J. H. Pirie. The wirg comprises two groups, the socond, from Langley Field, Hampton, Va. composed of the 20th, 49th and 96th v Bombardment Squadrons, ith’ Bcmbardment Group. | of tte 1ith, heavy; the 31st. light. from Maren . and the 208th, light, man- by fiying cadets from Kelly Fleld, n_Antonio, Te The 21st Observation Wing, com- posed of four groups, totaling 11 squad- rons and 150 planes, came up close be- hind the bombers from Langley Field, where it.was stationed last night. The 3d Attack Group, of three regular squadrons, with a provisional squadron, manned by-flying cadets, flew into posi- tion, under command of Maj. Daven- port Johnson. 22nd Is Colorful Outfit. Then came the colorful 22nd Ob- servation Wing, composed of skeleton squadrcns of five planes each from the 19 National Guard Squadrons, stationed in all parts of the countr ‘These squadrons, forming'the Nation's second line of aerial defense, have been giving a splendid account of themselves throughout the ‘maneuvers and, ihough “Lelr pilots in many cases can fly only at intervals during the year and seldcm hate an opportunity to Hy in formation, they have been keeping right up with the squadrons of the Regular Army. Above and on the flanks of the column were the 10 pursuit squadrons composing the 1st Pursuit Wing, which Epent last night at Bolling Field. The wing. which will remain at Bolling Field untjl Monday msrning, includes 194 pursuit planes, 33 transport Field. C e { the atmospheric pressure PIC CARD TELLS HIS OWN STORY THE EVENT OF CLIMB TO STRATOSPHERE Scientist, in Signed Precaution of Tak Narrative, Rcveals ing Two Air Filter Machines Saved Their Lives. 0 Herewith is the only authorized signed narrative of Prof. Augusie., Piccard, the first man to reach an altitude of approximately 10 miles above the earth. By Radio to The Star. GURGL, Tyrol, Austria, May 30 laboratory In Brussels on the properties of the gamma rays through radium induced me to make experiments in cosmic rays also. It is known that cosmic rays are atmosphe: Certain desirable one, and i a balloon that altitude whereat the height barometer stood at 76 millimeters. that at the level of the sea mercury stands at 716 millimeters. Little Trouble Building Balloon. ‘The construction of a balloon which could reach that altitude offered no particular difficulty. enough if the total which is In rous height w! SRS meter of PICCARD. than 100 grammes, while at sea level it can bearabout 1 kilogram. The construction of an altitude balloon meeting these requirements offers really only on striking feature, which with gas at the start it will have necessary. This would require a very strong and far too heavy net for supporting a gondola. On the other hand, the balloon should be nearly full at the start to avold having the cover become entan- gled in the net. We overcame these difficulties by do- ing away with the net and then at- taching the gondola directly to balloon, as in balloons. Arrangement Works Admirably. This arrangement, which had been applied also to other balloons before, worked admirably. Prom the physical point of view the ascent to the height we contemplated offered great difficulties. It is known that & human being can support twice comfortably when not obliged to do bodily labor. This pressure corresponds to an alti- | tude of about 5,300 meters and many persons at such an altitude display all the symptoms of mountain sickness. The heights of 7.000 to 8,000 meters cannot be borne without the artificial administration of oxygen. Even with the use of the most paratus the capacity of human effi- ciency dwindles at the heights of 10.000 to 12,000 kilometers, while the altitude I aimed at, approximately 16,000 me- ters, is mortally dangerous to any hu- man being. Iw therefore, forced to erect my laboratory in an air-tight closed cabin wherein could be maintained something like a normal atmospheric pressure. In principle, the dangers from ex- treme altitudes were thus eliminated, but #s a matter of fact a closed cabin offers undoubtedly greater should it suddenly fail to remain air- tight. Cabin Required Utmost Care. 1t will thus be seen that the construc- tion of the cabin and all the work con- nected therewith required the utmost care. After long study we decided upcn the following dimensions and the material to be used in the construction of the balloon: ‘The balloon cover was to be made fion ordinary rubber material of good quality, cot’on weight, the rubber solu- tion beirg 110 grammes per square meter weight of cotion, 45 grammes to the square meter on the lower part of the cover and 90 grammes to the square meter on the upper. The cabin was to be spherical in shaps and constructed of an alloy of aluminum and tin, hand wrought and welded. ‘The diameter of the sphere was to be 210 centmeters. In the interfor of the cabin the air was to b> renewed by two filters, each having a capacity for main- taining the atmosphere sweet for eight hours. It was lucky that we took two such machines along, for this precaution saved our lives in our 17 hours’ jour- ney. We planred to make th» fis tempt at starting Sentember 13, 1930, but unfortunately on that day the wind blew so hard on th» ground that it would have been difficult for the bal-| loon to rise and the start was post- poned. Faulty calculations affscting the con- struction of the balloon, as some papers assumed, were totally untrue. After a long wait, the weather con- town, Pa., last night; 227 pilots, and 213 mechenics, under command of Maj. G. H. Brett. ‘Three groups, under command of Ma/. G. E. Brower, Maj. C. L. Tinker and Capt. J. K. Cannon, compose the group and tihey Inc'ude the famous 17th, 27th, 94th, 36ith, 50th, 7ith &nd Y Squadrons, The third groun is pr visicnal, comprising the 201st, 202d and 203d Squadrons, m: nned by flving cadets from Kelly F The 94ta Squadron was led in Fr v Col. Ed- ward V. Rickenbacker. leading Ames- ican ece, and led up the test to- tal of aserial combat ‘ol to any Amcrican squadron. The Pursult Wing now quartered at Bolling Field represents the backbone of the Nation's aerial defense. These are the fighting squadrons upon which the country must depend to beat off aerial ‘The scene at Bolling during stay is one of the most colorful the field has tnessed in its long series of notable aviation events. The yellow - winged little fighting planes were parked late yesterday aft- ernoon by lines of flights, nine planes abreast in a column extending vir- tually the full length of the flying field. | Beside the lines of flights fluttered the pennons of the fighting squadrons. The field swarms with the pursuit pilots, sun-bitten, trim and hard. not yet reccived their wings, but who have been standing the strain of a grinding campaign beside the Regulars. Some of the most famous figures in American military a’ on are to be seen at Bolling. Capt. and Capt. Victor Strahm, the two out- standing war aces still in the service, are in command of squadrons there. Capt. Hugh M. Elmendorf, who led the 95th during its period of altitude record-breaking flights, is there. Lieuts. Lester Maitland and Albert F. Hegen- berger, first to fly the Pacific; Capt. St. Clair Streett, leader of the Alaskan flight; pilots of the Polar Bear flight and others who have made peace-time [ air Listory are to be seen among the pilots. Brig. Gen. Benlamin D. Foulols, first military pilot and leader of the divi- sion, was direcing his squadrons by radio_from the ground today, his or- ders going out from & big tri-motored radio plane commanded by Lieut. Hegenberger and being received by group 2nd squadron leaders over dis- tances of many miles, . Nova Scotia Jurist Dies. ANNAPOLIS ROYAL, N. 8, May 30 (#).—Robert Edward Harris, chief jus- tice of Nova Scotia since 1918, died at his home today, He was in his seventy- know nothing definite as yet about their: precise nature, but from all possible to conclude ti the ether to the earth. that these rays could best be examined when they had been absorbed as littie as possible by which they had penetrated only one-tenth of earth’s atmosphere. The problem, therefore, became an aeronautical the | the case of captive | up-to-date ap- | danger | Among | them are the gray-uniformed flying | cadets, embryo military pilots who have | In bis own story the famous scientist gives for the first time his experiences during his sensational ascent into the stral BY PROF. AUGUSTE PICCARD, (N.ANA)—My experiments in my own invisible to the human eye, and that we grevtmu experiments it was at cosmic rays come from It was clear, therefore, | the re. considerations showed me that it was to measure these rays at that height u:t e resolved itself into the task of reaching It is known It is the cubic capacity stands in relation o weight of the balloon in & proportion easily calculable. nd figures, it can be sald that at the hich 1 contemplated reaciing, 1 cubic hydrogen can only support a little more is that if the balloon is completely filled 10 times more carrying capacity than | ditions looked favorable for Wednesday, | May 27, 1931, The balloon was therefore spread {out on Tuesday afternoon, and sbout midnight the filling began. I intended starting about 5, but, unfortunately, |the weather grew worse suddenly, so that the start looked like the most dif- ficult part of our venture, just before our balloon was allowed to rise, which it did with great impetus, owing to the existing wind. Because of the way in which the balloon was tossed about before the start, some of the articles in the cabin suffered somewhat, and while | | one of the insiruments was b-ing moved | | into the cabin it struck the wall of the cabin, rendering it, as we found later, not airtight. We were obliged to mend it as swiftly as possible with the mate- rial we had on the spot. Fortunately we were able to do so satisfactorily and quickly. | The appreciable loss of breathable air | thus sustained I corrected by rcleasing the liquid oxygen, which I carried in reserve in a pyrex vacuum bottle. I poured a certain amount on the floor of the cabin, whers it rapidly evap-| orated. Unfortunately our very rapid ascent and the incident just related prevented | us from carrying out certain scientific exp:riments at various aititudes. When we began our observations, 25| minutes after the start, we were al- ready at a height of 15 kilometers, without having thrown out any ballast. Here the ascent was of a fairylike beauty. We saw the sun rising above the horizon long before the earth be- neath us had been touched by the sun's rays. The rare glances from the cabin windows which our work permitted us to take throughout the jcurney belong to the most beautiful which I have seen in my life. Particularly striking was the view of the many interwoven chains of the Bavarian-Austrian Alps. Valve Found Out of Order. Soon after we had steadied ourselves at 15 kilometers above sea level we made the disagreezble discovery that a valve, by & combination of unfortunate circumstances, was out of order and we perceived that it would be imppossi- ble to make the valve function by ordi- nary means. It seemed to us from the beginning that probably the balioon would descend of its own acc-rd during the afternoon, owing to the cooling temperature after surset, and we felt that we would have to be careful with our available oxygen. Eut the situat'on became almost criti- cal when the balloon refused to descend at 5 o'clock, at 6, and even at 7. The damage 1o the valve also had another consequence, as we realized that landing without using the escape valve would be difficult. We decided to retain as much as pos- sible of our ballast. Of 500 kilograms lead waste taken by us we only had | dumped 112 ki'cgrams when we reached an altitude of 15 kilometers. This brought our barometer reading to exactly 76 millimeters of mercury. ad dumped 350 kilogremmes as we originally intended doing, we would have gone beyond our anticipated alti- tude of 16 kilometers by s much as 300 meters. Duting our long imprisonment in the sphere we realized that our friends would be anxious about us, especially as the balloon at the end of the after- noon floated over the Alps. Speed Greatly Reduced. We eagerly awaited the setting of the | sun, which occurred a little after 8| o'clock. Now the balloon began to sink | appreciably. After the sun had set, our speed had greatly diminiched. We were lucky in economizing our | oxygen. saving it to such en extent | that at the end of the journey we had | not suffered any lack of air. At a quarter cf 9 we were going down well, and we were delighted to expel a good deal of the used air from the cabin and swecien what remained | | with a generous outpouring of the | Mquid oxygen. We watched eagerly for the moment | when the sir pressure inside and out- | | side of the sphere became equal, and | | then we opened the scuttles of the | cabin and prepared to make a landing, | | which was effected about 9 o'clock at | an altitude of 2,760 meters on a glacier. ‘We spent the n‘ght putting our gear | straight and then went to sleep. In the morning, we cooked ourselves a wonder- | ful meal of melted glacier, chocolate and flour, Breing no human being. we decided, | at 9 o'ciock, to descend into the valley, but before doing so we spread some pleces of cloth and the Swiss identifica- tion mark of the balloon, “CH 113,” on the ice in a peomatrical pattern, weigh- ing them down with lumps of lead ballast. We honed rome flver might find the ; balloon and we wished him to uncer- stand that we had left the cabin alive and conscious. ‘The descent into the valley was not | very simple. We did not use the path over the g'acler bscause w.th a com- pletely unknown glacler we feared un- expected crevasses. Roped together, we therefore crossed over the glacler, climbed down the rocks, and by noon had the pleasure of seeing the first people, whom we sent down into the valley with a message to our friends that we were safe. After a wearisome march we reached | the first village at 5 o'clock. We were happy that in spite of the various mis- haps we had at least succeeded in | carrying out part of our scient'fic | prcgram. We hope that the Foncs Na- | tional Derecherche Scientifique of Bel- | gium, which financed our first expedi- tien, will not have spent its money i | vain, | , Copy | Ameri reserved, . 1931. in all countries by North ewspaper Alliance, Inc. All rights NG ! composing the 22d Observation Wing. 'U. S. WHEAT BUYING sane. AIR PARADE BRINGS RECORD ASSEMBLY Largest Group of Airplanes Gathered in Peace Time Has Noted Squadrons. ‘The great air force which is passing in review over the National Capital to- day not only is the largest ever as- sembled in the world for peace-time l | | | maneuvers, but it is one of the most colorful gatherings of airmen and pianes this country has known. In the column passing over the Po- tomac today were most of the famous World War squadrons, the planes bear- ing shields emblematic of their squad- rons' combat history. There were squadrons which flew with Pershing into Mexico; squadrons which flew on the French frontier and over the Alps on the Itallan front. ‘There were combat veterans in the great column, and two of the squadrons were led by World War aces. At the head of the division flew the first mili- tary pllot in the United States, and in the van were 69 flying cadets from the Alr Corps School at Kelly Field, Tex. embryo Army fiyers who have not ye! won their wings. There were National Guard pilots from every corps area, dying the 99 Guard observation planes | Noted Flyers Here. ‘There were veterans of a number of the most stirring peace-time exploits of the Army flying in or accompanying the column as observers. Men who flew in the Army around-the-world flight, the South American good-will expedi- tion. the flight to Alasta and return, California to Hawali, and the men who participated in the highest two-man al- titude fiight in history and other not- able aviation achievements were here with the aerial army. Every type of service airplane used in the Air Corps was to be seen in the various squadrons, as were the shields of a great majcrity of the combat squadrons and special detachments of the service. Many of these shiclds, after the historic practices of heraldry, recount the story and outstanding feats of the squadrons. Many of the famous squadrons were in the pursuit wing at Bolling Field, where 43 staff sirplanes, flown by the ccmmanding genetal and his chief of staff, ofiicers of the G-1, G-2, G-3 end | G-4 branches of the staff and officers | of the special staff also were quartered. Have Duty of Attacking. The First Pursuit Wing 1s composed | of mzny of the famous fighting squad- | rons of World War days and is divided | into three grcups, the First Pursuit| Group; 20th Pursuit Group and 101st | Pursuit Group, equipped with 200 single | seater pursuit planes of the Boeing | P-12 and Curtiss P-1 and P-6 types. It is the duty of the pursuit squadron: to shoot Gown and destroy enemy air craft and thus protect their own air- | craft and ground forces. They must be | fast, maneuverable at high altitudes and ! have a_ high ceiling. They must be vowerfully built to stand the terrific | strains to which they are put when in combat. The ist Pursuit Wing is commanded | by Maj. G. H. Brett, with Maj. G. E. Brower, Ma). C. L. Tinker and Capt. J. ! K. Cannon &s his group commanders. Squadrons Form Groups. The 1st Pursuit Group, veteran group of the Army, is composed of the 17th, s | U STAR, "WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, MAY 30 Only Five G. A. R. Veterans in Parade UNION SURVIVORS AND AI'IIICAN‘IIGION COLOR BEARERS IN PROCESSION. parade. and John H. Shepherd. Lower: American Legion color bearers as they appeared in the march down Pennsylvania 27th, 94th and 36th Pursuit Squadrons and 1s stationed at Selfridge Field, | Mount Clemens, Mich. Thes 20th Pur- | suit Group hails from Mather Field, ' Sacramento, Calif., and is composed of | the 55th and 77th Pursuit Squadrons, with the 95th Pursuit Squadron at- tached from Rockwell Field, Calif. The 101st Pursuit Group is a pro- visional organization composed of fly- ing cadets, flight instructors and others from Kelly Field, Tex., home of the Air Corps Advanced Flying School. It is| composed of the 201st, 202d and 203d ! Pursuit Squadrons. 0 BROUGHT TO END 200,000,000 Bushels on Hand A count for $90,000,000 Esti- mated Deficit. By the Assocteted Press. s CHICAGO, May 3).—Federally financed purcaase of wh-at, which steried in Frbruery, 1930, came to an end yester- cay. The Farm Board's Grain Stabiliza- tion Corpor:tion was in pcssessicn of | 200,000,600 bushels of grain. = At the closing price of July deliverles statisticians est:mated the deficit wouid i approach $90,000,000, and that monthly | carrying charges of $4.000,000 would be | added until dispesition of the holdings is made, George Milnor, president of the Grain Stabilization Corporition, In a state- ment, said the market for May futures, which ended today. clsed at 8314 cents a bushel, compared witn the minimum price of 81 cents, &t which the corpora- tion had “stablized” tne crop. The | price of cash wheat, he said, also has | been ma'ntained on & comparative level with the futures. : g KILLS FOUR CHILDREN Man Wields Ax When Wife Calls Him for Work. - RYBNIK, Silesta, May 30 (#).—When | th Robert Skorupa's wife awakened him today, urging him to go to work, he flew into a rage and grabbed an ax. Then, police sald, he klled four of his children and badly injured two oth- ers. He tried to end his own life, but only succeeded in wounding himself. He was taken to a hospital for the in- ra rel Jol th M to A. E. CLIFT DIES End Comes to Georgia Central President at Savannah. SAVANNAH, Ga., May 30 (®.—A.! E. Clift, 61, president of the Central | of Georgla Rallway, died here at 5:30 | am. today. Mr. Clift had been in ill health for several weeks, and on May 25 he under- ve! of me Chapter. Association. from Philadelphia. dent Smith W. Brookhs speaker at (he exercises held in the na- | address and tional cemetery of the United States prayer. Soldiers’ Home, under the direction of | B. F. Motley. United Spanis programs were held during the early morning at_ Congressional | Holy Rood Cemetery, Oak Hill Ceme- | the morning and noon hour_included ter: Msry an and visitors from nearby places, many of whom had assembled for the aerial demonstration of Army planes. Relief Corps, | Sous of Untom Veterans, and the savite | i to the flag and the oath of allegiance, | Rev. Howard E. Snyder, department | | chepiain, American Legion, will deliver IN HONOR OF DEAD fficial Ceremonies to Be Held in Open-Air Amphi- theater at Arlington. (Continued From First Page.) _ Congressional Medal Men's A committee from the Woodrow Wil- son Foundatior, under the chairmanship | . of Mrs. Charles Hamlin, visited Bethle- | clude “There Is No Death.” by Dorothy | hem Chapel at 9:45 c'clock and placed 'Shermen Pierson, solot wreaih on tke tomb of the war Presi- The Columbia Broadcasting Co. dioed Bishop X ‘its coast-to-coast Dok to Deliver Address. This efterroon at 3:15 o'clock in Ground Nationzl Cometery Sce- tary of Labor William N. Doak will deliver the Memoris] day address. These Com: exercises will be under the direction of | 1escr hn M. Kline, sr, senior vice com- mander of the G, A. R. The 3d U. S. | Guy'V. Henry Garrison, Army and Navy Cavalry Bznd will play. At 9 oclock this morning Senator art of Towa was the ‘department commander, A War Veterans. Other Cemetery, Glenwood, Prospect Hill and St. Cemeteries. This afternoon ere will be emn: izl Cemctery Cr. Emmet J. Scott, forme=}v spe:ial & s'siant to the Secreiary of War, will be e rpeaker. Despite the adyer: @ sun =2y gave =o evidence of -2rs to mar the program for veter- s and the hosts of Weshingtoniens Over the network of the National Broadeasting System the addresses at the Arlington exercises will be conveyed thousands throughout the country. Wreaths Put on Tombs. ‘Before they began, representatives of wore than 22 national patriotic and teran organizations had assembled within the white marble columns of the | amphithester. were preceded by the traditional plac-| ing of wreaths cn the Tomb of the Un- | known Unicn Soldiers of th> Civil 'War ad on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier But the main exercises the World War. Assembling et Arlington Mansion, embers of th: Grand Army, Women's Daughters of Veterans, weather forecast, | sicteioiy ey Before the days of Columbus two nations south of us had built up states comparzble in some respects with the European peoples of the day. In what lis now the United States and Canada there was but & of > went an operation for an abdominal aliment. He came to the Central of Georgia in 1929 from the Illinols Central Rail- road, where he had risen from a brake- man to vice president. CAR CRASH HURTS WOMAN Man Held on Three Traffic Charges at Decatur Heights. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. DECATUR HEIGHTS, Md., May 30. —Mattie Jeffries, 2700 block of Sher- men avenuz, suifered a cap and Henry Myers of Weashington was ertested on three traffic charges following a collision at the intersection of the Landover road and Defense Highway early yesterday. Constable Andrew Gasch, who made the errest, charged Myers with leaving the scene of an accident, reckless driv- ing and driving without a permit. His bond was set at $1,200. The injured woman was taken to Casualty Hospital by the Prince Georges County rescus squad. broken knee | Ladies of the G. A. R. and all auxiliaries marched to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers of the Civil War, nearby, and conducted Iimpressive exercises. ~Mrs. Addie Wheeler Hicknan was in charge. At noon before the Tomb of the Un- known Soldier of the World War wreaths were placed at 15-minute in- tervals by representatives of the Vet- srans of Foreign Wars, the American Legion and the Disabled American Vet- erans. A Marine trumpter will sound assem- bly at 12:45 o'clock for the exercises in_the amphitheater. Departmental Comdr. Mawson of the G. A. R. will call the assemblage to order and introduce James G. Yaden, past departmental commander, Span- ish-American War Veterans and presi- dent of the Memorial Day Corporation, who will preside thereafter. Miss Jeanmette E. McCaffrey will sing “The Star Spangled Banner.” This is the first Memorial day on which the famous song has come Wwithin its own as the national anthem of the United States, Congress having approved it as such during the last session. After the presentation of colors, led by Percy Parker, color the — of the invocation | Gen. Logan's order establishing | Memorial day will be read by Lee T.| Turner, depertment commander, Dis- | ebled American Veterans of the World War. Mrs. Elsie Jorss Relley, president | Federal Auziliery, Veterans of Foreign | Wars, then will sing “Sleep, Soldier Bov.” followed by the reading of Lin- ccin's Gettysburg address by Harlan Wood, pasi department commander of | the Am-rican Legion. Accompanied by the Marine Band, | Ruby Smith Stabl vill sing the | s'cnel” and the 4rst address of the dey vill be delivered by Gen. Drain, t retional commander of the Amer- Aft-r his address, Gertrude Lyons will | sing “Eoldiers’ Day Is At Its Close” and | Represen ative Johnson then will de- liver the second addre: Other numbzrs of program in- | remarks by | william L. Thomas, depariment com- mander, Vetorens of Foregn Viars; iction by Rev. V. C. Anderson, de- nariment chaplain, Veterans of Foreign Wars, end the singing of “America” by | the audience, | Services Held by Union. | _In the northcast section of Arlington 'y, at 11:30 o'clock, a section d for colored soldiers of the Civil War, sorvices were held by the Gen. | Unicn, with™ July McHenry Auxiliary, | assisted by American-Spanish War Ve |erans. Willlam T. Conray made the| Rev. W. H. Coston read the | At 12:30 o'clock special services were | |to be conduct:d in the section at the| | graves of James Reece Europe, James | E. Waljer and Col. Charles Young. | | " Olher services at Arlington during | those about the mast ¢f the Battleship | Maine, under the direction of Admiral | George Dewey Camp, No. 7, Spanish | War Vetersns. Comdr. P. J. Calan| deliverei the address. An anchor of | r; was laid by Comdr. Callan i 3 s by Mrs. Ida Kimmerling, pre-ident of the eauxiliary, and Mrs. | Augusta W. Newland, chief ruler of | the Linzal Society. The Elks Boys Band furniched music and Chaplain Eugene Doleman officiated. The Weshingicn Chapter, American Institutz of Architects, & brief | service at 9:45 o'clock at the tomb of Maj. Peter Charles L'Enfant, designer of the City of Washington and friend of George Washington. Lieut. Col. U. 8. Grant, 3d, director of Public Buildings and Grounds, the speaker. Immediately afterward the delegation went to Congressicnal Cem- etery for similar services at the grave of James Hoban, architect of the | Write House. At ths noon hour, the National Bicadeasting Co. broadcast patriotic addresses by Representative Sol Bloom of New Yok, associatz director of the Weshinglon Bicentennial Commission | and Mrs. Lowe'l Fletcher Hobart. presi- dent general, National Society Daugh- ters of the American Revolution. The ceremony conducted by the Greco-Americans was held in the nam= of 500,000 persons of Greek origin in this country, particularly the 65.000 Greco-Americans who served America during the World War and the 30,000 members of the American Hellenic Edu- cational Progressive Association. Soterios Nicholson, as chairman of the National Committee of the Order of Ahepa placed the tablet u the Tomb of the Unknown Sok Besides the Greek Minister, Mr. ulos, the ceremonies were attended by Senator Wwilliam H. King of Utah, who is a member of Ahepa; Maj. H. L. Robb, Assistant Engineer Commissioner of the District; Cept. Wil'lam E. Bergin, reprecenting the War Department, and other Army and Navy officials. 3 Detroit Trio in Ontario Hurt. LONDON, Ontario. May 30 (#)—The Misses tznse and er Bruer and Miss Louise, Schneider, all of Detroit, were in St. Joseph's Hospital today critically injured an early morning automobile collision near n. Pour | present other all living here, also were PPER: Five of the few remaining survivors of the Grand Army of the Republic, who were in the Memorial dl,\" Left to right: J. A. McDowell, oldest veteran in the District; Comdr. S. G. Mawscn, John T. Ryan venue. —Star Etaff Photo. CHANGE IS STUDED BY PRESBYTERIANS General Assembly May B2 Cut From 924 to 560 Mem- bers Under Plan. | By the Associated Press. PITTSBURGH. May 30.—Radical change in the form of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America came before that organization today. Embodied in a report of the gen- eral council of the church, the change would reduce the number of commis- sloners to the assembly from 924 to 560, resulting, the council said, in a saving of approximately $40,000 in ex- penses for each assembly, be-ides facil- itsting administraiive details. The session is esttmated officially as costing the church epproximately $80.000. ‘The report is expected to be sent down to the Presbyteries. Feminine Membership Considered. Change in the general council was initiated yesterday's session. when a council report recommending pro- vislons to permit women to assume membership cn the council. was re- ferred to a committee. First debate of the session broke, however, with proposals frcm the coun- cil that Presbytery and synodical boards on vacancy and supply be set up to attempt to sdlve difficulties be- tween pastors and their congregations which, termed the “sorest spot” in the church, were attributed, not to finan- cial disiress and theological misgivings on the part of mini-ters, but rather to purely personal fecling between them and their communicants. The plan, however, was adopted finally, though Rev, Charles F. Van Horn, Honey Brook, Pa. insisted on submission of the plan to the presby- teries, charging that its operation would result in domination of ministers by a hierarchy cf bishops. Local Evangelism May End. Although overtures already have been received asking the assembly to order studies of unemployment, there was no cpposition to a general council repcrt off.red through Dr. Hugh nson Kerr, Pittsburgh, retiring moderator, calli for emj on Christian dis- cipleship rather than legislative acticn in efforts to solve that social problem. An end to the system cf local evan- gelism in effect since 1893 was seen also at yesterday’s sesslon, when it was officially reported that an overture au; thcrizng abolition of the system had been adopted by the presbyteries of the church. Ratification cf the report alone remains. Another overture offered by the gen- council proposed abandonment Cf the present system of licensure of those deemed inadequately prepared for the ministry. BRONX GUNMEN KILLED Slayers Invade Harlem to Corner Fighting Victim in Auto. NEW YORK, May 30 (#).—Gunmen today again invaded the Harlem neighborhood where two were killed by machinegun bullets Thursday night. Toiay they shot to death a man be- lieved to be Peter Coll of the Bronx. ‘The victim, cornered in his autcmo- bile, jumped out and began firing in self-dsfense, but the answering fusil- lade of bullets wound him in the head and body. He died almost instantiy. ‘Thursday's killing was blamed by po- lice on either a beer price-cutting war or trouble among policy racketeers. ‘The air Army and Navy are entirely unita. s 5 forces of the United Sta tes rate tenced to f o FHT SCHEDULES STR HARBOR EAACE Newfoundland Comr;lunlty Has Summer Dates Filled. Five Events on Record, By the Associated Press. HARBOR GRACE, Newfoundiand, May 30.—This community's schedule of Summer excitement is full, now that it has been chosen as the taking-off place for five impending transatlantie flights. Ocean fiyers are “old stuff” to Har- bor Grace, but the town isn't scphisti- cated to the extent of being superior to them. Since 1927, five major expeditions have started from here over the great circle course. Other Newfoundland points have seen the beginnings of five other outstanding attempts to beat the North Atlantic, the first having taken place in 1919. Three Ol Orehard Staris. Old Orchard, Me., another jumping- off place, has witnessed the start of three major attempts. Harbor Grace's list includes the ex- peditions of William F. Schlee snd Wil- liam Brock in 1927 (successful); Capt. Terry Tully end Licut. James V. Med- calf, 1927 (never reported): Lieut. Comdr. H. C. MacDonald, 1928 (lost); U. F. Diteman, 1928 (lost), and Capt. Errcl Boyd and Lieut. H. P. Conror, 1930 (down on Scilly Islands). Old Orchard was the starting place for Lloyd Bertaud, James Dewitt Hill and Philip Payne in 1927 (lost): Jean Assolant Rene Lefevre and Armeno Lotti in 1929 (successful), and Roger Q. Williams, Capt. Lewis A. Yancey, 1929 (successful). At Other Points. Expeditions starting from New- foundland points other than Harbor Grace include the flights of Hawker and Griev, three Navy N. C. fiying boats, Alcock and Brown, De Pinedo and Amelia Earhart, Wilmer Stultz and Louis Gordon. Newfoufidland is the favorite jump- ing off place because it's the lasi land on the great circle course, being 900 miles closer to Europe by the air route than Old Orchard. ‘The aviators who have announced | their intention of taking off from here | shortly are Ruth Nichols, Wiley Post |and Harold Gatty, John Henry Mears {and Vance BErceze, Otto Hillig and i Holger Hoirils cad Alexander Magyar |and Capt. George Endres. 'WORK CUTS ADOPTED IN RAIL BROTHERHOOD jSh:h in Trainmen's Hours, Due in | About 30 Days, Will Give 0ld Jobs to 10,850 Men. By the Acsocicted Press. HOUSTON, Tex. May I0.—The Biotherhood of Railroad Trainmen to- day had agreed on a reduction in the | members’ working hours, expressing the | belfef it wculd furnish employment to lpp;cxxmlte)y 11,000 men now cut of worl President A. F. Whitney said the re- duction wou'd take effoct as socn as the brotherhcod chairmen for tie va ous raflways r-turned home fr: national convention and conferrcd w.th ! rail_exccutives, or in about 30 day: The resclution was adoptd last | igint. It is equivalent to an order t> a'l mem- bers. By its prcvisions members in yard service wculd b> limtad to 26 dajs or 200 hcurs a month. Membcrs in fre'ght service would be limited to 3,500 miles, cr the equivalent monthly, and | members in passenger service to 3,500 i miles. Whitney estimated the number of {men to be trus re-employed at 10850 At the beginning of the convention about three weeks ago, it was announced that 41,000 members of the brother- hood were out of work. The convention will be adjourned in threz or four da; ROW UPSETS FLORIDA LEGISLATIVE SESSION Two Rerresentatives Taken From Chamber After Bloedy Fist Fight. By the Associated Press. TALLAHASSEE, Fla.. May 30.—ep- resentative J. Tom Watson, Hillsborough County, and R. C. Horne, Madison County, fought with fists on the. floor of the Florida House of Representatives last night. The men, both bleeding about the head, were separated after more than a dozen Representatives tried for sev- eral minutes to part them. Horne was taken from the chomber, but Watson, after being bandagad with a handkerchief, continued his argu- ment for 5 minutes, woen the House adjourned in confusion. ‘The fight started as Watson spoke to A point of personal privilege in regard to what he termed an aitack by Horne on the mntegrity of the House. Horne objeced to the trend of Wat- son's talk. ‘Watson had been ejected from the Chamber by the sergeant at arms earli- er in the day after an argument with Speaker Lewis. PAIR GETS F(;UR-YEAR TERMS FOR ROBBERIES Richard Miller and Lee Leaman Hear Sentences for Holding Up Filling Stations. Richard Lowell Miller' and Lee Brid- well Leaman, each 22, were sentenced yesterday by District Supreme Court Justice Peyton Gcrdon to serve four years each in the penitentiary on two charges of robbery. Sentence was fixed at four years in each case, but were al- lowed to run concurrently. Miller and Leaman were surprised by policemen in a scout car as they were robbing and tying Clarence S. Muse, in charge of a flmna'ul.flon at Wi consin avenue and indom place in the early morning ¢f May 3. They had taken $43.33 from Knight. On April 18 the two men held up Henry T. Knight, the manager of a filling station at First street and New York avenue northeast. Jesse O’Shipley, 29, who pleaded gullty to an attempt to rob the main office of the Western Union Telegraph Co., at 708 Fourteenth street on ths | evening of May 12, was also sent to the penitentiary for four years by Justice Gordon. He did not have a gunm, but held his hand in his pocket in such manner as to indicate to Roy F. Barnes, the night manager, that it was a pistol. ! When Shipley asked Barnes to open the safe he was told to do it himself, but he ran into the street, where he j was arrested. Five “Intellectuals” Sentenced. ROME, May 39 (P).—Five of the seven “intellectuals” on trial for of- fenses against the state tcday were sen- rom 6 to 20 years 8 Thae others weea