Evening Star Newspaper, August 22, 1929, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.....August 22, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor . nd 8t ke Michigan Building. : 14 Reeent St., London, England. the City. 45¢ per month. 60c per month 85¢ per month olTe. o made &t the' ¢ ot Shels monT, Orders may be sent in by mail or telephoue National 8000, 5 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. nd and Virginia. 1., $10.00; 151, 36! 1T, $400i 1 r Rate by Carrier Within enine Star ary Dally luf Sun aily only . Sundey oty All Other States and Canada. fly and Sunday..1 yr., $12.0 aily only .. 1 unday only Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Assoctated Press is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited to It or not otherwise cred- lted in this paper and also the i blisred herein. All rights of publicas pecial dispatches herein are aiso reserved. Germany Calls for Action. Throughout the acrimonious repara- tions conference at The Hague the Ger- | mans have maintained an impressive | silence. They pursued the theory that | it was no business of theirs if their creditors were unable to agree over the division of the Young plan spoils. But as September 1 approaches and the storm raised by British Chancellor Snowden fails to subside, the Germans are sitting up and taking vigorous no- tice. By that date, under the terms of the revised reparations plan, the final evacuation of the Rhineland is to be- gin. Herr Stressmann, the German | foreign secretary, and his fellow dele- gates at The Hague therefore refuse any longer to view with equanimity the| bickerings and bargainings of the allled | representatives. Burdensome as the Young plan obli- | gations are for the Reich, they sink into relative insignificance alongside the Ger- mans' desire for departure of the con- | querors' armies of occupation. As the | Young plan provides for evacuation as | an integral part of the new reparation scheme, failure to adopt it at The Hague would automatically, and indefinitely, delay the disappearance of allied troops from Rhenish territory. Herr Strese- mann accordingly demands that no matter how long France, Italy, Belgium end Japan care to squabble with Great Britain over reparation percentages, the pledged evacuation date be respected. ‘Germany, on her part, is ready to agree that she owes, as from September 1, the reduced annuities of the Young plan. The Foreign Policy Association has Jjust made public an arresting statement by Pierrepont B. Noyes, formerly the American representative on the Inter- allied Rhineland Commission, which is el with autocratic power in the occupled regions. Mr. Noyes is an ardent advocate of evacuation. He pillories the mainte- nance of the occupation as “pompous | futility” and “an expensive military | gesture.” In another striking observation, Mr. Noyes dechares that “no man could pre- vent the occupation from being eco- romically burdensome and socially of- fensive.” According to the Foreign Policy As- sociation’s statisties, more than $100,- 000,000 has been paid by Germany for occupation costs since the Dawes plan went into effect, at the end of 1924. ‘The United States’ only cut at the reparations cake has been in reim- bursement of the cost of our limited occupation of the Coblenz bridgehead. Further available statistics disclose that out of the eight billion gold marks ad- vanced by Germany to the Reparation Commission by the end of 1922, two and a half billion (or approximately $600,000,000) went to défray the ex- pense of occupation and of control commissions. ‘The Germans are pressing for evacu- ation under a clause of the Versailles, treaty reading: “If Germany compllu1 with all the undertakings resulting from the present treaty the occupying forces will be withdrawn immediately.’ ‘The treaty otherwise legalizes retention of allied troops in the Rhineland until 1935. The French, who have long mem- ories where the Germans are concerned, declare that the allied “watch on the Rhine” is innocuous compared to the | iron control over Paris ordained by Bls- marck after the War of 1870. Nor have they forgotten the long occupation of Prance after the Napoleonic wars. They have in particular not erased from their recollection the terrors and tragedies of the four years between 1914 and 1918, when the heel of the eonqueror ground France's easternmost provinces into a humiliating and dev- astating submission, France is entitled to recall these things, and yet, in the presence of a Germany living loyally up to all the ob- ligations she has incurred since Ver- sailles, the world at large will sympa- thize with the view that the time has come to end what Mr. Noyes calls “the continuing war which a military occu- pation amounts to.” ‘The architects of the Young plan subscribed to that theory when they formally christened it “an indivisible whole"—i. e, a revised basis of repara- tion payments specifically inclusive of | Rhineland evacuation. —_——t———————— Diplomacy has to take under consid- eration all kinds of problems; some- times even the servant problem. FUSh S The Pesky Penny. ©Of all the arguments so far advanced for higher street car fares, the conten- tion that the proposed ten-cent cash fere would prove & public benefit be- cause it eliminates the inconvenience of handling pennies is easily the most astounding. What part of the street car riding | paj public of Washington has petitioned for the' abolition of the annoying penny in street car fares? How many street car riders have roundly berated the 5¢ | work six days a week for fifty-two weeks .! Pennies have a remarkable way of igetting together and growing Into nickels and dimes. This feat is readily demonstratable by computing the num- ber of pennies that the street railway corporations would save the individual from handling in the course of a week. The individual who rides to and from work each day on the car, preferring to pay the cash fare instead of buying tokens, now pays 98 cents a week. The the company would relieve him of in the course of a week; i the ten-cent fare became effective, would be 24. With 24 pennies the passenger, under the present rate of fare, could pay for three car rides. Under the new rate proposed, he could pay two car fares, and have four measly pennies left over. These he could probably get rid of somehow. In the course of a year the street car companies would relieve the cash- paying passenger of the inconvenience of handling about 1248 pennies, pro- vidéd the passenger rides to and from in the year. ey Cheerful Insouciance. It apoears quite evident from the latest statement of the iraffic office re- garding the left-hand turn that an at- tempt is being made to confuse the pub- lic on the subject of uniformity. On Tuesday the traffic office triumphantly announced the result of a questionnaire sent to one hundred and fifty-on= cities. But with that cheerful insouciance | which has characterized many of its public statements it proceeded to an- nounce that only fifty-four of these cit- ies used the Hoover turn and that the | others were guilty of practicing what is | hazily described as “the inside turn,”| thereby furnishing irrefutable proof, in the traffic office’s eyes, that if Washing- ton was not uniform in its wide swinging left-hand turn neither wers most of the other cities of the country. 1t is deplorable to cast doubt on such a magnificent triumph as that just| scored by the traffic office, but there is one slight inaccuracy which should be called, not only to its attention for fu- ture dissertations on the same subject, but the public as well, in order that a herrifig may not be drawn across the trail of uniformity in traffic regulations in the National Capital. This slight in- accuracy in the announcement of the | traffic office is simply this: That only’ fifty-four cities use the Hoover turn, when, as a matter of fact, all of the one hundred and fifty-one eities reply- ing to the questionnaire use the Hoover turn. Not just fifty-four of them, but all of them. Naturally, this mistake by the traffic office in its public announcement was | made unintentionally. To avoid future mistakes of the same nature it might be well for the office to study diligently the Hoover Model Municipal Traffic Ordi- nance. It is a code prepared under the direction of President Hoover when he | was Secretary of Commerce and was accepted and approved by the greatest body of traffic experts ever gathered | together for an attempted solution of the problem that affects every man and | woman and child in the United States. A study of the code would reveal the fact that the paragraph pertaining to left turns reads as follows: ‘The operator of & vehicle intending to turn to the left at an intersection number of additional pesky pennies that | THE year. Seventeen of the Class 1 roads oper- ated at & loss during the first-half of this year, but 164 were operated at a profit, -Of those operating at a loss six | were in the East, two in the South and nine in the West. The record made this year by the raliroads is made notwithstanding the increased use of automobile trucks. It indicates that there is room for both rallroads and motor trucks; that the increases in population and business make possible the use of both railroads ana trucks profitably and with greater service 1o the people. But if the railroads have been able to compete, and more than compete, with the freight-carrying motor vehi- cles, they have lost ground in the mat ter of passenger transportation, due to the privately owned motor cars rather than to bus lines, it is reported. Pas- senger miles, the railroad officials say, show a 3 per cent reduction from.last year, and last year there was a 5 per cent reduction from 1927. The indica- tions are that the railroads are still going down in the matter of passenger transportation. Nevertheless, passenger transportation is ylelding to the rallroads more ‘than $1,000,000,000 a year in gross revenue. The railroads have undertaken to offset passenger losses by establishing motor bus routes of their own. But these bus lines have not yet done much to recoup for the roads their loss of passenger traffic. Not only are the railroads carrying more freight of all kinds and handling & vast number of passengers, but they are doing so more economically. Delays have been eliminated and equipment improved. The improvement in equip- ment has been instrumental in wiping out delays in transportation, which are always costly. The pictures painted by the cold fig- ures produced by the railroad executives are encouraging. The prediction is ven- tured in raliroad quarters that the last half of the present year will be as pro- ductive of freight business almost as was the first half. The sun, it appears, still shines on America and American business. ———a When Soviets and Chinese decide on a battle the opinions of surroundirg civilization are not consulted. War is a rough undertaking, but a few people insist on regarding it as a sort of pop- ular pastime. e ———. Astatic warriors may be incline they observe the Graf Zeppelin, to pause and consider what influence might be brought to bear if some pow- erful outsider should decide to take a hand in the war. o A band of music at each congested crossing might render the ‘“rotary turn” more agreeable by making it “quadrille.” B ) ‘That serious intellectual endeavor counts for much is proved by the fact that the most charming motion picture stars are not portrayed in print as often as Mrs. Willebrandt. ————————— Hints of airplane sabotage, employed in rivalrous envy, reduce some phases of aviation to earth and even below, into the underworld. or into a highway shall approach the point of turning in the lane of traffic to the right of and next to the center of the roadway, and, unless otherwise directed by turning markets, the op- erator of & vehicle in turning left at an_intersection shall pass to the right of the intersection before turn- ing. Upon streets laned for traffic and upon one-way streets a left turn shall be made from the left lane of traffic. Perusing this paragraph it is obvious that the fifty-four cities referred to fe- quire automobiles to pass, in the left traffic lane, around the button in the center of the intersection and that the other cities referred to as using the “in- side turn” require automobiles to follow “turning markers” and make the ma- neuver, likewise from the left lane of traffic, but before the center of the in- tersection is reached. Both of these turns are fundamentally the same and R SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSCN. ‘The Frozen Smile. There is & smile which has the glint Of sunshine bright Of warmth so slight. We often greet a face, alas, Well schooled in guile— There is no chill that can surpass The frozen smile! It is & smile that stands apart From honest glee— A smile which is & work of art For men to see. ¢ Nothing that Arctic paths can show ‘Where ice drifts pile Can, here below, surpass in Woe both are prescribed in the same para- graph by the Hoover Model Municipal Traffic Ordinance. There is no need for the Washington trafic office to try to becloud the issue on uniformity. There is no issue. Wash- ington, Cleveland and Springfield, Ohio, use the rotary turn, made- from the right traffic lane—a turn that is not only dangerous and impracticable, but a breeder of traffic congestion. All the other cities of the country use the Hoo- ver turm, which is made from the left lane of traffic, whether the center of the intersection is rounded or not. The three cities mentioned are not follow- ing the trail of uniformity laid down by the other thousands. What possible ex- cuse can these three cities have for arguing that they are right and the others are wrong? Washingtonians are not concerned with the other two, but are much annoyed at the “ostrich” tac- tics of their own city in a vitally im- portant matter, e ‘The greatest triumph of the dirigible lies in the popular confidence i has succeeded in inspiring. ot . Actual Business, The amount of business transacted and ghe prosperity of the country are measured in various w ‘The political party out of power is usually inclined to deny there is any prosperity. But there is one yardstick that indicates real busi- ness or lack of business—the transpor- tation of freight by the railroads of the country. The first six months of this year, rail- road officials announce, has shown a tremendous amount of freight carried by Class 1 railroads of the country. Indeed, if the volume of freight trans- portation continues during the last half of 1929 on a similar seale, this will be the greatest year of them all in raiiroad transportation. This means trade and commerce, production and manufactur- ing on a huge scale. It means actual business, not merely trancactions on per. The railroads reaped the benefit of this huge business as well as the pro- ducers and consumers. They had the largest net operating: income for any eonductor who hands out two pennies in similar period in their history. This ‘The frozen smile! Influential. “Who is the most influential man in politics?” “I ean’t undertake to say, exactly,” sald Senator Sorghum. “But judging from the price per word for articles on public affairs, I should venture to guess that it is some magazine editor.” Jud Tunkins says he went to a night club because some one had handed him & bunch of counterfeit money and & place where they work fast oNered the only chance to pass.it. Bringing the Bad News. The. ticker tape comes rolling fast And brings me deep regret. It always lets me know, at last, I have misplaced my bet. Social Rewards. “Are you ambitious to become a social leader?” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “I was once indifferent to society. But social eminence really means ‘when you consider what it may_enable you to collect as an advertsement for tooth-paste or cigarettes.” “Leaders who promote war” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “turn to it as the last resort of a desperate ambition.” . Water Power. Still Nature holds her sway so strong. A drought makes all the world seem ‘wrong, And no control of water pow'r Can grant the soil & little show'r. “A hoss race” said Uncle Eben, “is a proof dat de hoss, who sure eats, win or lose, is de one dat has real Who Keeps Gount? From the Indianapolis Star. Announcement that the seventy-third bomb has just been thrown by icago racketeers “makes one wonder who is charged v&h keeping count of the ere. “Lucky Lindy” Again. From the Ann Arbor Daily News. Col. Lindbergh won first honors in horseshoe tournament at President change for a dime? What is there now | net operating income was $563,347,135, :!oover‘n ‘Summer camp. Not y to prevent the passenger who detests | as compared to $462,227,525 for the first | when nfl"" consider &.g he ml :1‘, pennies from dropping a dime in the |six months of 1928. The gross operat- used own pet horseshoe. fare box and sneaking quistly into the car, chuckling in glee over having ing income reached the tremendous to- tal of $3,063,123880. Another six Didn't Miss Much. tricked the company into accepting his | months of similar operation, the rail- | w o tne savannah Press. pennies? Why not abandon the pesky menny altogether as a public nuisance? mtmth’mdl’mhmc. miss 50 much, after all. roads will have 8 return of 5.54 per Most, of these missing ed, n' seem like a figure in an old-fashioned | EVENING STAR, WASHIN lueomund'lthd.npcrmtmt ON D. C, 0. . Families going to Union Station in bus or street car exercise a fascination on other passengers. The chances are that they are going on vacation, and all the world loves a vacationist. In the first place, it is fashionable to take a tion. Even those who only get a week or two talk about their holi- day as if it were the most important period in the world. In the second place, it is healthful to take a vacation. The annual rest from the dally labors enables a man and his family to take their minds off them- selves, it puts them in touch with sea or mountain air, and it gives them a complete change of environment. All these matters, as any physician will tell you, are of importance to the public and personal health. So when we see a family going y upon vaca- tion, we instantly get a small reminder both of health and fashion. ‘Today the health aspects of a holi- day are more visible than at any other time in the history of the world, since womankind put the emphasis on a healthful coat of tan. * k% % Here in the bus is a typical Wash- ington family bound for the depot. 1s it proper to call Union Station the de- pot? We think so. “Depot” is a good word, probably more in vogue in small towns and places than in a great city. ““Where resident to another. “Oh, I'm goin’ down to the depot to see the train come in,” replies the second. Here in the National Capital it is customary to speak of the Union Station as such. As we recall it, the old Pennsylvania station often was called the depot. On the bus bound for the station today sits our typical Washington family. One may be in some doubt as to the exact relationship of the various members, but that is always the case when one attempts to ‘“size up” strangers. ‘There is an older woman of about 45 years, neatly dressed, whose keen dark eyes look out inquiringly at the world over & somewhat thin-lipped mouth. Those determined lips bespeak con- fidence, yet they are not indicative of meanness, as thin lips sometimes are. One may venture this without Ynmr' for a rather merry twinkle in the lady's eyes gives away the {act that she has a sense of humor, and good humer and meanness seldom go together. x ko % She and the young man are the noisiest of the four, although none of them honestly could be called nolsy. ‘The young fellow speaks with a decided accent. He has particularly sharp, shrewd eye. and a kind of pouncing way of speaking. As he talks, his glit- tering eyes roam at random. ‘With some_people this roaming eye is a token of a “show-off” spirit, but with the young man in question it oniy bespeaks a watchful interest in the world at large. He undoubtedly has the possibilities of making large sums of money, or of becoming an investiga- tor or inventor of merit. He speaks quickly, repeating the same words over again and again, as “I think—I think—I think,” etc. His grammatical constructions are cul- tured, although he seems to have dif- ficulty in arriving at the exact words. The conversation of the two deals largely with university and collegiate life, so that interested spectators THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, you goin’, Bill?” says onec | v v ' 4 this little motion picture of everyday life have a right to think that ::;z be vlu’t.wnhu, “Myrm nll,u‘ but that e woman is accompan; e youn| gn,:ln to the mtlcmpt; lee'hlm off u" lege. * ok ok ok ‘Two of the family, however, remain to be considered, and the pair uncon- sciously uphold the vacation theory. ‘The amount of luggage they carry, too, points to a holiday. The older of the two girls is perhaps 16 years old, a tall, tanned miss, with pretty, light brown hair and aloof blue- gray eyes. If there is any curiosity in her make- up, she does not show it, but sits star- ing stolidly ahead of her, as if no other passengers existed. Not so, however, is young sister. Little sister i5 perhaps 11 or 12 years old, large for her age, dressed in a combination of colors which would shout “Gypsy!” if they did not become her so well. The young lady has a fashionable “suntan” without being tanned. Her skin is naturally of a tan hue, which, with her dark brown ha! d blue 2yes, permit her to “get aw with brigh cblors, just as the Gypsies do. She has on light tan shoes, socks of gray, with vivid red border: dress of mixed yellow, red and blue dots, bright red choker, brilliant red small hat, blazer coat of bright blue and cream stripes. She carries a pockethook of alternate red and gray diamonds. As is the fash- jon with such young misses, her legs are bare, and she unconsclously permits a generous length of them to show above her knees. * ko Her face is pretty, without being too pretty, characterized by a . solemnity unusual in one £o young. Her eyes are almond shaped and are possessed of a sideways upward motion sometimes ‘as- sociated with the old-fashioned art cf flirtation. She sits listening to the man and woman talk, taking no part in the con- versation, never cracking a smile, open- ing her mouth only once to say that alongside is a car from a Southern State, evidently the “home” of the family. Having called attention to the car, she relapses into sllence again, favor- ing other passengers with one of those inquiring, interested looks, after which she peers out of the window even more stolidly than before. “What is there about this little sister which attracts? Why, it is Romance calling! Some women are blessed, or cursed, as the case may turn out to be, with Romance, just as some are en- dowed with beauty, abiiity or luck. This pretty, solemn child, daughter of the Old South, is born to Romance as the sparks fly upward from her side- glancing eyes. She has that physical perfection about her which will cause men to read into her those epiritual qualities which she may or may not have. If she has them, well enough; it she has not, she can fool them all by remaining solemn, giving them a Xip- tilted lcok now and then to keep their imagination at a bright point. One could not say that such women are blessed above their quieter sisters, but certainly their lives will be inter- esting, and they will win where iney have not deserved to, and perhaps suf- {fer in the same way. They are of the tribe of Cleopatra, Francesca, and espe- jcially of Adah Menken, beloved of of | Swinburne and Alexandre Dumas. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. Statistics are the dryest kind of read- ing that can be written—except just when they are vital to some problem momentarily timely. There are two kinds of data which sre quite unavailable in the United States—statistics of crime and statistics of labor. It is impossible to show the exact trend of crime because nowhere are there reliable figures on the sub- ject. It is also impossible to declare how many workers are without em- Which, as it -meets the ice, may hint | ployment, because there is no means of gathering the facts. Next April 1, the census will ascertain for the first time in our history the number of unemployed. In the mean- while, the guesses of partisan poli- ticians have varied according to the in- | tensity of criticism against the policies of the party in power. It is sald that President Hoover in his mext annual mun{a to Congress will discuss the subject of stabilizing _employment throughout the country by establish- ing a fund, in time of prosperity, which can provide for public works—construc- tion, principally—in times of depres- sion and will give employment to the idle. At the last session of Congress two bills were introduced in the Scnate, one by Senator Wagner (Democrat) of New York and the other by Senator Jones (Republican) of Washington, both in- tended to carry out the idea of em- ployment upon Government enter- prises in time of depression, but neither bill reached a vote. ** %% While President Hoover is on record as favoring such a measure as would-| provide employment, to offset depressed commercial conditions, he does not as- sume that any possible measures would totally avold unemployment, especially of the unintelligent and untrained. Various authorities estimate that there are always between 1,000,000 and 2.500,- 000 out of jobs, no matter how pros- perous may be general conditions. Even | & decrease in the total number of work- ers does not necessarily indicate de- creased production, for new machinery and new methods of production may displace human labor and yet greatly augment ouwu:, b ‘The inadequacy of merely supplying construction vlrm'k u:hcrsug lrf‘&!flcll:l means of employing the jobless ob- vious when it is noted that not all men are competent to work as builders or roadmakers, in any capacity. Of what use is a factory hand in laying bricks, or riveting steel girders? In 1927, as estimated, there were in continental United States = 32.695.000 non-agricultural workers. Of this total, only 422,000 builders were out of work. At the same time, there were unemploy- ed 727,000 who were accustomed to work in manufacturing; 380,000 in mines, quarries and oil wells; 152,000 in transportation and 374,000 in mercantile and public service, etc. The plans proposed to relieve depres- sion and its unemployment will provide for the 422,000 accustomed to construc- tion work, but will scarcely touch the miners, the transportationists or the merchants and. clerks. Nor can it be expected that a large percentage, even in distress, can shift from one class to another, for work for which they have no training. Building work requires expert . trade-training, and while some of the construction work may be han- dled without expert Rnowledge, that part is taken up more and more each year by machinery, or by supplies man- ufactured in centers devoted to the spe- clalties. For example, where is the old- time hod-carrier, who laboriously climbed ladders from the ground to the cornice, beating bricks or mortar on his !'e;rl:d mu now rush the supplies a hun es more econom- lc:up;‘ than did the old hod-carrier. Where would a store clerk fit into con- struction work?" * % k% In the study of this problem, nothing seems éulu 80 surprising as the state- ment of an expert economist, f. H. M. Feldman of Dartmouth College, that “the most pervasive disturbances in employment are those due to seasonal fluctuations in production,” and that these are growing greater, rather than less. vmmmmybeemmmr.u ind is being developed rationally and economically?. It in past years for farmers to work bard through the crop scason and then idle the time away through the Winter, but as diversified farming developed, es- pecially with stock raising. the ~ ency became greater toward spreading out the work and stabilizing it throu, the cold months, as well as Summe although much is still to be desired in that direction, toward finding Winter work on the farms. Testifving before a S-1ate commit- tee last Winter, Isador ” ibin of the In- stitute of Economics ceclared that it would be hard to find an industry which would show an even distribution of em- ployment and production throughout the year. The making of clothing was gneu as an instance of seasonal varia- lon. R ‘The problem of how to find an equal izer for such a condition is not easily solved, yet it would seem that that is & problem which calls for as careful measures for stabilization as does the plan of the fund for public construction works, to equalize general unemploy- ment, by giving public jobs to construc- tion mechanics. Sporting goods are bought in the Spring, but every one knows that there | is going to come another Spring—next | April—so why should not the makers | of sporting goods be busy, 12 months | in advance, preparing for that demand? ‘The same applies to clothing. If styles are dictators of clothing manufactures, must the world wait until it is actually ready to don its pajamas or whafnot before the shape and color and goods shall be chosen? That dilemma may be “a condition and not a theory,” but most conditions are affected by theories before they become conditions.. * ok ok ok ‘There is one cause of unemployment which cannot be prevented; it is the shifting of manufacturers,” from one part of the country to another, or the combining of enterprises, or the intro- duction of labor-saving machinery. All of thesé causes are usually temporary in the hardships they cause, but the loss of employment, however transient, must bring suffering to the wage earner with & family' dependent upon the th I, income of regu- * K ok X For example, between 1880 and 1890 hand composition of type (aside from display for advertising, etc.) was almost wholly superseded by machine compo- sition; the old-time printers who had saenc years “learning the case” found their training almost useless; they were throwr: out of work, while learning a new trade—machine composition. After the first decade omu century, when automobiles really came into use, the makers of horse-drawn vehicles lost thelr occupation. But, within a few years, both the dis- placed pé)nten and the jobless wagon- makers discovered that consumers were buying even more of the new lucts than they ever had of the old, so the progressive mechanics shared the re- wards of improved methods, with in- creased wages and steadier employment. In olden times, we used to hear an ex- gxlfl_a nnv‘er l;‘.:"r"d" today—*jour " or “jour "'—meaning a printer or hatter who was in the h:blt of journe; from one place to another . He was almost on a par th & tramp. Today, the intelligent mechanic in almost any trade not in- volved in some transient revolution of method or machine-introduction. has steady employment, at wages that would have been counted fabulous fifty years ago. President Green of the American Federation of Labor states that, in the last year, half a million more wage earners have been added to the number pay. " He agrces with ine Depariment of 3 e e irtment of that “the number of unemployed dnesn not seem unusually. P evertheless, if ti dent Hoover and Congress, aided by e!ifirt economists, reliable to maintain smooth running in spite of the fluctua- tions of and de, and call them blmg’? High vart leisure time, the comforts of life wages, plus demands for they may | in THURSDAY, Auuisy 22, 1929 | Suitable Warning - Costly to Biltmore From the New York Sun. Failure to post mter notice to guests wneemlniu&ce. n:fe emnt of jewelry cost the Riltmore $50,000 it paid to a woman whose jewels were stolen by an employe of the hotel. accordance with the law and pos! in the office and public rooms of the hotel would have limited the Biltmore's liability to $2 Mrs, V. G. Millhiser, s tran- sient est et the hotel, hand led jewelry valued at $370,000 to a clerk to mn in one of the deposit boxes. She did not tell him the value of the package. When she called for it pleces worth $50,000 were missing; the clerk was convicted of theft. The Court of Appeals held that the hotel would have been liable only to the extent of $250 except for its neglect to include in its signs the wording of the law fixing the limit. It is misleading and unfair, the opin- jon sald, to require a gu to deposit valuables in the hotel safe and in case of loss to permit the hotel to assert a limitation of which the guest had no notice. When the notice contains the section of the statute the guest is noti- fled of the facts concerning the limited liability and acts with knowledge. liability of a hotel which obeys the letter of the law is limited unless the guest gives notice of a value greater than the limit and enters into an agree- ment in writing with the owner or the nl‘.\‘r‘r‘e‘d“tl;: Since 'lh! Biltmore theft oc- o e ure has incre: liability to $500. i A different section of the business law was construed three years in the suit egainst Benjamin C. Riley, pro- rietor of Arrowhead Inn. It was then eld that a coat check room lability was limited to $75 unless special agree- ment was made when the article wa checked. The limit for personal prop- erty stolen from a room occupled by the guest is $500 unless the loss is due ! to the fault or negligence of the hotel keeper. In the Riley case Judge Ca dozo ssid that negligence could be in- ferred from the delivery of the coat and the failure to return it. . Adequate Markings Big Aid to Aviators | From the Worcester Daily Telegram. ‘The Commerce Department's com- | plaint that flyers have diffculty in ldentifying cities and locating airports and hndln{]nelas on account of inade- quate mari palities to make the desired improve- ments without delay. It may not be| easy to devise planes which can always take off and land with ease and safety. It may sometimes ba impossible to pro- vide perfectly saiisfactory landing fields | in or near the municipaiities, but there are no insuperable obsacles regarding the markers. A community which can afford to have an airport or landing 21"?} can .nm—dau:’ )Luve markers of the nd recommende the de] 8| officials. 4 ok In the days of horse-drawn vehicles guide posts elong the highways were not a3 numerous or full of information as they are now. Signs identifying communities were not as conspicuous, either. The motorist, as his car cov- ered more and more miles with less and less need of stopping. wanted to be able to find his way about the Jand without halting and “making inquiries. wanted to know what town he was passing through, but didn't want to halt. 80 the signs increased in number and size. ‘With the airplane, however, it is more than a matter of convenience. The mo- torist merely suffers a slight delay when tain directions to another place. fiyer, at the present developgnent of his | machine, cannot come down anywhere he happens to be and proceed on his way again without danger. The more | information he can receive from signs | and markers on the ground the less risk will he be required to take Forest Fires Are Laid | To Incendiary’s Action ! From the Long Beach Press-Telegram. Suspicion is growing that the epidemic of forest fires in Northern California, Oregon and Washington is not due to accident, lightning or carelessness, ex- cept in occasional instances, but to deliberate action on the part of incen- diaries. Belief that this outrage against man and nature was chargeable to a demented person now has given place :;1 l‘hceonp‘:{.lonl that ‘A concerted plot of enemies of responsible for this e; oF s mtfichler. ormally minded people find it im- Ppossible to analyze the motives and the The | per trip. | == | character of human beings who seek | to destroy the natural resources of the Jand in which they themselves live. The only explanation is that this de- struction is the work of foes of the existing order of Government, who hope terrorist means to instill fear in the public mind and to impress on the ;\a;l;r"mm nhrlmhche people the extreme s which under] and anarchy. e That there will be & revuls'on on the of the State, which may go, unfortunately, to the other extreme of Sseverity in combating these elements of radicalism, is the logical expectation. S Census of Unemployed By U. S. Forces Lauded From the Montana Record-Herald. Secretary of Commerce Lamont's action in appointing a representative committee of citizens to co-operate in enumerating the unemployed in connec- tion with next year's regular census of the population was the most practical step taken toward the solution of & great national problem. Officials of the Departments of Com- merce and Labor have already met with representatives of employers and em- nloges, economic and soclological experts and others directly interested in this subject. It was shown a year ago that full and accurate data regarding unemployment is & prerequisite of finding permanent relief for the out-of-work. When the Senate called upon semurty of Labor Davis for information on the subject the latter had to confess that it was not available in accurate form. ‘When the number of unemployed and the causes and periods of unemployment become known quantities the Govern- ment and other agencies will be in & position to take remedial steps. Until then they can only guess and experi- ment. For until we know the extent and kinds of unemployment, including the um?or-ry. permanent, voluntary and involuntary, and their relation to the main problem, the proper remedies cannot be effectively applied. o Country Sympathizes In Florida’s Trouble From the Los Angeles Evening Express. jympathy and a desire and willing- ness to he{g Florida in the fight stamp out the Mediterranean fiy, that has devastated groves and orchards and in that State, and share the loss sustained, are widespread. The peo- &lc of every State of the Union want hel ‘They will give wholehearted support to whatever the Federal Gov- ernment undertakes to that end. Presi- dent Hoover has indicated that Government should assume one-half the loss. In Florida it is thought there dhould be a hundred &er cent repara- tion. Floridans threaten to go before the country with their case. We hope it will not be done. If it is the Presi- dent’s jue ent, after the full informa- tion he be able to obtain, that the Government d do no more than assume half the loss, Florida should, and the country surely will, abide by that Jjudgment. It Would Be Tough. Promutts Cushom Dalls Kewh, B o e mened ot oune ‘weather for an xhibition of wanton | he stops to identify a town or to ob- } 'Reserve | i ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. This is & ial department devoted solely to m‘finflmg of queries. This paper puts at your dis the services of an extensive organization in Wash- ington to serve you in any capacity that relates to information. This service ic free. Failure to make use of it deprives you of benefits to which you are en- titled. Your obligation is only 2 cents in coin or stamps inclosed with your inquiry for direct reply. Address The Evenis Star Information _Bureau, !';mx% c.v. Haskin, director, Washing- n, D. C. Q. Is Willlam Giltette still living?— A. He is living and will return to the stage in the Fall to make a fareweH tour in ohe of his most notable suc- cesses, Sherlock Holmes. Mr. Gillette, who was 74 years old on July 24, has not appeared on the stage since starred in “The Dream Maker,” a play of his authorship, Q. Is it true that Indian head pennies will be redeemed at the Chic: ‘World Fair in 1933 at more than their face value?—S. K. A. The organization in charge of ar- rangements says that it has no knowl- of such a plan. It has been un- able to learn how this rumor was started. Q. Hasn't Yellowstone National Parl an entrance known as Gallatin Gate- way?—N. R. R. A. This new route was orntd to the public August 1. 1926. It enters the park at the nofthwest corner. Q. What is the dope made of which is used on airplane wings?—R. V. W. A. Nitrate dope which is used on airplane wings is a solution of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate together with sufficient flexilizer to give a smooth homogeneous flexible film which when applied to airplane fabric produces a h\;:lm and increased strength of fabric. Q. Do we live much faster than people of former generations?—S. D. A. Dr. Eli Moschowitz, an eminent New York scientist, writing in the | Journal of the American Medical Asso- ciation, declares that most of us live two lives now as compared with those of an earlier generation. “A man who attains the age of 50 toda: ‘has in reality lived 100 years, as years were formerly reckoned: and judging by the deluge of inventions aimed at even swifter methods of accomplishment, the prospect of the individual of the future | | is that he will be an old man in experi- | ence before his adolescence has begun.” Q. What is the origin of the word ‘“gazette”?—R. T. G. A. In the pamphlet called “Pro- ductivity of Labor in Newspaper Print- ing.” published by the Department of Labor. it is stated that the word “gazette” arose from the cost, one ga- | zetta, of the Notizi Scritte, a newspaper ;s;;l;d by the Venetian government in Q. Is billiards a_popular game with tha French and English?—S. M. A. It is said that the Frenchman | i prefers carom billiards, the Britisher | his pocket billiards, or snooker, but the American generally prefers pool. Q. When was the United States Steel Corporation incorporated?—H. T. A. It was incorporated under the Jaws of the State of New Jersey, the original certificate of inco: tion having been filed at Trenton February 325, 1901, and the amended certificate April 1, 1 Q. How long have some of the well kn:wrgw v!rv:leum of apples been raised A. The Baldwin apple was raised near Lowell, Mass. t 1750. ‘The Jonathan and Nort Spy were grown in New York, the Grimes Golden in West Virginia and the Maiden Blush in various places before 1800. The Red Asf from Rus- trachan was im) the Rome Beauty was sia in ‘1835, grown in Ohio by 184, the Stayman Winesap appeared in Kansas 1 and the Delicious in Iowa in lll'.lfi.’.’o Q. Was there ever such a as | Lydia Pinkham? 1If so, whemshe start in business?—B. N. B. A. There was such a person. Ac- cording to the “Life of Lydia Pink- | ham,” it was after the panic of 1873, when her husband failed in business, that she decided to market the medi- | cine that she had long been making jand distributing to women whom she felt it would benefit. For seven years after it was put on the market, Mrs. Pinkham prepared the concoction of | herbs on her own kitchen stove, Q. When was the Dolly Varden dress in fashion’—H. E. G. A. This dress, with its bodice 2nd bouffante skirts made of flowcred chintz, was in faszhion about 1870. It was named from 8 character in Dickens’ “Barnaby Rudge.” QA. vghn 15 the Danzig Corridor?— A. This so-called corridor is a nar- row strip of country extending across | Germany to the Baltic Sea just west !o{ Dansig. It gives Poland an outlet | to the sea. It is one of the chief ob- | structions to peace in Europe and & | member of the French cabinet described | it as “A drafty corridor, singularly apt | to give statesmen bad colds, if not fatal pneumonta.” Q. What does af{” in the name | Grat Zeppelin mean>—F. M. P. | _A. The German word “graf” is a titie, | equivalent to the English count. Q. How many passengers did the | railroads of the United States carry | last_year and how many were killed?>— M. K. A. In 1928, the railroads carried 790,327,447 sengers. Of these, 91 1'"% killed aceidents and 3,463 in- jured. Q. What is the difference between ;umle;s iron and stainless steel?>— | ""A. The Bureau of Standards says that the difference between stainless fron | and stainless steel is mainly a difference carbon content. Stainless iron has ‘prl:nully no carbon. Q. Was Coxey & pocr man when he {led his army of the unemployed to | Washington?>—M. F. A. He was worth $1,000,000 or more at that time. He was particularly terested in good roads. and the “arm: had its inception in his belief that the roads should be improved throughout the country as a means of furnishing work for the unemployed. He has | lived to see a miraculous change in the | highways of the United States. Q. How many towns are officered by | Negroes?—W. L. 8. A. The Negro Year Book lists 68 | towns, the fuvernment of which is prac- | tically all in the hands of Negroes. _Board Credit Policy Subject of National Debate A general discussion of the policies of the Federal Reserve Board in dealing with the credit situation and the pos- #ibility of a congressional investigation followed the increase of the rediscount rate of the New York Reserve Bank"and its immediate effect on the stock mar- ket. lately,” according to the Chicago Daily News, “for the low salaries paid fts members, for the secrecy with which it transacty its business, and for various other things. If the board is right it can survive an investigation. If the board's critics are right an investiga- tion is needed. But the cry of ‘foreign devil’ is silly. Of course, the board watches foreign financial conditions and governs ftself accordingly. Financial isolation is a myth, and the activities of money and stocks abroad quickly affect money and stocks at home. Price levels | and the health of industry throughout the world respond quickly to develop- ments in any important financial cen- ter. The board would be guilty of gross negligence if it did not determine its policies partly according to conditions elsewhere. To ignore these conditions would be to jeopardize the economic welfare of the United States.” U the end of 1927 the plethora of American capital and gold reserve had kept our money rates exeeptional- Iy low. Movement of capital on a large scale from America to Europe was & determining influence on international exchange,” explains the New York Times, with the added information that “enormous extension of speculation in America during 1928 and 1929 changed all that. From the cheapest of great money markets,” continues the Times, “New York became the dearest. Wall Street was bidding 6 to 15 per cent for demand loans and as high as 9 per cent for time loans on the Stock Exchange. * * * The inevitable result was not only recall of American funds previous- ly loaned to Europe, and & great de- crease in American purchases of for- eign securities, but movement of Euro- pean money on a large scale into Wall Street. * * * Speculative excitement in America has, if anything, been stim- ulated, and Wall Street is bldding rates for money such as have seldom been reached in our history outside of a financial crisis.” * ok ok “Its eritics have chi d the board with having completely lost control of the credit situation,” says the Hartford Courant, “and with having permitted the control of the money market to be vested in_Stock lxchnng ’?enwn. *+ * * If the Reserve Board has at, last found itself and has formulated a definite policy for its future guidance, the result cannot but be beneficial, even though market speculation may hxv: | Jeceived only a momentary set- ck.’ “Unquestionably there will be a great deal of debate in Congress about the whole subject,” thinks the Lexing- ton Leader, with the comment: “Legiti- mate business certainly should be pro- tected, and the draining away of vast sums of money into the lative market be prevented, if the credi structure is weakened thereby. Policies and methods, however, are subjects open to debate, and about which even the experts may honestly differ.” “The Reserve Board will be blamed,” in the opinion of the Chicago Daily Tribune, “for any untoward conse- the | quences of the rate increase, and will receive little credit for any beneficial ones. mthmrtotmrfluwd for failure to take the public into its 'k Island Argus confidence.” The Rocl also asserts that “the confidence &l ',l:e . public into its confidence.” * K k% ‘The Bt.-Louis Times contends: “When: a group of men, anywhere, can, over- night, wreak upon security holders such losses as were sustained, the: should at least be controlled. Business interests which dislike to be assegaied oo may 661 it Peady’ 1o Pt their , may infiuence ufle,uda o demand for con- “It the Federal “The board has been much eriticized | able to see the futility of its polics | declares the St. Paul Pioneer Press, “the public is not so hlind. With only half s crop of grain and interest charges going steadily upward, the Northwest is in no mood to continue carrying the heavy end of the money |log. It is time for the board to find a new policy that will reduce interest rates in a country that has the greatest wull;h and nearly all the gold of the world.” As to the effect on the market, the Waterloo Tribune, the Sprirzfield, Mo., Leader, and the Saginaw Daily News |emphasize the point that intrinsic jvalues of stocks are not affected by fluctuations in the stock market. The | Kansas City Journal-Post suggests that | the incident should not have come es | & surprise. “The scenes on the stock | market,” states that paper, “were un- |usual only in that they were easily | predictable. The determination to de- flate the market, not merely because of | the unreasonably soaring prices, but because the credit facilities of the country have been deranged by the rush to get high call money rates, has been evident for some time.” * ok % “The board’s opposition to the ab- | sorption of so much credit in specula- |tion,” avers the Detroit News, ‘“has been made very clear for months. Barring disclosure of facts not now apparent, the present action approaches & test of whether regulation of the American speculation madness is pos- sible at all by Government agencies.” The Asheville Times sees in the develop- ments “an interesting experiment in the control of credit.” The South Bend Tribune is convinced that “the great majority of Americans do not interpret the board’s interference as unjustifiably dictatorial.” The Buffalo Evening News says that “a depression resulting from an insufficient supply of money to move crops would be much more serious than any curtallment in the activities of stock markets.” The New York Evening Post finds satisfaction in the thought that the board apparently took to heart the fact that “it has been reproached for many months because of its policy of giving out in advance hints and even threats of probable action,” and calls its action “a swift surprise.” The Post also welcomes the substitution of “cer- tainty for uncertainty.” The a- delphia Evening Bulletin contends that the board dealt “with a delicate, diffi- cult and generally unprecedented situa- tion with an eye single to the main- tenance of financial stability.” New Airplane Motor Seen in Near Future From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Although recent tests, notably that of the St. Louis Robin, have shown that the modern airplane engine is capable of meeting virtually any de- mand that may be made upon it. in- vestigators are going ahead with efforts to develop a_new type, which will b fiiclent. Henry Ford even engine design for safer landings, perfect balance to vent vibratios and strain; and use of cheaper fuel. ‘The airplane of the future may leave a trail of smoke in its wake, if laie experiments with. Diesel engines lead to a marketable product. A plane equip- ped with such an engine was flown 650 miles at a speed of 100 miles an hour, “'mfi ordinary furnace oil for fuel, which cost $4.68, as com; $26.85 for the equivalent ST e G WS AN vy o ‘ent development. A modification of the turbine would be the ideal power plant, accord! harles L. Lawrence, with e, cooled, is hanging up enviable records for itself. It is onepot the marvels of