Evening Star Newspaper, September 1, 1929, Page 2

1S, RULE CHANCE INPALESTINE SEEN Arab-Jewish Clash May Lead British to Surrender Holy Land Mandate. BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Renunciation of the mandate over Palestine by Great Britain and proffer of it to the United States are regaided in Washington as eventualities which may come out of the sanguinary Arab- Jewish clash in the Holy Land. Neither of these contingencies, it can be stated on high authority, is likely to evoke any enthusiasm in government quarters. But tkey are held to be possibilities, and on that account developments in Palestine are being watched here with interest borcering on anxiety. One phase of the situation which is observed with some concern is tire ris- ing tide of American criticism which is being leveled at Grert Britain. “These tragic events in Palcstine,” as President Hoover called them in his message of sympathy to the great Jewish protest meeting at New York, have stirred the American people to their depths. What would be considered deplorable in ‘Washington would be the fomenting of sentiment leading to an official Amer- ican remonstrance to the British gov- ernment, or which would influence the British to weigh the wisdom of desert- ing_Palestine. Coming at the moment when Anglo- American naval negotiations are at their most delicate stage, any diplomatic action by the United States, which Lon- don might find embarrassing, would be capable of arresting, if not wrecking, the agreement on which both countries are about to get together, Two Results Seen. If the British government should be | moved by British public opinion or hostile foreign agitation to_relinquish the Palestine mandate, Washington authorities foresee two almost certain results: (1) that the idea of the “Jew- ish National Home” would suffer a grave blow, from which it might not be able to recover, and (2) that the United States, as the “second Zionist power,” would be invited to take over the man- date. Most Americans have forgotten that when the League of Nations gave the Palestine mandate to Great Britain, a formal effort was made to make the United States the mandatory power in another former Turkish domain, viz Armenia. It was mainly the famous report of the Harbord Commission thay determined the American Government 1o keep hands off Armenia. The best political and governmental opinion in Washington is overwhelm- ingly to the effect that American pub- lic sentiment would promptly reject any suggestion of a United States mandate in Palestine. The rcasons are obvious and numerous. Over night such a mandate would plunge America into the boiling cauldron of European and Asiatic politics, with immeasurable military and naval commitments as an inevitable consequence. Carry Special Welght. Apart from the significant identifi- cation of Senator Borah, chairman of the foreign relations committee, with them, American remonstrances against alleged British responsibility for the Arab outbreaks against the Jews in Palestine carry special weight in Great Britain because of the influential back- ing the Zlonist movement now col mands in the United States. The gen- erous contributions of American Jews are not only financial sinews at the World Zionist Organization, but they probably account for the lion's share of them. Dr. Chaim Weizmann, the brilliant Zionist leader, has made numerous visits to this country in recent years and fired American Jews, particularly the wealthier among them, with a be- lated, but enthusiastic, belief in the cause.. Up to this year influential non - Zionists if not anti - Zionists, groups of American Jews ranked as but this Summer, under the leader- ship of Louis Marshall, distinguished New York lawyer and chairman of the American Jewish committee, they have Dledged Zionism their support. Dr. Weizmann has had long conferences with both President (then Secretary) Hoover and Senator Borah during his periodical trips to America. Vast Moslem Nation. Authorities in Washington declare there is definite reason to believe that the British would like to get rid of further responsibility for safeguarding the Jewish National Home in Palestine. The British Empire is a vest Moslem power because of its hundreds of mil- lions of Mohammedan subjects in In- dia, Mesopotamia, Transjordiania and other regions in Euroue, Asia and Africa. By assuming the League of Nations' mandate over Palestine and the concurrent duty of seeing the Zion- ist state established there Britain en- countered the undying hostility of the 750,000 Arabs who inhabit the Holy Land—Arabs who consider it as their own country by dint of a thousand years of occupation. Recent events required the turning of British guns on these Mohammedans and the kill- ing of many of them in the suppres- sion of the anti-Jewish riots. ~The whole Moslem world is aflame with an- ger over Great Britain’s action, which was taken in pursuance of its mandate obligations to preserve peace and order in Palestine. But such outbreaks as the present disturbances are bound to convince the British that there is an ever-present danger of what Senator Borah at the Madison Square Garden meeting called “an international sham- bles,” and correspondingly enduring peril to the empire’s Moslem interests. Most authorities acquainted with the Palestinian situation describe the Arab- Jewish differences as ineradicable. All efforts by the Zionist leaders to concil- iate their Mohammedan “fellow cit- izens” have come to naught. The Arabs refuse to see anything but an alien mi- nority and an alien religion placed in a status of preference and domination over the Arab land. They resent it, and their resentment is bitter and deep- seated. It extends beyond the Jews, who are its immediate cause, to the British, upon whom the Arabs look as the abettors of their foes and the archi- tects of their woes. The question which London is believed now to be anxiously asking itself is whether the empire’s vital interests in the East are served by the perpetuation of conditions whici perpetuates this violent discontent in Moslem hearts. Attitude Toward Canal. Great Britain accepted the Palestine mandate primarily because of the Holy Land’s proximity to the Suez Canal and the strategic advantages which flow from British military and naval su- premacy there. But, as_the impending British withdrawal from Egypt indicates, the London government seems less con- cerned over the safety of the Suez than it was in former times. It may well be of the opinion today that the friend- liness of the Moslem world is the best guarantee of the “road to India” that John Bull could want. Mohammedan Mesopotamia, like Palestine, was also mandated to the British empire. But in December, 1927, a treaty was signed between Great Britain and Mesopo- tamia (now called Iraq) by which the British undertook to recognize the country as an independent state. The treaty was prima facie proof of Brit- ain's readiness to exchange its man- date rights for another relationship which it deems of greater advantage. The famous Mosul ofl fields lie within the domains of Iraq. They are con- trolled by the semi-official Anglo-Per- sian Oil Co. . /Current happenings in Palestine—with Mesopotamia as a prece- "_might persuade Great Britain to think that recognition of the Holy Land as an independent Arab state Y ONE OUT OF 20 MOUNTAIN BOYS AND GIRLS KNOWS LORD'S PRAYER Oldrag. Va., l tions Prevailing in | This is the third of a series among some of the mountain people of the pro; Park area—less than a hundred miles from Minister Explains Condi- Highlands—People, He Says, Have Lost Grip on Life. of five articles describing conditions sed Shenandoah National ‘ashington. BY THOMAS R. HCNZY, Staff Corespondent of the Star. ! { the Lord's Prayer. in the neighborhood. He can read and write. The two- room cabin where he lives with his wife and one boy is whitewashed with- | out and spotless within, an embroidered spread covering the bed and enlarged old-fashioned photographs on the walls, It is next door to the schoolhouse i where he used to hold services. The tiny yard is lovely with phlox and sun- flowers. “Kept Their Heads Up.” This man and his family, amid all the degenerating influences of the mountain hollow environment, have “kept their heads up,” never entirely lost touch with the outside world, and lived in comparative comfort. The striking contrast between their home and those of their neighbors illustrates what even a minimum of culture and inspiration can accomplish. The boy even has a checker beard with buttons for checkers. He intends to leave the mountains and be a farmer in the valley because “I like some of my kinfolks there.” Conditions were not always like this in the hollows, says the mountain min- ister. About 30 years ago an old man with a staff, like a prophet out of the Old Testament, tramped over the stony mountain trails with a_heavy burden of tracts on his back. He was a mis- sionary of the Plymouth Brethren from Canada. He stirred up a religious revival. Most of the folks for miles around be came members of the sect. It was then that the minister himself heard the silent call to preach the gospel. But many of the people, especially the families now living in the worst conditions, have back-slid, he -says. There are multiplying signs that the end of time is near at hand, although the preacher sets no date for the pre- dicted event. But he looks forward to the day when the sky shall open over the mountain crags and “the Lord Him- self shall descend from Heaven with a shout.” Have Lost Interest. The people, he says, have lost in- terest. The testaments have disap- peared from the cabins. There is no- body able to read them. Children grow up with no instruction, the people are lazier and the cabins dirtier. No native bellefs have grown up to take the place of the creed of the Plymouth Brethren. A few families go to Bap- tist and Methodist churches in the val- down from the mountains. There is a Plymouth Brethren minister at Old- rag. 5 or 6 miles away. The minister used to hold hymn-sing- ing services at the schoolhouse. The congregation could read neither the words nor the music but after hearing a hymn once or twice some of them always could remember it. His son can sing & hymn pretty well after hearing it only once. - ‘About 2 miles from the minister's house is the Corbin Hollow graveyard. Death comes frequently to the hollows during the Winter. The men of the neighborhood make a rough-hewn coffin and the same individuals lower it into the grave. A mountain boulder is placed at the head and a smaller will be scratched with a jackknife on stone at the foot. Sometimes the year the boulder, soon to be obliterated by moss. Very seldom are there any names or epitaphs. The graveyard is overgrown with brush so that it is ley occasionally, but it is hard to get| OLDRAG, Va., September 1.—Out of a class of 20 children in the Nicholson Hollow School this Summer only 1, according to the teacher, ever had heard This condition was explained in part by a viit to the local minister—a | soft-spoken, kindly old gentleman who “ain’t preached none now for some spell back ‘cause my tecth went back on e and I had ‘ter get 'em all pulled,” but who keeps two cows, practically the only source of milk for the numerous babies indistinguishable a few feet away. There are just the mounds and rocks that one stumbles over. Intense Emotionalism, Sometimes the minister still preaches at the funcrals. These are scenes of intense emotionalism, practically the only emotional outlet for the people during the Winter months. The cus- tom survives of placing in the coffin the objects the dead person most cher- ished 1n life. Miss Sizer, the school teacher, offi- ciated at one funeral in the last com- | munity where she taught on the other side of the mountamn. She read the Episcopal service, There was nobody else available who could read. The dead woman had played with a doll all her life. She was buried with the doll in her arms. Sometimes, accord- ing to the teacher, the emotionalism is so intense that the people tear the | body from the coffin. | . The superstitions of the hollow peo- |ple are vague. One toothless old | woman, whose lover was killed in a | quarrel with her father many years ago, still sees a red flame arising from his grave. Some say there are rem- nants of witcheraft in the hollows, but the people are silent regarding their beliefs. Marry in the Valley. ‘They go to the valley to be married. Sometimes this is the only occasion when the woman gets out of the moun- tains. The people marry young and age rapidly, with the hard living con- ditions, poor diet and constant suc- cession of babies. They are all first and second cousins. Families seldom are broken up. Both fathers and mothers are kind to their children and wail heart-rendingly when a baby dies. But they have nothing to give them, and they lose control of them alto- gether at about the twelfth year, when the youngsters become the mental equals of their parents. The lack of moral training, accord- ing to the school teacher, is very evi- dent in the children. The intense in- dividualism, without a moral code, leads to unrestrained lying and stealing. There is no appeal to the sense of honor. The children seem unable to grasp the conception of honesty and truth, Any worker among these chil- dren, she says, simply must take for granted that anything left unwatched will be stolen. Most of the cabins are utterly deveid of all cultural objects such as books or pictures. But one old woman has taken a mail order catalogue and papered part of her walls with its pages, due to the inspiration of the school mistress. She is finishing the job with old newspapers occasionally dropped on the mountain trails. The paper will Keep out some of the Winter wind: | She takes a pathetic pride in her a tistry and in families like this t possibility of uplift is obvious. Time and distance largely have lost their significance to these people, who just sit and wait. Most of the men have watches, in which, together with their rifles, they. take great pride. But generally the only time measures are the coming of daylight and dark. Curiously enough, there is little ap- preciation of money values. A Wash- ington philanthropist, affected by the sad plight of the mountaineers, found the woman he tried to aid unable to distinguish between a $5 and $20 bill. The yearly income is so slight that the $20 bill was altogether too great a for- tune for her to appreciate. JERUSALEM FEARS NEW OFFENSIVE BY ARABS FROM SYRIA (Continued From First Page.) salem, also was attacked, but British armored cars repulsed the mob. The Jewish position in the Jordan Valley is still reported alarming. small body of troops has been dispatch- ed to Tiberias. Arab tribes are reported still gathering at Senakh. The food and water situation at Safed is said to be bad and there is fear that an epidemic may spread among the Jewish popula- tion numbering 3,000. Fears for the safety for a party of 30 high school Jewish students from Haifa, including 14 Americans, mostly from New York and Philadelphia, who had becn on a cycle tour of Galilee, ended today when they returned safely to Hel8 1@ to the spread of the disturb- ance into the country, they had remain- ed at Metulla near the North Palestine border for three days. Another American Dies. umber of Jewish dead in the Ar’:sent‘:mk at Safed, Galilee, Thursday night was ;nount{nz hourly a&s the unded died. w‘;,-evl Heller, 17, an American, a neph- ew of Solomon Lamport, cotton mer- chant of New York, died this morning of the wounds he received during the Safed massacre. v rning asked the Jewish leaders this mo: % 1; At Pelestine authorities to members of the Palestine police force, whom they charged with using their arms against Jewish refugees they were protecting. The request was made after receipt of a report from Safed that six Jewish refugees, including a 12-years old boy, were wounded in the Safed police court yard when Arab police fired on them. The boy died of his woynds. The police alleged suspicious noises were heard in the court yard. Reports from Galilee today state that Jewish colonies in upper and Lower Galilee are still endangered. The situation of 3,000 Jewish refugees in the police court yard at Safed was described as appalling. ‘The impression produced on the Jew- ish population of Jerusalem by the Safed attack has been tremendous, the Jewish telegraphic agency correspond- ent declared, undermining its confidence in the protection of the British au- thorities, even though a large number of troops and marines are in the country. U. S. TENSION RELAXED. Letter From Consul at Jerusalem Reassures State Department. ‘Tension over conditions in Palestine relaxed considerably at the State De- partment yesterday following receipt of advices from Paul Knabenshue, Ameri- can consul general at Jerusalem, that military measures taken by the British government appeared sufficient to as- cure public security within the city. Although sporadic firing was reported on the outskirts of Jerusalem, the situ- ation in Transjordania was described as less dangerous than heretofore and Mr. Knabenshue said the British au- —_— l would redound to her imperial benefit. The fate of the Jewish national home, it is felt in Washini would be au- tomatically sealed moment Pales- tine came under Arab domination. (Copyright. 1920.) Falling Block Kills Protesting Jew in Rio de Janerio March By the Associated Press. RIO DE JANEIRO, August 31. —A Rio de Janeiro Jew was killed yesterday when struck by a falling block of cement while he paraded with 3,000 others of the Jewish colony here in pro- test at events in Palestine. The manifestants marched through the principal streets and appeared before the British con; sulate and at the Brazilian for- eign office. At the latter place their leaders asked that Brazil use its good offices with Great Britain to secure peace in Jeru- salem. A hundred young Jews, mem- bers of the “Hebrew-Brazilian Legion,” declared they were leav- ing for Palestine to fight against the “persecutors of their race.” thorities expressed confidence that the military forces now available would eaable them to clear up the entire situ- ation. Consulate Guarded. British soldiers have been stationed at the American consulate in Jerusa- lem, the report added. This step was taken to prevent a demonstration against the consulate by frenzied Mos- len. mobs. A letter addressed to Henry L. Stim- son, Secretary of State, asking whether protection would be afforded Americans who were in Palestine on passports from which the oath to defend the Constitu- tion had been deleted, was made public here tonight by H. Ralph Burton, rfin- eral counsel for a number of American patriotic organizations. ‘Writes Second Letter. Mr. Burton disclosed that he had written Secretary Stimson on the mat- ter some time back, but had not received a reply. In his second letter he asked the Secretary of State whether, should it become necessary to send troops to protect Americans in Palestine. the same degree of protection would be given those who took the oath to * fend with arms” the American Consti- tution as those who refused at the time of accepting their passports. The State Department had no com- ment to make on the letter. In view of the fact, however, that there has never been any thought on the part of Presi- dent Hoover of sending American trooj to a country over which Great Brital has a_mandate, well informed quarters regarded the communication as unim- porltmt and unlikely to arouse a f reply. STRAUS AIDS ZION FUND. | Contributes Second $25,000 for Re- lief of Palestine Victims. NEW YORK, August 31 (/).—Nathan Straus, 83-year-old philanthropist, to- day contributed a second $25,000 to & fund being collected here for the relief of Jewish victims of racial confiict in Palestine. The gift brought his total donations to the fund to $50,000. . For helj to catcha -snatcher, 3 hecprz?el.d .h civil ",'1’"5: Oo'I:lpn Green, land, has been presen & clnremnczn by the local police force. MRS. WILLEBRANDT AIDS GRAPE GROUPS Growers Face Tricky Prohleni Over Juice in Crop Distribution. BY WILLIAM HARD. Mabel Walker Willebrandt is out | after the bootleggers again, but this time in company with those eminent prospective vendors of soft drinks, the vineyardists of her home State of Cali- fornia. To the Federal Farm Board, Mrs. Willebrandt has conveyed assurances that the designs of the California vine- yardists in their shipments of the juice of the grape to the wet East are not only in harmony with the Eighteenth amendment but also tively in an- tagonism to the criminal plots of its foes. In their vigorous and valiant efforts to get financially “stabilized” by the Federal Farm Board, the growers of the grapes of California are first get- ting morally “stabilized” by Mrs. Wille- brandt—and also by United States pro- hibition commissioner, James M. Doran. Mr. Doran has just made an epochal speech in California to a great gather- ing of grape growers and shippers. He stated: “The manufacture of fruit juices for home use is perfectly legal. It is the }:w We are going to stay within the = Pride and Hope Arise. ‘The hearts and the purses of his au- ditors are reported to have throbbed in unison with pride and with hope upon hearing these words. Vile aspersions have been cast upon the Eastward- bound carloads of the juice of the grape from the sun-kissed hillsides of the Golden State. It has been whispered that much of the juice trickles into casks in the ccllers of Eastern citics and there stays unquaffed till the un- amended constitution of the world of nature has transformed it into a bever- age_highly repugnant to the principles of Bishop Cannon. Against the conse- quences of such suspicions a militant host of Californians, headed by Donald Conn, president of the California Vine- yardists’ Association, and advised by the distinguished San Francisco lawyer, T. T. C. Gregory, now are watching a de- termined fight in the rooms and ante- rooms of the Federal Farm Board. The situation of the vineyardists is indeed serious. Their industry is one of the great agricultural industries of the country. It has been having an extremely bad time. It encounters the | problem ~ of producing more fresh grapes and more raisins than conveni- ently and prosperousiy can be market- ed. The safety valve for excesses of fresh grapes and of raisins is to squeeze a sufficient number of grapes into juice and then store the juice and sell it in a steady and orderly manner in pro- portion to the permanent market’s ce- mands. In a word, justice is the eco- nomic “stabilization”” of grapes. Yet at that point emerge certain vigi- lant volunteer watchdogs of the Federal Constitution, who bark: Barking Up Wreng Vine. “This juice can be, and is, turned into wine in the cellars and at the marriage | feasts of the lawless and the dissolute. Therefore, the Federal Farm Board | should grant no loan on it.” Mrs. Willebrandt and Dr. Doran, | however, seem to be telling these watch- ! ?xgs that they are barking up the wrong | vine. The fault, it appears, is not in the vineyardists. At any rate, there is no reason why they should burden them- | selves with the fault. They can, and do, wash their hands of all complicity with any vicious element which may take their innocent product and degenerate it to purposes which unredeemed nature may have intended but which the vine- yardists repudiate and resent. “Our plan,” Mr. Conn has stated to this writer, “will tend toward just simply putting the bootlegger out of business.” In Mr. Conn's Washington headquar- ters there is a vast array of vineyard “by-products.” These by-products in- clude jellies and candies and numerous other attractions, but they overwhelm- ingly resolve themselves into one basic idea, which is the grape's juice in bot- tles or in tins or in other containers. The problem is the marketing of that Juice within the law. Upon the solution of that problem hangs the economic fate of 2,560,000 tons of grapes annually coming from vineyards and plants in which $330,000,000 have been invested. ‘The juice, it should be understood, is all full of “enzymes” and also all full of “vitamins,” which occupy a very high social scientific standing. Shipped in a concentratefl and economical form, from which most of the water has been evaporated, this juice can be re-diluted with water and sold as a soft drink to delighted millions at soda fountains or in the grandstands of ball parks. Its precise merit is its “softness” and when Mr. Conn and his associates reflect upon the householder who may buy it in a grocery store and who may then in his cellar change its “softness” into “hardness” they indignantly want to know why the penalties of the sins of the householder should be visited upon them. Leaders Do Their Best. Mrs. Willebrandt and Dr. Doran, as ardent prohibitionists, but also as well wishes of the legitimate economic prosperity of the inhabitants of the commonwealth, seem to have done their best to rescue the California vineyard- ists from the clutches of this cruel sit- uation. The _vineyardists attribute largely to Mrs. Willebrandt the original creative ideas in the comprehensive “grape industry plan,” which they are now presenting to_the Federal Farm Board. From Dr. Doran in California they have just heard the following en- couragement mixed with the following warning: “You have a sound legal basis for the production and shipment of juice from California; but you cannot remain here in California and not pay some atten- tion to the distribution in the Eastern markets. You must spend a little more time checking up in the use of your product in the East. The whole trouble is the uncertainty about how much juice goes outside the home.” The last sentence of Dr. Doran's puts the searchlight on the knottiest knot hole in the Volstead law. Under section 29 of title 2 of that law, as in- terpreted authoritatively by the courts, it is completely legal for the householder to purchase concentrated grape juice and to let it ferment in his cellar with- out any mathematical regard for the hostility to one-half of 1 per cent of alcohol shown by section 1 of title 2; and the householder’s only legal culpa- bility approaches when the julce, or wine, becomes “intoxicating in fact” and when he then propels it into pub- lic conviviality and commerce. Rye and Corn Are Cited. Are the vineyardists of California to be refused a loan by the Federal Farm Board on the large resplendent assets of their new juice c0-0] “Fruit Industries, Incorporated,” simply be- cause some householder in Massachu- setts, after purchaging their product Vols! “dry,” may resell it unstead- ily “wet”? en, by all the Sierras, let the Federal Farm Board refuse to finance the marketing of any corn or rye, which might, like all corn or rye, get feloniously put through a still into the night clubs of New York. Such is the noise that the grape shot of California is making upon the battlements of the Federal Farm Board; and it is instructive to observe that Mrs. ‘Willebrandt 6:!1 al‘ Donn‘ 0 e to be nn{e-ecd on side of timate protection of the prohibitery e::mclple plus the legitimate protection and ad- vancement of a 7 (Copyright. 1920.) i | the faculty at Western Reserve Uni- | W. Schnitzler of Froid, Mont.: R. A. L. LUNG GONGESTION MENAGES POINCARE Former French Premier Is Confined to Bed, in Seri- ous Condition. By Radio to The Star. PARIS, August 31.—Former Premier Poincare, who is suffering from pul- monary congestion, was reported today to be in a much more serious condition than at first had been thought, and the | doctors officlally admitted that he I again was confined to his bed and would not be in a position to_undergo a second operation in the near future. ‘Two prime ministers—Briand and MacDonald—called at his home in the Rue Marboeuf today, but were not al- lowed to see him. They were told he needed a complete rest, and could not be disturbed. M. Bolding, his personal physiclan, declared that there was no reason whatever to be alarmed by M. Poincare’s present condition, since the focus of congestion in the lung was decreasing. It was learned, however, from circles close to the patient, that for several days his temperature has bcen about 102, causing much anxiety to Mme. Poincare, who realizes that his unusu- ally strong constitution has been under- mined by the last three years of all but | superhuman work and the operation performed upen him a month ngo. It is feared that the former pre- mier’s heart may suffer from the strain of high temperature and thus the chances will not be so good for a sec- ond operation, which the doctors admit is expected to be much more dangerous than the first. ‘The seriousness of M. Poincare's state of health was discovered a few days ago when two of his friends occupying high positions in the administration called upon him but were not admitted to see him. They were informed that his temperature was unusually high. Alarmed by such a statement, they insisted upon the need of calling an immediate conference of physicians to investigate the cause of such a sudden aggravation. It was found to be a| congestion of the lung, and measures were taken to isolate the trouble and prevent it from spreading further. It is hoped now that his illness will not last long, but it is certain that M. Poincare will not be in a position to undergo a second operation before the middle or end of October and will not return to public life during the coming Winter, if at all. (Copyright, 1929.) WIND FORCES GRAF TO POSTPONE HOP ‘FOR TIME BEING’| | (Continued From First Page) sengers on board will not be allowed to send press messages. ‘Twenty passengers were booked for the flight, the Graf's fifth crossing of the Atiantic in less than a year. Of these two were women, Mrs. Charles B. Parker of Cleveland, widow of a noted surgeon who was a member of versity, and Mrs. Harry A. Hobson of Logansport, Ind., her niece. Of the other 18 passengers 10 were taking their first journey in the Graf. The civilians in this group are Edward P. Frost, brother of Jack :Frost, who was lost in the Dole air race to Hawaii: Dr. William M. Scholl of Chicago, John Bogan of Syracuse, N. Y.; Paul L. Beck, Baltimore business man; Frederick S. Hogg of Mount Vernon, N. Y., and Al- fred J. Bernheimer, a New York broker. three United veling as guests of the Zeppelin Co. They are: Lieut. Comdr. H. V. Wiley, commander of the Navy dirigible Los Angeles; Lieut Comdr. J. M. Shoemaker, head of the aeronautical engineering service of the Navy, stationed at Washington, and Lieut. Roland G. Mayer of the Navy | Construction Corps attached to the Los Angeles. Two of the passengers, Joachim Rickard of Boston and Madrid, and Heinz von Eschwege-Lichtbert, German newspaper man, traveled in the Graf from Friederichshafen to Lakchurst, went around the world in her and now return to their starting point. The other six started their flight at Friederichshafen when the Graf made the first of its three stops on the world flight and will complete their circling of the globe when they reach the Ger- man airport. They are Dr. J. Mehias, physician to the King of Spain: Lieut. Col. Chris- topher Iselin, retired Swiss army officer; Leo Gerville-Reache, French newspaper man, and H. von Perkeimer, H. Geisen- heimer and Gustav Kauder, German press representatives, and Dr. S. C. Seil- kopf of the Hamburg weather bureau. Favorable Winds for Start. The Weather Bureau tonight issued the following special weather report for the Graf Zeppelin: “Outlook for take-off between 11 o'clock and midnight tonight. Clear sky with gentle to moderate west and south- west winds. On a due east course over the Atlantic, quite favorable winds may be expected as far east as longitude 60; beyond that point probable cloudi- ness and showers, with winds more from the southwes! $25,000 BOND BALKS ZEPPELIN SEIZURE Goodyear Corporation Posts Fund to Forestall Action by Undersheriff. By the Associated Press. NEWARK, N. J., August 31.—Attor- neys for the Goodyear Zeppelin Cor- poration today deposited a $25,000 bond before Supreme Court Commissioner Milton Unger to prevent seizure of the Graf Zeppelin by the sheriff of Ocean County in a $125000 suit brought against the Graf's owners by Otto Hillig, a photographer of Liberty, N. Y. The bond was posted just after Joseph J. Holdman, an undersheriff, had an- nounced his intention of taking posses- sion of the Graf tonight. Holdman said he had engaged Anton Heinen, designer of the dirigible Los Angeles, to fly the Zeppelin out of the Navy hangar at Lakehurst. Holdman declared he would “tie the thing up to a tree.” The undersheriff had served a copy of a writ of attach- ment on Lieut. Comdr. Maurice R. Plerce at the reservatich last night. ‘The commandant was advised by the Navy Department today that the State had jurisdiction to serve the writ. Man Sails on Graf Without Informing Wife of Decision By the Associated Pr LAKEHURST, N. J., August 31. —Harry Vissering of Kenilworth, Il a director of the Goodyear Zeppelin Co. of Akron, Ohio, an- nounced tonight that he had ar- ged with Dr. Eckener to go ng on the flight to Germany in_the Graf zgpg‘e‘un. He said that wife did not Kihe 158 Rooa spore” and. would a, s sport” wo raise no objection. ymen were killed and nine of us, includ- | Peiping and Tientsin in 17 years. | ‘| feet wide. The Marines Who ‘Wouldn’t Fight! Told by Their Commander, “HARD-BOILED” BUTLER This is the first of eight articles in which Maj. Gen. Smey - lington Butler tells the diverting story of the blnodlén mquzndzylcfii‘;fl by the United States Marines he took out there in 1927 to protect Ameri- can lives in the country’s raging civil No. 1—A Scowl That BY SMEDLEY BUTLER. Major General, United States Marine Corps. (Copyright, 1929. by North American Ne: paper Alliance.) ACK in 1900, as a young lieuten- ant iIn command of a company of United States Marines, I was in China. It was during the bloody and fearsome days of the Boxer rebellion. The Boxers, a powerful organization of millions of Chinese, were determined to assassinate all foreigners in China. In a skirmish between a mob of these fanatics and our troops three of our ing myself, wounded. This particuiar battle was fought in Ya Chih Ku, a part of Tientsin, North- ern China. To foreigners the com- munity is known now as Boxertown. At that time I could see no reason for being friendly with the Chinese peo- ple. Every Chinese, as far as we were concerned, was a Boser, waiting an op- portanity to kill & foreigner. At that time, too, I could not under- stand why the United States made so much fuss over the comparatively few Americans in China. In common with many others, I had the hard-boiled idea that if Americans didn't like it in China or felt unsafe there they should | get out and come home. There was no sense, I thought, of the United States going to the trouble | of sending troops to China to protect & few American lives. If there was dan- ger, I felt these Americans should be made to pack up their belongings and | get out or else remain and suffer the consequences. But that was 29 years ago and I was not then old_enough to vote. Last year I was in China again. In- ternal strife there once more endan- gered American lives and caused the President of the United States to send Marines to protect these live: ‘This time I was the senior officer in com- mand of some 5,000 of our Marines. One afternoon last Fall the elders and principal merchants of the same community of Ya Chih Ku, led by a Chinese band making weird noises termed music and followed by a throng of residents, marched up to the Marine headquaiters in Tientsin. I sent my interpreter out to learn what they wanted. After a bit of con- versation he informed me that they had come to give me a blessing umbrella. He added that I had better be careful, as he did not believe they had come to do any such thing, for no other for- cigner in the history of China had re- ceived one, An Ancient Custom. This business of presenting blessing umbrellas is an ancient custom in China. The umbrellas are supposed to be given to a great benefactor, but only with the unanimous consent of the population of a town. In the records of the consul general at Tientsin and the legation at Peiping there is no en- try of such an umbrella having been | given to a foreigner before, and only one had been given to a Chinese in I could not understand why these | people would give me this honor; I/ knew I had not been a pubiic bene- | factor. Besides, I didn’t nced an um- brella nor did I particularly want one. However, with great formality and many long-winded ‘addresses in Chi- nese the notables offered this very elaborate umbrella, because, they said, I had saved Ya Chih Ku from being in- vaded and looted by a hostile army.' After the visitors had finished their | speechmakin_, which the interpreter ! had translated sentence by sentence, 1| started on my little speech of accept- | ance. In my talk I recalled the incident ofj; 28 years before when we had been shot | up, and I even pointed to that part of my anatomy where one of their bullets had found its mark. | Several of these fine, dignified old | Chinese gentlemen bowed their heads and put their hands to their faces as I related the details of that skirmish. I thought I had surely offended them by recalling the incident. I asked the in- terpreter to learn if I had offended and if so to express my humble regrets. After a bit of hurried cenversation he turned to me with a grin, said the | visitors were the very Chinese who had | fired upon us in 1900, and that they | were merely trying to be polite and conceal their amusement as they re- called the happening. This blessing umbrella is of the finest silk and 15 feet high. It is really & gorgeous and beautiful thing. Small silc tassels that hang all about have written on them the names of the elders | of the town, while the main inscription, | in Chinese characters, of course, reads: 0 General Smedley Butler, United States Marines, from the Merchants and Residents of Ya Chih Ku. You have saved a part of Tientsin.” On one of the two banners which| accompanied the umbrella is the in-| seription, “Your kindness is always in| the minds of the people.” The inscription on the other banner “You love Chinese as well as your people.” How He Won the Umbrella. The story of how I won this particu- lar ‘gift is rather strange.” One after- noon, finding time idle on my hands at Tientsin headquarters, I drove off un- accompanied toward Boxertown. where the Standard Oil Co. has an $8,000,000 lant. P We had a detail of Marines on duty at the oil works, as some months before the place had been fired. It had burned three or four days before the Marines could stem the flames. The Marines. incidentally, saved $6,000,000 worth of property by their heroic work as fire- oW men. ~ At that time the Southern, or Can- tonese, or Nationalist Army, having conquered the rich Yangtze Valley, was on its way north to take over Tientsin, Peiping and the surrounding territory, and thus complete its conquest of the Northern forces. As 1 drove along the bumpy old dirt roads I saw groups of men, women and children, all carrying their meager be- longings on their backs, coming from Bozertown toward the heart of Tien- tsin. I paid no attention to them. Reaching Boxertcwn, I found myself in a very narrow street, with no intersect- ing thoroughfares its whole length. Many of the natives, who seemed to be much agitated, recognized the brigade flag which flew from my car and mo- tioned to me apparently to go back. I was moving slowly because of the con- | dition of the road and several of these friendly Chinese ran alongside the car end, this time unmistakably, motioned for me to return. I saw no reason for doing so and I couldn't have turned in that street, planned for nothing larger than a rickishaw drawn by a coolie, because of + its narrowness. It was less than 20 So I continued on, puzzled about the reason for the insistence upon the part of the friendly villagers that I turn back. Soon I realized why they had so urgently waved me to return. Before me loomed suddenly the head of a column of the Southern army. was the army we feared most, for it had shot us up at Nanking and we never knew when some of these troops, many of them undisciplined and uncon- trolled by their commanders, would break loose and attack Americans and other foreigners. There were about 15,000 men in this war. Scattered an Army. particular army, which was marching in to occupy Boxertown and loot the townspeople. Victorious armies in China always loot & town when they . part s particular army, I afterward learned, had not been paid in six months. As ‘the men lived on loot, they were most eager to get into Box- ertown after the long march through the interior northward from the Yang- tze Valley. The presence of the hostile troops accounted for the groups I had seen hurrying toward Tientsin with their worldly possessions. They were trying to escape the wrath of the in- vaders and at the same time to save their belongings. There 1 was, face to face with the fo‘l;‘lthem army, and I didn't like it I halted my car. I could not have continued unless I had wanted to run' down the generals at the head of the| column. The army halted, for it could not proceed while my car blacked the entire thoroughfare virtually from haus‘e wall to house wall. The soldiers didn't like my presence. It interfered with their orderly purposes. 5 An Exchange of Scowls. ‘The generals of the army didn't speak English and I speak no Chinese. There Wwas no interpreter. The generals and other high officers glared at me. For want of something better I scowled at them. They con- tinued to glare for a few moments and I continued to scowl in my very | best Marine Corps fashion. The officers finally got in a huddle. Here, apparently, was a case not cov- ered in their military regulations. So they glared some more. Tired of scowl- ing, I tried a smile, but ‘it was a very weak one probably, for I must admit I was exceedingly nervous. At my smile they went intn another huddle, and at this I scowled some more—and I have a bit of a reputation in the Marines as one of their very best scowlers. Then, without further ado, the order “about face, march on" | was given and the army that had been intent on looting marched right out of | Boxertown, much to my amusement and | personal gratification. i I could not turn back and I did not want to abandon the car and return on foot, so I had to follow the army until | the outskirts were reached, where I halted to watch the column march off into the fields. I then turned the car and sped back as best I could over those roads to Tientsin. So these friendly Chinese decided I} had saved Boxertown from disaster. This incident is recited to show the friendly relations which had developed in the Tientsin area between the Chi- nese and the Marines. So friendly were the villagers that, fearing they were about to be looted. they still desired to save me from difficulty and tried to do; so_by waving me back. Later the Marines were to become even more friendly with the Southern army which I “chased” out of Boxer- town, when, in the turnover of 1928.| they took over control of Northern China. As a matter of fact. another blessing umbrella was presented to me by another community which was dom- | COURTISSUE FAGES: SENATE SIDETRACK Hoover Held Anxious to Speed Decision on Reduction of Naval Armaments. Signs are not lacking in Washing- ton that the question of American ad- herence to the World Court, as changed by the Root reservation, will have to wait on President Hoover's moves to- ward an_international agreement for naval reduction. Despite & general expectation that the President wiil submit the World Court question to the Senate next Winter, since he favors American adherence, in principle, it was said yesterday on the responsibility of a Government leader, that Mr. Hoover can be expected to give right of way to the naval question. The efect of such a course might be to postpone the World Court ques- tion until beyond the next regular ses- sion of Congress if not beyond the con- gressional elections next year. The President has been made aware that the issue would provoke a serious and prolonged controversy, possibly rekindle the animosities of the old League of Nations’ fight, and conceivably call for not a little presidential pressure to win a favorable vote in the Senate. Avoids Complications. Mr. Hoover, it appears, prefers not to compiicate the prospect for getting !the Senate to go along with him for naval reduction. either by ratification of a treaty which might be ready for Senate consideration in the regular session, or by giving him the latitude he needs to proceed with his negotia- tions. As between the two questions, the ad- ministration chooses to give naval re- duction ™ preferred position, not only because che President considers it fully as important a step toward world peace as American adherence to the court would b> but also because the court issue hac nad one trial in the Senate. It has been pointed out to the Pres- ident by certain Republican Senate leaders that a world court controversy would be the worst kind of a fore- runner to a Senate naval debate, as it would almost vertainly call up tacks on Great Pritain from the floor. To follow this up with a request for ratification of a treaty which allowed the British mcre cruiser tonnage than the American Navy, it was d>clared, would be to launch the naval move under an abnormal handicap. Massacres Emphasize ude. This point of view has emphasized by the massacres Holy Land, not only because they ha resulted in sharp crticism of the Erit as failing to give proper protection to the Jews, but also, as an example, in the opinion of anti-League Senators, of a breakdown of a League of Nations plan, This consideration has Leen ad- vanced as of double-barreled potency, ound that it would also figure, in any attempt to put the United States behind the World Court, which has been called the judicia! anti- chamber of the League of Nations. ‘Without committing himself as to the merit of these arguments, there is reason that the President has recognized the political arguments against putting an incitive League issue before the Senate at a time when he is preparing to persuade American public opinion that it is in the best interests of this country, as well as of the world at large, to adopt a naval agreement which, he hopes, will end cruiser build- ing competition between the seapowers. In conversation with a leading Sen- inated by the Southern army. (Tomorrow—A Sturdy U. S, Admiral | and the “Feather Treatment!”) i W 1 SEA OF HORROR, FILLED BY DYING, IS DESCRIBED ! BY RESCUE WORKER (Continued From First Page.) miles astern of the liner and I heard | a terrific crash. Whistles which had | been blowing became silent and there was an awful quiet. { “I knew something bad had hap- pened. We put on all steam and in 25 | minutes I laid my eyes on a scene I never shall want to see again. { “The wreckage was strewn all about. ! Shrill cries of dying men and women pierced the air. They flopped about in the oilp water, most of them helples: as their clothing weighted them down | or their frantic efforts to swim failed. “You could see them grasping wildly | at anything as they lost strength and sank. We put down two lifeboats and began weaving our way in and out of the wreckage. “Off to one side there was a heart- | rending scene. A little kid, about 3, 1 should say, was floating on a mattr crying ‘msma, mama’' We tried to reach him, but before we could get there, the wreckage piled up and he sank. “I guess many of them couldn't swim. Those terrible cries of ‘Save me! Save me!’ came all around and we couldn’t rescue many of them. It wasn't long before they stopped.” Aboard the Munami, the survivors were given clothing. Capt. Illig paid a high tribute to his chief engineer, K. Tillmer, whe acted as an emergency doctor and dressed many wounds. PROBE OF CRASH BEGINS. Steamboat Inspection Service Starts Effort to Fix Blame. By the Associated Press. SAN FRANCISCO, August 31.—Act- ing under orders from Washington, the United States steamboat inspector’s office here today was conducting an in- vestigation of the sinking of the coast- wise steamer San Juan south of here early yesterday, which it is believed took at least 69 persons to a watery grave. Only 42 persons were rescued when the San Juan, carrying 65 or more pas- sengers and a crew of 46, was rammed #nd sunk by the Standard Oil tanker 8. C. T. Dodd in a fog. Of the 42 res- cued, about & dozen were seriously in- Jured. Further Check on Passengers. | to ator, the President has expressed the ew within the last few days that tho ery spirit of co-operation necessary bring about a mnaval reduction agrecment would be as forceful as any other conceivable factor to the end of cutlawing war. At least one Senator who supported the last effort to bring about American adherence to the World Court is on record privately to the effect that another effort in that ciion would have a much better e of success if started after r than before the naval reduction the appearance already of ism that the naval accord be- developed between the Ame Eritth governments will nof v dis Goh With 2 and 2 difficuit enough to get the naval treaty ratificd as it is without inviting furtiier complications. Borah Opposes Root Formula. The World Court question, when it dees come before the Senate, will meet the immediate objection of Senator Borah, chairman of the Senate foreign relations committee, who is opposed to the Root formula. Although it is con= sidered rather early to gauge Scnate sentiment on this questicn, there is a Ieeling in what remains of the cld group of anti-League irreconcilables that the | Root formula could not command the l'equi!red lu\odll‘nrds majority of the Senate unless the President got acti behind it i Mr. Hoover has not publicly ex- pressed himself with respect to the Root formula, but is generally believed to consider it the best means of bring- ing about American adherence. He had Elihu Root, its author, at the White House for junch, when the latter re- turned from his mission to Geneva to try to straighten out tha tangle caused oy the League’s refusal to accept the ad- herence of the United States on the terms laid down by the Senate. These terms were in the famous Senate Reservation V, by which the Senate, while agreeing that the United States should adhere to the court, stipulated that thereafter the court must not, without the consent of the United States, entertain any request for an advisory opinion touching any dispute or question in which the United States has or claims an interest. Phrase Is Ambiguous. League members considered the phrase “has or claims an interest” could be interpreted to cover any question whatever and would therefore discrim- inate in favor of the United States. The Root formula, arrived at in Mr. Root's consultation 'with jurists of & special League committee,” would pro- vide that the State Department be first informed of any question on which the World Court was asked to act; that if the question could not be framed to the State Department's satisfaction, Further check-ups were being made today on the possibility that the 47- year-old vessel might have carried 116 persons instead of 111 as at first re- ported. If the larger figure is corvect the death list would be 74. Officials of the Los Angeles & San Francisco Navigation Co., owners of the San Juan, said that only the purser’s records could show the exact total and that these were at the bottom of the sea. Thirty-one of those rescued, includ- there should be no misunderstandin the United States “naturally” wi!hfl;eg from adherence to the court. ‘Word received in administration quar- ters from President Hoover's camp in the Virginia mountains, where he is passing the three-day holiday, was to the effect that Mr. Hoover passed yesterday morning in conference with Alexander Legge, chairmaa of the new Federal Farm Board; Arthur M. Hyde, Secretary of Agriculture; Walter H. Newton, ‘White House secretary, and others on ing one woman, Mrs. Maude Dansby, were returned to San Francisco on the Dodd. The other 11 were brought back last night on the United States Coast Guard cutter Shawnee, after being picked up at the scene of the wreck by the southbound freighter Munami and later transferred to the Shawnee. Blames San Juan Officers. Capt H. O. Bleumchen of the Dodd, in testimony before the United States steamboat inspectors, laid the blame for the crash on failure of the San Juan's officers to understand his sig- nals, Capt. Bleumchen asserted that it the San Juan had kept on her Is | course the .tragedy would have been averted. Regardless of the outcome of the inspectors’ hearing, the Standard Co. will be forced to fight the out in the courts. This was forsseen with the filing of two libel suits in Federal court here against the Dodd and against the company itself. Ofl ter the progress of the administration's farm relief work to date. The President was said to be well satisfled with the headway made, con- sidering the obstacles encountered. THIRTY JEWS WOUNDED. Mass Meeting at Warsaw Ends in Riots When Charge Is Made. WARSAW, Poland, August 31 (Jewish Telegraphic = Agency).— Thirty =~ Jews were wounded at a mass meeting today called by the Leit Poale Zion, Labor party, to protest against the Palestine massacres. A riot broke out when speakers de- nounced Jewish Communists for taking a stand against the Jews of Palestine and for asserting that Zionists in Jeagun wlth;rg;lsh imperialists are “attacking abs.”