Evening Star Newspaper, February 28, 1931, Page 4

RONE APPROVES GRTISH NAVY PLIN With France Agfeeing, Lon- don Accord Will Become Five-Power Treaty. _First Page) versations in Rome, and for this reason it was believed that the meeting to- morrow between M. Briand and Mr. Henderson would be more a matter of form than of detail. The London naval treaty. signed last April, prescribes limitation and reduc- tion of naval armament fer the United States, Great Britain and Japan, and agreement cn some phases of the naval disarmament _problem three nations, France and Italy. Three Signed Full Text. The first three signatories are parties to the limitation and reduction agree- France and Italy signed only ting to ‘“‘humaniza- 5, a capital ship hol- iday and certain other technical phases. December 31, 1938, is set as the term; nating date of the treaty. Under the limitation clauses 8-inch un cruiser tonnage is fixed at 180.000 or the United States; 146,800 for Great Britain and 108,400 for Japan. Six- inch gun cruiser_tonnage, United States, 143,500; Great Britain, 192.200; Japan, 100,450, Destroyers, United States and Great Britain, 150,000; Japan, 590. Submarine tonnage is equal at 52,700 for each of the three. There is a saferuard clause which, while it does not speeifically mention France and Italy, was inserted to pro- tect Great Britain against bullding by those powers. It provides that if and during the term of the treaty the secur- ity requirements of any signatory are materially affected by new construc- tle by powers other than the signa- tories, that party may notify the other signatories as to the increase required in its tonnage, and the other signatories thereupon may make proportionate in- creases in their own tonnage. Henderson Is Boomed. Ttaly declined to join a five-power t unless France recognized the prin- ciple of Itallan parity with her navy. Prance declined to meet this condition, which meant French inferiority in the Mediterranean, since France is obliged to_keep ships in colonial service, an obligation which does not rest updn Ttaly. As'a sequel to the apparent sucoess of the negotiations, Mr. Henderson today was mentioned widely as a candidate among those | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., My Experiences in the World War BY. GEN. JOHN J. PERSHING, Commander in Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces. |Many Officers Are Found to Be Unfamiliar With Tactical ~ Leadership Required in France. ALLIES COMMENT ON UNFIT GENERALS High TributePaid Colored | Troops in Answering| False Stories in U. S. of Their Treatment. CHAPTER XLVIIL HE 32d, 35th, 42d and 77th Divi- | I slons were now in training under | the recently organized 3d Corps. | Especial effort was being made | to hasten their preparation in | both staff and line in anticipation of | an early call for more serious service. | I inspected these troops June 19-22, 1918, and my impressions were favor- able, although & number of officers were | found unfamiliar with the principles |_;l | tactical leadership. In such hastily | trained units this was hardly surprising, | especially in view of the known defects of the instruction at home. Many were found with but slight ap- preciation of the natural defensive pos- sibilities of a given position. Some ba talion and even regimental commanders | had not thought to ascertain the exact | location of their front lines, and of course had failed to work out the de- tails of preparation against a possible attack. My predilection for detailed in- struction in minor tactics, growing out of my previous personal supervision of training in both small and large units led me quickly to discover deficiencies. Leadership Was Problem. On all these visits I emphasized the importance of understanding basic prin- ciples of both offensive and defensive measures, stressed provision for mutual | support among units, and above all the | importance of establishing every pos- sible means of communication among the different elements of a command. So much depends upon the leader of an organization that the process of se- lection of the more capable and the for the presidency of the International Disarmament Conference to be held in 1932, 8. TO 0. K. ACCORD. Japan Expected to Take Same Position on Treaty. The plan for the adhesion of France and Italy to the London naval pact, if satisfactory to Great Britain, is ex- pected at the State Department -to receive the approval of the United States. Pending receipt of detalls of the settlement, high State Depart- ment officials declined today to com- ment publicly. They have sought dur- ing the past week's Anglo-French and Anglo-Ttalian negotiations to learn from numerous reports abroad the exact status .of the discussions designed to fulfill the purpose of the London Naval Conference—a five-power naval agree- ment. It was considered probable that the exact status of the indirect, tentative Italian-Prench naval relationship will not be known until a full report is Teceived from either Paris or Rome. ‘The attitude of officfals was, however, that the United States, having attained the ciple of parity with. Great BHMKI, would be willing to accept an ment acceptable to the British, Who are. more rectly concerned over the relationship of their navy to that of Prance and Italy than is United States. .l'lpm is expected to take the same tude. The attainment of even the tentative agreement was considered to mark fur- ther progress toward the fulfillment of the aims of the London conference than anything so far. l Although e American interest in the forthcoming League of Nations general disarmament conference is not considered as important as that of some European nations, officials said today they considered a working out of the Pranco-Italian problem, even if it went no further than its present status, would &t least partially lift a cloud which would hang over the conference in 1932 if it opened without any semblance of agreement on navies between France and Italy. Vatican Glad of Success. VATICAN CITY, Pebruary 28 (#).— The Vatican issued a statement today, after the announcement that a naval accord had been reached, saying that it had been following the negotiations with the closest attention and had given its most fervent prayers for their suc- | cess. Prayers for a conclusive settlement, ‘which would do much for world pacifi- cation, would be continued, it concluded. ADVERTISING UPHELD AS RELIEF TO SLUMP Head of Federation Indicates When Ads Are Maintained Up- turn Is Aided. B the Associated Press. PHILADELPHIA, February 28 —Wal- ter A. Strong, publisher of the Chi- cago Daily News and chairman of the board of the Advertising PFederation of America, told the Poor Richard Club last night that advertising “not only stimulates the volume of immediate business, but sows good seeds for fu- ture business™ In three out of seven business de- pressions in the last 20 years, he said. advertising was drastically reduced and the ensuing declines in business were “deep and long” while in four in- stances there were only moderate re- ductions in advertising and the “fol- lowing declines did not last so long or go so deep.” “Our whole study of the hard facts of the business depressions of the last two decades,” Mr. Strong said, “seems to indicate to the open mind that one potent method of accelerating recovery i '-hrm*h the appeal of advertising: that advertising will lessen the evils of fon, shorten their tenure and quicken the return of prosperity.” SALESMAN IS INJURED Brother-in-Law Held on Charge of Assault. Elmer Cannon, 34-year-old salesman, ©of 1350 Emerson street northeast, was in & serious condition at Emergency Hospital today as & result of a skull fracture sald to have been received when he quarreled with his brother-ine law last night. ‘The _brother-in. Bernard Ma- ire, 34, of 411 G street, was taken custody by police of the sixth pre- elimination of the unfit were constantly in operation. A competent leader can get _efficient service from poor troops, while an incapable leader can demoral- ize the best troops. Training in quiet sectors in associa- tion with French divisions, upon which they laid so much stress, Wwas often dis- appointing, as French units coming out of the battle line, tired and worn, were not active and failed to set an example of aggressiveness, which we were striv- ing to inculeate in our units. Of course, our own officers were im- imediately responsible, but they were often handicapped by the lethargy and laxity of the French. After consider- able experience it was the inevitable conclusion that, except for the detalls of trench warfare, training under the French or British was of little value. Needed Open Training. The adherence at home to instruction in trench warfare that was advocated by French instructors left us to teach open warfare. This was & task not easily overcome in the brief time that could be devoted to training after troops begun to arrive in large numbers, under circumstances that demanded their early entry into active participation in opera~ tions. 1 had continued to insist that this question be given serious atten- tion by the War Department. The following extract from & cable sent to Washington June 20 seems t: p““""x"‘l"'lznrelmnl for sending men with insufficlent instruction are fully ap- preciated in view of the large incr o number of troops sent over during t three months, and the inequalities m‘mlmn' are fully considered here. The plan of separating recently drafted men from divisions and giving them 1 training for a longer period than others before being Jzut in the line has already been adopted. It will, how- ever, Teduce the fighting strength con- siderably of t:evlel" divisions to be or- dered into the line. “This situation emphasizes the im- rtance of establishing the rule at Kgme of keeping divisions intact, both as to officers and enlisted men, from the time they are organized until they are sent to France. The plan of using divisions through which to pass large numbers of men for instruction is very detrimental to thorough training of the divisions. It need not be pointed out that it takes much time to consolidate a division into a homogeneous fighting unit and bufldk,up di‘ul‘ ‘Mpflz.omfi?no;t without exception, division o ers ton"l lain pof the methods that have been followed. I recommend that in future the training of replacements and of special troops of all kinds be kept distinct from that of divisions. Changes Policy Too Late. “Our inspections of divisions recently arrived ‘show that the training is un- [ even and’ varies much in different di- | visions. It appears superficial in many | cases and generally lacks spirit and | aggressiveness. In most of these di- visions little attention has been given to training in open warfare, and in this | regard younger officers are especially | deficient. The training appears to have | been carried on in a perfunctory way | and without efficient supervision. The general impression is that division of- ficers have leaned too heavily Prench instructors, whose ideas are not ordinarily in accordance with our own With good intent, no doubt, the War | Department in July by cable stated | that the policy of keeping divisions in- | | tact weuld be followed, although the | harm WA already been done, as most | of the divisions that served abroad had departed by that time or were sent soon | afterward. After visits to units that had lately | joined, further attention was given to the physical qualifications necessary in | our higher officers. The British and French both had commented unfavor- | |ably upon the evident inactivity of | | many and even the infirmity of & few | | of the officers who had been sent over during the preceding months to observe and study conditions at the front. It had been proved over and over again by the allles that only the strong- est could stand the continuous and nerve-racking strain of actual battle Many of the disasters that had come {to the allies were due in large part Ito the lack of energy and alertness on the part of older commanders, who often falled to exercise that eternal personal supervision and tactical direc- | tion necessary to success. Recommends Age Limit. M. Clemenceau himself, then 76, said that the French had made a lel’\cmni service whom they later had to retire in_considerable numbers. It was a question m;l m‘eor!ly of ::el'l ing able to pass a perfunctory med! examination, but vigor, stamina and the instincts of leadership were re: quired. Inactive officers Dnlg threw ex. tra burdens upon their staffs. We had too long been accustomed in our serv- ices to regard a general officer’s posi- g&x:uommdmmnwlreu- Y. Not a few of the older officers, upon being called to command, oc- cupled themselves too much with minor matters of administration, others with o cinct after an inv tion and was booked on s charge assault. Ma- guire, accord to police, threw a lamp = Cannon, him on the head. supply, to the neglect of personal super- vision of instrug of their commands in the tactical requirements of battle. It was the exception to find such men |at home were being told that Negro error in retaining old officers in lhe] Yanks bringing in German prisoners, s LR equal to the active command of troops. 1 had early recommended that offi- cers beyond the age of 40 for brigadiers and 45 for major generals should 1ot be selected for active command in France except in rare instances. It | had become no longer a question of theory. Yet up to the end valuable time was spent in attempts to prepare such officers for service—time which should have been devoted to the train- ing of more promising material. All questions of policy were as far as possible taken up with the Secretary of War, My experience in_ attempting to cover such matters by cable to the Sec- retary furnished conclusive evidence that the best way to get them before him was through direct mail corre- spondence. as, frequently, cabled re- quests were acted on without his knowl- edge and often in & manner adverse to the best interests. One of these questions was that of promotion to the grade of general officer. Asks Reconsideration. After frequent attempts to obtain the romotion of several colonels whose abilities had been thcroughly tested in active service, and having failed to get| thelr names included in a recent list of promotions, I sent a cable asking a reconsideration of my recommendations, suggesting that it be shown the Secre- tary in person, I also wrote the Secretary imme- diately, giving him my point of view and explaining just what the promo- tion of tried officers with the armies would mean to 'mcienc;‘ in my com- mand. In a letter from him some time later it was clear that the cable had not been submitted to him, as he stated in his usual cordial manner that it was his full intention to give every consideration to the men of proved ef- ficiency in France, which was, in prin- ciple, all that I could wish. In practice, however, this was not altogether car- ried out by his subordinates. One subject that caused Secretary Baker some anxlety at that time was giving the press news of our operations in a way that would meet the persistent demands without disclosing the num- bers or location of our forces, and which would “prevent the War Depart- ment from being regarded as suppress- ing and withholding news.” Although necessarily never entirely satisfactory from either the news point of view or from that of morale building at home, this matter was adjusted as far as practicable through the distri- bution to the press by the department of material contained in the periodical communiques published from my head- quarters and cabled to the Secretary, Supply Board Formed, ‘These and such information from my confidential cables on the situation as the War Department thought might be | safely given out furnished thereafter | the basis of information to the press | at home. It was, of course, fully rec ognized among the armies that com- | muniques rarely gave either fully or | frankly all the facts. A complete state- | ment in a communique might often | have discouraged one’s own people and | encouraged the enemy. It was there- | fore natural that communiques by op- posing armies reporting the same en- | gagement were often widely at variance. | My diary notes the establishment of the Military Board of Allled Supply at | this time, June 22, 1918. The principle of co-operation as to supplies in com- mon use among the armies, which I had long advocated, finally was recog- nized after prolonged debate and dis- cussion. The board consisted of one representative from each of the allied armies. It was simply the representa- tive body of the several supply depart- ments of the respective armies, and had nothing whatever to do with actual | procurement. | It was expected to study questions | of supply asd adopt proper measures for the co-ordination of allied resources | and utilities. Our supply officers were enjoined to utilize the services of the board in seek- | ing the equitable allotment of supplies | and in co-operating with corresponding | supply officers of the allied armies, | Col. Charles G. Dawes, who had charge | in a more limited sphere of the co- ordinatigh of our own supply depart- | ments, %as detalled as the American member of the board. Courage of Colored Troops. Cables from the War Department June 22 stated that the colored people | soldlers in France were always placed FINE PLAYER This player-piano the reputation of bei one of America’s finest The original price was over $700. The balance due is much less than half. BALANCE DUE enjoys Department of Accounts 1239 G St. N.W. or Box 112-S, Star Office Notice to Subscribers in Apartment Houses | Subscribers’' wishing the | carrier boy to knock on the door when delivering The Star will please tele- phone circulation depart- ment, National 5000—and instructions will be given for this service to start at ‘hl the most dangerous positions, were | being sacrificed to save white troops, |and were often left on the field to die | | without medical attention. It was not | difficult to guess the origin of this sort of propaganda. As a matter of fact, | none of these troops had been in line except in quiet sectors, Those I had Irecently seen were in fine spirits and | seemed keen for active service. The only colored combat troops in | France were those of the 92d Di- | vision, then in a quiet sector in the Vorges, and the four infantry regi- | ments of the 93d, each attached to a Ffench division. Several individuals serving with the French had already received the Croix de Guerre for con- duct in raids. My service with colored troops in the | Army had left a favorable impression in my mind. In the field on the fron- tier and elsewhere they were reliable and courageous, and the old 10th Cavalry (colored), with which I served in Cuba, made an enviable record there. Under capable white officers and with | sufficient training, colored troops had always acquitted themselves creditably. When told of these rumors the col- | ored troops were indignant, and later F. C. KENDALL WINS ADVERTISING AWARD Harvard Medal Given Publisher for Fair Presentation of Contro- versial Subjects. By the Associated Press. t CAMBRIDGE, Mass.,, February 28.— Frederick C. Kendall, publisher of Ad- vertising and Selling, last night was awarded the Harvard advertising awards | gold medal for distinguished contem- porary service to advertising. The presentation was made at a dinner of the Faculty Club of the Harvard Grad- uate School of Business Administration. The late Edward W. Bok founded the awards, Prof. Melvin T, Copeland, in present- ing the medal to Kendall, said the award was made “for havirig the cour- | age to open pages of his magazine to controversial subjects of vital impor- tance to advertising and presenting both sides fairly; for attacking the use of paid testimonials, which were endanger- they did everything possible to counter- act such false reports. It was grati- fying to learn shortly afterward lhll, Congress had passed very positive legi lation against that sort of propaganda. The following paragraph from a cabl sent at the time is pertinent “Exploit of two colored infantrymen some weeks ago in repelling much larger German_patrol, killing and wounding several Germans and winning Croix de Guerre by their gallantry, has roused fine spirit of emulation throughout col- ored troops, all of whom are looking forward to more active service. Only regret expressed by colored troops is | that they'are not given more dangerous work to do. They are especially amused at the storles being circulated that the American colored troops are placed in the most dangerous positions, and all are desirous of having more active service than has been permitted them s0 far.” ‘Tomorrow: Clemenceau assays for- tunes of nations after the war in talk with Pershing. (Copyright, 1931, T countries by the Noith American Newspaper Allinnce. ~World rights reserved, including the Seandinavian Reprodu or in part prohibited for founding Advertising Arts, thereby presenting & medium for expression of art in business. Other awards were as follows: One thousand dollars to_the Gardner Advertising Co. of New York for the | best national campaign for a specific product; $1,000 to the Northern States Power Co. for the best Jocal campaign for a specific product or merchandis $1.000 to Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn, Inc., of New York, for the best general or institutional campaign; $1,000 {8 Bakelite Corporation, New York, for ne best campaign of industrial products. Bernard Lightenberg, vice president of the Alexander Hamilton Institute, an- nounced that plans had been compieted for presentation to Harvard by friends and admirers of Mr. Bok of a memorial fund to him for the purchase of a por- trait of Bok and of books on advertis- ing for the Harvard Business School, Berlin Sees Marionettes. Marlonettes are having their days, and many nights, in Berlin this season. Anclent and classical plays and fairy tales are drawing large audiences. Guest performances by Ivo Pulhenny have been highly popular. The lighting and stage designing modern, but the figures are operated by human hands and fingers just as they have been for ing the whole fabric of advertising, and centuries. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1931 TRADE BOARD GIVES DINNER FOR SMITH Chairman of Midwinter Meet- ing Committee Honored by Membership. Fred A. Smith, general chairman of the committee of the Washington Board of Trade which prepared and staged the recent annual Midwinter dinter meeting, which attracted about 800 guests, including a number of dis- tinguished personages of the Capital, was paid tribute at & miniature of the original banquet session, given Jast night by the Membership Committee of the trade body. . ‘ Zeppelin Decorations. A program of entertainment by local talent was given and decorations sim- lar to those employed in the annual dinner meeting were employed, to carry out the effect of the voyage on the “BT-4000," a mythical giant Zeppelin representing the Board of Trade and its approximate membership of 4,000. Harry Helwig, chairman of tne En- { tertainment Committee for the annual banquet, acted as master of cer<moules last night and Jerome Barnard, chair- man of the Membership Committee, | presided. ( Mr. Smith was praised by Plitt, president of the trade body; George Offutt, vice president; Mr. Barnard, Mr. Helwig and others. Tokens of appreciadlon inciuded a clock and a likeness of a Zeppelin made of flowers. Motion Pictures Shown. On the entertainment program were st and Willlam Raymond, Erna Anna Green, Fay Allen Ida Ramakis and the “M" Trio. Motion pictures of a number of Board of "Trade events also were shown. President Plitt announced the ap- pointment of J. Mitchell Owens' as chairman of the 1931 Shad Bake Com- mittee. OLD SOLDIER STRICKEN William Morton Dies While Bitting in Room at Home. ‘Taken suddenly i1l while sitting in the recreation room at Soldlers’ Home last night, William Morton, 56-year-old in- mate, dled before medical attention could be summoned. Dr. H. M. Williamson pronounced the man dead, and a certificate of death from natural causes was issued by Coro- ner J. Ramsay Nevitt. George ENTERPRISE SERIAL BUILDING ASSOCIATION 7th St. and La. Ave. N.W. 65th Issue of Stock Now Open for Subscription Money loaned to members on easy monthly payments James E. Connelly James F. Shea President Secretary OYSTER BAR in connection with the Restaurant Pierre Breakfast, Lunch $1.00 ginncr $1.25, $1.50 Anchorage Culsine Connecticut Ave. at'Q St. Autoist Gets Break Traffic Tag Orders Appearance Feb. 31 By the Assoclated Press. PORTLAND, o"t February 28.—There comes a time, the say- ing goes, when every mdn gets a break. C. E. Rockwell got his yesterday—a traffic tag command- ing him to appear in Municipal court at 9 a.m. February 31, SICALSTS PN PENSNSPLANK Emphasis Will Be Put in 1932 on Unemployment Insur- ance, Say Party Heads. Emphasis on legislation for unem- ployment insurance and old-age pen- sions is to be placed in the Socialist | party platform for its presidential cam. paign for 1932, it was indicated at a quarterly meeting of the National Ex- ecutive Committee of the party in the Hamiiton Hotel today. This was emphasized as important in connection with discussions on party organization, which the committee plans to take up during its sessions, scheduled to last through tomorrow. The committee also was planning to consider suggestions from the Socialist and Labor International, of which the British, German, Belglum and Prench Labor and Socialist parties are mem- bers, for a united fight against unem- ployment. Clarence Senior, national executive ated the party favors the Paid on Savings tomers. PROGRESS BASED The 911 F enactment of the Wagner bill for un- employment . Meanwhile, he sald, the party is active in various States to secure the emmctmient of Mr. Sen m t the meetin, 3 lor a that the Socialist party has nmz more in the past year than it did in the six years preceding—from 1923 to 1929. Its congressional candidates in 21 States polled & little less than §00.- 000 votes during the last campaign, he said, as in comparison with approxi- mately 260,000 votes the time before. The committee was scheduled today to consider, in part, items relative to the national delegate conference to meet in Milwaukee in June. ‘Thomas En Tour, Norman Thomas, the party’s, presi- dential candidate in 1928, is on a speak- ing tour in th: West, it was announced. Elght of the 10 members of the ex- ecutive committee were present when it convened in the opening session today, and the other two are expected to ar- rive later, it was sald. In addition to the executive secre- tary, those in attendance were Morris Hillquit, national chairman, who is pre- siding at the committee sessions; | Meta' Berger of Wisconsin, Daniel W, Hoan, the mayor of Milwaukee; Alfred Baker Lewis of Massachusetts, Joseph McLevy, Connecticut; James O'Neal of (I‘;;‘lr York and Joseph W. Sharts of 0. v ‘The two other committee members, expected to arrive later, are James H. Maurer, who is one of the five city councilmen of Reading, Pa., and Lillith M. Wilson of Pennsylvania. 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