Evening Star Newspaper, July 12, 1929, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editlon. WASHINGTON, D. C. leDAY..........July 12, 1929 # THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company syivanis Ave. New York Office: 110 Past 42nd St. hicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. uropean”Office;, 14 Refent St.. London, n Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star. .. 45¢ per month | The Evening and Sul i (when 4 Sundays) . ... .60¢ per month | The Eveninz and Sunday Star | en 5 Sundays). The Sunday Star : o Collection made at the en: I Orders may be sent in by mail o) NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. | Dally and Sunday....] yr.$10.00; 1 mo.. R3c Daily only 1 yri. $6.00: 1 mo...80c 1yrl $4.00; ach month. r telephone Sunday only ' 1 mol. 40c | All Other States and Canada. Datly and Sunaay..1 yr. $12.00; 1 mo.. § Daily only 1yr., $8.00; 1 mo., wuncay only ¥i 1.00 | isc | $5.00: 1 mo.. BGe | Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively ertitled to the use for republication of all ) ews dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this puper and also Lhe ocal rew: published herein. All rights of pudlication o special dispatches herein are also rcservi An Unwanted Playground. Playgrounds are so generally con-/ ceived as desirable and much sought | after additions to school property any- where that the protest of Cleveland Park residents against the municipal- ity's purchase of land near the John Eaton School, to be developed as a play- ground, is unusual and the strong lan- | alone. berships of the sects definitely outside the limits of Christianity are eliminated we have left about 19,000,000 Catholics and 30,600,000 Protestants. The latter are split into nearly 200 subdivisions, but 80 per cent of the total is contained in eleven major groups. The statistical picture shows a distinct decline of the smaller sects to the advantage of the larger. On the other hand, 32 new Christian denominations, mostly small and within circumscribed areas, sprang | into existence in the ten years covered by the figures. When we delve below the surface to get at the fundamental clements of this | picture there is much that is encourag- ing for the student of religion as a so- clological rather than as a theological phenomencn. In the past the social and religlous functions of the churches have:been | tangled in a very inwelved fashion. Churches were the ‘social centers of communitics,. Worship sometimes even had the status of a sccondary function. The church ministered to a wide range of human needs which were not strictly religious in nature. During the past | two decades its range steadily has been | narrowed. Few now turn to the churches for that indispensable psy-! HE EVENING in this country—or any other—who do not wish to see thels children advance in llfe, who do not wish to see them sssociate with children who have had opportunitics to learn and to advance. The question at issue is whether it is wrong for parcnts to have such ambi- tions for their children. This is a country, it has been frequently said, of cqual opportunity, Many of America's most successful men have made their way to the top of the ladder from the bottommost rungs. It would be idle to say that in doing so many of them have not aspired to friendships with men who were more advanced in the social strata, whether they made such friendship in school or outside. If the schools and colleges of the country are giving attention to social affeirs to the exclusion of sound educa- tion, that is something else. It is a matter for which the schools and col- leges should be indicted. Dean Holmes asserts that much emphasis is laid upon being admitted “to the fellowship 'of educeted men,” with the emphasis on the fellowship rather than on the edu- cation. The fellowship of educated men, however, is an asset, and an asset for which many will continue to strive, as well as for education. It appears chological “avenue of escape” from the drabness, monotony and failures of | everyday life. Automebiles, radios and | moving pictures have taken over a large ; part of this extra-religious function. | The church finds its?lf more and more | a place of worship for worship’s sake | even very slight gains recorded in ten years of the With this consideration, far out of prcportion to the statistical guage of the protestants is extraordi- nary. The purchase of the site is con- | demned as a waste of public funds. The site itself is pictured as an additional. traflic hazard to endanger the lives of | children, and no less an autnority than Mrs. Susie Root Rhodes is quoted to the effect that the land involved is un- suited for development as a playground and that she would have opposed its ac- ceptance for that purpose even as a gift In addition, the point is made that there is no need for the playground | in this section; that past experience has | demonstrated the lack of demand for a | playground and that the money spent | in Cleveland Park could have been bet- ter spent in some other section of the | city that needs a playground. | Commissioner Dougherty’s informal ; comment on the protest is that ncarly | every time the District buys prnpcrtyll anywhere somebody objects and that the land in Cleveland Park is needed | as a playground and can b developed attractively, in time, for that purpose. It is not always possible to distin- | guish between the selfish protests of | those who belicva their own property is | to be damaged by municipal institutions | and those who protest disinterestedly | 25 members of the community. But the | John Eaton School case is interesting | in that it affords another example of | how the interests of the municipality | and those of the community sometimes | clash, with the municipality occupying | the role of en unwelcome trespasser. The city’s attempt to erect a fire engine house on Sixteenth street was another such example in which the municipal- 1ty moved secretly against the desires| of the community, and when its plans were brought into the open had to de- fend its action. The logical explanation of this diffi- culty is the secrecy with which the District must surround its negotiations for purchase of property. Once it be- | comes known that the District is secking | to acquire sites the price rises and often necessitates resort to condemna- tion. In a way this denies both the municipality and the community af-! fected the privilege of frankly discuss- ing plans in advance before they are carried through. It places upon the| District an additional burden of respon- | sibility, for while buying land at the| lowest price possible, it must seek to | make the purchase conform to the sen- | timent and desires of the community. | The Board of Education has already | heard the Cleveland Park protestants | and @ecci%ed against them in favor of the Commissioners. The Commission- ers, having bought the land and sealed the purchase, are not inclized to reopen ! the case. The only appeal left to the | citizens is to the courts. The ultimate | decision may be of minor importance to the city, but the case emphasizes the value of a close liaison between the | various communities of Washington and the District Building, the importance of alert citizens’ assoclations which make their wants and their needs known | in such fashion that the municipal au- | thorities know, when they move, that | they are moving with and not against | Public sentiment. ———r—e—— | | | | i Men's wear is being modified by the manufacturers in an effort apparently to make up in variegation for what ii| lacks in comfort. e As the world matures, Ambassador | Dawes claims credit for putting diplo- Christianity in America. ‘The Christian Church, with its 230 denominational divisions in the United States, is holding its own. On the whole, it probably is making | slight advances despite the stresses and strains to which it is subjected by pres- ent conditions. i A statistical picture of contemporary | American Christianity has just been is- sued by the Journal of the American Sociological Association. On the whole, it should be conducive to optimism. In the ten years from 1916 to 1926 the value of church property approximately doubled from $1,676,600,582 to $3,842,- 577,133; expenditures for salaries, re- pairs, etc., more than doubled and the figures for per capita giving by church members increased 41 per cent more than the cost of living in the same period, When considereC in their proper re- lations to other contemporary factors, such as the almost universal increase in city and town realty values, the general advance in wages in all occupations, and the growing gap between salaries and the statistical cost of living, these fig- ures certainly do not indicate any sen- sational growth. This hardly could have been expected. A proper infer- ence, however, scems to be that Chris- tianity has not fallen behind amid the materialistic trends and changing standards of the post-war period. ‘The total of recorded chi municants in the country is ajpp mately 54,000,000—somewhat ¢y i . o 5 1 than { called “peace assault Fipdrenion domptity : ’ present era seem to have a significance | figures. ‘They indicate that religion itself, stripped of all its extraneous fea- turcs, has made gains seldom duplicated | n the past. Fewer and fewer of the ! members of Christian congregations are | there conselously or subconsciously for | entertainment or for the material gain incident to the soctal position of church membership. - = A Hero in Our Midst. A bearded, one-armed hero of France, | “the Lion of Champagne’—Gen, Henri | J. E. Gouraud, commander of his coun- try's first army in the World War—is Washington’s honored guest today. He is en Toute to tomorrow’s reunion of the Rainbow (42d) Division of the Amer- | ican expeditionary forces in Baltimore | —the gallant force which fought under | Gouraud during the crucial weeks of the drive to victory in the Summer of 1918. The officers and men of the Rainbow | are privileged to be the spokesmen of , all America in greeting and receiving | this seasoned warrior and courtly gen tieman. He belongs to France, but | America claims him, too, in recollection of her own sons who bared their breasts | to the foe uxdas his inspiring command cleven Zxams ago this week. The Germans launched their last vast and valiant effort in mid-July, 1918, finding athwart the path of their so- a grim resistance offered by a determined Franco-Amer- | ican Army. In supreme charge of this stern line of defense along the Marne was Gen. Gouraud, battle-scarred and laurel-crowned from earlicr campaigns in the Sudan, Morocco and Gallipoli. On the eve of battle, on July 16, in 2 general order redolent of Napoleon stirring admonitions to his troops at the zero hour, Gouraud issued the fol lowing “Official Appeal to the French and American Soldiers of the Army”: ‘We may be attacked from one mo- ment to another. You all feel thata | defensive battle was never cngaged | in under more favorable conditions. | We are warned, and we are on our | guard. We have received strong re- inforcements of infantry and ar- | tiller: You will fight on ground | which by vour assiduous labor you | have transformed into a formidable | fortress, into a fortress which is in- | vincible if the passages are well | guarded. The bombardment will be terrible. | You will endure it without weakness. The attack in a cloud of dust and gas will be fierce, but your positions | and your armament are formidable. The strong and brave hearts of frece men beat in your breasts. None will look behind, none will give way. Every man will have but one thought ——"Kill them, kill them in abun- dance, until they have had enough.” And therefore your general tells you it will be a glorious day. The rest is history. Hindenburg's | vaunted Friedensturm—the “peace at tack” which was to smash the enemy’s | resistance beyond repair—crashed and | broke against “the strong and brave | hearts” which Gouraud had fired with | unquenchable will to conquer. Neither the Rainbow Division nor the American people can ever forget him or the shin- ing qualities that sprang from his in- trepid leadership. B 8o many different kinds of aviation records are sought that the straight-| forward mail pllot who gets where he started for and comes back in safety becomes a figure to be depended on. —_———— ‘School Snobbery. The dean of the Graduate School of Education at Harvard University, Henry W. Holmes, hes declared that “Ameri- can education is decply affected with snobbery.” He criticizes the use of edu- cational institutions, particularly private schools, for social advancement. He objects to schooling being used for ul- terior purposes—“for getting ahead in the world.” The dean may be right, but he seems to have made a poor se- lection of words. Schooling, for most young men and women in America, means an opportunity to “get ahead in the world.” It means improvement in mental training, knowledge as a basis upon which to build experience in actual contact with the world. It means friendships which endure through life, and perhaps an improvement of manners because of contact with others. 1t was not long dgo that Prof. Robert Emmons Rogers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology talked to his class about “the necessity of being a snob.”” Immediately there followed ' a wide discussion, in which the attitude of Prof. Rogers was largely condemned. But he, too, had been unfortunate in his selection of words, rather than ‘what he intended to say. Y + Dean Holmes indicted the parents of the country in his talk, declaring that even parents who sent their chil- dren to the public schools were actu- ated by the same motives as those who sent their children to private schools; that if the former had the means to do 30, they would send. them to pay schools. Mbflq in & senss he is i | examination | known before he did it that he would !learned his lesson and needs no ser-| | ship with human kind by means of | +we are discussing broad economics, or almost cbvious, however, that the fel- lowship of educated men can scarcely be atlained without also obtaining ome education. ) Punishment Enough. There is tragedy enough in a boy's failure to realize his ambition to enter the Naval Academy without adding to it the shame and ignominy of trial as 2 conspirator against his country. Sec- retary Adams’ request that there be no prosecution of Sherwin Rupp and Paul Schooler, both of them nineteen, will be generally applauded. Rupp, having passed the academy's hired Schooler to take e test, for Rupp was color blind There was des- | his ¢ and Schooler was not. peration in Rupp's plan. He felt the flood of failure closing over him and| he grabbed at a straw. He might have be found out. But he took a chance and that was that. There might be a text for a sermon here, for Rupp was trying to build his | house on sand. It collapsed before it was started, and Rupp can take what | littie comfort there is in the knowledge that he is young enough and ambitious enough to start building again on a firmer foundation. But Rupp has mons. Every one will wish him the best of luck and no one regards him | as a dangerous conspirator or as a | very bad boy. R A little gorilla is claiming relation- blood tests and still more by manifesta- tions of natural affection. Genus Homo i entitled to & certaln sense of superi- ority. But it should not assume an utterly priggish attitude toward its poor relations. | S e Radio has a serlous mission in send- | ing news of danger for airships and explorers. Its eforts at “comedy re- lief” between times are naturally liable | to miss great consideration. i S S ngton, D. C., is never impetuous. Was! It will eventually have an airport, de- signed on well considered plans, wanhy} of the Capital City of the world's great- | est nation. PR e There are turbulent soclal elements | in New Orleans that refuse to accept | the greatly admired Mardi Gras influence as a permanent institution. s e e A fgw more mergers may be ex-| pected to bring forward the interesting question of who is the real boss. o In public life photography fs im- portant. No one who is wise shies at | the camera man. S SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Lazy Day. Saw a wandering butterfly— A bee buzzed on his way; The South Wind breathed a perfumed sigh, It was a Lazy Day! And after triumphs, great or small, A lifetime may display, Perhaps the very best of all Is just a Lazy Day! Views, “What are your views concerning the tariff?" “I try to stick by my friends,” shid Senator Sorghum. “My views on the tariff are liable to depend on whether personal sociabilities.” Jud Tunkins says you don't have to “look for trouble”; you can make it up for yourself as you go along. Source of Supply. ‘We now perceive a method neat, Defying Nature's plan; And nearly everything we eat Comes out of a tin can. Time Will Tell. “I hear you are engaged to be mar- ried!” “Only time will tell” saild Miss Cayenne, “whether it is to be a marriage or only another breach of promise case.” “Let us go on worshiping our an- cestors,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- ! stand. lat every town. “Some of them may have been unworthy, but we do ourselves honor as we exalt them in imagination.” Going to Play Golf. “I'm going to play golf,” I said. The silent lad strode on ahead. . I heard him mutter from afar— “Big boy! You only think you are!” “Tellin’ yoh troubles,” said Uncle Eben, “ain’t as likely to git you sym- pathy as it is to hand somebody a laugh.” x P ICTE S SR Business Opportunity. From the Springfield Daily News. Eight States now exempt doctors from speed laws, thereby giving the physicians a chance to run down some new R ———— = There's Alw From the Detrolt News. g 2 man's te his_best ‘Those white doorsteps of Baltimore, washed and scrubbed until they gleam, fascinate the automobile tourist beyond anything 8lse. He mu‘ forget the monkey in the cage by the roadside, or those acres of rose bigM. stretching away to the horizon, Ur e sight of the old man puttering arcund a big bow! of gold fish in the front yard. It is a sure bet, however, that he wiil never forget Baltimore's doorsteps as they shone under the ministrations of thousands of women, He came into the city very early in the morning, after a run along the Bladensburg road and its integral Balti- more pike. There before him were the rows and rows of houses, all just alike, front walls | flush with sidewalks, adorned with white steps, wooden or concrete. And they were all being scrubbed. There was such a sloshing of soapsuds as might have been heard back in Washington, if ears were delicately enough atuned. After the doorstep ablutions the pails of water were emptied into the gutte Talk not of hygiene. Cleanliness comes before hyglere any day, especially on the Fourth of iuly! ¥ * The early morning start from the historic old city of Georgetown had re- vealed nothing more startling than business establishments unopened. Only a fev men are waiting for street cars for this is a holiday, and Government employes are off duty. At the Capitol grounds, green and white in the glow of the morning, & left turn is made where no left turns aie allowed, but the police are not in sight, s0 who should worry? Now we come into Touristiana house has its sign. One says “Tourists Accommodated,” another “Tourists Guests Welcomed,” a_third that “We Entertain Tourlsis.” Yonder is a bar- becue stand, with hams turning slowly before naked flames. The eye catches telephone poles, tres trunks and rocks painted white from the ground up to three or four feet. The usual set of warning signals flash, or_point out ravines, etc. This early in the day the traffic con- sists mostly of Washington-bound trucks. The old familiar “ham that Every am” sign is succeeded by “eggs that is.” | and both give way to a table filled with huge glass jars of honey. The morning sun, striking aslant through those sweetly laden jars, takes on asprets of amber. How does one pronounce “apiary”? Watch out! There goes a black cat, squarely across the road. The super- stitious sigh with relief when the cat turns out to be & brown-and-black calico variety. So far not a firecracker has been heard, although this is the day that we and all the others celebrate. Well, that will begin later. (On second thought. it began a week ago—maybe the boys have shot off all their crackers.) * x % % More cars are on the road now, all going toward Washington. There is Laurel and its racetrack and grand- Roadside lunch stands crop up turn. Hot dogs, hot coffee, fried chicken A row of hollyhocks blooming along { an old, unpainted shed makes a pretty picture. And then Baltimore and those white doorsteps. famous in history and today. A mother cat and kittens sit- ting on one white step are very thin and dirty. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIO 4 BY FREDERIC Our foreign trade authorities are not scoffing at _the deluge of tariff protests drenching Washington from abroad, but point cut certain things in connection with them, of which the American pub- lic is not aware. In the first place, many of the remonstrances originating in Europe are made by governments with embarrassing domestic political situations on their hands. In virtually every cld-world country of importance the government is in the hands of a minority party—like Rargsay MacDon- ald's cabinet in Great Britain. Gov- ernments with troubles at home al- ways grasp with avidity at what Bis- arck used to call foreign “diversions” —i.e., something happening abroad to which they can point with patriotic alarm. That sort of thing commonly takes the minds of peoples and poii- ticlans off of troubles and worries near- er home. A year or two ago it was America’s Shylockian debt policy, as it was dubbed, which foreign statesmen exploited for local political purposes. Now—at least, that's the way it looks to certain keen authorities in Washing- ton—it’s Uncle Sam's Shylockian tariff policy that is the best thing to kick and to kick about. # 5 * As to Latin American clamor against the proposed new American tariffs, there's another side to that medal, too. Of the 20 other American republics, only 3—Cuba, Argentina and Urugu: are seriously affected by the Hawle: rates, which the Sente finance com- | mittee 15 now reviewing. But all of those countries impose import duties | upon American goods, which, dollar for dollar, represent a very considerabie item in the revenue of the Havana, Buenos Aires and Montevideo govern- ments. American states, the overwhelming bulk of their principal products-—espe- cially from countries like Brazil and Chile—is on the United States free list. Commodities like coffee; copper, Tib- ber and nitrate, to mention only the principal articles, enter our market without tariffs. By and large it Is claimed in Washington, Latin America fares pretty well at our customs houses, and its wail of woe is described as cor- respondingly unjustified. * B K K A Woodrow Wilson-William G. Mc- Adoo Democrat enters the State De- partment in the person of David Hunter Miller of New York, whom Secretary Stimson has just appointed “editor of {reaties.” Mr. Miller becomes the first occupant of the new post recently cre- ated Congress. He accompanied Col. Edward M. House to Paris in 1918 as legal adviser of the American peace mission and drew up the final draft of the covenant of the League of Natfons. In 1924 Mr. Miller was a member of the group which submitted the unofficial American plan for disarmament and securjty to the League. In that same year Mr. Miller was actively identifled with William G. McAdoo’s presidentiai ambitions and was one of the com- manders of his forces at the Demo- cratic national dissension in Madison Square Garden. * ok ok K The affair of Mme. Ying Kao, wife of the former Chinese vice consul at San Francisco, who tried to smuggle 2 million dollars’ worth of opium into the United States, draws attention to the fact that women seem to be the chief offenders against the Harrison narcotics act. The new Federal prison for female criminals at Alderson, W. lation” of women convicted either of balng addicts or professional peddlers of dope. The immigration authorities on the cent of this total, Dr. Ja, led col Asiatics are willing to run wik and resort to almost any ruse in order to reach American soil with a con- signment of u;e '!or:lfl.den fruit, STAR, WASHINGTON, D. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Regarding the other 17 Latin | | ‘There_are many graveyards in and i around Baltimore. Japanese lanterns hang from strings across several front porches. There is an old boat sunk in a front yard and filled with blooming petunias. A novel flower g In one front yard is a large round bowl, shaped like a_ washtub, sitting on a stump. It is filled with goldfish: An old, plump man with bald head and white mustache is putter~ ing_around. There is a little white house with clapboards running up and down. It appears to be at least 100 years old, but flaunts modern awnings at all its| windows. As we,go along the roads we see no_horses or cows, but plenty of mules. We cross the Susquehanna on the dam, which most. people have seen, 50 we enter into no description of it, as interesting as it is, with its power plant, queer racginery, high-voltage wires and supporing fowers like the | radlo towers at Arlington. | * x & x | Crossing the Pennsylvania State lne | at.8:40 am, we come into a great | agricultural State. Wheat is being Back in the | shocked in the fields. | Middle West wheat hasn't been cut yet. | Yuccas are plentiful and in full | bloom. Lemon lilies blossom in waves | along the roadside, where they have spread from farmlands. This is a land of nurseries, and here is one of the country’s largest growers of rose bushes. West Grove, the rose town. One notes with interest that the acres of bushes have been sprayed with what appears to be copper, if one may | judge from the blue tinge it gives the follage. Across the road is the tourist camp, with a monkey in a cage. The ape (not in an apiary) chatters menacingly. Along the road are more nurseries. Thirty or forty carloads of manure grace railroad sidings. In front of cvery greenhouse i5 & great square bed of manure, probably 25 feet squarc and 6 feet high. 2 Our memory of Kennett Square is chiefly of an old colored woman, all dressed up in black, who stood in a | gutter washing off her shoes in a small flow of water. A large wheat fleld, ving in the sunlit breeze, is pretty enough to stir | one to poetical musings. Now comes Brandywine Creek. The houses are old. old, of stone. some plastered over. There is one burned to the ground, but with chimneys standing intact at either end. There are many pienic | parties along the road outside Media So we roll along. In the late after- noon the road is reversed. Honeysuckle covers high banks along the roadside Old stone houses sit on hillsides. They appear to be falling down bill. but prob- have looked that way for a cen- | At Susquehanna a sign is seen: “All ! cars must stop for inspection.” It is Japanese_beetles, not liquor. But we have no bestles, so are allowed to pass | on, There are dead snakes along the | road. which is now filled with traffic. | In’ Baltimore we see every one sitting | out on those white doorsteps which they were scrubbing in the morning. An 18- vear-old boy throws lighted firecrackers at a mate. A gaunt man amuses him- sell by throwing crackers at passing au tomobile: Solid lines of cars going both ways botween Baltimore and Washington | make the trip take three hours. But | home is worth every minute of it. WILLIAM WILE. | nevertheless, could apparently be bought in Washington, because he'd just seen a sign In front of the handsome Cuban embarsy on Sixteenth street readirg: “Chancery at the rear.” Let uniniti- ated know that “‘chancery” is the lan- | guage of diplomacy for “offices. * % x The Davilas or the Davillas are soon going to be as numerous in Washing- ton as the Hoovers. We already have | Ambassador Don Carlos Davila of Chile | and Representative Felix Cordova Davila | of Porto Rico. Now comes Carol A.| Davilla as the newly accredited Min- ister of Rumanta to add to the official confusion. The Chilean and Porto Rican emissaries accent their names on the nemes. { i a” it the first syllable of their | If Minister Davilla accents the | “i” in his name, perhaps that'll help | straighten matters out. He also in- dulges in an extra “1" in-his surname. * kX X Postmaster General Walter F. Brown | has just presented his 75 per cent new | official staff to President Hoover. It includes First Assistant Arch Coleman, former postmaster of Minneapolis; | Third Assistant Frederic A. Tilton of Detroit, the accountant of the Post Of~ fice family, and Fourth Assistant John W. Philp, former postmaster of Dallas. The appointment of two outstanding postmasters brings new blood into the department fresh from the field, where the heavy work is done. The one hold- over is Second Assistant Postmaster General W. Irving Glover of New J sey. who is now the veteran of “baby | cabinet” members. He is the only man left in this circle who was appointed by President Harding, continued through the Coolidge administration and was retained by President Hoover. Glover | has charge of the air mail and all forms of transportation of the mails. Postmester General Brown says he now | bosses a well balanced staff and is ready | for all comers who want to give the | Post Office Department the once-over. | (Copyright, 1929.) S e Ocean’s S alt Attributed To Action of Volcanoes BY E. E. FREE, PH. D. ‘The old question of who put the salt in the sea has a new answer. In so far as the sea is salty instead of tasting like lye or baking soda, the responsible parties are the world’s volcanoes. So says Dr. T. A. Jaggar, foremost Ameri- can volcano expert, in the latest of his weekly bulletins to the Hawalian Vol- cano Rescarch Association. The sea contains, geologists compute, more than 4,000,000 cubic miles of common salt. Part of this comes from rivers, for the tiny 2mounts of chemicals in each day's river water are left in the sea when the water itself evaporates, so that these river-borne materials gradually accumu- late. But the chemicals in river water are not chiefly common salt. Instead they are mostly carbonate compounds, like lye, or sulphate ones, like Epsom salts. If these remained unaltered in sea water. creatures like fish and oys- ters would be most uncomfortable. To change them into the more wholesome common salt nature needs continual supplies of hydrochloric acid, the same acid that plumbers use to make solder- ing fluid. That is t2e duty, Dr. Jaggar concludes. of the volcances. One hun- dred million tons of this acid are /necessary every year, he computes, to keep the sea salty instead of alkaline— enough acid to supply all the world plumbers for the rest of histery. Yet gases of a single volcanic area—that of Katmai, Alaska—supply nearly.1 per r finds, each year. Remembej that there are un- doubtedly many active volcanoes at the bottom of the sea, there is small doubt, risks | he believes, that the volcanic acid fac- tories are ample to keep the ocean pleasantly salty. Price Not Exorbitant. From the Day (New London. Conn. Count |election of Mr. ‘been | naf “mltm mh& C., FRIDAY, JULY 12, ' 1929, Politics at Largek By G. Gould Lincoln. ‘The American farm problem having, temporarily at least, been removed from the political field, American industry's problems have flashed into the lime- light. There was a lot said about the tariff revision undertaken by Congress when the bill was before the House, but that isn't a circumstance to what is being salu now, with the measure still before the Senate committee. Democratic hands are held up in holy horror at the iniquities of the House bill, d when it is suggested that the Senate committee is likely to reduce some of the rates when it reports the bill to the Senate, only snorts of scorn are heard from the opposition. Whoever heard of a Republican tarjff bill that; was not a stench in the nostrils of the Democrats—or of a Democratic tariff bill which the Republicans did not condemn with equal severity? That's part of the game, the great game of politics. It was only a little more than a year and half ago, how- ever, that the Democratic high com- mand in charge of the candidacy of former Gov. Alfred E. Smith for the Presldency ‘was insisting that American ndustry need have nothing to fear, that it would be afforded ample protection if the Democrats were put in control of the Government. True, this line of argument did not appeal ts some of the old, low-tariff Democrats, who had fought, bled and died in other campaigns when the protective tariff was an issue, but at least they did not emit any loud howls of rage. quite possible that they had in back of their heads an idea that neither Mr. Smith nor any other Democrat who might be elected President could prevail upon a Democratic Congress to take that view of the tariff problem. Senator Simmons of North Carolina, ranking Democrat of the Senate finance committee and co-author with the late Oscar W. Underwood of the Under- wood-Simmons tariff act, the last Democratic tariff measure to become | law, did declare himself firmly against the ideas advanced by Mr. Smith and by some of his supporters in regard to he tariff. But then Senator Simmons | went. the whole hog” and opposed the Smith anyway. 1928 it was Democratic strategy to pre- vall upon American business men and manufacturers to support the national ticket with the promise not to tinker with the tariff, or not so very much, But in 1929 fthe Democrats are ap- | pealing to theconsumers in this coun- {try with a declaration that the Re- publican protective tariff is designed merely to keep up prices of essentials which the consumers must buy. But | although this is the official Democratic attitud: the it does not change or aiter ct that “the tariff is a local issue” and many of the Democrats would be much disturbed if they thought that some of the protectiv tariff schedules on certain articles were | to be reduced or eliminated. Thes trust to their Republican opponents to keep those dutfes up. They even vot> for those duties when the bill is up for amendment in Senate and House, al- though in some instances they later vote against the entire bill for the sake ' of party regularity. However, when the Hawley bill. with all its increases, came before the House for a final vote not so long ago. quite a number of Democratic members of » House voted for its passage, an- other indication of the fact that the tariff, after all, is “a local issue.” and that even Democrats are sensible of that fact. There has grown up in this country in recent years a great im porting business. It is “big business. There is the international banking interests, too. Democratic demands that these pro- tests be given consideration are heard almost daily, though it does depend a little against which duties these pro- tests are leveled. It is doubtful whether this is good politics. American pro- ducers will be apt to look askance at any politicians who would give foreign manufacturers and producers the bet- ter of the tariff argument. President Hoover, in his meéssage to Congress, urged & “limited revision” of the tariff, with increases to b made for agriculture and for certain indus- tries which have been suffering because | of large importations of goods from foreign nations with which the Ameri- cans could not compete in the matt: of price. It is exceedingly probable that if the House had stuck to & limited revision™ would have been protasts from many of these foreign nations. Some of the protests, the most vigorous of the lo! have come because of increases grante: on farm products. Well, either American farmer is to be given greate protection through the tariff or he not. It would be a bold politician. either Democrat or Republican, who at | this stage of the game declared him- self opposed to increases granted the farmers in the matter of tariff protac- tion. Senator Borah of Idaho insists. for example. that the real farm relief lies in giving the farmer a ‘“better break” in_the matter of protective tariff duties. There has been nothing to indicate that President Hoover does not still cling to his recommendation for a “limited revision” of the tariff. Indeed, . has been a number of indications. he believes, that the Hou: has gone too far in increasing certain duties and in removing some articles from the free list and making them du- tiable. The very fact that ths Senaie committee Republicans are talking bout a reduction of duties in the bill is indicative. No one expects the new Re- publican President to urge a reduction of rates, generally, speaking. in the p ent Jaw, and it was expected that the revision of the Republican tariff act would lead to increase in rates. But there is a limit, as Mr. Hoover has pointed out. The protective tariff can be run into the ground and make for political defeat as well as for political victory. Twenty years ago a Republican tariff Tevision was undertaken with dis- astrous results to the G. O. winding up with the Bull Moose split and eight years of Democratic rule in Washing- ton. Mr. Hoover probably does not ir.- tend ‘to get himself caught in any such jam, but be that as it may, Mr. Hoover is not going to advccate a discard of the protective tariff system. Of the four States of the Democratic which went for Mr. Hoo- ver in the presidental race last vear, three, Texas, North Carolina and Vir- ginia, elect Senators next year. In Texas Senator Morris Sheppard and in ! Virginia Senator Carter Glass, both of ‘whom come up for re-election, support- ed Al Smith for President. In North Carolina Senator Simmons strongly op- posed Smith and his defection from the cause had a powerful irfluence on the result in his State. All three Senators will face opposition becaus» of their attitude in the last election, though the opposition faced by Sheppard will be for a different reason than which Senator Simmons will meet. ‘The Democratic rlrty in these Southern States is relying on the old race issue to bring them back into line. A Tecent statement made publicly by Hiram Evans, imperial wizard of the Ku Kluy Klan, however, is not without its significance. Mr. Evans declared that the entertainment of Mrs. Priest, wife of the colored Representa- tive from Chicago. must not be held up against the President and Mrs. Hoover as an effort on_ their part to bring about social equality or 1 tion of the colored race. Priest incident is one of the campaign issues upon which the Democrats are counting in these Southern States, the dulmmn of the Klan leader may be somew! dileoneenlng. encouraging the anti-Smith Democrats who voted for Mr. Hoover and against Smith to continue their as long as Mr. Smith's ager, John power the . Senator Pat W] Smi Mr. Inj of the tariff there | the | and Glass | N¢ 1l Indeed, he is | nounced ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ‘Take advantage of this free service | If you are one of the thousands who | have patronized the bureau, write us! again. If you have never used the serv- | ice, begin now. It is maintained for your benefit. Be sure to send your name and address with your qdestion, and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address The Eve ning Ster Information Bureau, Prederic | J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C.| Q. How many post office stations has Chicago?—J. B. A. There are 396 stations of the post office in Chicago. Q. Can an invention be protected by | & caveat in the United States?—W. K. A. The caveat law in the United States was repealed by the act of July | 1, 1910, and such system of temporary protection is now not obtainable in our country. Therefore it is advisable to make prompt application for a patent. Q. What foods contain vitamin F?— W.J. B, ~ A Vitamin F is a rather uncertain vitamin. At the present time there is some controversy as to whether or not it should remain vitamin F or be known 2s vitamin B-1. The foods which con- tain vitamin B also contain vitamin F. The principal sources are yeast, wheat, nuts, seeds of legumes, fruits and vege- tables, in the order named. Q. Please tell something about the Portuguese language?—J. M. §. A. The Portuguese language is a Ro- mance language resembling the Span- ish and paralleling it rather closely in grammar. The Portuguese vocabula | shows considerable borrowing from the | French. According to the latest esti- mates there seem to be 11 vowel sounds and some 26 consonantal sounds. One of the most marked features of Portu- guese as compared with other Romance languages is the loss of the inte “1""and thus * the Latin Latin_“persona. nemenon of Portuguese is the appear- ce of a persanal or inflected Infinitive, which makes possible a very succinet construction comparable to the Latin \accusative and infinitive. Q. Where is Chinatown in New York City?—J. M. A. Chinafown in New York is much smaller than it was at one time. Its principal street is Mott street. The Chinese occupy the downtown area be- | tween First and Third streets. Q. How many dry goods stores are | there in the United States?>—F. D. C. | A, In 1926 there were reported 75.381 department. dry goods and speciaity | stores having a rating of $5,000 and {over. Q How many women | “Who's Who">—C. B. B. A. The A. M. Marquis Co. sa: | cannot tell the total number of { listed in “Who's Who in America. no count has been made for several years. It is safe to say. however, that there is about one woman to every 10 men. Altogether there are 28,805 names in the book. We estimate that about 2,800 of these are women (This is ac- cording to the 1928-29 edition of ‘Who Who in America’) are listed in Q. What is the seating capacity of the main tent of one of the big cir- cuses?—R. P. A. Tt will seat from 10,000 to 12,000 persons. Name men who have been nom- inated for President in Chicago.— N. A L. A. Lincoln was nominated for the | first time for the presidency in Chicago: [the two times that Cleveland won in the elections he was nominated there: | Benjamin Harrison was nominated in | Chicago the year that he won; Roose- | velt,” Taft, Hughes, Harding. Bryan, Grant, Garfleld. McKinley and Blaine were also nominated there. | Q How did the Speedw ! ington, D. C., get its nam . A | 'A. The Speedway is not the official | word for that section of the city which |1s 50 called. The public gave the name to it. About 20 vears ago, before Po- tomac Park was completed, there wa: |a soft dirt track which rafi from Sev- enteenth street diagonally to the river Here it was possible to drive horses at considerable speed, and in consequence in Wash- L. A. Plans for a fifth great trunk line railroad, with Kansas City as its West- ern terminal, as disclosed in a petition to the Interstate Commerce Commission by the Wabash, have revived public in- terest in the general subject on railroad consolidations. It is assumed that the ‘Wabash program will meet with strenu- ous opposition and that other roads will press proposals of their own before |lh:‘ Interstate Commerce Commission acts. ‘The Kansas City Journal-Post refers to the development as “a somewhat startling proposal of consolidation of 11 railroads, providing a trunk line ex tending from the Atlantic Coasts to Kansas City and also embracing some rich agricultural country in Iowa." That paper suggests that “the coura- geous independence of this course is the more evident in light of the large ownership of the Wabash by Penn- sylvania, one of the four trunk line: The Journal-Post concludes that Wabash proposal will affect so many other roads and such vast sections as the Interstate Commerce Commission and of the public.” ‘The ‘Wabash officials offer one ar- ment,” according to the Detroit New: travelers. Their scheme offers terminals as far west as Kansas City, Des Moines and Omaha. The other big systems ter- minate at Chicago. Why must all rail- entire country change cars at the foot of Lake Michigan? There is no natu- ‘There is no good physical reason wh cars can't be run from San Francisco to New ‘York, or from Baltimore to They turn Angeles. But they don't. roads will run from coast to coast and people in & hurry will not be routed through an intricate railroad center.” “What the attitude of the Pennsyl- vania, the New York Central and other existing trunk lines will be in the cir- cumstances,” says the Chicago Daily ews, easy to guess. That they will fight the petition of the Wabash may be taken for granted. Some person: think that they will suggest alternative consolidation plans instead of merely opposing the Wabash application. thus, incidentally, helping to clear up the whole consolidation question, which too long has been enveloped in fog. In view of the widely recognized need of | De | railroad consolidation, it is to be hoped that the move of the Wabash will pre- | cipitate speedy action beneficial to the | made last year and before that if he supported Smith he would have a hard time being re-elected to the Senate. Gov. Bilbo, who was expected to make a bid for the Harrison seat in the Sen- ate under these circumstances, has an- that he is not going to do any such thing and that Pat Harrison suits him. As a matter of fact, sii:llu" South to Smith, the Democratic & or | fac Democnmwltnmm ator 'S the | to force the subject on the attention of | “that must have occurred often to many | roads end at Chicago? Why must the | ral obstacle to be overcome at Chicago. | Seattle, or from Philadelphia to Los| around at Chicago. Some day our rail- | i, | In 1 at the BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. the drive was called the Speedw! The name has clung to that section. Q. Are wild camels still found?— {L.R.S. A. In certain parts of both Asia snd Africa there are still herds of wild camels in existence that yet ars too wild for even the natives to attempt tn tame them. Q. Are more .{nfld n unlined gloves bought by men?—M. G. _ SE: A. Eight or nine times out of ten a man buys lined glo: Q. Why was America named for Amerigo Vespucci?—M. S. A. The name America was originally used only for a portion of Central Brazl, the territory explored by Ves- pucei in his voyage to the New World. It was first employed for the entire western world by Mercator in 1541, Q. What are the yielding plants?—A. A. In the United States the greater part of ths honey produced fs alfalfa honey from the Western States, where several million dollars' worth is sold every vear. Sweet clover, white sage and other mountain flowers also con- tribute to the Western supply. In the Central States it is white clover, sweet clover, Span'sh needie and hearisease honey. In the Southern States, cotton, mesquite, horsemint and sweet clover. and in the States, Northern States buckwheat and white leading honey flowers. Orange blossoms, cleome, aster and basswood complete the Jist. ’mmr:pal hongy ¢ summer Eve’—B. T. mer Eve falls on the night festival of John the 3, ne 24. This used to be observed in all parts of Europe. Fires were kindled in the market places and the voung people leaped over the flames or threw garlands into them. Dancing inging played a part in the he early h c story of A. The ea recorded als of speed with chariot races at the Greck nat festivals, of which the most notable the Olympic’games held ev h year. Greek scuipture frequetius™ repres-nts the horse as used for riding, appare without a saddle in most cascs: but not as so employed for sport, except as an incident 1o the chariot racing. On the other hand, the horses in the Roman contests were to a very great extent ridden. Al the formalities of cntering and of differentiation of classes and of starting were minutely laid down and followed, even to the of the riders’ uniforms. In the rlier times these Roman races were d on the open plain. There-has 2ys been a tradition in England that on Salisbury Plain, just outside Stone- benge, the remains of a Roman race cours exist: and the oldest race which still takes place in England is run over a flat meadow just outs d» the walls of the Roman city of Chester. organized horses were 1tf Q. Are there many treasures still hed that were buried by fans?—M. C. A. The In ircau_of ‘Ethnology savs that it freque has inquiries regard- ing buried treasures ‘These burial placrs are reported as marked either by arranged in rows or some other I objects or by markings on On investigation it is generally there is no‘hing in them of anv 2 ) thing 2t all. The Indian acquired the conc-ption of eithr idual or tribal wealth and did have treasure. Q. What is a pocket veto?—G. V. N. A. A _pocket veto is the act of & Chief Executive who, when the legis- lative session will end within ths period allowed for returning a measure with his signature or veto. simply retains it d causes it to fail without a direct Q. Who was blamed for the collision between the S-51 and the City of Roms?>—J. L. R. A. The board of investigation held the City of Rome entirely to blame for the accident. Q. What is the morning star? evening star>—M. M. A. During July, Mercury. Venus and Jupiter will be morning stars; Mars is visible in the evening sky, ‘The Interest in Railroad Mergers Stirred Anew by Wabash Plans producing and consuming public of the Middle West. which in important sec- tions seriously needs simplified and im- proved through transportation service.” “In_numerous particulars,” declares the Fort Wayne Ne Sentinel, “the ‘Wabash has my to support its claim. It remains for the Interstate Commerce Commission, after careful consideration of all the argument pro and con, and after & survey of the wishes of stock- us lines affected, to | of the business in the areas involved. R)\d— vises the Indianapolis Star, “it should be adopted, provided the commission | has nothing better to offer. The diffi- | culty up to the present has been that the petitioners for consolidations have naturally looked to their own interest |and aroused the opposition of rivals. |1t is high time to consider the pub at large. The law calls for consolida- tions to promote efficiency and econo- my. A delay of nine years seems suffi- cles y wresting the Western Maryland from the B. & O. and the Wheeling & Lake Erie from the Van Sweringens, as the Wabash plan propose: he Newark Evening News suggests, “the consolidation projects of both the B. & O. and the Chesapeake & Ohio- Nickel Plate would be struck serious, if not fatal. blo The Wabash would acquire footings in Pittsburgh and Bal- imore and the Pennsylvania could out- do the Count of Monte Cristo as a vendettist by counting as paid off all its foes at once.” Interest in the anthracite region is attested by the Scranton Times. whicl finds that “it is disclosed Wabash petition that the Pen: and Wabash already have practical control of the Lehigh Valley, with the major part vested in the Pennsylvani and that paper concludes that “there is certain to be a vigorous fight against the Wabash proposal” The Spring- field, Mass., Republican states that “it will be noted that Chairman Wllfams of the Wabash, who is a former vice president of the Delaware & Hudson. links that carrier with New England in his proposals. If outside interests were acquiring stock with the intention of carrying out a New England-Dela- sible, but very imprcbable.” “New England stands to profit by such a merger as the Wabash pro poses,” thinks the Manchester Union. “At present only one of the four trunk systems comes into New England. In many respects, this area suffers vere handicap because of its semi lation, and any movement that will in- crease its contacts West and South must prove advantageous. In one item alone, the Wabash merger would be likely to be serviceable by creating a direct link with the coal fields of Penn- sylvania. inking the West and ‘the East Niagara frontier, “Buffalo would be the center of ons” of theinew system, observes the Evening News of t city, which also: thinks that *the that President Hoover is strongly in favor of mergers that will con te "'.IE U\:l\ and adi I~ is0- mf' or, in_the o